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Demographic Analysis of the Fitness of Problepsis superans (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Feeding on Three Ligustrum (Lamiales: Oleaceae) Species Author(s): Liang-Xiong Hu, Ye Chen, Zheng-Sheng He, Zhi-Wen Zou, and Bin Xia Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(3):1045-1054. 2014. Published By: Entomological Society of America URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/EC13468 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR Demographic Analysis of the Fitness of Problepsis superans (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Feeding on Three Ligustrum (Lamiales: Oleaceae) Species 1,2 2 2 1 1,3 LIANG-XIONG HU, YE CHEN, ZHENG-SHENG HE, ZHI-WEN ZOU, AND BIN XIA J. Econ. Entomol. 107(3): 1045Ð1054 (2014); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC13468 ABSTRACT Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the effects of three ligustrum species, Ligus- trum ϫ vicaryi Hort., Ligustrum quihoui Carrie`re, and Ligustrum lucidum Aiton, on the Þtness of Problepsis superans (Butler, 1885) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were assayed by considering life table parameters of P. superans at 27 Ϯ 1ЊC, 70 Ϯ 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The means and SEs of population parameters were calculated using the jackknife and bootstrap methods. The total developmental time of larval stage of P. superans on L. ϫ vicaryi was signiÞcantly shorter than that on L. ϫ vicaryi and L. quihoui, whereas higher fecundity was observed on L. ϫ vicaryi. The highest value of the Þnite rate of increase was observed on L. ϫ vicaryi. The intrinsic rate of increase of P. superansonL. ϫ vicaryi, L. quihoui, and L. lucidum, was 0.147 Ϯ 0.004, 0.130 Ϯ 0.004, and 0.112 Ϯ 0.005, respectively, which differed signiÞcantly among the three ligustrum species. The net reproductive rate varied from 122.8 Ϯ 24.7 female offspring on L. lucidum to 242.2 Ϯ 36.2 female offspring on L. ϫ vicaryi. The lowest mean generation time was observed on L. ϫ vicaryi. The gross reproductive rate of P. superans on the three ligustrum species did not signiÞcantly differ. Based on growth and population parameters, the suitability of the three ligustrum species to P. superans is ranked from high to low in the order as L. ϫ vicaryi, L. quihoui, and L. lucidum. KEY WORDS Ligustrum ϫ vicaryi, Ligustrum quihoui, Ligustrum lucidum, life table Ligustrum ϫ vicaryi Hort. with chlorophyll-less gold- southern Russia, and China (Fang 2003). There is little en-color leaves on the upper canopy, is a hybrid of information available on the biology, host plants, and Californian Ligustrum ovalifolium Hasskarl variety au- life history of P. superans. reo-marginatum and Ligustrum vulgare L., and is The effects of host cultivars on the biology of insects widely used as a landscape shrub for horticultural are important in understanding host suitability of ornamentation in China (Yuan et al. 2010). Ligustrum plant-infesting insect species (Xue et al. 2010). Life quihoui Carrie`re (waxy leaf privet) is a shrubby, table studies are fundamental to population ecology. semievergreen to evergreen privet, and used for A life table gives the most complete description of the hedgerow plant for urban road and residential area survivorship, development, stage differentiation, and greening in China (Zhu and Li 2004). The two plants reproduction of a population and provides basic data are often arranged simultaneously for colored vege- on population growth parameters (Gabre et al. 2005). tation landscaping. Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton, an Among the life table parameters, the intrinsic rate evergreen shrub or small tree that belongs to the genus of increase (r) is a key demographic parameter useful Ligustrum L. in Oleaceae, is a precious Kudingcha for predicting the growth potential of an insect pop- beverage plant and medicinal plant, with a variety of ulation under a given environmental condition (Rick- medicinal values (Shi et al. 1998). These three ligus- trum species are widely applied to urban greening lefs and Miller 1999, Southwood and Henderson 2000). with the development of cities and towns in China The value of r has also been commonly used to eval- (Zhu and Li 2004, Cai 2009). uate the level of plant resistance to insects (Ruggle Problepsis superans (Butler, 1885) (Lepidoptera: and Gutierrez 1995, Razmjou et al. 2006). Host plants Geometridae) is a defoliator pest of the garden plant displaying higher values of r are relatively more sus- L. quihoui (Wu et al. 2011). P. superans is found in ceptible than plants with lower values of r. Knowledge Japan (Fang 2003, Sihvonen 2005), North Korea, of cultivar susceptibility or resistance and the life table parameters of a pest might be fundamental compo- 1 Department of Biological Science, Nanchang University; Nan- nents of an integrated pest management program for chang, Jiangxi 330031, China. any crops. Such information can contribute to detect 2 College of life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China. and monitor pest infestations, cultivar selection, and 3 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. crop breeding (Toapanta et al. 2005, Razmjou et al. 0022-0493/14/1045Ð1054$04.00/0 ᭧ 2014 Entomological Society of America 1046 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Vol. 107, no. 3 2006, Zare et al. 2013). However, no such studies were were replaced with fresh ones every day at the same time conducted for P. superans on different host plants. throughout the duration of larval development. Devel- Most of the traditional female age-speciÞc life ta- opmental periods, mortality of eggs, larval growth, pu- bles, e.g., the LewisÐLeslie matrix (Lewis 1942, Leslie pation duration, and emergence rate were recorded 1945, Birch 1948), ignore the male population and the daily, and larval instars were identiÞed based on the variable developmental rates among individuals and remains of head capsules. stage differentiation. However, most economic insect Adults Rearing. After emergence of new-born pests are sexual, and both sexes may cause economical adults, a pair of P. superans male and female was loss. Moreover, developmental rates often differ be- transferred to a 1,000-ml transparent plastic bowl with tween the sexes and among individuals (Istock 1981). thin mesh holes at the top of the cover for aeration To consider both sexes and variable development at the above-mentioned conditions. The oviposition rates among individuals, Chi and Liu (1985) devel- container was daily provided with a 10% honey water oped an age-stage, two-sex life table theory. This life solution on an absorbent cotton ball for feeding and table theory takes the stage differentiation and male fresh leaves of each host plant for oviposition until the population into consideration. The age-stage, two- female adult died. In the case of early death of females, sex life table theory has been applied to insect and the single male was also provided daily with 10% mite species by a number of researchers (Abou Zied honey solution until death. Preoviposition, oviposition et al. 2003, Gabre et al. 2005, Kavousi et al. 2009, Hu periods, and adult duration were also recorded. The et al. 2010, Farhadi et al. 2011, Huang et al. 2012, eggs laid daily were recorded and transferred into a Jin et al. 2012, Ravuiwasa et al. 2012, Azimi et al. plastic cup (50 ml) with a Þne writing brush. 2013, Yu et al. 2013, Zare et al. 2013). Life Table Study. The raw life history data on all The objective of this study was to obtain a prelim- individuals of P. superans were analyzed according inary understanding of the suitability of the three to the age-stage, two-sex life table (Chi and Liu ligustrum species as host plants to P. superans by con- 1985) and the method described by Chi (1988). For sidering life table parameters and the main biological the tedious and complicated calculations involved characteristics of the pest. This information will be in the analyses of raw data and the life table, the user- necessary for the development of a control program friendly computer program TWOSEX-MSChart was for P. superans on the three ligustrum species. used to estimate parameters (Chi 2012). This program is available at http://140.120.197.173/Ecology/Download/ Materials and Methods Twosex.rar and http://www.znu.ac.ir/agriculture/ pages/plantprotection/software/index.htm. The follow- ϫ Plants. Plants used in this study were L. vicaryi ing parameters were calculated: age-stage-speciÞc sur- (also named the golden leaf ligustrum), L. quihoui, and vival rate (s , where x is the age and j is the stage), L. lucidum. Host plants were planted in the gardening xj age-stage-speciÞc fecundity (fxj), age-speciÞc survival base located in the College of Life Science of Jiujiang rate (l ), age-speciÞc fecundity (m ), age-stage life ex- University, Jiujiang, China. During the experiments, x x pectancy (exj), and reproductive value (vxj), adult all plants were irrigated at the same time and no preoviposition period (APOP) of female, and total fertilizers or pesticides were used.
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    Impacts of Native and Non-native plants on Urban Insect Communities: Are Native Plants Better than Non-natives? by Carl Scott Clem A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama December 12, 2015 Key Words: native plants, non-native plants, caterpillars, natural enemies, associational interactions, congeneric plants Copyright 2015 by Carl Scott Clem Approved by David Held, Chair, Associate Professor: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Charles Ray, Research Fellow: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Debbie Folkerts, Assistant Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Robert Boyd, Professor: Department of Biological Sciences Abstract With continued suburban expansion in the southeastern United States, it is increasingly important to understand urbanization and its impacts on sustainability and natural ecosystems. Expansion of suburbia is often coupled with replacement of native plants by alien ornamental plants such as crepe myrtle, Bradford pear, and Japanese maple. Two projects were conducted for this thesis. The purpose of the first project (Chapter 2) was to conduct an analysis of existing larval Lepidoptera and Symphyta hostplant records in the southeastern United States, comparing their species richness on common native and alien woody plants. We found that, in most cases, native plants support more species of eruciform larvae compared to aliens. Alien congener plant species (those in the same genus as native species) supported more species of larvae than alien, non-congeners. Most of the larvae that feed on alien plants are generalist species. However, most of the specialist species feeding on alien plants use congeners of native plants, providing evidence of a spillover, or false spillover, effect.
  • WLGF Pollinator Planting List

    WLGF Pollinator Planting List

    Suggested Plant List for Pollinators, September 2014 This list has been produced by Jan Miller on behalf of the North Wales Wildlife Trust and Marc Carlton on behalf of the Wildlife Gardening Forum, at the request of the Welsh Government’s Pollinator Task Force. The authors recognise that producing planting lists for pollinators is not a straightforward exercise. There are still many areas where further research is required in order to improve our understanding of the needs of pollinating insects and the best planting schemes to cater for them. One of the Wildlife Gardening Forum’s aims is to promote more evidence-based research to increase our knowledge and understanding of this subject. This list is based on the compilers’ personal experience over many years as gardeners and naturalists, and incorporates Jan’s work investigating plants for butterflies on behalf of Butterfly Conservation and uses their data sent in by members over twenty years. The list includes a selection of forage plants useful for adult butterflies, moths, hoverflies, bumblebees and solitary bees, which together make up the vast majority of pollinators in Wales. Plants recommended as larval food plants for butterflies and some moths have also been included. Specialised lists of flowers that are recommended as forage for honeybees have been published for many years within the beekeeping community and so we have not specifically covered honeybees in our list, although many of the flowers on our list will be used by honeybees. The list is in two parts. The first part is a list of suggested garden plants. We have only selected flowers which are garden-worthy, easily obtainable, well-known, and widely acknowledged as being attractive to pollinating insects.
  • Zeitschrift Der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft

    Zeitschrift Der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft Jahr/Year: 1957 Band/Volume: 42 Autor(en)/Author(s): Reisser Hans Artikel/Article: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sterrhinae (Lep., Geom.). III. Über Problepsis ocellata Friv. und ihre ersten Stände. 161-172 ©Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Beilage: Tafel 13 ZEITSCHRIFT DER WIENER ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT 42. Jahrg. (68. Band) 15. November 1957 Nr. 11 Mitgliedsbeitrag, zugleich Bezugsgeld für die Zeitschrift: Österreich: vierteljährlich S I2"50, Studenten jährlich S 10"—. Zahlungen nur auf Postsparkassenkonto Nr. 58.792, Wiener Entomologische Gesellschaft. Westdeutschland vierteljährlich DM 4"—, Über- weisung auf Postscheckkonto München 150, Deutsche Bank, Filiale München, „für beschränkt konvertierbares DM-Konto Nr. 18491/V, Wiener Ent. ües." Sonstiges Ausland nur Jahresbezug S 100—, bzw. England Pfund Sterling 1.15.0, Schweiz, frs. 16.—, Vereinigte Staaten USA Dollar 5 —. Einzelne Nummern werden nach Maßgabe des Restvorrates zum Preise von S 4-— für Inländer bzw. S 8'— für Ausländer zuzüglich Porto abgegeben. Zuschriften (Anfragen mit Rückporto) und Bibliothekssendungen an die Geschäftsstelle Wien I, Getreidemarkt 2 (Kanzlei Dr. 0. Hanßlmar). Manuskripte, Besprechungsexemplare und Versandanfragen an den Schriftleiter Hans Reisser, Wien I, Rathausstraße 11. — Die Autoren erhalten 50 Separata kostenlos, weitere gegen Kostenersatz. Inhalt: Reisser: Sterrhinae III. Über Problepsis ocellata Friv. S. 161. — Kasy: Stenodes coenosana (Mn.) synonym zu „Semasia" obliquana (Ev.) (Schluß) (Taf. 13). S. 172. — Literaturreferat. S. 179. — Berichtigung zu Sieder: Solenobia, 5. Vor- arbeit. S. 180. — Mitteilung. S. 180. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sterrhinae (Lep. Geom.) III.1) Über Problepsis ocellata Friv.