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VESPASIAN. AD 68, Though Not a Particularly Constructive Year For
138 VESPASIAN. AD 68, though not a particularly constructive year for Nero, was to prove fertile ground for senators lion the make". Not that they were to have the time to build anything much other than to carve out a niche for themselves in the annals of history. It was not until the dust finally settled, leaving Vespasian as the last contender standing, that any major building projects were to be initiated under Imperial auspices. However, that does not mean that there is nothing in this period that is of interest to this study. Though Galba, Otho and Vitellius may have had little opportunity to indulge in any significant building activity, and probably given the length and nature of their reigns even less opportunity to consider the possibility of building for their future glory, they did however at the very least use the existing imperial buildings to their own ends, in their own ways continuing what were by now the deeply rooted traditions of the principate. Galba installed himself in what Suetonius terms the palatium (Suet. Galba. 18), which may not necessarily have been the Golden House of Nero, but was part at least of the by now agglomerated sprawl of Imperial residences in Rome that stretched from the summit of the Palatine hill across the valley where now stands the Colosseum to the slopes of the Oppian, and included the Golden House. Vitellius too is said to have used the palatium as his base in Rome (Suet. Vito 16), 139 and is shown by Suetonius to have actively allied himself with Nero's obviously still popular memory (Suet. -
Did Domitian Persecute Christians?
Did Domitian Persecute Christians? An Investigation Arthur M. Ogden Ferrell Jenkins Internet Edition jointly published by Ogden’s Biblical Resources and BibleWorld by Ferrell Jenkins March, 1999 Did Domitian Persecute Christians? — An Investigation Preface Did the Roman emperor Domitian (A.D. 81 – 96) persecute Chris- tians? The answer has some bearing on the date of writing of the book of Revelation. This, in turn, has a direct bearing on the interpretation of the Apocalypse. To answer the question requires an investigation of many ancient sources. Arthur M. Ogden and Ferrell Jenkins have examined these materials, but have reached different conclusions. You now have the opportunity to study their findings and proceed with your own investigation. Arthur Ogden published a small tract, The Domitian Persecution,in which he stated that he had changed his mind about the persecution. Earlier he had thought that Domitian had persecuted Christians, but, on the basis of further study, had changed his mind. Connie W. Ad- ams, editor of Searching the Scriptures, suggested an exchange on the issue between Arthur Ogden and Ferrell Jenkins to be published in his paper. The articles appeared in the June and July, 1989 (Volume XXX, Numbers 6 and 7), issues of that journal. The articles are pub- lished in this form with the kind permission of the editor. Arthur Ogden and Ferrell Jenkins have been friends since college days at Florida Christian College (now Florida College) in the early 1950’s. Both men have devoted a considerable amount of time and study to the book of Revelation. Arthur M. Ogden preaches for the Southside Church of Christ, in Somerset, Kentucky. -
The Synton and Kippilaw Denarius Hoards | 133
Proc Soc Antiq Scot 144 (2014), 133–167 THE SYNTON AND KIPPILAW DENARIUS HOARDS | 133 The Synton and Kippilaw denarius hoards: further numismatic evidence for late Antonine and Severan Scotland N M McQ Holmes* ABSTRACT The recent discovery of two coin hoards – one from the reign of Commodus and the other from that of Septimius Severus – provides an opportunity for a reassessment of the numismatic evidence for events in what is now Scotland between the abandonment of the Antonine Wall and the period immediately following the conclusion of the campaigns of Severus. It is generally agreed by those who study Roman there, will be discussed below. There were also, Britain that the final withdrawal of the army from of course, a series of temporary marching camps the Antonine Wall occurred in the early 160s extending almost to the Moray Firth, but few if ad, although recent research indicates that the any coin finds are known which could assist with decision to reoccupy Hadrian’s Wall was reached their dating. during the latter part of the reign of Antoninus There was thus a period of some 45 years Pius (Hodgson 2011). It is also generally accepted between the abandonment of the Antonine Wall now that the system put in place at that time for and the arrival of Septimius Severus and his two the supervision of areas beyond the frontier sons in Scotland in ad 208, as attested by Roman was essentially that which had, at one time, historians (Cassius Dio, Roman History: 76.11.1; been ascribed by scholars to Caracalla after ad Herodian, History of Rome: 3.14.1–2), during 211 (Hanson & Maxwell 1983: 194; Breeze at least part of which we know that there was a & Dobson 2000: 132–3). -
Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire
EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR BOUNDARY DISPUTES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE by Thomas Elliott A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2004 Approved by _____________________________________ Advisor: Professor Richard Talbert _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Jerzy Linderski _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Mary Boatwright _____________________________________ Reader: Professor George Houston _____________________________________ Reader: Professor Melissa Bullard ii This page intentionally left blank. iii © 2004 Thomas Elliott ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iv This page intentionally left blank. v ABSTRACT THOMAS ELLIOTT: Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire (Under the direction of Richard Talbert) This dissertation presents all published Greek and Latin epigraphic documents relating to internal boundary disputes of the Roman empire. In date, it spans the period from 2 BC to the third century AD. Spatially, the documents derive from 12 provinces ( Achaia, Africa, Asia, Baetica, Cilicia, Creta et Cyrene, Dalmatia, Iudaea, Lusitania, Macedonia, Moesia and Syria ), plus Italy. The presentation of each includes a text, English translation, bibliography and commentary. Analytical chapters expand upon recent published work by G. Burton and B. Campbell. Terminological analysis permits classification of epigraphic and literary evidence into five categories: boundary disputes, restoration of public and sacred lands, other land disputes, the assignment of boundaries and other authoritative demarcations involving Roman officials. The analysis also provides a more focused definition of several Latin and Greek words that indicate the delivery of a verdict by a Roman official ( decretum, sententia, iudicium, ἀποφάσις, κρίσις, ἐπικρίμα ). -
War and Society in the Roman World
Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society Volume 5 WAR AND SOCIETY IN THE ROMAN WORLD WAR AND SOCIETY IN THE ROMAN WORLD Edited by JOHN RICH and GRAHAM SHIPLEY London and New York First published 1993 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1993 John Rich, Graham Shipley and individual contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data War and society in the Roman world/edited by John Rich and Graham Shipley. p. cm.—(Leicester-Nottingham studies in ancient society; v. 5) Selected, revised versions of papers from a series of seminars sponsored by the Classics Departments of Leicester and Nottingham Universities, 1988–1990. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Military art and science—Rome—History. 2. Rome—History, Military. 3. Sociology, Military—Rome—History. I. Rich, John. II. Shipley, Graham. III. Series. U35.W34 1993 355′.00937–dc20 92–36698 ISBN 0-203-07554-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-22120-6 -
Cults and Religious Integration in the Roman Cities of the Drava Valley (Southern Pannonia)
CULTS AND RELIGIOUS INTEGRATION IN THE ROMAN CITIES OF THE DRAVA VALLEY (SOUTHERN PANNONIA) BY BLANKA MIŠIĆ A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS AND PHILOSOPHY ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON JANUARY 2013 1 DECLARATION OF AUTORSHIP I, Blanka Mišić, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Signed: ______________________ Dated: _______________________ 2 For my dearest parents. 3 ABSTRACT This work is a detailed examination of pagan cults and deities in three settlements along the Pannonian section of the Drava river (Aquae Iasae – modern Varaždinske Toplice; Iovia- Botivo – modern Ludbreg; and Mursa – modern Osijek) situated within the present-day territory of Croatia. The evidence examined consists primarily of inscribed votive dedications in stone, dating from the Roman conquest of Pannonia to the late third century A.D. Evidence is examined within the theoretical framework of cultural change, taking into account recent theoretical developments in the concepts of “Romanisation”, acculturation, identity- expression and syncretisation in order to determine the extent of cultural and religious integration along the Drava. A thorough examination of evidence reveals the emergence of differing and flexible religious identities specific to each settlement although united by the larger prevailing trend of nature-divinity worship. Our Drava evidence also reveals that economic, social, political and geographic factors all produced an impact on the process and extent of cultural and religious integration, thus helping to form local, regional, provincial and imperial expressions of identity(ies). 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS………………………………………......07 2. -
Numbers 1 to 100
Numbers 1 to 100 PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 02:36:24 UTC Contents Articles −1 (number) 1 0 (number) 3 1 (number) 12 2 (number) 17 3 (number) 23 4 (number) 32 5 (number) 42 6 (number) 50 7 (number) 58 8 (number) 73 9 (number) 77 10 (number) 82 11 (number) 88 12 (number) 94 13 (number) 102 14 (number) 107 15 (number) 111 16 (number) 114 17 (number) 118 18 (number) 124 19 (number) 127 20 (number) 132 21 (number) 136 22 (number) 140 23 (number) 144 24 (number) 148 25 (number) 152 26 (number) 155 27 (number) 158 28 (number) 162 29 (number) 165 30 (number) 168 31 (number) 172 32 (number) 175 33 (number) 179 34 (number) 182 35 (number) 185 36 (number) 188 37 (number) 191 38 (number) 193 39 (number) 196 40 (number) 199 41 (number) 204 42 (number) 207 43 (number) 214 44 (number) 217 45 (number) 220 46 (number) 222 47 (number) 225 48 (number) 229 49 (number) 232 50 (number) 235 51 (number) 238 52 (number) 241 53 (number) 243 54 (number) 246 55 (number) 248 56 (number) 251 57 (number) 255 58 (number) 258 59 (number) 260 60 (number) 263 61 (number) 267 62 (number) 270 63 (number) 272 64 (number) 274 66 (number) 277 67 (number) 280 68 (number) 282 69 (number) 284 70 (number) 286 71 (number) 289 72 (number) 292 73 (number) 296 74 (number) 298 75 (number) 301 77 (number) 302 78 (number) 305 79 (number) 307 80 (number) 309 81 (number) 311 82 (number) 313 83 (number) 315 84 (number) 318 85 (number) 320 86 (number) 323 87 (number) 326 88 (number) -
Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections Ashmolean Museum Oxford Christopher De Lisle
Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections Ashmolean Museum Oxford Christopher de Lisle AIUK VOLUME ASHMOLEAN 11 MUSEUM 2020 AIUK Volume 11 Published 2020 AIUK is an AIO Papers series ISSN 2054-6769 (Print) ISSN 2054-6777 (Online) Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections is an open access AIUK publication, which means that all content is available without Attic Inscriptions charge to the user or his/her institution. You are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the in UK Collections full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from either the publisher or the author. C b n a This paper is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence. Original copyright remains with the contributing author and a citation should be made when the article is quoted, used or referred to in another work. This paper is part of a systematic publication of all the Attic inscriptions in UK collections by Attic Inscriptions Online as part of a research project supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC): AH/P015069/1. PRINCIPAL PROJECT AIO ADVISORY INVESTIGATOR TEAM BOARD Stephen Lambert Peter Liddel Josine Blok Polly Low Peter Liddel Robert Pitt Polly Low Finlay McCourt Angelos P. Matthaiou Irene Vagionakis S. Douglas Olson P.J. Rhodes For further information see atticinscriptions.com Contents CONTENTS Contents i Preface ii Abbreviations iv 1. The Collection of Attic Inscriptions in the Ashmolean Museum xiii 2. The Inscriptions: A Decree, a Calendar of Sacrifices, and a Dedication 9 1. Proxeny Decree for Straton, King of the Sidonians 9 2. -
The Language of Roman Adultery
THE LANGUAGE OF ROMAN ADULTERY A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2012 JESSICA E. DIXON SCHOOL OF ARTS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Contents CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... 5 DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................................. 6 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................... 9 1.1) LAW AND SOCIETY ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2) MORAL REFORM ...................................................................................................................................... -
1 A. Grain, Flour and Bread Grain 1. Plin. NH 18. 15 1 Modius of Grain
1 I. FOODSTUFFS AND MEALS A. Grain, Flour and Bread Grain 1. Plin. NH 18. 15 1 modius of grain (456 BC) (Rome, subsidised) As 1 2. Liv. 4. 16. 2; 1 modius of grain Plin. NH 18. 15 (Rome, subsidised) As 1 (439 BC) 3. Dion. Hal. 12. 1. 2 1 modius of grain (Rome): (439 BC) - subsidised (during famine) Dr 2 - instead of Dr 12 4. Plin. NH 18. 16 1 modius of grain 345 BC (Rome, subsidised) As 1 5. Pol. 9. 11a. 4 1 Sicilian medimnos of grain 210 BC (Rome, during wartime scarcity) Dr 15 6. Liv. 31. 4. 6 1 modius of grain 201 BC (Rome, subsidised) As 4 7. Liv. 31. 50. 1 1 modius of grain 200 BC (Rome, subsidised) As 2 8. Liv. 33. 42. 8 1 modius of grain 196 BC (Rome, subsidised) As 2 9. Plin. NH 18. 17 1 modius of grain 150 BC (Rome, glut) As 1 10. Pol. 2. 15. 1 1 Sicilian medimnos of wheat Ob 4 mid-2nd c. BC 1 Sicilian medimnos of barley Ob 2 (North Italy) 2 11. Pol. 34. 8. 7 1 Sicilian medimnos of wheat Ob 9 mid-2nd c. BC 1 Sicilian medimnos of barley Dr 1 (Lusitania) 12. Lucil. sat. 15. 9 (Charpin) 1 'first' modius (?) of grain As 1/2 = 15. 500 (Marx) 1 'second' modius (?) of grain n(HS) 1 2nd half 2nd c. BC 13. Cic. Sest. 55; 1 modius of grain Liv. epit. 60; (Rome, subsidised) As 61/3 Ascon. Pis. 8. 15 f. -
On the Cusp of an Era
On the Cusp of an Era BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd i 16-3-2007 14:55:12 Brill’s Inner Asian Library Editors Nicola di Cosmo Devin Deweese Caroline Humphrey VOLUME 18 BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd ii 16-3-2007 14:55:12 On the Cusp of an Era Art in the Pre-KuߧÖa World Edited by Doris Meth Srinivasan LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd iii 16-3-2007 14:55:13 On the cover: Lavender Flowers near Maimana. © Luke Powell This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISSN 1566-7162 ISBN 978 90 04 15451 3 © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands BIAL-18-srinivasan_CS2.indd iv 16-3-2007 14:55:13 CONTENTS Chapter One Pre-Kußà»a Art: A New Concept ................ 1 Doris Meth Srinivasan Chapter Two Pathways Between Gandhàra and North India during Second Century B.C.–Second Century A.D. ........................................................................ 29 Saifur Rahman Dar Chapter Three Passages to India: •aka and Kußà»a Migrations in Historical Contexts ....................................... -
Evaluations of Cultural Properties
WHC-99/CONF.209/INF.7 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 23rd ordinary session (29 November - 4 December 1999) Marrakesh (Morocco) EVALUATIONS OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES Prepared by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) The IUCN and ICOMOS evaluations are made available to members of the Bureau and the World Heritage Committee. A small number of additional copies are also available from the secretariat. Thank you. 1999 Category of property Mount Wuyi (China) In terms of the categories of cultural property set out in Article 1 of the 1972 World Heritage Convention, this is a site. No 911 History and Description History The earliest human occupation in the Mount Wuyi Identification region antedates the Xia Dynasty (late 3rd millennium BC). During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (16th to 3rd Nomination Mount Wuyi centuries BC) it came within the region of minority aboriginal tribes. During the Qin Dynasty (late 3rd Location Wuyishan City, Fujian Province century BC) there was considerable migration of tribal groups into the region. State Party People’s Republic of China With the consolidation of the Chinese Empire by the Han Dynasty (late 3rd century BC to early 3rd century Date 30 June 1998 AD) Wuyi was fully incorporated into the state system, its ruler becoming a vassal of the Han Emperor. A large town was built nearby in the 1st century BC, which served as the capital and administrative centre of the region. Note This property is nominated under both natural and It was at this time that Mount Wuyi (Wuyishan) cultural criteria as a mixed site.