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Decoding Housing for All by 2022

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Decoding Housing for All by 2022 Decoding housing for all by 2022 India’s commitment to inclusive, sustainable, and affordable development kpmg.com/in © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Opportunity of the vision ‘Housing for all by 2022’ 1 crore annual urban population USD2 trillion investment is growth expected by 2050 possibly required to achieve the vision 11 crore houses will likely 2 crore houses be required by 2022 lying vacant 70 per cent of the urban housing 78 per cent of investment in need is in the afforable segment housing gets added to the GDP 30 per cent of the housing need 1.7-2.0 lakh hectare land is likely is concentrated in just two states required to meet urban housing need 30-35 per cent of housing cost consist of fees and taxes © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Foreword - KPMG A demographic trend suggests that India income is less than INR2 lakh per annum. is on the verge of large scale urbanisation Our analysis also reveals that it is the urban over the next few decades. With more affordable housing that require the central than one crore population getting added and state governments’ renewed focus, as to urban areas, India’s urban population is this segment may require almost half of expected to reach about 81 crore by 2050.1 the total investments envisaged. Housing, a basic need for humans, could The government needs to accelerate the play an important role in accommodating efforts to broad-base and significantly high urban growth in India. However, augment public-private-partnership several structural issues such as high programmes introduced in the past. In gestation period of housing projects, order to achieve this, several requisite limited and expensive capital, spiralling policies and regulations promoting land and construction cost, high fees and better coordination between housing taxes, unfavorable development norms stakeholders; delegation of power to and low affordability by Economicall urban local bodies; reduction in project Weaker Section (EWS) and Lower Income gestation period; rationalisation of fees Group (LIG) households are bottlenecks and taxes; a relook at development norms; restricting desired growth in housing stock empowerment of EWS/LIG households; in India with respect to housing demand. and steps for reduction in project cost and As per studies2 conducted by the Ministry schedule overruns need to be evaluated. of Rural Development and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, it This study, an effort by KPMG in India is estimated that almost a quarter of Indian and NAREDCO, highlights some of the households lack adequate housing facility. key concerns and strives to provide an agenda for action for central and state The central government acknowledges governments, and ULBs to meet the the importance of housing issue in the vision of ‘Housing for all by 2022’. I would country and has launched a massive like to thank the stakeholders involved campaign that promises to provide housing in preparing this study and hope that you to all its citizens by the year 2022. As per would find this report a useful read. our estimate, the vision would require development of about 11 crore houses with investments of over USD 2 trillion. Most of the housing development may need to be done for EWS/LIG households (in both rural and urban areas) whose Neeraj Bansal Head - Real Estate and Construction KPMG in India 1. World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2014 Revision, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014), July 2014; KPMG in India analysis 2. Report of the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage (2012-17), Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation; Working Group on Rural Housing for XII Five Year Plan, Ministry of Rural Development, 2011 © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. The real estate sector is of strategic and the introduction of Real Estate economic importance to the Indian Investments Trusts (REITs). economy, as it is the second largest employment generator after agriculture While this current wave of innovative and contributes about six per cent to energy in the sector has infused new life India’s GDP. The sector with its backward into it, there are still a number of issues and forward linkages to 250 ancillary that need focussed attention, failing which industries, has the potential to generate the real estate sector will not be able to significant employment opportunities achieve its full potential. and provide a quantum jump to the Indian economy. Accelerating the growth in the This study, a joint initiative by NAREDCO sector can help turn-around the sluggish and KPMG, showcases the steps required GDP growth witnessed in the last few to meet surplus housing and funding to the years. liquidity crunched real estate sector. We are thankful to KPMG for the necessary India would require about 11 crore housing support and guidance for preparing this units on a pan India basis by 2022 to study. achieve the vision of our Honourable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi. It is imperative that to achieve this vision, we strengthen the sector by streamlining the archaic norms and procedures of urban local bodies and incentivise stakeholders. In the last decade, there have been reforms across a wide spectrum of real estate issues such as land acquisition, regulation to protect customer interests, opening the doors to foreign investors, Navin Raheja Sunil Mantri Chairman President NAREDCO NAREDCO © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Housing for all by 2022 © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Housing for all by 2022 Table of contents 1. Executive summary 08 2. Vision 2022: India’s housing need by 2022 10 3. Structural issues restrict participation, investments, 14 and development of urban affordable housing 4. Agenda for action based on six themes 16 needs to be introduced • Strategic initiatives for further impetus 16 • Make strategic investments 17 • Simplify structural and procedural framework 18 • Introduce legal and regulatory reforms 19 • Empower the consumer for greater affordability 22 • Strengthen housing program delivery 23 5. Summary of recommended reforms 26 6. Annexure 28 © 2014 KPMG, an Indian Registered Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Executive summary Housing for all by 2022 Current state of housing in India Requirements to achieve the vision by 2022 presents a dramatically different opportunities and • Housing shortage of about six crore units • By 2022, India needs to develop about 11 crore housing units requirements in front of the • Level of annual investments in the housing stakeholder sector is about USD110 to 120 billion. • Investments of more than USD2 trillion or about USD250 to 260 billion annual investment until • Average growth of 5 to 6 per cent in the annual real estate sector investments 2022 between FY08 and FY14 • Investments will need to grow at a CAGR of 12 to Housing in India varies significantly 13 per cent (unadjusted for inflation) in 2022 and can reflect the socio-economic • Prioritised rural growth resulting in uneven mix of its vast population. In the last distribution of housing development • 70 per cent of the housing needs till 2022 should decade, there has been tremendous be concentrated in nine states • Both the central and state governments are growth in the country’s housing sector, along with demographic changes, rise spending about USD5 to 6 billion annually , • Urban housing is to account for about 85 to 90 per in income, growth in the number of which is about three per cent of the current cent of the total investments; the focus should be nuclear families, and urbanisation. investments in the real estate sector, or one on affordable urban houses, which is 70 per cent per cent of its annual expenditure. of the total urban housing requirement The commitment to have housing for all by 2022 is the vision of the • About 1.7 to 2.0 lakh hectare of land is expected new government, and realising this to be required to fulfil urban housing need by dream can be a step towards building 2022. a brighter India. Before taking any action, it is critical to review the current state, identify bottlenecks, and build an Source: Report of the Technical Group on Urban Housing Shortage (2012-17), Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Rural Housing for XII effective execution strategy. Five Year Plan, Ministry of Rural Development 2011; Funding the Vision - Housing for all by 2022, KPMG in India, 2014; KPMG in India analysis Key considerations for the central government to provide an enabling framework for housing development • Absence of an effective policy framework for • Rationalize multiple fees and taxes across project Economically Weaker Section (EWS) and Lower stages which inflates construction cost by 30 to 35 Income Group (LIG) housing, which is compounded per cent with rising land cost, spiralling construction costs, and inadequate availability and reach of micro-finance • Reassessment of development norms such as measures.
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