Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Report of the Committee on Larry Mars, MP Associates, Inc., CA [M] (Alt. to David J. Pier) Mark C. Orellana, Penn Township, Indiana Fire Department, IN [E] Pyrotechnics (Alt. to Jose R. Colon) Brennan S. Phillips, US Department of Justice, WA [E] James K. Lathrop, Chair (Alt. to David S. Shatzer) Koffel Associates, Inc., CT [SE] Bill Stine, Quest Aerospace, A Division of Toy Biz, Inc., AZ [M] (Alt. to Dane Boles) Kenneth L. Kosanke, Secretary Tad A. Trout, American Promotional Events, Inc., CA [U] PyroLabs, Incorporated, CO [SE] (Alt. to W. G. Bulifant) Gerald D. Ward, Bethany Fire & Protection District, IL [E] (Alt. to Dean Westcott) Dane Boles, Quest Aerospace, AZ [M] Charles P. Weeth, Weeth & Associates, LLC, WI [SE] Richard Bowes, Canadian Explosives Research Lab/CANMET, Canada [RT] (Alt. to Gerald R. Laib) W. G. Bulifant, III, Dominion Fireworks, Inc., VA [U] William A. Weimer, B. J. Alan Company, OH [M] Jose R. Colon, Connecticut Department of Public Safety, CT [E] (Alt. to Lawrence Weinman) Rep. International Fire Marshals Association John A. Conkling, Chestertown, MD [SE] Nonvoting Randall W. A. Davidson, Risk International & Associates, CA [SE] Vernon Estes, Canon City, CO [SE] Joseph A. Domanico, US Department of the Army, MD [RT] Gary A. Fadorsen, Pyrotech International Inc., OH [IM] Rosemary Veigel Cooper, US Department of Labor, IL [E] Felix J. (Phil) Grucci, Fireworks by Grucci, Inc., NY [M] Rep. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Garry Hanson, Precocious Pyrotechnics, Inc., MN [M] Gary Zeller, Zeller International, NY Rep. National Fireworks Association Julie L. Heckman, American Pyrotechnics Association, MD [M] Staff Liaison: Guy R. Colonna Lansden E. Hill, Jr., E. E. Hill & Son, Inc./Pyro Shows, TN [U] Robert J. James, City of Bloomington, MN [E] Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for Rep. Fire Prevention Code Committee documents on the manufacture, transportation, and storage of consumer and Bruce E. Kelly, Orem, UT [U] display fireworks, pyrotechnic special effects, and model and high power Rep. Tripoli Rocketry Association, Inc. rocket motors. This Committee shall have primary responsibility for the use of John Kitchens, City of Los Angeles Fire Department, CA [E] display fireworks and for model and high power rocket motors. The Committee Gerald R. Laib, US Department of the Navy, MD [SE] shall have primary responsibility for documents on the wholesale and retail Peter M. Lamb, Town of Newport Fire-EMS, NH [E] sale and storage of consumer fireworks. J. Patrick Miller, Hardin-Simmons University, TX [U] Rep. National Association of Rocketry The Committee does not have responsibility for documents on the use of David J. Pier, MP Associates, Inc., CA [M] consumer fireworks by the general public; on the use of pyrotechnic special Michael W. Platt, High Power Rocket Manufacturing Dealers Association, WV effects before a proximate audience; on the manufacture, transportation, storage [M] for use of military, automotive, agricultural, and industrial pyrotechnics. Mary Roberts, Estes Industries, CO [M] Gary C. Rosenfield, Industrial Solid Propulsion Inc., NV [M] This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on David S. Shatzer, US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms, DC [E] the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have James R. Souza, Pyro Spectaculars, Inc., CA [U] occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book. John R. Steinberg, Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc., MD [U] Lawrence Weinman, Luna Tech/Schneier-Weinman Consultants, AL [M] The Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics is presenting two Reports for Dan Westcott, Gadsden Fire Department, AL [E] adoption, as follows: Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Report I: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, a complete Alternates revision to NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display 2000 edition. NFPA 1123 is published in Volume 10 of the 2003 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. Arthur H. Barber, III, Springfield, VA [SE] (Alt. to Vernon Estes) NFPA 1123 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee Scott Bartel, Black Sky Research, CA [U] on Pyrotechnics, which consists of 29 voting members. The results of the (Alt. to Bruce E. Kelly) balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. Gary E. Brown, Pyro Spectaculars, Inc., CA [U] (Alt. to James R. Souza) Report II: The Technical Committee proposes for adoption, a complete Fireworks and Stage FX America, Inc., CA [M] Kevin T. Brueckner, revision to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, (Alt. to Garry Hanson) and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, 2003 edition. First Chicago Capital Markets, IL [U] Mark B. Bundick, NFPA 1124 is published in Volume 10 of the 2003 National Fire Codes and in (Alt. to J. Patrick Miller) separate pamphlet form. Steve A. Coman, RES Specialty Pyrotechnics Inc., MN [U] (Alt. to John R. Steinberg) NFPA 1124 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee Canadian Explosives Research Lab/CANMET, Canada Ettore Contestabile, on Pyrotechnics, which consists of 29 voting members. The results of the [RT] balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. (Alt. to Richard Bowes) H. Stephen Frantz, Western Enterprises, Inc., OK [U] (Alt. to Lansden E. Hill) Felix J. Grucci, Jr., Fireworks by Grucci, Inc., NY [M] (Alt. to Felix J. (Phil) Grucci) Alfred J. Hogan, Reedy Creek Improvement District, FL [E] (Alt. to Peter M. Lamb)

1124-1 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle 1124-1 Log# 5 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Create a new 1124A which is an extract document taken from existing Chapters (Entire Document) 6 and 7 plus the administrative, definition and annex material as appropriate. ______The annex material includes Annex A information corresponding to Chapters 1, Submitter : Karin Rountree, Roseanne Gullo, Ampco Safety Tools , Ampco 3, and 6 and 7, Annex C, and Annex F. Safety Tools Committee Statement: This action would accomplish the intent of the sub- Recommendation: Anywhere ignition sources are a concern, please include as mitter while preserving the content of the original code. The Committee a requirement: acknowledges the need for such a document in order to separate the distribu- Non-Sparking Tools are required where hazardous, combustible or flammable tion (warehousing and shipping) and sales from the manufacture, transportation gases, liquids, dusts, or residues are present. and storage provisions of the code. Creating the two documents would benefit Substantiation: Ordinary hand tools are usually made of steel and if struck, the users as well as the enforcers. scraped, or dropped, can cause sparks which can be disastrous in an explosive Number Eligible to Vote: 29 environment. Non-Sparking Tools eliminate this hazard, however, standards Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 regarding their application are incomplete, inconsistent and in some cases inac- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, curate. ROBERTS We feel prevention is one of the most effective means of ensuring safety. If we ______can prevent an accident and save someoneʼs life and business, if we can imple- 1124-4 Log# 35 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject ment standards and codes to educate and inform before an accident happens, (Entire Document) then we should make the necessary standards and codes to solve the problem. ______The standards and recommended practices developed by NFPA are designed to Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. improve overall safety and protection of property and personnel. Implementing Recommendation: Revise all references to “Aerial Shells” to Aerial Shells, a Non-Sparking Tools requirement wherever an ignition source is a concern Mines and Comets; and “Shells” to Shells, Mines and Comets; and “Aerial would reduce the risk of fire and explosion where hazardous conditions are Salutes” to Salutes as needed. present. Example: 3.3.66.1 Bulk Salutes. A collection of salutes or salute components Non-Sparking Tools are recommended by Safety Engineers and Insurance containing more than 2 lb (0.9 kg) of salute powder, unless the salutes are Companies and meet OSHA and EPA requirements where hazardous, combus- mixed with other types of aerial shells, mines and comets so that the total tible or flammable gases, liquids, dusts and residues are present. Non-Sparking quantity of salutes to other types of shells is less than 50 percent in a single Tools should be used when storing, processing, handling hazardous materials as magazine well as maintenance and repair operations within hazardous environments. All Substantiation: Accuracy. Quantities of aerial fireworks often include Aerial it takes is just one spark to cause an explosion. Mines and Comets, not just Aerial Shells. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Statement: No specific recommendation was provided by the Committee Statement: The submitter did not provide the specific locations submitter as to the actual language for the proposed change and no technical within the text where this would be applied in the code; this change might not justification was provided that demonstrates the performance of such tools in be appropriate throughout the code due to changes being made. Without know- the applications within this code. The Committee also notes that existing 4.17.6 ing the specific text locations, the impact of the changes overall cannot be eval- contains requirements addressing non-sparking tool usage. uated at this time. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ROBERTS ROBERTS ______1124-2 Log# 30 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle ______(Entire Document) 1124-5 Log# CP1 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept ______(Entire Document) Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. ______Recommendation: Revise all references to the term “prepackaged”” to “pack- Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics aged”. Recommendation: The Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics proposes a Substantiation: Clarity. There is no such thing as “prepackaged”. Packaged is complete revision to NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufacture, Transportation, conditional status. An item(s) is in the process of being packaged, packaged in Storage and Retail Sales of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles, as shown at the the process of being removed from a package, or not packaged. end of this report. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Substantiation: The code was revised to comply to the NFPA Manual of The proposed change is applicable in paragraph 7.10.4.1, while other sections Style. Additionally, proposals with affirmative actions were incorporated into of the code have previously been identified in an errata to the code. this complete revision of the document. 7.10.4.1 A consumer fireworks device shall also be considered as having a cov- Committee Meeting Action: Accept ered fuse if the fireworks device is contained within a prepackaged packaged Number Eligible to Vote: 29 arrangement, container, or wrapper that is arranged and configured, such that Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 the fuse of the fireworks device cannot be touched directly by a person han- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, dling the fireworks without the person having to puncture or tear the packaging ROBERTS or wrapper, unseal or break open a package or container, or otherwise damage or destruct the packaging material, wrapping, or container within which the ______fireworks are contained. 1124-6 Log# CP12 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Committee Statement: The Committee accomplished the intent of the sub- (Entire Document) mitter through a previously issued errata and in the one remaining place where ______the term “prepackaged” is still found in the code. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Recommendation: Capitalize “black powder” throughout the document wher- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 ever used - it should now read “Black Powder.” Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: This editorial change corrects this commonly used term in the ROBERTS code. Committee Meeting Action: Accept ______Number Eligible to Vote: 29 1124-3 Log# 31 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 (Entire Document) Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ______ROBERTS Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Recommendation: Remove Chapters 6 and 7 and all corresponding scope, ______purposes, definitions and annex material, create a new document NFPA 1121, 1124-7 Log# CP17 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Code for the Distribution and Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks , revise (Entire Document) NFPA 1124 to Code for the Manufacture, Transportation and Storage of ______Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles and update the scope, purposes, definitions Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics and annex material accordingly. Recommendation: Revise so that all units of measure in document are con- Substantiation: The issues of distributing and retailing consumer fireworks verted to inch/pound units with SI units in parentheses. are important and deserve their own separate document. The existing document Substantiation: The Committee proposes to revise the units hierarchy in the was never intended or expected to address these activities and combining these code to reflect the practical use in industry, which is inch/pound units as the non-ATF regulated activities with ATF regulated activities has created confu- primary unit of measure. Metric conversions will be shown as the secondary sion. unit in parentheses. 1124-2 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Committee Meeting Action: Accept Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ROBERTS Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 ______Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 1124-12 Log# 9 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept ROBERTS (1.3.2.5) ______1124-8 Log# 6 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American (1.1) Pyrotechnics Association ______Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American 1.3.2.5 Chapter 8. Chapter 8 shall apply to the transportation on public high- Pyrotechnics Association ways of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing Recommendation: Only revise Item (4) of Section 1.1 as follows: pyrotechnic or explosive compositions or explosive materials. 1.1 Scope. This code regulates the construction, use, and maintenance of Substantiation: Editorial clarification. buildings and facilities for the following: Committee Meeting Action: Accept (4) The transportation on public highways of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, Number Eligible to Vote: 29 and components thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials on pub- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 lic highways . Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: Editorial clarification. ROBERTS Committee Meeting Action: Accept ______Number Eligible to Vote: 29 1124-13 Log# 10 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 (1.3.10) Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ______ROBERTS Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American ______Pyrotechnics Association 1124-9 Log# CP3 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Recommendation: Delete the following text: (1.1) 1.3.10 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, or storage ______of flammable gases or liquids. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Substantiation: There is no need to keep this disclaimer in NFPA 1124 since Recommendation: Revise the code as follows: it doesnʼt even remotely relate to the scope of the standard. Thus, there should Revise item (1) to the Scope, 1.1 as shown: be no confusion that would otherwise necessitate this section remaining in 1.1 Scope NFPA 1124. Where does the list stop? (1) The manufacture and storage of fireworks and novelties at fireworks Committee Meeting Action: Accept manufacturing facilities Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Add the following text and annex: Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 1.3.12* (new) This code shall not apply to novelties for other than their manu- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, facture. ROBERTS A.1.3.12 Novelties are not classified as fireworks. See Annex C. ______Revise the existing definition as follows: 1124-14 Log# 11 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept 3.3.29.3 Manufacturing Facility. A place where manufacturing of fireworks, (1.4.1) novelties, pyrotechnic articles, or components for these devices is conducted. ______Substantiation: The Committee believes that manufacture of novelties, which Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American uses explosive and pyrotechnic composition, should be regulated by this code. Pyrotechnics Association Committee Meeting Action: Accept Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Number Eligible to Vote: 29 1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this code shall not apply to Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that existed or were approved Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, for construction or installation prior to the effective date of the this code. ROBERTS Where specified, the provisions of this code shall be retroactive. ______Substantiation: Editorial consistency. 1124-10 Log# 7 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Committee Meeting Action: Accept (1.2) Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ______Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Pyrotechnics Association ROBERTS Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: ______1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code shall be to improve establish reason- 1124-15 Log# 12 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept able minimum fire and life safety requirements for in the manufacture, trans- (1.5, 1.5.2) portation, and storage of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) ______thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, and in the distribu- Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American tion and retail sales of consumer fireworks. Pyrotechnics Association Substantiation: The American Pyrotechnics Association believes that the pro- Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: posed revised text better conveys the intent and purpose of the 2003 edition of 1.5 Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of sys- NFPA 1124 as it is currently written. Maybe in the early days of NFPA 1124 tems, methods, materials , or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, the word “improve” would have been suitable, but NFPA 1124 has been around fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this long enough so that its main purpose now is to establish reasonable levels of code. fire and life safety for those venues involving fireworks. The code has been 1.5.2 The system, method, material , or device shall be approved for the developed to achieve reasonable minimum levels of fire and life safety and that intended purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. is what we believe the purpose of NFPA 1124 should state. Substantiation: It is reasonable to include materials which may be used to Committee Meeting Action: Accept achieve an equivalency to the code. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Committee Meeting Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 ROBERTS Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ______ROBERTS 1124-11 Log# 8 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept ______(1.3.2.1) 1124-16 Log# 1 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject ______(2.13) Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American ______Pyrotechnics Association NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 1124-14 (Log #103) which was Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: held from F2002 ROC on proposal 1124-12 1.3.2.1 Chapter 4. Chapter 4 shall apply to the manufacturing of all types of Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. fireworks and pyrotechnic articles at manufacturing facilities. Recommendation: Add the following: Substantiation: Pyrotechnic articles are also regulated by Chapter 4. 2-13. As of September 1, 2007, all display fireworks and pyrotechnics articles Committee Meeting Action: Accept shall be conspicuously marked with the following. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 NOT FOR CONSUMER USE Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 For use by trained personnel 1124-3 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 with licenses and/or permits only. vide basic instructions on how to store, transport, setup, use and dispose of Substantiation: This requirement will clearly delineate what fireworks are for both fireworks and pyrotechnic special effects consumer use and what fireworks and pyrotechnic articles are not for consumer Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part use. This will help end some of the confusion over what 1.4g fireworks are per- Revise 4.19.5.2* as follows: missible for sale to the general public and what 1.4g fireworks are not. As a minimum, each display fireworks manufactured on or after September The 5-year grace period should be more than enough for manufacturers to 30, 2007 device shall be conspicuously marked with the following informa- make the change and inventories to be used up. tion: Committee Meeting Action: Reject (1) The size of the display fireworks device, if applicable Committee Statement: The recommended change is not appropriate for this (2) A description of the type of device and the effect(s) code. (3) A warning statement reading Number Eligible to Vote: 29 WARNING: DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE Ballot Results: Affirmative: 22 Negative: 1 If found, do not handle. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Contact local fire or police department. ROBERTS A.4.19.5.2 Markings should be on the device, unless it is too small to do so Explanation of Negative: conspicuously. If too small, a tag or label on the package with the information WESTCOTT: I agree with Mr. Weeth. While the intent of the code is that dis- should be marked conspicuously: play and consumer fireworks should never be offered for sale together, some (1) Aerial shells, comets or mines should be marked with the size according to clear distinction needs to exist between them. I believe Mr. Weethʼs proposal 4.19.5.1. Roman candles and multiple tube devices should be described by the would satisfy this need. inside diameter of their tubes. Descriptions should indicate performance height and diameter as well as the duration of the deviceʼs effect(s) ______(2) The warnings should be in bold letters that are easily discernable from the 1124-17 Log# 39 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part rest of the markings. (2.13) Revise 4.19.5.6 to: ______All m M ultiple tube fireworks devices such as finale or barrage boxes, Roman Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. candle batteries or cakes, shall have detailed and usable instructions for the Recommendation: Revise 4.20.4.2 to: secure placement and necessary stabilization of the devices necessary to pre- As a minimum, each display fireworks device shall be conspicuously marked vent tipover during use. with the following information: Add a new 4.20.4.# a. The size of the display fireworks device, if applicable Manufacturers and suppliers shall provide users with basic instructions on how b. A description of the type of device and the effect(s) to safely handle, store, transport, setup, use and dispose of display fireworks c. A warning statement reading and pyrotechnic special effects. WARNING: DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE A.4.20.4.# Instructions should reference NFPA 1123 and indicate: If found, do not handle. a. the minimum distance for using the device to the audience and parking Contact local fire or police department. areas, occupied buildings, bulk storage from hazardous materials, etc. A-4.20.4.2 b. suggested methods of placement or loading of the device(s) Markings should be on the device, unless it is too small to do so conspicuously. c. suggested methods of igniting the device(s) If too small a tag or label on the package with the information should be d. prohibited uses of the device(s), if any marked conspicuously. e. and any unique hazards associated with the handling and use of the a. Aerial shells, comets or mines should be marked with the size according to device(s). 4.20.4.1. Roman candles and multiple tube devices should be described by the Committee Statement: The revised language meets the intent of the submit- inside diameter of their tubes. Descriptions should indicate performance height ter. The Committee did not add the proposed new text in 4.20.# and annex as and diameter as well as the duration of the deviceʼs effect(s) the Committee believes the responsibility for proper use of professional fire- c. The warnings should be in bold letters that are easily discernable from the works lies with the user. rest of the markings. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Revise 4.20.4.5 to: Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 All multiple tube fireworks devices such as finale or barrage boxes, Roman Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, candle batteries or cakes, shall have detailed and usable instructions the secure ROBERTS placement and necessary stabilization of the devices to prevent tipover during ______use. 1124-18 Log# 33 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Add a new 4.20.4.# (Chapter 3) Manufacturers and suppliers shall provide users with basic instructions on how ______to safely handle, store, transport, setup, use and dispose of display fireworks Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. and pyrotechnic special effects. Recommendation: Add two new definitions: A.4.20.4.# Instructions should reference NFPA 1123 and indicate: Aerial Comet. Generally a A large pellet of pyrotechnic composition, a long a. the minimum distance for using the device to the audience and parking areas, fuse black powder fuse or an electric match wires or both, and a black powder occupied buildings, bulk storage from hazardous materials, etc. lift charge which is propelled from a mortar or shell and usually is designed to b. suggested methods of placement or loading of the device(s) produce a rising long tailed color effect. c. suggested methods of igniting the device(s) Comet. A pellet of pyrotechnic composition that is attached to an aerial shell to d. prohibited uses of the device(s), if any produce a rising color effect. e. and any unique hazards associated with the handling and use of the A- 3.#.#.# Aerial C c omets may or may not burst at their zenith. Large aerial device(s). comets, or comets fastened to aerial shells are sometimes referred to as a Substantiation: NFPA 1124 already calls for instructions for a number of fire- “stickless rocket” because of the similarity of their effects, although not similar works and pyrotechnic special effects (4.19.4.4, 4.19.5.2 and 4.19.5.6), which in their design. Bursting comets are sometimes often called crossette comets can serve as a model for the Committee to develop basic instructions for all or split comets . fireworks devices. Add explanatory material if desired describing how aerial comets function and User instructions from the manufacturer or supplier for the proper use of their are used. Also add pictures or diagrams if desired. products are standard operating procedure for most industrial and consumer Substantiation: NFPA 1124 refers to comets in 4.19.5.1, but the term is not products. Instructions for the proper use of hazardous materials, and fireworks defined. This proposal is also being made to NFPA 1123 which also refers to are classified as such, is imperative for the safe use of these products by users. aerial comets. Aerial comets may have different standards for use than aerial A requirement that instructions be provided does not mean the manufacturer or shells. supplier will need to write a treatise for each individual item, since many fire- Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle works function the same way. Many manufacturers and suppliers now supply a The definition for Comet will be extracted from NFPA 1123; the new text is simple 1-page set of instructions for the proper use of their products. found in 1123-8 (Log #15). The Committee already has established that instructions are important for dis- 3.3.x* Comet. A single pellet of pyrotechnic composition that is ignited and posal of aerial shells, for using binary systems and for setting up pre-loaded simultaneously propelled into the air from a mortar or tube; a comet is self- chain fused aerial items, so it is not a tremendous burden to expand this funda- consuming as it rises into the air and may be designed to split apart . [1123: mental requirement. 3.3.x] The Committee is correct that NFPA 1123 calls for the licensing and training of A.3.3.x Comet. A comet is not an aerial shell or mine. [1123: A.3.3.x] operators, but licensing and training are the exception rather than the norm. Committee Statement: The action by the Committee satisfies the intent of the Display operators who are not licensed or trained are then left without critical submitter and is consistent with NFPA definitions policy to extract definitions information on how to store, transport, setup, use and dispose of hazardous where possible. This action makes NFPA 1124 consistent with NFPA 1123. materials, which are typically used at large public gatherings. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 This creates an unacceptable risk to the operators and the crews as well as to Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 public safety, something we are painfully reminded of each year. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, At the very least the Committee can require the manufacture or supplier to pro- ROBERTS 1124-4 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______To furnish with new parts or equipment, as applied to equipment and facilities, 1124-19 Log# 34 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle of the same type but not necessarily of identical design. (Chapter 3) Segregation . (preferred) NFPA 654, 2000 ed. ______The interposing of a fire and explosion-resistant barrier between the combusti- Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. ble particulate solid process and other operations. Recommendation: Add a new definition: Aerial Mine. Usually a cylindrical Segregation. (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. or spherical cartridge made of paper, cardboard, or non-brittle plastic, contain- The interposing of a fire and explosion-resistant barrier between the combusti- ing stars, inserts, pyrotechnic composition(s), or combinations thereof, a long ble particulate solid process and other operations. black powder fuse or an electric match or both, and a black powder lift charge. Substantiation: Adoption of preferred definitions will assist the user by pro- Add explanatory material if desired describing how aerial comets function and viding consistent meaning of defined terms throughout the National Fire are used. Also add pictures or diagrams if desired. Codes. Substantiation: NFPA 1124 refers to mines in 4.19.5.1, but the term is not Committee Meeting Action: Reject defined. This proposal is also being made to NFPA 1123 which also refers to Committee Statement: The Committee assigned the Glossary of Terms defi- aerial mines. Aerial mines may have different standards for use than aerial nitions to a Task Group and will reconsider these items during the ROC phase shells. of this revision to the code. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Number Eligible to Vote: 29 The definition for Mine will be extracted from NFPA 1123; the new text is Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 found in 1123-11 (Log #27). Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 3.3.x* Mine. A device containing multiple pyrotechnic effects that are simulta- ROBERTS neously ignited and dispersed into the air from a mortar or tube. [1123: 3.3.x] ______A.3.3.x Mine. A mine is not an aerial shell or comet. [1123: A.3.3.x] 1124-21 Log# 3 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Committee Statement: The action by the Committee satisfies the intent of the (3.1.14) submitter and is consistent with NFPA definitions policy to extract definitions ______where possible. This action makes NFPA 1124 consistent with NFPA 1123. NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 1124--24(Log #107) which was Number Eligible to Vote: 29 held from F2002 ROC on proposal 1124-8 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Recommendation: Add the phrase “or ignition point that is enclosed by a ROBERTS flame resistant material” and revise a follows: ______3.1.14* Covered Fuse. A fuse or ignition point that is enclosed by a flame 1124-20 Log# CP2 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject resistant material to protect against accidental ignition by contact with a spark, (Chapter 3 Definitions (GOT)) smoldering item, or small open flame. ______A 3.1.14 Examples of covered fuses are: Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Safety or visco fuse with the tip covered by cellophane tape. Recommendation: Adopt the preferred definitions from the NFPA Glossary Substantiation: Many consumer fireworks have no fuse but instead have of Terms for the following terms: exposed composition as their ignition point. It is also crucial to state what type Combustible Particulate Solid . (preferred) NFPA 69, 2002 ed. of material is used to cover a fuse as well. A combustible solid material comprised of distinct particles or pieces, regard- Committee Meeting Action: Reject less of size, shape, or chemical composition, that is capable of being pneumati- Committee Statement: The proposed definition introduces a concept of cally conveyed. “flame resistant material” without a specification. The Committee also has Combustible Particulate Solid. (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. established a joint task group with the Fire Test Committee to develop test cri- Any combustible solid material, composed of distinct particles or pieces, teria. The Committee notes that the recommended definition includes “ignition regardless of size, shape, or chemical composition. point” which is broad and needs further review. Compartmentation . (preferred) NFPA 232, 2000 ed. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 The subdivision of a building into relatively small areas so that fire or smoke Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 can be confined to the room or section in which it originates. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Compartmentation. (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. ROBERTS The interposing of a physical barrier that is not required to be fire or explosion ______resistant in order to limit combustible particulate solid migration and hence to 1124-22 Log# 15 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept control the size of a hazard area. (3.3 Mercantile Occupancy (New) ) Deflagration . (preferred) NFPA 68, 2002, ed. ______Propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is less than the speed of Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American sound in the unreacted medium. Pyrotechnics Association Deflagration. (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. Recommendation: Add a new definition for “Mercantile Occupancy” as fol- Propagation of a combustion zone through a fuel-oxidizer mixture at a rate that lows” is less than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium and capable of produc- 3.3.xx* Mercantile Occupancy. An occupancy used for the display and sale ing a significant increase in pressure. of merchandise. [ 101: 6.1.10.1] Explosion . (preferred) NFPA 69, 2002 ed. A.3.3.xx Mercantile Occupancy. Mercantile occupancies include the follow- The sudden conversion of potential energy (chemical, mechanical, or nuclear) ing: into kinetic energy that produces and violently release gas. (1) Auction rooms Explosion .T(secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. (2) Department stores The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or a container due to the development (3) Drugstores of internal pressure from a deflagration. (4) Restaurants with fewer than 50 persons Fire Barrier Wall . (preferred) NFPA 221, 2000 ed. (5) Shopping centers A wall, other than a fire wall, having a fire resistance rating. (6) Supermarkets Fire Barrier Wall. (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and A wall separating buildings or subdividing a building to prevent the spread of located in the same building should be considered part of the mercantile occu- fire and having a fire resistance rating and structural stability. pancy classification. [ 101: A.6.1.10.1] Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). (preferred) NFPA 329, 1999 ed. Substantiation: Provides guidance to the user of this code as to how a mer- That concentration of a combustible material in air below which ignition will cantile occupancy is classified by NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, for the purpose not occur. Also known as the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Mixtures below of applying the requirements of Chapter 7 to the retail sales of consumer fire- this limit are said to be “too lean.” works. Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). T(secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. Committee Meeting Action: Accept The lowest concentration of material that will propagate a flame from an igni- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 tion source through a mixture of flammable gas or combustible dust dispersion Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 with a gaseous oxidizer. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Noncombustible . (preferred) NFPA 80, 1999 ed. ROBERTS Not capable of igniting and burning when subjected to a fire. ______Noncombustible Material . (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. 1124-23 Log# 32 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions antici- (3.3.1) pated, will not ignite, support combustion, burn, or release flammable vapors ______when subjected to fire or heat.” Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Replace-in-Kind . (preferred) NFPA 502, 2001 ed. Recommendation: Revise the definition for Aerial Shell as follows: Aerial Where applied to equipment and facilities, to furnish with new parts or equip- Shell Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge made of paper, cardboard, or ment of the same type but not necessarily of identical design. non-brittle plastic, containing a time fuse(s), stars, components, pyrotechnic Replace-in-Kind . (secondary) NFPA 1124, 2003, ed. composition(s), or combinations thereof, pyrotechnic material, a break 1124-5 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 charge(s), a long black powder fuse, or an electric match wires or both, and the technical meaning as proposed. a black powder lift charge. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Add explanatory material if desired describing how aerial shells function and Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 are used. Also add pictures or diagrams if desired. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: A more descriptive definition that explains what an aerial ROBERTS shell is. What a device is designed to do or is intended to be used for is explan- ______atory material. 1124-27 Log# 40 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle (3.3.22) Extract the definition for Aerial Shell from 1123; the correct definition is ______found in Proposal 1123-6 (Log #14). Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. 3.3.x* Aerial Shell. A cartridge containing pyrotechnic composition, a burst Recommendation: Revise the definition of covered fuse as follows: A n exter- charge, and an internal time fuse or module, that is propelled into the air from a nal ignition fuse on a fireworks device that is protected by a fire resistant mortar and that is intended to burst at or near apogee. material against accidental ignition by contact with a spark, smoldering item, A.3.3.x Comets and mines are not aerial shells. or small open flame. Committee Statement: The action by the Committee satisfies the intent of the Add explanatory material if desired describing the purpose of covered fuses, submitter and is consistent with NFPA definitions policy to extract definitions examples of external ignitions fuses and materials used to cover them. Also add where possible. This action makes NFPA 1124 consistent with NFPA 1123. pictures or diagrams if desired. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Substantiation: The current definition is non-specific. A leader fuse or an Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 internal passfire or time fuse on an aerial shell would be considered “covered” Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, by this definition. More importantly the type of material covering the fuse is ROBERTS not described and thus there are no standards for what materials constitute ______“covered”. 1124-24 Log# CP11 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Committee Meeting Action: Reject (3.3.9.1 Bulk Merchandising Retail Building) Committee Statement: The proposed definition introduces a concept of ______“flame resistant material” without a specification. The Committee also has Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics established a joint task group with the Fire Test Committee to develop test cri- Recommendation: Delete definition for Bulk Merchandising Retail Building teria. The Committee notes that the recommended definition includes “ignition and delete the term wherever it appears. point” which is broad and needs further review. See also Committee Action on 3.3.9.1* Bulk Merchandising Retail Building. A building where the sales area Proposal 1124-21 (Log #3). includes the storage of combustible materials on pallets, in solid piles, or in Number Eligible to Vote: 29 racks in excess of 12 ft (3.7 m) in storage height. [101:3.3] Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Also delete the Annex material to this definition. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Locations where Bulk Merchandising Retail Buildings appears - 7.1.2 (1)(b), ROBERTS 7.1.4, 7.7.1.1 and A.3.3.9.1. ______Substantiation: This term is not needed in the code. 1124-28 Log# CP10 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Committee Meeting Action: Accept (3.3.29) Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ______Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Recommendation: 1. Revise 3.3.29.1 by adding “(CFRS facility)” after ROBERTS Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility; the definition now reads: ______3.3.29.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility (CFRS Facility). A perma- 1124-25 Log# 36 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject nent or temporary building or structure, consumer fireworks retail sales stand, (3.3.9.9) tent, canopy, or membrane structure that is used primarily for the retail display ______and sale of consumer fireworks to the public. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. 2. Substitute “CFRS facility” throughout the document wherever it occurs, Recommendation: Revised 3.3.9.9 Shipping building as follows: instead of using the complete text. Display Fireworks Shipping Building. A building in which finished consumer Substantiation: This modification enables the use of the abbreviated term fireworks are received, stored, and shipped but in which no manufacturing is throughout the document. performed used for the packing of assorted display fireworks or for the loading Committee Meeting Action: Accept of display fireworks onto vehicles for shipment to purchasers. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 A building, in which finished consumer fireworks are received, stored, and Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 shipped but in which no manufacturing is performed. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: Accuracy. The revised definition is more consistent with the ROBERTS similar definition for a consumer fireworks storage building. ______Committee Meeting Action: Reject 1124-29 Log# 45 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Committee Statement: Display fireworks shipping buildings should not (3.3.29.2) include “stored” in the definition; the code already permits storage through ______existing provisions. As submitted the definition also causes confusion between Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. consumer and display fireworks buildings. Recommendation: Revise 3.3.29.2 as follows: Number Eligible to Vote: 29 3.3.29.2 Consumer Fireworks Distribution Facility. A place where consumer Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 fireworks are received, stored, picked, packaged and packed into shipping car- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, tons, and shipped to other distribution facilities, manufacturing facilities, or ROBERTS consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores. ______Add a new 3.3.29.3 as follows: 1124-26 Log# 13 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle 3.3.29.3 Display Fireworks Distribution Facility. A place where display fire- (3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition) works are received, stored, picked, packaged and packed into shipping cartons, ______and shipped to other distribution facilities or manufacturing facilities, or to dis- Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American plays. Pyrotechnics Association Renumber 3.3.29.3 to 3.3.29.4 and revise as follows: Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 3.3.29.4 Fireworks Manufacturing Facility. A place where fireworks, pyrotech- 3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. A chemical compound or mixture, the pri- nic articles, or components are manufactured received, stored, picked, pack- mary or common purpose of which is to produce function by explosion , pro- aged and packed into shipping cartons, and shipped to other distribution facili- ducing an audible effect in a fireworks device. ties or manufacturing facilities, or to displays for these devices is conducted. Substantiation: The first part of this proposal corrects a typographical error Substantiation: There are two types of distribution facilities with two distinct- which occurred with the publication of the 2003 edition of NFPA 1124. Section ly different standards for each. One is for consumer fireworks and is not ATF 1-4 Definitions of the 1998 edition of NFPA 1124 contained the definition for regulated, the other is for display fireworks and is ATF regulated. “Explosive Composition” as revised above. For consistency we have added the The definition for Manufacturing Facility needs a delineator from other manu- additional wording which is taken from the same definition in Section C.2.5.1 facturing facilities and the appropriate verbs “manufacture”. in Annex C. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Committee Statement: The term Display Fireworks Distribution Facility is Revise text to read as follows: not used in the code. 3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. A ny chemical compound or mixture, the Number Eligible to Vote: 29 primary or common purpose of which is to produce function by explosion , Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 producing an audible effect (report) in a fireworks device. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Committee Statement: The changes are editorial in nature and do not change ROBERTS 1124-6 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______1, Standard for Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, 1124-30 Log# 14 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Novelties, and Theatrical Pyrotechnics. (3.3.30 Fireworks) 3.3.30.4 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3, Display Fireworks. ______A.3.3.30 Fireworks. Toy caps for use in toy pistols, toy canes, toy guns and Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American novelties and trick noisemakers are not considered to be fireworks (see Annex Pyrotechnics Association C). The regulations referred to limit the explosive content of each toy cap to Recommendation: Revise to read as follows: not more than an average of 16.2 mg (0.25 gr). Also, each package containing 3.3.30* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a such caps has to be labeled to indicate the maximum explosive content per visible or an audible effect for entertainment purposes by combustion, defla- cap. For information on the use of model rockets and model rocket motors, gration, or detonation, and that meets the definition of Consumer Fireworks or see NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry. For information on the use of high Display Fireworks as set forth in this code. power rockets and high power rocket motors, see NFPA 1127, Code for High 3.3.30.1 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2, Consumer Fireworks. Power Rocketry. Model rockets, and model rocket motors, high power rockets, 3.3.30. 1 2 * Consumer Fireworks. (Formerly Known as Common and high power rocket motors designed, sold, and used for the purpose of pro- Fireworks) Any Small fireworks device s containing restricted amounts of pelling recoverable aero models are not considered to be fireworks. pyrotechnic composition designed primarily to produce visible or audible A.3.3.30.12 Consumer Fireworks (Formerly Known as Common effects by combustion or deflagration that complies which comply with the Fireworks). Consumer fireworks are normally classed as Explosives, 1.4G and construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. described as Fireworks, UN 0336 by the U.S. Department of Transportation Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in CPSC Title 16, (U.S. DOT) (see Annex C). Some small devices designed to produce audible C ode of F ederal R egulations , Parts 1500 and 1507. [ 1123 : 1.4] effects are included, such as whistling devices, ground devices containing 50 3.3.30. 2 3 * Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks) . mg (0.8 gr) or less of explosive composition (salute powder), and aerial devices Large fireworks devices, which are explosive materials. intended for use in containing 130 mg (2 gr) or less of explosive composition (salute powder) per fireworks displays and articles designed to produce visible or audible effects explosive unit. Consumer fireworks contain limited quantities of pyrotechnic for entertainment purposes by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. composition per unit and do not pose a mass explosion hazard where stored. 3.3.30.4 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3, Display Fireworks. Therefore, they are not required to be stored in a magazine. Consumer fire- A.3.3.30 Fireworks. Toy caps for use in toy pistols, toy canes, toy guns and works which comply with the construction, chemical composition and label- novelties and trick noisemakers are not considered to be fireworks (see Annex ing regulations of the U.S. DOT for fireworks, 49 CFR (172), and the U.S. C). The regulations referred to limit the explosive content of each toy cap to Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in CPSC 16 CFR: not more than an average of 16.2 mg (0.25 gr). Also, each package containing Parts 1500 and 1507, are not considered explosive materials for the purpose of such caps has to be labeled to indicate the maximum explosive content per cap. this code. For information on the use of model rockets and model rocket motors, see A.3.3.30.23 Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks). NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry. Model rockets and model rocket motors Display fireworks are described as Fireworks, UN 0335 and are classed as designed, sold, and used for the purpose of propelling recoverable aero models Explosives, 1.3G by the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see are not considered to be fireworks. Annex C). A.3.3.30. 1 2 Consumer Fireworks (Formerly Known as Common Display fireworks include, but are not limited to, the following: Fireworks) . Consumer fireworks are normally classed as Explosives, 1.4G (1) Salutes or firecrackers containing more than 130 mg (2 gr) of explosive and described as Fireworks, UN 0336 by the U.S. Department of composition (salute powder) Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see Annex C).Some small devices designed to pro- (2) Aerial shells containing more than 60 40 g (2.1 1.4 oz) of total pyrotech- duce audible effects are included, such as whistling devices, ground devices nic and explosive composition. containing 50 mg (0.8 gr) or less of explosive composition (salute powder), and (3) Other display pieces that exceed the limits for classification as consumer aerial devices containing 130 mg (2 gr) or less of explosive composition (salute fireworks. powder) per explosive unit. Consumer fireworks contain limited quantities of Such fireworks are also described as fireworks, 49 CFR (172) by the U.S. pyrotechnic composition per unit and do not pose a mass explosion hazard DOT. where stored. Therefore, they are not required to be stored in a magazine. Committee Statement: The Committee added references used as the basis for Consumer fireworks which comply with the construction, chemical composi- characterizing and classifying fireworks, including the APA 87-1 and DOT reg- tion and labeling regulations of the U.S. DOT for fireworks, 49 CFR (172), and ulations in 49 CFR Part 172. These definitions will be defined in this code and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in CPSC extracted into the other fireworks codes and standards where used for the pur- 16 CFR: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not considered explosive materials for the poses of consistency. purpose of this code. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 A.3.3.30. 2 3 Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks). Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Display fireworks are described as Fireworks, UN 0335 and are classed as Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Explosives, 1.3G by the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see ROBERTS Annex C). Comment on Affirmative Display fireworks include, but are not limited to, the following: HECKMAN: In the Committee Meeting Action for Section A.3.3.30.2(3) in (1) Salutes or firecrackers containing more than 130 mg (2 gr) of explosive item (2) the 40 and (1.4) should be shown stricken through. composition (salute powder) (2) Aerial shells containing more than 60 40 g ( 2.1 1.4 oz) of total pyrotech- nic and explosive composition ______(3) Other display pieces that exceed the limits for classification as consumer 1124-30a Log# CP17 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept fireworks. (3.3.33 Fuel) Such fireworks are also described as fireworks, 49 CFR (172) by the U.S. ______DOT. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Substantiation: To make these definitions for fireworks consistent with those Recommendation: Delete definition for “fuel” in 1124, 3.3.33. in the 2000 WFCA Uniform Fire Code and the 2003 ICC International Substantiation: It is not used in the code as it is defined and therefore is not Building Code and International Fire Code. needed in the code. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Committee Meeting Action: Accept Revise to read as follows: Number Eligible to Vote: 29 3.3.30* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 a visible or an audible effect for entertainment purposes by combustion, defla- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, gration, or detonation, and that meets the definition of Consumer Fireworks or ROBERTS Display Fireworks as set forth in this code. ______3.3.30.1 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2, Consumer Fireworks. 1124-31 Log# 16 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept 3.3.30.12* Consumer Fireworks. (Formerly Known as Common (3.3.47 Novelties and Trick Noisemakers) Fireworks) Any Small fireworks devices containing restricted amounts of ______pyrotechnic composition designed primarily to produce visible or audible Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American effects by combustion or deflagration that complies which comply with the Pyrotechnics Association construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in CPSC Title 16, 3.3.47* Novelties and Trick Noisemakers . Small devices containing limited Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1500 and 1507, Title 49 CFR Part 172, and amounts of pyrotechnic or explosive or composition that produce a visible or APA Standard 87-1, Standard for Construction and Approval for Transportation an audible effect and which are not classified as consumer fireworks. of Fireworks, Novelties, and Theatrical Pyrotechnics. [1123: 1.4] A.3.3.47 Novelties and Trick Noisemakers . For Further information, see 3.3.30.23* Display Fireworks (Formerly Known as Special Fireworks). Annex C. Large fireworks devices, which are explosive materials. intended for use in Substantiation: Trick noisemakers do not need to be defined if they are clas- fireworks displays and articles designed to produce visible or audible effects sified as a novelty by Section C.2.9 of Annex C which also states that these for entertainment purposes by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, as set items are not considered to be consumer fireworks. Furthermore, they arenʼt forth in Title 27 CFR Part 555, Title 49 CFR Part 172, and APA Standard 87- specifically identified in Annex C Section C.3.2 Novelties. 1124-7 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Committee Meeting Action: Accept powder lift charge. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Suspended Salute Shell. Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge made of Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 paper, cardboard, or non-brittle plastic, containing a time fuse(s), a pyrotechnic Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, composition, and a long black powder fuse, or an electric match wires or both. ROBERTS Also revise all references to “Ground salutes” to “Suspended salutes”. ______Add explanatory material if desired describing how aerial comets function and 1124-32 Log# 37 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject are used. Also add diagrams if desired. (3.3.66) Substantiation: There are two distinctly different types of salute shells. One is ______an aerial salute shell that is fired from a mortar; the other is a suspended salute Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. that is hung from a truss or bracket. Salutes should never be fired on the Recommendation: Revise the definition of bulk salutes to: ground and just as we changed “bombshell” to aerial shell, we need to change Bulk Salutes. A collection of salutes or salute components containing more “ground salute” too. than 10 lb (4.5 kg) of salute powder and stored in a magazine or in-process in Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle an unattended process building, unless the salutes or salute components are 3.3.x Salute. (Retain existing definition for salute.) mixed with other aerial shells, comets, mines or components so that the quanti- 3.3.x.1 Aerial Salute. A salute that functions as an aerial shell. ty of salutes or salute components to other types of aerial shells, comets, mines 3.3.x.2 Ground Salute. A salute that functions from a stationary or secured or components is less than 50 percent of the total quantity of all aerial shells, position. comets, mines or components stored in a magazine or in-process in an unat- Committee Statement: The Committee did not add a definition for “suspend- tended process building. ed salutes,” however, the action to define aerial salute and ground salute Add the following to Annex A. accomplishes the intent of the submitter to clarify these often confused and Bulk Salutes. Salute powder and salutes are more energetic than most other misused terms. fireworks, and thus present a greater potential risk in the event of an accidental Number Eligible to Vote: 29 explosion. The purpose of delineating between bulk salutes and salutes mixed Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 with other types of fireworks is to address this potential risk, while maintaining Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, the ability of facilities to prepare for displays that contain all types of fire- ROBERTS works. The mixing of other aerial shells, comets, mines or components to Comment on Affirmative salutes and salute components stored in a magazine or in process in an unat- HECKMAN: The text should be shown as being extracted from NFPA 1123. tended process building should be at least 51-49%. This ratio should be calcu- See 1123-12 (Log #28) for the NFPA 1123 ROP ballot. It was my understand- lated by counting the other aerial shells, comets, mines or components and ing that this was to be extracted text since NFPA 1123 was supposed to be the salutes and components if they are of similar configuration and size; counting primary document responsible for these definitions. the cases of other aerial shells, comets, mines or components, and salutes and components if they are of similar configuration, size and case counts; or the estimating net weight of all other aerial shells, comets, mines or components ______and salutes and components and all salutes and components. Some processes, 1124-34 Log# CP6 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept such as the drying of aerial shells, may take a few hours or a few days. As a (Chapter 4 and Chapter 6) result unfinished fireworks or components are often in-process in unattended ______process buildings or rooms. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Add a new 4.10.4.# (Old 2-6.1.#) Unfinished fireworks and components shall Recommendation: 1. Delete last sentence in the definition for Process be permitted to be kept in-process in an unattended process building or room, Building as shown: provided the unattended process building or room meets the security, construc- 3.3.9.8 Process Building. Any building or any room at a manufacturing facility tion and distance requirements for the corresponding type of magazine for the where fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or component(s) containing explosive or type(s) and quantity of fireworks and components kept in process in the unat- pyrotechnic compositions are manufactured. A process building is also any tended process building. (See 2-10.3.) building at a manufacturing facility where consumer fireworks are initially A-4.10.4.# Some processes, such as the drying of aerial shells, may take a few packed for shipment. hours or a few days. As a result, unfinished fireworks and components are 2. Modify table 4.9.2.1 by deleting entries for amounts greater than 500 often kept in-process in unattended process buildings or rooms. pounds. Substantiation: Unfinished fireworks of all types, including salutes and salute 3. Modify 6.7.1 as follows: components, are often kept in process in unattended process buildings, so this 6.7.1 Permanent c C onsumer fireworks storage or work buildings , at distribu- needs to be addressed. Most salutes are aerial salute shells, but some are sus- tion facilities, shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and struc- pended salutes, however the current definition implies the comparison is tures in accordance with Table 6.7.1. between aerial shells only. Salute components are counted as part of what con- 4. In Table 6.7.1 delete “Permanent” from the title. stitutes bulk salutes, but aerial shell components, comets mines are not men- 5. Add a new 6.7.2 (existing 6.7.2 renumbered to become 6.7.3) as shown: tioned, making it unclear if they count towards the 50% exemption. Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings at manufacturing facilities shall The current ATF definition also mentions no quantity (Bulk salutes. Salute be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public highways, components prior to final assembly into aerial shells, and finished salute shells and other storage buildings in accordance with the distances specified in Table held separately prior to being packed with other types of special fireworks.) yet 4.9.6, and shall be separated from process buildings and areas by the distances under 4.10.4.4 the code permits 10 pounds to be in a process building or area. specified in Table 4.9.3. It is illogical to require a smaller quantity be placed in a Type 2 magazine than 6. Delete existing 6.7.2.3 (replaced by new 6.7.2) is permitted to be in-process, especially when in loose form while in-process 7. In the Title for Table 4.9.3 insert the following after “...Buildings and Areas there is greater risk of accidental ignition. at Manufacturing Facilities from ...” Comets, mines and other components should be included with aerial shells in 8. In the Title for Table 4.9.6 delete “Fireworks” and “Plants” and insert calculating the total quantity in each magazine or unattended process building “Facilities” after “Manufacturing” so that it now reads “...Storage Buildings at in order to accurately assess the risk and the steps needed to mitigate that risk. Manufacturing Facilities from ...” Also the 50% delineation has been misinterpreted by some to be 66-33% 9. In Table 4.9.2.1 in the second and third columns add “Fireworks” after “In because the word “total” refers to the quantity of salutes to “other shells”, so Process Display...” this need to be changed to clarify this. Explaining how to calculate the ratio in 10. In 4.8.5.1.1 replace “plants” with “facilities” so that it reads as follows: the Annex should help, especially when unfinished fireworks and components 4.8.5.1.1 All electrical fixtures in storage buildings at fireworks manufacturing are involved. plants facilities shall be dust-tight. Committee Meeting Action: Reject 11. In the Title for Table 4.9.3 delete “Manufacturing Facility” and “for Committee Statement: The definitions contain requirements and conflict with Consumer Fireworks” so that it reads as follows: federal regulations. The proposed new text in 4.10.4 also conflicts with federal Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas regulations. from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Manufacturing Facility Magazines and Shipping Buildings, and Storage Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Buildings for Consumer Fireworks Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 12. In the Title for Table 4.9.4.1 delete “Fireworks” before “Magazines” so that ROBERTS it now reads: ______Table 4.9.4.1 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Display 1124-33 Log# 38 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Fireworks Except Bulk Salutes, at Fireworks Manufacturing Plants from (3.3.66) Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Fireworks Magazines and Shipping ______Buildings, Storage Buildings, and Inhabited Buildings. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Substantiation: The Committee changed the column headings and titles for Recommendation: Salute Shell. consistency with the definitions. The entries in Table 4.9.2.1 for greater than Aerial. Salute Shell. Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge made of paper, 500 pounds were deleted as those values were incomplete in the table previous- cardboard, or non-brittle plastic, containing a time fuse(s), a pyrotechnic com- ly and they are no longer needed with the editorial change to the definition for position, a long black powder fuse, or an electric match or both, and a black process building. These changes make consumer fireworks storage consistent 1124-8 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 and corrects classification terms in the various tables. operations. Moving large volumes from magazines to process buildings and Committee Meeting Action: Accept back to conduct shipping and receiving operations increases handling and Number Eligible to Vote: 29 therefore risks. The Committee must establish specific requirements for ship- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 ping buildings. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ROBERTS Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part Comment on Affirmative Add a new section 4.# Shipping Buildings. HECKMAN: Item 7. This should be restated as: “Revise the Title for Table Move 4.9.4.2 to this new section 4.9.3 as follows: 4.#.1 Shipping buildings used for storage shall meet the same requirements as Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas at magazines for the methods and types of construction, quantity limitations and Manufacturing Facilities from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public tables of distances as magazines. Highways, [Manufacturing Facility] Magazines and Shipping Buildings, and 4.#.2 Shipping buildings not used for storage shall meet the same require- Storage Buildings for Consumer Fireworks. ments as process buildings for the methods and types of construction, and the quantity limitations and tables of distances as magazines. 4.#.3 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1, a shipping building for dis- ______play fireworks shall be considered a magazine. 1124-34a Log# CP18 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Renumber from here. (Chapter 4 Tables) 4.#.4 Shipping buildings shall not be used as process buildings. ______4.#.5 Display fireworks, Cconsumer fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, pyrotech- Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics nic devices, pyrotechnic materials, pyrotechnic special effects, pyrotechnics, Recommendation: Make editorial changes to the tables in Chapter 4 as fol- railroad fuses, electric matches, igniters, igniter cord, non-detonating fuse, lows: fuses, black match, quickmatch, and article pyrotechnic other pyrotechnic devices and compositions shall be permitted to be stored in shipping building See the following pages for Chapter 4 tables. complying with 4.#.1. Substantiation: Title changes to reflect the scope of each table more accurate- 4.#.2 Receiving, picking, packing, packaging, and shipping shall be permitted ly and quantity limits have been made consistent to no greater than 500 lb. in display fireworks shipping buildings. Committee Meeting Action: Accept 4.#.6 Fireworks and other Pyrotechnic or explosive compositions in shipping Number Eligible to Vote: 29 buildings shall remain in sealed containers. until access is needed for day-to- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 day operations. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 4.#.7 Loose pyrotechnic or explosive compositions shall not be permitted in ROBERTS shipping buildings. ______4.#.8 Fireworks and other pyrotechnic or explosive devices in shipping build- 1124-35 Log# 52 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part ings shall be permitted to be in open cartons or bins, or both, provided: (4 (New) ) (a) Only one carton plus 10 devices of each size and type of fireworks is open ______at one time. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. (b) Aall fireworks in open cartons or bins are secured so they will not roll or Recommendation: Add a new section 4.# Shipping Buildings. fall. Move 4.9.4.2 to this new section 4.#.9 Stocks of empty cartons, packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape 4.#.1 Shipping buildings shall meet the same requirements as magazine for the and other shipping and receiving supplies needed Tools, equipment, supplies methods and type of construction, quantity limitations and tables of distances and documents appropriate to conduct day-to-day operations shall be permitted as magazines. to be stored and used in shipping buildings. 4.#.2 Shipping buildings shall not be used as process buildings. A-4.#.9 Tools, equipment, supplies and documents may include, but not be 4.#.3 Consumer fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, railroad fusees, igniters, igniter limited to: empty cartons, packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape and cord, non-detonating fuse, quickmatch, and article pyrotechnic shall be permit- other shipping and receiving supplies, scales, carts, pallet jacks, pallets, crates, ted to be stored in shipping building. conveyors and stands, box cutters or knives, dispensers, brooms, dustpans, bills 4.#.2 Receiving, picking, packing, packaging, and shipping shall be permitted of lading, shipping papers and documents, packing slips, orders, invoices, and in display fireworks shipping buildings. inventory records. 4.#.3 Fireworks and other pyrotechnic or explosive compositions in shipping 4.#.10 Tools and equipment Scales, carts, pallet jacks, box cutters, conveyors buildings shall remain in sealed containers until access is needed for day-to-day and stands, knives, dispensers, brooms, dustpans and other tools needed to con- operations. duct day-to-day operations shall be made of or covered with non spark produc- 4.#.4 Fireworks and other pyrotechnic or explosive devices in shipping build- ing materials. permitted in shipping buildings, provided all nonferrous metal ings shall be permitted to be in open containers or bins, or both, provided: 4.#.7 Metal tools used to open opening fiberboard containers shall be permit- (a) Only one carton plus 10 devices of each size and type of fireworks is open ted to be made of nonsparking metal. at one time. 4.#.9 Bookkeeping, shipping and receiving forms and supplies needed to con- (b) All fireworks in open cartons or bins are secured so they will not roll or duct day-to-day operations shall be permitted in shipping buildings. fall. 4.#.11 Refuse containers for packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape 4.#.5 Loose pyrotechnic or explosive compositions shall not be permitted in and other shipping and receiving supplies shall be permitted in shipping shipping buildings. buildings., provided: 4.#.6 Stocks of empty cartons, packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape (a) All refuse containers are not used for fireworks or other pyrotechnic or and other shipping and receiving supplies needed to conduct day-to-day opera- explosive compositions. tions shall be permitted to be stored in shipping buildings. (b) All refuse containers are emptied when full or at the end of each day. 4.#.7 Scales, carts, pallet jacks, box cutters, conveyors and stands, knives, dis- 4.#.12 All operational, Housekeeping requirements for magazines shall apply pensers, brooms, dustpans and other tools needed to conduct day-to-day opera- to shipping buildings. tions shall be permitted in shipping buildings, provided all non-ferrous metal 4.#.13 Security requirements for magazines shall apply to shipping buildings 4.#.7 Scales, carts, pallet jacks, conveyors and stands, knives, dispensers, used for storage. brooms, dustpans and other tools needed to conduct day-to-day operations shall Add as a new 5.5, renumber as needed. be permitted in shipping buildings, provided any external exposed parts made Committee Statement: The revised text addresses the issues raised by the of non-sparking metals or covered with non-sparking materials. submitter and the Committee believes the new text fits better in a new 5.5. 4.#.7 Metal tools used to open opening fiberboard containers shall be permitted Number Eligible to Vote: 29 to be made of nonsparking metal. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 4.#.9 Bookkeeping, shipping and receiving forms and supplies needed to con- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, duct day-to-day operations shall be permitted in shipping buildings. ROBERTS 4.#.10 Refuse containers for packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape and Comment on Affirmative other shipping and receiving supplies shall be permitted in shipping buildings, HECKMAN: The Committee Meeting Action should be stated as: “Modify the provided: Proposal as follows:”. The first sentence should be revised to indicate that it is (a) All refuse containers are not used for fireworks or other pyrotechnic or adding a new Section 5.5 Shipping Buildings. The second sentence should be explosive compositions. revised as follows: Move 4.9.4.2 to this new Section and renumber as 4.#.3 . It (b) All refuse containers are emptied when full or at the end of each day. should also be noted that this entire section should be properly renumbered as 4.#.11 All operational, housekeeping and security standards for magazines shall 5.5.X. apply to shipping buildings. Underscore and strikethroughs are incorrect throughout this proposal. Renumber as needed. Substantiation: Chapter 5 primarily addresses the requirements for shipping buildings, but has very little regarding the internal setup, equipment, materials or day to day operations. AHJs have unfortunately applied the requirements for magazines to shipping buildings which prevent normal shipping and receiving 1124-9 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Chapter 4 Tables

4.9.2.1 Process buildings and areas shall be separated from other process buildings and areas and from nonprocess buildings in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1.

Table 4.9.2.1 Minimum Separation Distances Between of Process Buildings and Areas and Distances Between from

Process and Nonprocess Buildings and Areas Net Weight of Fireworks1 In-Process In-Process Display with In-Process Consumer Display without Barricades Fireworks or Pyrotechnic Articles2,3 Barricades kg lb m ft m ft m ft 35 114 17 57 11 37 > 0 to 45 > 0 to 100 42 138 21 69 11 37 > 45 to 91 > 100 to 200 47 154 23 77 11 37 > 91 to 136 > 200 to 300 52 170 26 85 11 37 > 136 to 181 > 300 to 400 55 182 28 91 11 37 > 181 to 227 > 400 to 500 NP NP 11 NP 37 NP > 227 to 454 > 500 to 1000 NP NP 11 37 > 454 to 907 > 1000 to 2000 NP NP 15 48 > 907 to 1361 > 2000 to 3000 NP NP 18 60 > 1361 to 1814 > 3000 to 4000 > 1814 > 4000 NP NP 20 67 NP: Not permitted. 1 Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only. 2 For maximum quantity of pyrotechnic composition permitted in a pyrotechnics laboratory, see 4.9.9.3. 3 See 4.9.2.6(1).

Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Manufacturing Facility Magazines and Shipping Buildings, and Storage Buildings for Consumer Fireworks Net Weight of Fireworks1 In-Process In-Process Consumer Fireworks or Display Fireworks2 Pyrotechnic Articles kg lb m ft m ft 61 200 7.6 25 > 0 to 45 > 0 to 100 61 200 15 50 > 45 to 227 > 100 to 500 NP 23 NP > 227 to 454 > 500 to 1000 NP 30 100 > 454 to 907 > 1000 to 2000 NP 35 115 > 907 to 1361 > 2000 to 3000 NP 38 124 > 1361 to 1814 > 3000 to 4000 > 1814 > 4000 NP 40 130 NP: Not permitted. 1 Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only. 2 For information on the separation distances between process buildings see Table 4.9.2.1, between magazines see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.5, and between storage buildings see Table 4.9.6.

1124-10 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.4.1 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Display Fireworks (Except Bulk Salutes) at Fireworks Manufacturing Plants from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Fireworks Magazines and, Shipping Buildings,

And Storage Buildings, and Inhabited Buildings Net Weight of Fireworks* In-Process Display Fireworks Distance In-Process Consumer Fireworks or Between Magazine or Shipping Building and Pyrotechnic Articles Distance between Inhabited Building, Passenger Railway, or Public Magazines, Shipping Buildings, and Storage Highway Buildings1 kg lb m ft m ft 46 150 30 100 > 0 to 454 > 0 to 100 1000 70 230 46 150 > 454 to 2,268 > 1,000 to 5,000 91 300 61 200 > 2,268 to 4,536 > 5,000 to 10,000 > 4,536 > 10,000 See Table 4.9.4.5. See Table 4.9.4.5. *Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive compositions and fuse only. 1 For distances between storage buildings to storage buildings see Table 4.9.4.5.

Table 4.9.6 Minimum Separation Distances of Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings at Fireworks Manufacturing Plants Manufacturing Facilities from Inhabited Buildings, Magazines, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, and Other Storage Buildings, and Inhabited Buildings Gross Weight of Consumer Fireworks Distance from Passenger Railways, Public Distance from Inhabited Buildings Highways, and Other Storage Buildings and Magazines kg lb m ft m ft 0 to 454 0 to 1,000 11 35 21 70 454 to 2,268 1,000 to 5,000 17 55 34 110 2,268 to 4,536 5,000 to 10,000 18 60 37 120 4,536 to 9,072 10,000 to 20,000 20 65 41 135 9,072 to 22,680 20,000 to 50,000 24 80 49 160 22,680 to 45,360 50,000 to 100,000 27 90 55 180 45,360 100,000 and over 30 100 61 200

NEW:

4.9.4.8 Magazines for the storage of black powder shall comply with Table 4.9.4.8

Table 4.9.4.8 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Black Powder

(Note to committee: This is copied from ATF Table 55.219, Table of Distances for Storage of Low Explosives)

Additional Necessary Modifications

4.9.3.2 Table 4.9.3 shall not apply to the separation distances between process buildings or areas (see Table 4.9.2.1), between magazines (see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.5), and between storage buildings (see Table 4.9.6 and Table 6.7.1)

5.1.2 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that are not cat- egorized classified as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, and public highways by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3 Table 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.5.

5.1.3 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that are not catego- rized classified as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from other magazines by the distances speci- fied in Table 4.9.3 Table 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.5, and from other plant buildings by the distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1 Table 4.9.3, 4.9.4.1, or 4.9.6, as applicable.

5.1.4 Magazines containing black powder shall be separated from inhabited buildings, pas- senger railways, public highways, and other magazines by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3 Table 4.9.4.8.

1124-11 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 1124-36 Log# 46 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject ROBERTS (4.6 & 4.7) ______1124-39 Log# 48 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. (4.9 and 4.10) Recommendation: Create a new Chapter from 4.6 and 4.7 Magazine and ______Shipping Building Construction. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Substantiation: Magazine and shipping building construction requirements Recommendation: Create a new Chapter from 4.9 (except 4.9.4.3 )and 4.10 are for manufacturing facilities as well as display fireworks distribution facili- Separation Distances and Quantity Limits for Process Buildings, Magazines, ties. They need their own separate chapter. Shipping Building Construction. Committee Meeting Action: Reject Substantiation: Separation distances are for manufacturing facilities as well Committee Statement: The submitter provided no specific text indicating as display fireworks distribution facilities. They need their own separate chap- how the new Chapters were to be constructed. ter. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Committee Meeting Action: Reject Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Committee Statement: The tables need to be retained because they do apply Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, to manufacturing facilities. Where they do apply to other facilities, the refer- ROBERTS ences are to the current requirements. ______Number Eligible to Vote: 29 1124-37 Log# CP15 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 (4.7.4.1) Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ______ROBERTS Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics ______Recommendation: In 4.7.4.1 (3), Delete (7) 1124-40 Log# 43 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle 4.7.4.1 Type 4 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 4 outdoor magazine shall comply (4.9.2.1, 4.9.3 and 4.9.4.1) with the following Provisions: ______(1) …” Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. (2) …” Recommendation: Delete all quantities of Net Weight of Fireworks in these (3) Permanent magazines shall comply with 4.7.1 (4), (7) , and (8). tables >500 lbs. Substantiation: Ventilation is not required in non-permanent Type IV Substantiation: ATF § 55.222 does not permit quantities greater than 500 Magazines; as such ventilation should not be required in permanent magazines. pounds, whether for In process Display Fireworks or In-Process Consumer In some locations it is not beneficial to add venting due to high humidity envi- Fireworks or Pyrotechnic Articles. ronments etc. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Consistent with ATF Regulations (do not require venting in any type of Type See Committee Proposal 1124-34 (Log #CP6). IV Magazine.) Committee Statement: See Committee Proposal 1124-34 (Log #CP6). §55.210 Construction of type 4 magazines. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 A type 4 magazine is a building, igloo or “Army-type structure”, tunnel, dug- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 out, box, trailer, or a semitrailer or other mobile magazine. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, (a) Outdoor magazines-- ROBERTS (1) General. Outdoor magazines are to be fire-resistant, weather-resistant, and ______theft-resistant. The ground around outdoor magazines must slope away for 1124-41 Log# 51 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject drainage or other adequate drainage be provided. When unattended, vehicular (4.9.4.2 and 4.9.4.3) magazines must have wheels removed or otherwise be effectively immobilized ______by kingpin locking devices or other methods approved by the Director. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. (2) Construction. Outdoor magazines are to be constructed of masonry, metal Recommendation: Delete 4.9.4.3(1) and move 4.9.4.2 and 4.9.4.3(2) to new covered wood, fabricated metal, or a combination of these materials. Chapter Operations at Fireworks Manufacturing Facilities and Display Foundations are to be constructed of brick, concrete, cement block, stone, or Fireworks Distribution Facilities. metal or wood posts. If piers or posts are used, in lieu of a continuous founda- Renumber as needed. tion, the space under the building is to be enclosed with fire-resistant material. Substantiation: 4.9.4.3(1) refers to distances and are already addressed in The walls and floors are to be constructed of, or covered with, a nonsparking existing 5.4. The other two requirements are operational and should be includ- material or lattice work. The doors must be metal or solid wood covered with ed with similar requirements. metal. Committee Meeting Action: Reject (3) Hinges and hasps. Hinges and hasps are to be attached to doors by welding, Committee Statement: The submitter has not provided sufficient justification riveting, or bolting (nuts on inside of door). Hinges and hasps must be installed in the substantiation to indicate why a new chapter is necessary. See also so that they cannot be removed when the doors are closed and locked. Committee Action on Proposal 1124-35 (Log #52). (4) Locks. Each door is to be equipped with (i) two mortise locks; (ii) two pad- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 locks fastened in separate hasps and staples; (iii) a combination of a mortise Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 lock and a padlock; (iv) a mortise lock that requires two keys to open; or (v) a Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, three-point lock. Padlocks must have at least five tumblers and casehardened ROBERTS shackle of at least 3/8 in. diameter. Padlocks must be protected with not less ______than1/4 in. steel hoods constructed so as to prevent sawing or lever action on 1124-42 Log# 50 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject the locks, hasps, and staples. These requirements do not apply to magazine (4.11, 4.16) doors that are adequately secured on the inside by means of a bolt, lock, or bar ______that cannot be actuated from the outside. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Recommendation: Create a new Chapter from 4.11 to 4.16 Operations at Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Fireworks Manufacturing Facilities and Display Fireworks Distribution Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Facilities. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: Operations standards are for manufacturing facilities as well ROBERTS as display fireworks distribution facilities. They need their own separate chap- ______ter. 1124-38 Log# 47 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Committee Meeting Action: Reject (4.8, 4.17) Committee Statement: The submitter has not provided sufficient justification ______in the substantiation to indicate why a new chapter is necessary. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Recommendation: Delete 4.8. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Delete section 4.17 Operation in Storage Buildings. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Renumber as needed. ROBERTS Substantiation: The requirements in 4.8 are in the new Chapter 6 and thus no ______longer needed. 1124-43 Log# 53 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle in Part Section 4.17 Operation in Storage Buildings was moved and revised to Chapter (4.15) 6 and is no longer needed in Chapter 4. ______Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Committee Statement: The action recommended by the submitter has been Recommendation: Revise 4.15 Occupancies as follows: accomplished through an errata issued to the code. 4.15.1* The number of occupants at any one time during day-to day operations Number Eligible to Vote: 29 in each process building and in each magazine with any quantity of loose Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 pyrotechnic or explosive composition, or fireworks in any stage of processing 1124-12 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 or preparation shall not exceed four (4). the number necessary to conduct pro- display fireworks, et al. anywhere except a magazine. Displays fireworks et al. duction operations. are routinely stored in shipping buildings and in some instances, process build- 4.15.2 The maximum number of occupants and maximum weight of pyrotech- ings when ATF has issued a variance. nic and explosive composition permitted in each process building or area, and Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in each magazine or shipping building shall be posted in a conspicuous loca- See Committee Action on Proposal 1124-35 (Log #52). tion in each process building or area , or magazine or shipping building . Committee Statement: See Committee Action and Committee Statement on 4.15.3 The number of occupants at any one time during shipping or receiving Proposal 1124-35 (Log #52). operations in each process building , and in each magazine or shipping build- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ing with any quantity of pyrotechnic and explosive composition, components Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 or finished fireworks in sealed shipping cartons shall not exceed six (6). Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: The existing standard is too subjective. There are few, if any, ROBERTS day-to-day operations with loose compositions or fireworks that are being pro- ______cessed that require more than 4 personnel to be in any one place at any one 1124-46 Log# 55 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject time. If the anyone can think of any, they should be detailed and substantiation (5.2 & 5.3) provided. ______Shipping and receiving of finished fireworks in sealed shipping cartons should Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. be limited as well. Recommendation: Add “, process and shipping buildings” after magazines to Weʼve experienced too many multiple fatality tragedies in this country because all requirements in 5.2 except 5.2.8.1 and 5.2.8. of a lack of any definitive standard on occupancy limits and they are not Move 5.2.8 to 5.2.1 and renumber. acceptable. Substantiation: Accuracy. These requirements also apply to shipping build- Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle in Part ings. By excluding them it appears as if they do not apply to shipping build- Reject the proposed changes to existing 4.15.1 and 4.15.2. ings. Add a new sentence to existing A.4.15.1 to read as follows: Committee Meeting Action: Reject One method for assessing the number of people necessary to conduct produc- Committee Statement: The submitter provided insufficient detail at this time tion operations is to perform a process hazard analysis as required by OSHAʼs to take this action. Process Safety Management Standard, Title 29 CFR 1910.119. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Also add the OSHA PSM Standard as reference to Annex on referenced publi- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 cations. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Committee Statement: By establishing the number of occupants as a specific ROBERTS number, this could be restricting the number necessary to no more than 4 (for ______example) in cases where 5 workers might be necessary to perform the job safe- 1124-47 Log# CP16 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept ly. The Committee action satisfies the intent of the submitter without establish- (5.2.6) ing specific numbers of people and introduces an industry practice on which to ______base that type of assessment. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Recommendation: In 5.2.6, revise item (2) as shown: Ballot Results: Affirmative: 22 Abstain: 1 (2) Fiberboard containers shall be permitted to be opened, unpacked or Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, repacked inside of or within 15.2 m (50 ft) of a magazine , provided they are ROBERTS not unpacked . Explanation of Abstention: Substantiation: Consistent with ATF Regulations 27 CFR Part 555. LATHROP: The committeeʼs desired action is not clear. Is 4.15.3 to be modi- Unpacking fiberboard containers is permitted by ATF. fied as per the proponent? It clearly is intended to reject the changes to 4.15.1 §555.214 Storage within types 1, 2, 3, and 4 magazines. and 4.15.2 and new material is added to the annex note, but what is the intent (a) Explosive materials within a magazine are not to be placed directly against with regard to 4.15.3? interior walls and must be stored so as not to interfere with ventilation. To pre- Comment on Affirmative vent contact of stored explosive materials with walls, a nonsparking lattice HECKMAN: For the Committee Meeting Action new Section 4.15.3 which work or other nonsparking material may be used. was proposed to be added should also be rejected. (b) Containers of explosive materials are to be stored so that marks are visible. Stocks of explosive materials are to be stored so they can be easily counted and checked upon inspection. ______(c) Except with respect to fiberboard or other nonmetal containers, containers 1124-44 Log# 42 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept of explosive materials are not to be unpacked or repacked inside a magazine or (4.19.5.3(4)) within 50 feet of a magazine, and must not be unpacked or repacked close to ______other explosive materials. Containers of explosive materials must be closed Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. while being stored. Recommendation: Revise text to read: Committee Meeting Action: Accept All salute shells shall be loaded into mortars prior to the display and shall not Number Eligible to Vote: 29 be reloaded during a display. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Substantiation: Clarity. Shells are normally “preloaded” to their being fired. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, The purpose was to restrict reloading during the display. If salute shells are ROBERTS reloaded during the display, it necessitates storage of salutes in ready boxes and ______handling during the display, which increases risks to the crew. 1124-48 Log# 56 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Committee Meeting Action: Accept (5.4) Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ______Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Recommendation: Move 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 to 4.9.4. ROBERTS Delete 5.4.3 and 5.4.4. ______Move 5.4.5 to a new section 4.7.5 Shipping Buildings. 1124-45 Log# 54 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle Renumber as needed. (5.1.1) Substantiation: The separation distances in 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 need to be in with ______existing requirements in 4.9.4, not the chapter dealing with storage require- Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. ments. Recommendation: Revise 5.1.1 as follows: 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 are unnecessary because shipping buildings are for display fire- 5.1.1 Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and works. explosive compositions, and black powder shall be stored in approved maga- Committee Meeting Action: Reject zines or shipping buildings at all times ,. Add new 5.1.1.3 as follows: Committee Statement: See Committee Action and Committee Statement on Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and explo- Proposal 1124-35 (Log #52). sive compositions, and black powder shall be permitted to be worked or pro- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 cessed in process buildings or areas, received, stored, picked, packed, packaged Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 and shipped in process or shipping buildings, transported and used. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Add new 5.1.1.4 as follows: ROBERTS Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and explo- sive compositions, and black powder shall be permitted to be stored in approved process buildings provided the process building meets the require- ments of a magazine for the type and quantity of fireworks, and such storage is approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Substantiation: The existing text is too narrow and does not permit storage of 1124-13 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______1124-48a Log# CP19 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept 1124-50 Log# CP13 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept (6.2.7 (New) ) (Chapter 7) ______Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Recommendation: Add a new section 6.2.7 to read as follows: Recommendation: Revise Chapter 7 as shown: 6.2.7* Third Party Testing. Chapter 7 Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks 6.2.7.1 Consumer fireworks shall be tested and certified by an approved inde- pendent third party testing agency for compliance with the regulation of the 7.1 Applicability. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in Title 16, CFR, Parts 1500 and 1507 using an approved test sampling plan. 7.1.1* Retail sales of consumer fireworks in both new and existing buildings, 6.2.7.2 Shipping cartons containing only consumer fireworks complying with structures, and facilities shall comply with the requirements of this chapter 6.2.7 shall be marked in an approved manner to indicate such compliance. unless otherwise indicated. A.6.2.7 Third Party Testing. The American Fireworks Safety Laboratory (AFSL) is an independent third party testing agency recognized by the 7.1.1.1 New. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an acceptable testing agency the following consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be for consumer fireworks. considered to be new: Substantiation: The Committee recognizes that third-party testing is currently in place and believes the code should include a requirement for testing and cer- (1) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores, which are tification. Currently AFSL is one such third-party testing agency; with this pro- not initially occupied until after the effective date of this code, unless plans are vision in the code, others could be developed. submitted and accepted for review, plans have been approved for construction, Committee Meeting Action: Accept or a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this code Number Eligible to Vote: 29 (2) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores constructed Ballot Results: Affirmative: 18 Negative: 2 Ballot Not Returned: prior to the effective date of this code and in which consumer fireworks retail 9 BOLES, BOWES, FADORSEN, HANSON, KELLY, sales have not been conducted either seasonally or year-round within one year LAIB, PLATT, ROBERTS, WEINMAN Explanation of Negative: prior to the effective date of this code HOGAN: Technically speaking this product “Consumer Fireworks” is a dan- (3) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores gerous product and in the interest of life safety we should be working toward a total ban not types of cartons or test that will do nothing to prevent injuries or (4) In a store where the area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail deaths. displays of consumer fireworks is increased after the effective date of this code, KITCHENS: I agree with the concept, but what constitutes an approved testing such that the area exceeds the limits specified in 7.5.1.1 (1), the building shall agency? What organization approves the agency? What standards are used to be considered to be a new consumer fireworks retail sales facility. approve the agency? A.6.2.7 implies that the fireworks must be tested at AFSL. 6.2.7.1 does not state to use the CFR or CPSC as the criteria for the testing 7.1.1.2 Existing. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, agency. Who will track, maintain the list, review the agency, etc.? consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores not considered to be new as If the standard for the agency is the CPSC, then so state. If the CPSC is the specified in 7.1.1.1 shall be considered to be existing. organization that will approve, track, rate, review, etc., the testing agency, then so state. State that the testing agency must be listed by the CPSC, or UL, or 7.1.1.3 Minimum Requirements. Existing life safety features that do not NFPA or some group. As written, there is no such control on the test agency. meet the requirements for new buildings, but that exceed the requirements for ______existing buildings, shall not be further diminished. 1124-49 Log# CP9 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept (6.7.1) 7.1.1.4 Modernization or Renovation. ______Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Any alteration or any installation of new equipment shall meet, as nearly as Recommendation: Revise Table 6.7.1 by adding two new lines as follows: practicable, the requirements for new construction. Only the altered, renovated, or modernized portion of an existing building, system, or individual component shall be required to meet the provisions of this Code that are applicable to new construction. If the alteration, renovation, or modernization adversely impacts Revised Table 6.7.1 required life safety features, additional upgrading shall be required. Except where another provision of this Code exempts a previously approved feature Separation Distances Exterior Wall Exterior Wall from a requirement, the resulting feature shall be not less than that required for Fire Resistance Opening Protection existing buildings.[101: 4.6.8] Rating (hr) Rating (hr) (m) (ft) 7.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the following: < 1.5 < 5 3 3 ≥ 1.5 to < 3 ≥ 5 to < 10 2 1 1/2 ≥ 3 to < 18.3 ≥ 10 to < 60 1 3/4 ≥ 18.3 ≥ 60 0 0 (1) Permanent buildings and structures, including the following:

(a) Stores (b) Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities (2) Temporary facilities, including the following: Delete 6.7.1.1: 6.7.1.1 The minimum separation distance shall not be less than 9.15 m (30 ft). (a) Consumer fireworks retail sales stands (b) Tents Substantiation: The Committee expanded the table to include separation dis- tances when buildings are closer than 10 feet. The reduced separation distances (c) Canopies have been indicated with an increase in the fire resistance rating for the wall. Committee Meeting Action: Accept (d) Membrane structures Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 7.2 Special Limits for Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks. ROBERTS Comment on Affirmative 7.2.1 Consumer Fireworks. Retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their related storage and display for sale of such fireworks, shall be in accordance HECKMAN: In the Committee Meeting Action the first line of the original with this code. table was also revised by deleting 9.15 and substituting 3 and by deleting 30 and substituting 10. 7.2.2* Retail sales of consumer fireworks shall be limited to mercantile occupancies defined in NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. 7.2.3 Any building or structure used for the retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their related storage, shall comply with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, for mercantile occupancies, except as provided herein.

1124-14 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.2.4 Display Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. Retail sales of display structures, provided that any new building or structure does not exceed one fireworks and pyrotechnic articles, including the related storage and display for story in height: sale of such fireworks and articles, shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. (1) Permanent buildings or structures constructed in accordance with the building code enforced by the authority having jurisdiction 7.2.5 Prohibited Explosive Devices. Retail sales of certain explosive devices prohibited by the Child Safety Act of 1966, including the related storage and (2) Tents, canopies, or temporary membrane structures complying display for sale of such devices, shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks with NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and retail sales facility or store. Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures 7.2.6 Pest Control Devices. The retail sales of pest control devices, including (3) Temporary structures constructed in accordance with this chapter their related storage and display for sale, shall be prohibited. (4) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands greater than 2 2 7.2.7 Noncomplying Fireworks. The retail sales of fireworks that do not 800 ft (74 m ) in area that also meet the requirements for a comply with the regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission permanent structure as set forth in 16 CFR 1500 and 1507 and the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation as set forth in 49 CFR 100 to 178, including their (5) Vehicles, such as vans, buses, trailers, recreational vehicles, motor related storage and display for sale, shall be prohibited. homes, travel trailers, trucks, and automobiles, complying with the applicable requirements for consumer fireworks retail sales stands 7.3 General Requirements for All Retail Sales. 7.3.5 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 7.3.1 Exempt Amounts. 7.3.5.1 Specification. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as required 7.3.1.1 The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to consumer fireworks for extra (high) hazard occupancy in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for retail sales facilities or stores where the consumer fireworks are in packages Portable Fire Extinguishers. and where the total quantity of consumer fireworks on hand does not exceed 125 lb (net) [56.8 kg] of pyrotechnic composition or, in a building protected 7.3.5.2 Where more than one portable fire extinguisher is required, at least one throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance fire extinguisher shall be of the multipurpose dry chemical type if the facility is with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 250 lb (net) provided with electrical power. [113.6 kg] of pyrotechnic composition. 7.3.5.3 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for permanent consumer fireworks 7.3.1.2 Where the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composition of consumer retail sales facilities and stores shall be located so that the maximum distance fireworks is not known, 25 percent of the gross weight of the consumer of travel required to reach an extinguisher from any point does not exceed 75 ft fireworks, including packaging, shall be permitted to be used to determine the (23 m) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. weight of the pyrotechnic composition. 7.3.6 Fire Alarms. 7.3.2* Permits. Where required by state or local laws, ordinances, or ® regulations, a permit for the following shall be obtained: A fire alarm system shall be provided as required by NFPA 101 , Life Safety Code®. (1) Construction, erection, or operation of the following: 7.3.7 No Smoking Signs. (a) Permanent building or structure 7.3.7.1 Smoking shall not be permitted inside or within 50 ft (15.5 m) of the consumer fireworks retail sales area. (b) Temporary structure such as a stand, tent, or canopy used for the purpose of the retail display or sale of consumer 7.3.7.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 2 in. (51 fireworks to the public mm) high on a contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted at each entrance or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of every aisle directly serving the consumer (2) Storage of consumer fireworks in connection with the retail fireworks retail sales area in a store: display or sale of consumer fireworks to the public FIREWORKS — NO SMOKING 7.3.3 Plans. Plans for facilities other than stands and tents shall include the following: 7.3.8 Distance from Bulk Dispensing and Bulk Storage. (1) Minimum distances from the following: 7.3.8.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: (a) Public ways (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers (b) Buildings (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, (c) Other consumer fireworks retail sales facilities flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas (d) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers (3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities (e) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 7.3.8.2 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment shall not be considered bulk storage. (f) Flammable and combustible liquid aboveground tank storage 7.3.8.3 Fuel storage for generators shall be in accordance with 7.11.3. (g) Flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk 7.3.9* Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan. aboveground storage and dispensing areas within 300 ft (91.5 m) of the facility used for the retail sales of For a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store, an approved fire safety consumer fireworks and evacuation plan shall be prepared in writing and maintained current. (2) Vehicle access and parking areas 7.3.10 Means of Egress. (3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers 7.3.10.1* Means of egress in tents and membrane structures used for consumer fireworks retail sales shall comply with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, and (4) Floor plan and layout of storage and displays to indicate NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, compliance with this chapter and applicable state or local laws, and Membrane Structures, as modified by Section 7.4.8. ordinances, or regulations 7.3.10.2 Number of Exits. (5) Means of egress 7.3.10.2.1 The minimum number of exits provided from the retail sales area ® (6) Construction details shall be not less than three or as determined in accordance with NFPA 101 , Life Safety Code®, whichever number is greater. 7.3.4 Construction of Buildings and Structures. Consumer fireworks shall 7.3.10.2.2 Required means of egress from the retail sales area shall not be only be permitted to be sold at retail in any of the following buildings or allowed to pass through storage rooms. 1124-15 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.3.10.3 Egress Travel Distance. fixtures shall not be displayed to a height greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) in height above the floor surface within the consumer fireworks retail sales area. Exits provided for the retail sales area of tents, membrane structures, canopies, and permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, including Class C 7.3.11.2.2 Where located along the perimeter of the consumer fireworks retail stores, shall be located so that the maximum egress travel distance, measured sales area, the maximum height of sales displays shall be limited to 12 ft (3.66 from the most remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of m). egress travel, does not exceed 75 ft (22.9 m). 7.3.11.3* Flame Breaks. 7.3.10.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in consumer fireworks retail sales area shall comply with this subsection. 7.3.11.3.1 Where continuous displays of consumer fireworks are located on shelving, cases, counters, and similar display fixtures, a flame break shall be 7.3.10.4.1 Aisle Width. provided so that the maximum distance between flame breaks does not exceed 16 ft (4.9 m) where measured along the length of the display. 7.3.10.4.1.1 Aisles shall have a minimum clear width of 48 in. (1.2 m). 7.3.11.3.2 Flame breaks shall allowed to be omitted in stores protected 7.3.10.4.1.2 The required width of aisles shall be maintained unobstructed at all throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with times the facility is occupied by the public. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. 7.3.10.4.2* Aisle Arrangements. 7.3.11.3.3 The flame break shall extend as follows: 7.3.10.4.2.1 Not less than one aisle shall be provided and arranged so that (1) From the display surface to not less than 6 in. (150 mm) above the travel along the aisle leads directly to an exit. full height of the displayed merchandise or to the underside of the display surface directly above 7.3.10.4.2.2 Other required exits shall be located at, or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of, the end of an aisle or cross aisle. (2) For the full depth of the displayed merchandise 7.3.10.4.2.3 Aisles shall terminate at an exit, another aisle, or a cross-aisle. 7.3.11.3.4* Where packaged fireworks merchandise is displayed on the same level as individual unpackaged fireworks devices, a flame break shall not be 7.3.10.4.2.4 Dead-end aisles shall be prohibited. required where both of the following criteria are met: 7.3.10.4.2.5 Where more than one aisle is provided, not less than one cross- (1) The length of the display level containing individual unpackaged aisle shall have an unobstructed connection with every aisle, other than cross- fireworks devices is interrupted by packaged fireworks aisles. merchandise, or open space, or any combination thereof, having a continuous length of not less than 8 ft (2.4 m). 7.3.10.4.2.6 Cross-aisle connections shall be provided for each aisle at intervals not greater than 50 ft (15.2 m) as measured along the aisle. (2) The distance between flame breaks does not exceed 32 ft (9.8 m). 7.3.10.4.2.7 Where cross-aisles are required, not less than one cross-aisle shall have at least one end terminate at, or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of, an exit. 7.3.11.3.5 Where a merchandise display level contains packaged fireworks merchandise, such merchandise shall be permitted to be displayed in a 7.3.10.5 Doors and Doorways. Doors and doorways used in the means of continuous length on the same level where the display does not exceed 32 ft egress shall comply with this subsection. (9.8 m) without a flame break. 7.3.10.5.1 Egress doors shall be not less than 36 in. (910 mm) in width 7.3.11.3.6 An aisle having a minimum width of 44 in. (1.1 m) shall be [providing a minimum of 32 in. (813 mm) clear width]. permitted to substitute for a flame break. 7.3.10.5.2 Exit openings from tents shall have a clear opening width of not less 7.3.11.3.7 Where displays of merchandise face aisles that run along both long than 44 in. (1,100 mm). sides of the display fixtures or display surface, a flame break shall be installed 7.3.10.5.3 For other than temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands lengthwise between the abutting display fixtures or along the approximate where the interior is not accessible to the public, every egress door that has a longitudinal centerline of the display surface so as to separate the merchandise latching device shall be provided with panic hardware complying with NFPA facing one of the aisles from the merchandise that abuts it facing the other aisle. ® ® 101 , Life Safety Code . 7.3.11.3.8 Freestanding display racks, pallets, tables, or bins containing 7.3.10.5.4 Means of egress doors shall be of the side-hinge swinging type and packaged fireworks merchandise shall be permitted without flame breaks, shall be arranged to swing in the direction of egress travel. provided the dimensions of the area occupied by the fireworks merchandise do not exceed 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, 8 ft (2.4 m) in length, and 6 ft (1.8 m) in height, and the displayed fireworks merchandise is separated from other 7.3.10.6 Exit Signs. displays of merchandise by aisles having a minimum clear width of 4 ft (1.2 m). 7.3.10.6.1 7.3.11.3.9 Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display fixtures are constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less than 1⁄4 in. Exits shall be marked by an approved exit sign in accordance with NFPA 101®, ® (6 mm) thick which are separated from each other by an open space not less Life Safety Code . than 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) wide, a flame break shall not be required as specified in 7.3.11.3.7. 7.3.10.6.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or internally or externally illuminated. 7.3.11.4 Shelving. 7.3.10.7 Emergency Lighting. 7.3.11.4.1 Shelving or other surfaces used to support fireworks display merchandise shall be permitted to have not more than 10 percent of the area of 7.3.10.7.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be the shelf contain holes or other openings. illuminated whenever the facility is occupied in accordance with NFPA 101®, ® Life Safety Code . 7.3.11.4.2 The 10 percent limitation on the area of holes or other openings in the shelf used to support fireworks display merchandise shall not be applicable 7.3.10.7.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks under the following conditions: retail sales facilities and stores and shall comply with NFPA 101®, Life Safety ® Code . (1) Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display fixtures are constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less 7.3.11* Retail Sales Displays. than 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick, which are separated from each other by an open space not less than 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) wide 7.3.11.1 General. The requirements of this section shall apply only to consumer fireworks retail sales areas, unless otherwise specifically indicated. (2) Where such merchandise is suspended from or fastened to the shelf or surface or is displayed as packaged merchandise on the 7.3.11.2* Height of Sales Displays. To provide for visual access of the retail surface or in bins sales area by the employees and customers, partitions, counters, shelving, cases, and similar space dividers shall not exceed 6 ft (1.8 m) in height above the floor 7.3.11.4.3 Flame breaks and solid display surfaces shall not be required for surface inside the perimeter of the retail sales area. packaged fireworks merchandise displayed in bins or display racks or on pallets or tables located at the end of a row of display fixtures where the following 7.3.11.2.1 Merchandise on display or located on shelves or counters or other conditions are met: 1124-16 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 (1) Such end displays shall be separated from the ends of the display free of accumulations of debris and rubbish. fixtures by an open space not less than 3 in. (76 mm) wide. 7.3.16.2 Any loose pyrotechnic composition shall be removed immediately. (2) The fireworks merchandise shall occupy an area having dimensions not greater than the width of the end of the row of 7.3.16.3 Vacuum cleaners or other mechanical cleaning devices shall not be display fixtures and a depth not greater than 36 in. (910 mm). used. (3) The minimum required widths of the adjacent aisles shall be 7.3.16.4 Brooms, brushes, and dustpans used to sweep up any loose powder or maintained, but in no case shall the aisle width be less than 48 in. (1.2 m). dust shall be made of non-sparking materials. 7.3.11.5 Covered Fuses. 7.3.16.5 Consumer fireworks devices that are damaged shall be removed and not offered for sale. 7.3.11.5.1 Only consumer fireworks meeting the criteria for covered fuses as defined in Section 3.3 or as described in 7.3.11.5.2 shall be permitted in an area 7.3,16.6 Damaged consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be returned to the in which the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted. dealer or shall be disposed of properly. 7.3.11.5.2 A consumer fireworks device shall also be considered as having 7.3.17* Training. All personnel handling consumer fireworks shall receive a covered fuse if the fireworks device is contained within a packaged safety training related to the performance of their duties. arrangement, container, or wrapper that is arranged and configured, such that the fuse of the fireworks device cannot be touched directly by a person handling 7.3.18 Under the Influence. Any person selling consumer fireworks shall not the fireworks without the person having to puncture or tear the packaging or knowingly sell consumer fireworks to any person who is obviously under the wrapper, unseal or break open a package or container, or otherwise damage influence of alcohol or drugs. or destruct the packaging material, wrapping, or container within which the fireworks are contained. 7.3.19 Records. 7.3.11.6* Aerial Devices. Aerial devices shall be packaged and displayed 7.3.19.1 Records shall be maintained on available inventory on the premise. for sale in a manner that will limit travel distance of ejected pyrotechnic components if ignition of the fireworks occurs. 7.3.19.2 Records shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction upon request. 7.3.11.7* Combustible materials and merchandise shall not be stored directly above the consumer fireworks in retail sales displays unless a horizontal barrier 7.4 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Facility Requirements. is installed directly above the consumer fireworks as prescribed in 7.4.1(e) of NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. 7.4.1 Permit. Where required, plans for consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction with the permit application. 7.3.12 Equipment. All electrical wiring shall be in accordance with NFPA 70, ® National Electrical Code . 7.4.2 Site Plan. The site plan for stands and tents shall show the location of the stand or tent on the site and indicate the minimum separation distances required 7.3.13 Heating Equipment. by Section 7.4.7. 7.3.13.1 Heating units shall be listed and shall be used in accordance with their 7.4.3 Construction Materials. The following construction materials listing. requirements shall apply to new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales 7.3.13.2 Temporary heating sources shall have tip-over and temperature- facilities in jurisdictions that have not adopted a local building code: overheat protection. (1) Buildings having an area up to and including 8,000 ft2 (743 m2) 7.3.13.3 Open-flame and exposed-element heating devices shall be prohibited. shall be permitted to be constructed of any approved construction materials. 7.3.13.4 Class II and Class III combustible liquid generator fuel shall be limited 2 2 to not more than 5 gal (18.9 L). (2) Buildings having an area greater than 8,000 ft (743 m ) shall be constructed in accordance with one of the following: 7.3.13.5 Portable generators shall be permitted to use Class I flammable liquids as fuel provided the quantity of such fuel is limited to 2 gal (7.6 L). (a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited-combustible materials. 7.3.14 Operations. (b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance 7.3.14.1 General. Means of egress including, but not limited to aisles, doors, rating of not less than 2 hours shall be permitted to have and exit discharge, shall be clear at all times when the facility or the building is the roof decking and its supporting structure and interior occupied. partitions constructed of combustible materials. 7.3.14.2 Distances from Entrances and Exits. (3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum rating of Class C as determined in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard 7.3.14.2.1 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 5 Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings. ft (1.5 m) of any public entrance in an enclosed building or structure. 7.4.4 Multiple-Tenant Buildings. 7.3.14.2.2 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 2 ft (0.6 m) of any public exit, or private entrance or exit in an enclosed building 7.4.4.1 Where new consumer fireworks retail sales facilities are located in a or structure. building containing other tenants, the consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be separated from the other tenants by fire barriers having a fire resistance 7.3.14.3 Security. rating of not less than 2 hours without openings. 7.3.14.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be secured 7.4.4.2 Where the new consumer fireworks retail sales facility is protected per when unoccupied and not open for business, unless fireworks are not kept in the NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, the fire resistance facility during such times. rating of the fire barrier in 7.4.4.1 shall be permitted to be not less than 1 hour. 7.3.14.3.2 The fireworks displayed or stored in a consumer fireworks facility 7.4.4.3 Any penetrations of the fire barriers shall be protected in accordance or store shall be allowed to be removed and transferred to a temporary storage with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. structure or location. 7.3.15 Display and Handling. 7.4.5 Fire Protection. Not less than 50 percent of the available floor area within the retail sales area 7.4.5.1 Automatic Sprinkler System. shall be open space that is unoccupied by retail displays and used only for aisles and cross-aisles. 7.4.5.1.1 An automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be 7.3.16* Housekeeping. provided throughout permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales are conducted in the following 7.3.16.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales areas and storage rooms shall be kept buildings: 1124-17 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 (1) New buildings greater than 6,000 ft2 (557.2 m2) in area merchandise and materials used, stored, or displayed for sale in the facility. (2) Existing buildings greater than 7,500 ft2 (694 m2) in area. 7.4.6.4 Fireworks Discharge. 7.4.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible 7.4.6.4.1 Fireworks shall not be ignited, discharged, or otherwise used within and visual alarms throughout the consumer fireworks retail sales facility in 300 ft (91.5 m) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. accordance with NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®. 7.4.6.4.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 4 in. (102 7.4.5.2 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer fireworks in a new mm) high on a contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted on the permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store shall be protected exterior of each side of the consumer fireworks retail sales facility: with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or separated from the retail NO FIREWORKS DISCHARGE WITHIN 300 FEET sales area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. 7.4.5.2.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected 7.4.7 Separation Distances. by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating of not less than 3⁄4 hour and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, 7.4.7.1 Permanent Facilities. Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. 7.4.7.1.1 New Facilities. New permanent consumer fireworks retail sales 7.4.5.2.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be ® ® facilities shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures in protected in accordance with NFPA 101 , Life Safety Code . accordance with Table 7.4.7.1.1. 7.4.5.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Table 7.4.7.1.1 Separation Distances Between New Permanent Buildings and Structures 7.4.5.3.1 Every consumer fireworks retail sales facility and store shall have not Separation Exterior Exterior Wall less than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating, at least one Wall Fire Opening of which shall be of the pressurized water type. Distances Resistance Protection 7.4.5.3.2 Portable fire extinguishers for temporary consumer fireworks retail Rating Rating sales facilities shall be installed and located so that the maximum distance of (hr) (hr) travel required to reach an extinguisher from any point does not exceed 35 ft m ft (10.6 m). < 3.05 < 10 2 11⁄2 1 3⁄4 7.4.5.4 Public Notification. In permanent consumer fireworks retail sales 2 2 3.05 10 to facilities greater than 3,000 ft (278.6 m ) in area and in Class B stores a public to < < 60 address system or a means for manually activating an audible and visible alarm 18.3 indicating devices located throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 0 0 ® ® 72 , National Fire Alarm Code , shall be provided at a constantly attended 18.3 60 location when the consumer fireworks retail sales facility is occupied. 7.4.5.5 Smoke Control. 7.4.7.1.2 Existing Facilities. Existing permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and 7.4.5.5.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with structures by not less than 10 ft (3.05 m) or shall be separated by a wall with a NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in the 1-hour fire resistance rating. consumer fireworks retail sales area of new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores where the ceiling height is less than 10 ft (3.05 m) 7.4.7.2 Temporary Facilities. Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales and the travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 25 ft (7.6 m). facilities shall be located as specified in Table 7.4.7.2.

7.4.5.5.2 The smoke and heat vents required by 7.4.5.5.1 shall be automatically 7.4.7.3 Other Separation Distances. activated by a smoke detection system installed throughout the consumer ® fireworks retail sales area in accordance withNFPA 72 , National Fire Alarm 7.4.7.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall not be Code®. located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following:

7.4.6 Site Requirements. (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers

7.4.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, building, sidewall of a tent, or other defined perimeter of a consumer fireworks flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas retail sales facility or store shall be accessible within 150 ft (45.7 m) of a public way or an approved fire apparatus access. (3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities

7.4.6.2 Clearance to Combustibles. The area located within 30 ft (9 m) of a 7.4.7.3.2 New consumer fireworks retail sales consumer fireworks retail sales facility shall be kept free of accumulated dry grass, dry brush, and combustible debris. facilities and stores, existing consumer fireworks retail sales stands and tents, and temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall not be located 7.4.6.3 Parking. No motor vehicle or trailer used for the storage of consumer within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: fireworks shall be parked within 10 ft (3 m) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility, except when delivering, loading, or unloading fireworks or other (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers

Table 7.4.7.2 Temporary Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facilities — Minimum Separation Distances Buildings Combustiblesa Tentsb Vehicle Parking Standsc Storage of Consumer Fireworks m ft m ft m ft m ft m ft m ft Tentsb 6.1 20 6.1 20 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 6.1 20 Standsc 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 3.05 10 1.5d 5d 6.1 20 a The required clearances to combustibles shall also comply with 7.6.2. b Tents refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales in tents, canopies, and membrane structures. c Stands refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands. d Where stands are separated from each other by less than 20 ft (6.1 m), the aggregate area of such stands shall not exceed 74 m2 (800 ft2).

1124-18 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.4.7.3.3 Existing consumer fireworks retail sales consumer fireworks does not exceed 25 percent of the area of the 2 2 facilities, other than consumer fireworks retail sales stands, tents, and temporary retail sales floor in the building or 600 ft (55.5 m ), whichever is facilities, and existing stores shall not be located within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the less. following: (2) The consumer fireworks are displayed and sold in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdiction and comply with the (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers applicable provisions of this code, federal and state law, and local 7.4.7.3.4 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment shall not be ordinances. considered bulk storage. 7.5.1.2 Sales in Stores. Consumer fireworks displayed for sale in stores shall comply with the following: 7.4.8 Means of Egress. (1) Such fireworks shall be under the visual supervision of a store 7.4.8.1 General. Means of egress in consumer fireworks retail sales facilities employee or other responsible party while the store is open to the shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 101®, Life Safety public. Code®, as modified by Section 7.4.8. (2) Such fireworks shall be packaged fireworks merchandise. 7.4.8.2 The evacuation plan shall be posted in a conspicuous location that is accessible to the public as well as to persons employed or otherwise working in (3)* Such fireworks shall be packaged and displayed for sale in a the consumer fireworks retail sales facility. manner that will limit travel distance of ejected pyrotechnical components if ignition of the fireworks occurs. 7.4.8.3 Exit signs shall not be required to be illuminated in tents or stands that are not open for business after dusk, or in temporary consumer fireworks retail (4) Where consumer fireworks meeting the requirements of C.3.1.2 or sales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public. C.3.1.3 for aerial devices and audible ground devices, respectively, are sold, such devices shall be displayed for sale in an area of the 7.4.8.4 Emergency lighting shall not be required in tents or stands that are not store that is physically separated from the rest of the store in a open for business after dusk or for temporary consumer fireworks retail sales manner that restricts entry by the public and the area of the store stands where the interior is not accessible to the public. shall be provided with not less than two means of egress so located, that there is no common path of travel and the distance to reach an 7.4.9 Source of Ignition. egress point from the area does not exceed 35 ft (10.7 m). 7.4.9.1 Battery powered equipment, electrical equipment, and electrical cords 7.5.2 Egress. that are used in conjunction with a consumer fireworks retail sales facility area shall be listed and shall be used in accordance with their listing. 7.5.2.1 Means of egress in stores and bulk merchandising retail buildings where the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted shall comply with NFPA 7.4.9.1.1 Temporary wiring installed in a temporary structure including tents 101®, Life Safety Code®, unless otherwise specified in Section 7.5.2. and canopies shall comply with Article 305 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®. 7.5.2.2 The following locations where consumer fireworks are sold shall be permitted to have a minimum of two exits: 7.4.9.1.2 Where temporary electrical conductors are placed on top of an outdoor surface to connect the permanent power source to the temporary (1) Retail sales areas within Class C stores consumer fireworks retail sales facilityʼs temporary electrical system, the conductors shall be provided with physical protection against damage caused by (2) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands pedestrian or vehicular traffic. (3) Existing permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities not 2 2 7.4.9.2 Portable Generators. greater than 3,000 ft (279 m ) in area, other than tents. 7.4.9.2.1 Portable generators supplying power to consumer fireworks retail 7.5.3 Other Separation Distances. sales facilities shall use only Class II or Class III combustible liquid fuels. 7.5.3.1 Stores shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: 7.4.9.2.2 Portable generators shall be located not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) from the consumer fireworks retail sales facility. (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 7.4.9.2.3 Generator fuels shall be stored not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) from the consumer fireworks retail sales facility. (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas 7.4.9.2.4* Where the generator fuel storage is located not less than 50 ft (15.2 m) from the consumer fireworks retail sales facility, the quantity of such fuel (3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities shall not be limited by 7.11.3. 7.5.3.2 New stores shall not be located within 50 ft 7.4.9.3 Cooking Equipment. (15.2 m) of the following: 7.4.9.3.1 Cooking equipment of any type shall not be permitted within 20 ft (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers (6.1 m) of tents, canopies, or membrane structures used for the storage or sale of consumer fireworks. 7.5.3.3 Fireworks shall not be ignited, discharged, or otherwise used within 300 ft (91.5 m) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. 7.4.9.3.2 Open flame cooking equipment of any type shall not be allowed within 50 ft (15.2 m) of tents, canopies, or membrane structures used for the 7.5.4 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer fireworks in a new storage or sale of consumer fireworks. permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, 7.4.10 The floor area occupied by the retail displays of consumer fireworks in Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or separated from the retail permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities shall not exceed 40 percent sales area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. of the available floor area within the retail sales area. 7.5.4.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected 7.4.11 In consumer fireworks retail sales facilities where one of the aisles does by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating not serve as part of the means of egress for the public, the flame break required of not less than 3⁄4 hour and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, in 7.3.11.3 shall not be required. Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. 7.5 Stores. 7.5.4.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®. 7.5.1 General. 7.5.5 Notification. 7.5.1.1 For the purpose of this chapter, stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales are conducted shall not be considered consumer fireworks retail 7.5.5.1 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visual alarms throughout the consumer fireworks retail sales facility in sales facilities as defined in Section 3.3 where both of the following conditions ® ® exist: accordance with NFPA 72 , National Fire Alarm Code . (1) The area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail displays of 7.5.5.2 In Class B stores a public address system or a means for manually 1124-19 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 activating an audible and visible alarm indicating devices located throughout anything changes, this draft will need to reflect those changes either during the the facility in accordance with NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, shall be ballot recirculation or during the ROC meeting. provided at a constantly attended location when the consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store is occupied. ______7.5.6 Smoke Control. 1124-51 Log# 17 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (7.1.1.1 and 7.1.1.2 (New) ) 7.5.6.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with NFPA ______204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in the consumer Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American fireworks retail sales area of new permanent consumer fireworks retail sales Pyrotechnics Association facilities or stores where the ceiling height is less than 10 ft (3.05 m) and the Recommendation: Add new Sections 7.1.1.1 and 7.1.1.2 as follows: travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 25 ft (7.6 m). 7.1.1.1 New. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, the following consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores in which con- 7.5.6.2 The smoke and heat vents required by 7.4.5.5.1 shall be automatically sumer fireworks retail sales are conducted shall be considered to be new: activated by a smoke detection system installed throughout the consumer (1) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores in which fireworks retail sales area in accordance withNFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm ® consumer fireworks retail sales are conducted and which are occupied after the Code . effective date of this code 7.6 Stands. (2) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities (3) Existing stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales have not been con- 7.6.1 Egress. Exits provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands shall be ducted either seasonally or year-round prior to the effective date of this code located so that the maximum egress travel distance as measured from the most 7.1.1.2 Existing. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel the following consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores in which con- does not exceed 35 ft (10.6 m). sumer fireworks retail sales are conducted shall be considered to be existing provided they existed or were approved for construction or installation prior to 7.6.2 Temporary Stands. the effective date of this code: (1) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities where seasonal or year- 7.6.2.1 Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands of less than 200 ft2 round sales of fireworks are conducted (18.6 m2) shall be required to have only one portable fire extinguisher. (2) Stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales are conducted seasonally or year-round 7.6.2.2 An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall not be required for Substantiation: Since Section 7.1.1 of the new Chapter 7 Retail Sales of temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands. Consumer Fireworks requires the retail sales of consumer fireworks regulations to apply to both new and existing buildings, structures, and facilities in accor- 7.6.2.3 Retail sales areas within temporary consumer fireworks retail sales dance with Chapter 7, it is necessary to define which building, structures, and stands shall have a minimum of two exits. facilities are considered new and which are considered existing in order to 7.6.2.4 Customers shall not be permitted inside a temporary consumer properly apply the requirements of Chapter 7. This exercise becomes necessary fireworks retail sales stand unless it complies with the means of egress since there are many venues in which consumer fireworks are sold, some of requirements in Section 7.3.10. which utilize temporary facilities and some of which use permanent facilities that are not occupied throughout the year. Others use stores where other mer- 7.6.3 Stands Not Open to the Public. chandise is primarily sold and where consumer fireworks may only be sold on a seasonable basis so the consumer fireworks are not always present, yet the 7.6.3.1 Minimum Clear Width of Aisles. In temporary consumer fireworks store is existing. retail sales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public, the minimum The American Pyrotechnics Association (APA) has evaluated the potential sce- clear width of the aisle shall be permitted to be not less than 28 in. (710 mm). narios and has determined that the criteria for determining what is new as pro- posed in new Section 7.1.1.1 and what is existing as proposed in new Section 7.6.3.2 Egress Doors. Egress doors provided for temporary fireworks retail 7.1.1.2 should help clarify how to apply Chapter 7 to both new and existing sales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public shall be permitted buildings, structures, and facilities where consumer fireworks are sold at retail. to be not less than 28 in. (710 mm) in width. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Add new Sections 7.1.1.1, 7.1.1.2, and 7.1.13 as follows: 7.6.3.3 Storage. In temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the 7.1.1.1 New. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, the interior is not accessible to the public, the maximum height of sales displays following consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be consid- shall be limited to 8 ft (2.44 m). ered to be new: (1) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores, which are 7.6.3.4 Flame Breaks. Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where not initially occupied until after the effective date of this code, unless plans are the interior is not accessible to the public shall not be required to comply with submitted and accepted for review, plans have been approved for construction, 7.3.11.3. or a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this code (2) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores constructed 7.6.3.5 Covered Fuses. Individual consumer fireworks items displayed for sale prior to the effective date of this code and in which consumer fireworks retail in temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands where the interior is not sales have not been conducted either seasonally or year-round within one year accessible to the public shall not be required to have covered fuses. prior to the effective date of this code 7.6.3.6 Sales Display. The following shall apply to the sales display of (3) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores consumer fireworks in temporary consumer retail sales stands that do not allow (4) In a store where the area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail dis- access to the interior of the stand by the public: plays of consumer fireworks is increased after the effective date of this code, such that the area exceeds the limits specified in 7.1.4 (1), the building shall be (1) Consumer fireworks shall be displayed in a manner that prevents considered to be a new consumer fireworks retail sales facility. the fireworks from being handled by persons other than those 7.1.1.2 Existing. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, operating, supervising, or working in the temporary consumer consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores not considered to be new as fireworks retail sales stand. specified in 7.1.1.1 shall be considered to be existing. 7.1.1.3 Minimum Requirements. Existing life safety features that do not meet (2) The handling requirements of (1) shall not apply to packaged the requirements for new buildings, but that exceed the requirements for exist- assortments, boxes, or similarly packaged containers of one or more items, ing buildings, shall not be further diminished. regardless of type. 7.1.1.4 Modernization or Renovation. [Text extracted from NFPA 101, 4.6.8] Any alteration or any installation of new equipment shall meet, as nearly as Substantiation: The Committee proposes the reorganized Chapter 7 as it pro- practicable, the requirements for new construction. Only the altered, renovated, vides a more user-friendly approach to presenting the requirements in this or modernized portion of an existing building, system, or individual component Chapter. Now, each type of CFRS facility has its requirements in one place and shall be required to meet the provisions of this Code that are applicable to new not scattered throughout the chapter. construction. If the alteration, renovation, or modernization adversely impacts Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 29 required life safety features, additional upgrading shall be required. Except where another provision of this Code exempts a previously approved feature Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 from a requirement, the resulting feature shall be not less than that required for Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, existing buildings.[101: 4.6.8] ROBERTS Comment on Affirmative Note: last sentence of the above extracted language from NFPA 101 is con- tained in new 7.1.1.3. HECKMAN: First it should be noted that this proposed reformatting of Chapter Add annex item to 7.1.1 to read as follows: 7 has incorporated all the Proposals accepted by the NFPA Pyrotechnics A.7.1.1 To assist the user of this code in determining whether a consumer fire- Technical Committee during the ROP meeting held in San Diego. Therefore, if works retail sales facility or store is new or existing for the purpose of applying 1124-20 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 this code, the following table has been provided: Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ROBERTS Venue Type Application ______Temporary Stand – Seasonal New 1124-54 Log# 20 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Temporary Tent – Seasonal New Temporary Facility – Seasonal New (7.5.1.1) Temporary Stores (including Bulk Retail New ______– Seasonal Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Permanent Stand2 Pyrotechnics Association – Year Round Existing Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: – Seasonal Existing 7.5.1.1 An automatic sprinkler system designed shall be required and shall be Permanent Stand1 installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler – Year Round New Systems, and shall be provided in throughout permanent consumer fireworks – Seasonal New retail sales facilities and stores in which consumer fireworks retail sales are Permanent Tent2 conducted in the following buildings: – Year Round Existing (1) New buildings greater than 557m 2 (6,000 ft 2 ) in area 2 2 – Seasonal Existing (2) Existing buildings greater than 694m (7,500 ft ) in area. Permanent Tent1 Substantiation: Section 7.5.1.1 was revised on the floor of the 2002 NFPA – Year Round New Fall Meeting during the Technical Committee Report (TCR) Session when the – Seasonal New new edition of NFPA 1124 was acted on by the NFPA voting membership. Permanent CFRS facility2 Public Comment 1124-93/Log #163 was successfully moved on the floor to – Year Round Existing amend Section 7.5.1.1 to read as it currently does in the 2003 edition of NFPA – Seasonal Existing 1124. However, we believe the intent of the Public Comment was to apply only Permanent CFRS facility1 to new buildings which would include not only consumer fireworks retail sales – Year Round New facilities, but also stores where consumer fireworks are sold at retail. During – Seasonal New the second round of processing the public comments by the NFPA Pyrotechnics Permanent Store2 Technical Committee, new Section 7.1.1 was introduced which required both – Year Round Existing new and existing buildings, structures, and facilities where the retail sales of – Seasonal Existing consumer fireworks were conducted to comply with Chapter 7 unless specifi- Permanent Store1 cally indicated otherwise. Yet the submitter of the Public Comment was not – Year Round New aware of that action. Since the Public Comment could not be amended on the – Seasonal New floor to indicate that it applied only to new buildings, it went into the code and Note: Change in display or exit layout may require new permit became applicable to existing buildings as well since there was no specific based on local requirements. exception for existing buildings regarding sprinkler requirements in the ROC 1 – Sales not conducted within 1 year prior to the effective date Draft. 2 – Sales conducted within 1 year prior the the effective date Thus, this proposal accomplishes two things. First, it requires stores where con- CFRS facility – consumer fireworks retail sales facility sumer fireworks are sold at retail to be sprinklered at the same threshold as required for permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, i.e. 6,000 sq. ft. Second, it establishes a higher sprinkler threshold of 7,500 sq. ft. in area for Committee Statement: The action by the Committee is consistent with a pro- existing buildings where consumer fireworks are sold at retail. The 7,500 sq. ft. posed TIA submitted to add new text for “new” and “existing”. The Committee number is based on the 6,000 sq. ft. number for new buildings. Presently, also added text from NFPA 101 that addresses the status of existing buildings Section 36.3.5.1 of NFPA 101-2003, Life Safety Code requires sprinklers for that do not meet the requirements for new buildings. In addition, the new mercantile occupancies greater than 12,000 sq. ft. in area. Section 37.3.5.1 Committee added a table to the annex that provides guidance on the application requires existing mercantile occupancies greater than 15,000 sq. ft. in area to of the requirements in Chapter 7 of the code to the various types of new and be sprinklered. Our logic assumes that since Section 7.5.1.1 would require new existing structures. buildings to be sprinklered at 6,000 sq. ft which is one half the threshold Number Eligible to Vote: 29 requirement in NFPA 101 for mercantile occupancies in general, then it would Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 make sense to do the same for existing buildings and take one half of the sprin- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, kler threshold requirement in NFPA 101 for mercantile occupancies to arrive at ROBERTS the 7,500 sq. ft. threshold proposed by this proposal. Comment on Affirmative This will alleviate some of the hardship that will be imposed on existing build- HECKMAN: For the Committee Meeting Action it should state: ings that fall between 6,000 sq. ft. and 7,500 sq. ft in area, many of which Add new Sections 7.1.1.1, 7.1.1.2, [and] 7.1.1.3 and 7.1.1.4. occur in rural areas where there is not an adequate water supply to provide suf- ficient pressure and flow for an automatic sprinkler system. So requiring a ret- rofit of a sprinkler system in such facilities would be a significant cost burden ______which most likely would force the facility to go out of business. We believe 1124-52 Log# 18 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept this proposal provides a reasonable compromise for existing consumer fire- (7.4.3.2) works retail sales venues. ______Committee Meeting Action: Accept Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Pyrotechnics Association Ballot Results: Affirmative: 20 Negative: 3 Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 7.4.3.2 Where the new consumer fireworks retail sales facility building is ROBERTS protected per NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, the Explanation of Negative: fire resistance rating of the fire barrier in 7.4.3.1 shall be permitted to be not JAMES: My negative vote is based on the lack of any submitted test results less than 1 hour. and information based for the area or reduction of area for the minimum sprin- Substantiation: Editorial clarification to be consistent with Section 7.4.3.1. kler square footage. The current square feet used for minimum size of area Committee Meeting Action: Accept where sprinkler protection is needed was determined through the voting pro- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 cess and no additional test or justification has been submitted to make this Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 change. Modification may be appropriate upon review of approved testing. Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, LAMB: Changing vote from abstention to either affirmative or negative. ROBERTS Negative based on Mr. Lathrop, Mr. Westcott and Mr. James. ______LATHROP: I do not believe that there is adequate substantiation to increase the 1124-53 Log# 19 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept sprinkler threshold. If anything the sprinkler threshold should be lowered to the (7.4.3.3 (New) ) 1,000 sq ft range. ______Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American ______Pyrotechnics Association 1124-55 Log# CP14 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Recommendation: Add a new Section 7.4.3.3 to read as follows: (7.5.2.1) 7.4.3.3 Any penetrations of the fire barriers shall be protected in accordance ______with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Substantiation: To be consistent with Section 7.4.4.2 by requiring penetra- Recommendation: Revise the existing text as shown: tions to be properly protected where they penetrate fire barriers. 7.5.2.1 Specification. Portable fire extinguishers shall be specified provided as Committee Meeting Action: Accept required for extra (high) hazard occupancy in accordance with NFPA 10, Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Substantiation: This is an editorial change to clarify the requirement. 1124-21 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Committee Meeting Action: Accept (3) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flamma- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ble gas, or flammable liquefied gas Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 (4) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Substantiation: Section 7.7.3.1 was revised during the 2002 NFPA Fall ROBERTS Meeting Technical Committee Reports (TCR) Session when the new edition of ______NFPA 1124 was voted on by the NFPA general membership. However, a new 1124-56 Log# 21 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Section 7.1.1 had been developed by the NFPA Pyrotechnics Technical (7.5.2.2.2) Committee during the ROC phase to require both new and existing buildings, ______structures, and facilities where consumer fireworks are sold at retail to comply Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American with Chapter 7 unless specifically indicated otherwise. Unfortunately, since the Pyrotechnics Association Public Comment 1124-116 (Log #89) that was successfully moved on the floor Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: could not be revised during the TCR Session, it became applicable to both new 7.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks retail sales facility and and existing consumer fireworks retail sales venues. store shall have not less than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum The purpose of this proposal is to differentiate between the new and existing 2A rating, at least one of which shall be of the pressurized water type. sales venues for consumer fireworks and to trigger the 50 foot separation dis- Substantiation: We believe this was an oversight that occurred when new tance for new venues and allow the required separation distance to be reduced Chapter 7 was added to NFPA 1124 during the last revision cycle. The fire to 25 feet for existing venues. We believe this is a realistic approach for exist- extinguisher requirement was intended to apply to stores, as well as consumer ing facilities for which the 50 foot separation distance would prove a hardship fireworks retail sales facilities. and may actually cause many to go out of business, especially where consumer Committee Meeting Action: Accept fireworks are sold at retail in convenience stores associated with automotive Number Eligible to Vote: 29 service stations. We believe that a 25 foot separation should be adequate for Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 existing installations where consumer fireworks are sold at retail, especially Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, given the fact that consumer fireworks do not pose an explosion hazard. We ROBERTS also have some anecdotal information on several fires which have occurred in ______consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or in buildings directly adjacent to 1124-57 Log# 22 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept such facilities which did not spread to the adjacent buildings that were closer (7.6.1) than 25 feet apart. Therefore, we request the Committee to accept our proposal ______to differentiate between new and existing retail sales venues for consumer fire- Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American works and the separation distances required. Pyrotechnics Association Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Revise Section 7.7.3.1 and add a new Section 7.7.3.2 and 7.7.3.3 as follows 7.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a building, and renumber the remaining sections accordingly: sidewall of a tent, or other defined perimeter of a consumer fireworks retail 7.7.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall not be located sales facility or store shall be accessible within 45.7 m (150 ft) of a public way within 15.2 m (50 ft) of the following: or an approved fire apparatus access. (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers Substantiation: We believe this was an oversight that occurred when new ( 2 1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers Chapter 7 was added to NFPA 1124 during the last revision cycle. The fire ( 3 2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flam- department access requirement was intended to apply to stores, as well as con- mable gas, or flammable liquefied gas sumer fireworks retail sales facilities. ( 4 3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities Committee Meeting Action: Accept 7.7.3.2 New consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores, existing con- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 sumer fireworks retail sales stands and tents, and temporary consumer fire- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 works retail sales facilities shall not be located within 15.2 m (50 ft) of the fol- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, lowing: ROBERTS (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers ______7.7.3.3 Existing consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, other than consumer 1124-58 Log# CP4 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept fireworks retail sales stands, tents, and temporary facilities, and existing stores (7.7) shall not be located within 7.6 m (25 ft) of the following: ______(1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Committee Statement: The Committee modified the proposed language by Recommendation: Revise 7.3.2.2 (1)(d) and (1)(e) by adding “dispensers” to establishing 3 conditions and separation distances. The greatest distance was the end of each item. preserved for the retail propane facilities and natural gas dispensing facilities (d) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers along with aboveground storage locations of liquid or gaseous fuels. In addi- (e) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers tion, the Committee differentiated between new and existing motor vehicle fuel Also revise 7.7.3.1 (4) by changing “facilities” to “station dispensers” dispensing - 50 feet separation for new facilities and 25 feet for existing. The (4) Compressed natural gas dispensing station dispensers Committee believes these changes increase the safety for new facilities at the Substantiation: This is an editorial clarification to indicate that the separation most common venue - separation to motor vehicle fuel and provides acceptable is to the station dispenser and not necessarily just to the station or the facility, relief to existing facilities. which might imply the building associated with the dispensing areas. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Committee Meeting Action: Accept Ballot Results: Affirmative: 20 Negative: 3 Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 ROBERTS Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Explanation of Negative: ROBERTS LAMB: See my Explanation of Negative on 1124-54 (Log #20). ______LATHROP: After reviewing Mr. Westcottʼs negative, I discovered that the 1124-59 Log# 23 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle change not only affects gasoline dispensing, which I am not too concerned (7.7.3.1 and 7.7.3.2 (New)) about, but would also affect other motor vehicle fuel dispensing such as pro- ______pane and LNG. I do not agree with that. Mr. Westcott also points out the Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American exempt amounts would adequately cover the convenience store. Pyrotechnics Association WESTCOTT: I think the fifty foot clearance is needed for both new and exist- Recommendation: Revise Section 7.7.3.1 and add a new Section 7.7.3.2 as ing facilities. My concern is that the projectile nature of many types of con- follows and renumber the remaining sections accordingly: sumer fireworks, should accidental or malicious ignition occur, would ignite 7.7.3.1 New consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores in which con- vapors present during gasoline or propane filling operations. There is currently sumer fireworks retail sales are conducted and existing consumer fireworks a threshold limit that allows a small amount of fireworks to be sold, even with- retail sales stands and temporary facilities in which consumer fireworks retail in the fifty foot limit. I believe this is enough. sales are conducted shall not be located within 15.2 m (50 ft) of the following: (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers ______(2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 1124-60 Log# CP5 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept (3) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, flammable (7.8.1.3) gas, or flammable liquefied gas ______(4) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics 7.7.3.2 Existing consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, other than consumer Recommendation: Add the following new paragraph 7.8.1.3 as follows: fireworks retail sales stands and temporary facilities, shall not be located within 7.8.1.3 (new) Required means of egress from the retail sales area shall not be 7.6 m (25 ft) of the following: allowed to pass through storage rooms. (1) Motor vehicle fuel-dispensing station dispensers Substantiation: The Committee included this requirement to clarify the intent (2) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers for the qualifying exits to indicate that those exits are not to pass through stor- 1124-22 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 age rooms. Code. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, ROBERTS ROBERTS Comment on Affirmative HECKMAN: The word “located” in the first line of 7.8.4.2 should be shown ______underlined. 1124-61 Log# 24 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle (7.8.3.2) ______Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American 1124-63 Log# 25 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Pyrotechnics Association (7.10.3.2) Recommendation: Revise Section 7.8.3.2 as follows: ______7.8.3.2 Retail sales areas within Class C stores in which consumer fireworks Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American retail sales are conducted , and temporary consumer fireworks retail sales Pyrotechnics Association stands , and existing consumer fireworks retail sales facilities not greater than Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 279 m 2 (3,000 s.f.) in area shall be permitted to have a minimum of two 7.10.3.2 Flame breaks shall not be allowed to be omitted required in con- exits. sumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores protected throughout with an Substantiation: We believe the intent of Section 7.8.3.2 was not to require a automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for minimum of three exits for existing consumer fireworks retail sales facilities the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. provided they were less than 3,000 sq. ft. in area. With the introduction of Substantiation: We do not believe it was the intent of the Pyrotechnics Section 7.1.1 which requires both new and existing buildings, structures, and Technical Committee to allow flame breaks to be omitted in consumer fire- facilities in which consumer fireworks are sold at retail to comply with the works retail sales facilities (where fireworks are primarily sold) when an auto- applicable requirements of Chapter 7 unless specifically indicated otherwise, matic sprinkler system is installed. Flame breaks are important where potential- those existing facilities are captured under Section 7.8.3.1 which requires a ly large quantities of consumer fireworks are put on display shelves and racks minimum of 3 exits. However, Section 7.8.3.2 allows retail sales areas within for the public to have access to. Class C stores where consumer fireworks are sold to be exempt from the three Committee Meeting Action: Accept exit requirement provided they have at least two exits. A Class C store is Number Eligible to Vote: 29 defined in Section 36.1.4.2.1(3) of NFPA 101-2003, Life Safety Code as a mer- Ballot Results: Affirmative: 22 Negative: 1 cantile occupancy not greater than 3,000 sq. ft. in gross area used for sales pur- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, poses occupying one story only. Thus, the 3,000 sq. ft. area specified for exist- ROBERTS ing consumer fireworks retail sales facilities would be consistent with the size Explanation of Negative: of new and existing Class C stores that are presently not required to have three WESTCOTT: I believe flame breaks are useful even in fully sprinklered build- exits by Section 7.8.3.2. We believe this is a reasonable allowance for existing ings. The purpose of the flame breaks is to retard the development of the fire, consumer fireworks retail sales facilities of relatively small area for which which, in a fully sprinklered building would allow the sprinkler system more installing an additional third exit may be a hardship and may actually be physi- time to react and extinguish it. cally impossible to accomplish, thus forcing the facility to go out of business. Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle ______Revise Section 7.8.3.2 as follows: 1124-64 Log# 2 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject 7.8.3.2 The following locations where consumer fireworks are sold shall be (7.10.4) permitted to have a minimum of two exits: ______(1) Retail sales areas within Class C stores in which consumer fireworks retail NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 1124-154(Log #106) which sales are conducted , and was held from F2002 ROC on proposal 1124-21 (2) temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. (3) existing permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities not greater Recommendation: Add the terms “ignition point” and “flame resistant “and than 279 m 2 (3,000 s.f.) in area, other than tents, shall have a minimum of revise as follows: two exits. 7.10.4 Covered Fuses. Committee Statement: The changes were intended to improve the readability 7.10.4.1 Only consumer fireworks meeting the criteria for covered fuses as of the proposed text and have not modified the technical nature of the proposal. defined in Chapter 3 or as described in 7.10.4.2 shall be allowed in any facility The Committee also added a new related requirement; see also Committee or store in which the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted. Proposal 1124-60 (Log #CP5). 7.10.4.2 A consumer fireworks device shall also be considered to have a cov- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ered fuse if the fuse or ignition point cannot be touched directly without the Ballot Results: Affirmative: 20 Negative: 3 person having to puncture or tear the flame resistant packaging or wrapper, Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, unseal or break open a package or container, or otherwise damage or destroy ROBERTS the packaging material, wrapping, or container within which the consumer fire- Explanation of Negative: works are contained. JAMES: The number of exits from a CFRF is one of the most important facto- 7.10.4.3 Tissue paper and similar lightweight materials shall not be considered ries of life safety that we have added to the new Chapter 7. The increased of flame resistant materials for fuses to be considered covered fuses. one extra exit is one of the main corner stones for the support of this effort by Also delete 7.10.4.2. the fire service. It is my opinion that no documentation or testing of smoke Substantiation: There are consumer fireworks that have safety fuse, fire development and fire spread has been submitted to make this change at this cracker fuse and touchpaper, or exposed composition as their ignition points. time. Whether a consumer fireworks device has a fuse or an ignition point, it is that LAMB: See my Explanation of Negative on 1124-54 (Log #20). ignition point that needs to be covered, and covered with flame resistant mate- LATHROP: Based on the negative of Mr. James, I am changing my vote to rial. negative. Tissue paper and other materials are often used to cover fuses, but are virtually Comment on Affirmative useless as a flame resistant material. They should be expressly excluded. HECKMAN: In the Committee Meeting Action the entire Section 7.8.3.2 The Committee should also consider establishing minimum weights or thick- should be shown underlined and Item number (2) should be shown underlined, nesses or other criteria for paper, cellophane and other flame resistant materials not stricken through. used to cover fuses. 7.10.4.2 should be deleted because consumer fireworks should have covered fuses no matter where they are. Manufacturers are also not likely to make prod- ______ucts without covered fuses for stands and products with covered fuses for every 1124-62 Log# CP7 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept other type of facility. (7.8.4.2) Committee Meeting Action: Reject ______Committee Statement: See Committee Action and Committee Statement on Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics Proposals 1124-21 (Log #3) and 1124-27 (Log #40). Recommendation: Revise 7.8.4.2 as follows: Number Eligible to Vote: 29 7.8.4.2 Exits provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands shall be Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 arranged located so that the maximum egress travel distance , as measured Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, from the most remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path ROBERTS of egress travel, does not exceed 35 ft (10.6 m). Substantiation: This additional language clarifies the intent for the egress travel distance determination which is consistent with NFPA 101, Life Safety 1124-23 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 ______ria to the NFPA Fire Test Committee, which has created a joint Task Group. 1124-65 Log# 41 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject The submitter did not provide a substantiation for the 30 second requirement as (7.10.4) proposed. See also the Committee Action and Committee Statement on 1124- ______21 (Log #3). Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Recommendation: Create a new section 7.#.# Covered fuses, and add: Ballot Results: Affirmative: 22 Negative: 1 7.#.1.1 External ignition fuses shall be considered covered when: Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, (a) the entire tip of safety fuse is covered or packaged with cellophane, cello- ROBERTS phane tape, kraft paper or kraft paper tape that is at least 1.2 mil in thickness. Explanation of Negative: (b) the entire safety fuse or firecracker fuses is covered or packaged with cello- WESTCOTT: I continue to assert that packaging standards are necessary. phane, cellophane tape, kraft paper or kraft paper tape that is at least 1.2 mil in thickness. ______(c) the entire touchpaper fuse or firecracker fuses is covered or packaged with 1124-67 Log# 26 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept cellophane, cellophane tape, kraft paper or kraft paper tape that is at least 1.2 (7.12.3.2) mil in thickness. ______(d) the entire exposed composition of a sparkler, snake or other similar con- Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American sumer fireworks is covered or packaged with cellophane, cellophane tape, kraft Pyrotechnics Association paper or kraft paper tape that is at least 1.2 mil in thickness Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: 7.#.1.3 External ignition fuses shall not be considered covered when: 7.12.3.2 The fireworks displayed or stored in the a consumer fireworks retail (a) Any portion of the tip of safety fuse is uncovered. sales facility or store shall be allowed permitted to be removed and trans- (b) Any portion of a firecracker fuse is uncovered. ferred to a temporary storage structure or location. (c) Any portion of a touchpaper fuse is uncovered. Substantiation: Editorial clarification to be consistent with Section 7.12.3.1. (c) Any portion of the exposed composition of a consumer fireworks is uncov- Committee Meeting Action: Accept ered. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 7.#.3 All consumer fireworks in consumer fireworks retail sales areas and Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 stands shall have covered fuses.7.#.4 Consumer fireworks stored in closed car- Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, tons shall be permitted to have uncovered external ignition fuses, provided the ROBERTS external ignition fuses are covered prior to being placed on display in consumer ______fireworks retail sales areas and stands. 1124-68 Log# 44 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject 7.#.5 External ignition fuses on consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be (Chapter 8 and Title) covered or repaired at the consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. ______Delete existing 7.10.4.1 and 7.10.4.2. Submitter : Charles P. Weeth , Skyrockers of La Crosse, Inc. Include portions of the substantiation as annex material if desired. Recommendation: Delete Chapter 8 and revise the title to NFPA 1124 to Also move the definitions for Safety Fuse to Chapter 3 and create definitions Code for the Manufacture, Transportation and Storage of Fireworks and for ignition fuse, firecracker fuse and touchpaper fuse if desired. Pyrotechnic Articles, unless the Committee desires to include specific provi- Substantiation: The issue of covered external ignition fuses and packaging is sions that enhance 49 CFR (i.e. handling [do not drop, slide, or throw], how to complex. The existing document has no standard for what materials are suitable address leaks and spills, etc.) for covering fuses, or what fuses are required to be covered. Substantiation: Chapter 8 contains no provisions beyond referencing 49 CFR There are consumer fireworks that have safety fuse or fire cracker fuse as their , which is already referenced in Chapter 2. ignition fuses. Others such as fountains and flitter sparklers have “touchpaper”, Committee Meeting Action: Reject a colored crêpe paper treated with an oxidizer, as the ignition fuse. Dipped Committee Statement: The scope of the Committee and this code includes sparklers and snakes have no fuses, only the exposed composition as their igni- transportation, so the Committee does not agree with the recommended action tion points. And there are consumer fireworks that operate by pull strings or to delete Chapter 8 and revise the document title accordingly. The existing ref- from impact or friction. erence to DOT regulations reinforces the applicable requirements for transpor- Both fuses and exposed composition should be covered with fire resistant tation. materials when on display in retail stores. The types of coverings and the mini- Number Eligible to Vote: 29 mum thicknesses need be established so they are effective. Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 As written, consumer fireworks can have a crêpe paper cover over a fuse or a Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, piece of tape that holds down an ignition fuse, but doesnʼt cover the tip of the ROBERTS safety fuse leaving the black powder exposed. This does nothing to reduce the ______fire transfer from one device to another in the event of a fire in a consumer 1124-69 Log# 27 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept fireworks retail sales facility or store. (8.1) Committee Meeting Action: Reject ______Committee Statement: The Committee agrees that this is a complex issue and Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American one that has been recommended for further study. In addition, the Committee Pyrotechnics Association on Pyrotechnics has referred the development of test criteria to the NFPA Fire Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: Test Committee, which has created a joint Task Group. The submitter did not Chapter 8 Transportation on Public Highways of Fireworks, Pyrotechnic provide substantiation for the paper thickness requirements as proposed. See Articles, and Any Component(s) Containing Pyrotechnic or Explosive also the Committee Action and Committee Statement on 1124-21 (Log #3). Materials on Public Highways Number Eligible to Vote: 29 8.1 General Requirements. Transportation on public highways of fireworks, Ballot Results: Affirmative: 22 Negative: 1 pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, materials shall meet all applicable requirements of the U.S. Department of ROBERTS Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, 170 to end, and any applicable local, Explanation of Negative: state, or international requirements. WESTCOTT: I agree with Mr. Weeth. Better packaging is necessary, in my Substantiation: Editorial clarification. opinion, and certainly the fuses are the point of most concern. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 29 ______Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 1124-66 Log# 4 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, (7.10.5) ROBERTS ______NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 1124-157 (Log #147) which 1124-70 Log# 28a PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept in Principle was held from F2002 ROC on proposal 1124-31 (36.1.4.2) Submitter : Dan Westcott , Gadsen Fire Department ______Recommendation: Add text to read: “Fireworks offered for sale shall be in substantial packaging that resists direct flame contact for at least thirty seconds, Submitter : Rick Thornberry, The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American before the contents ignite.” Pyrotechnics Association Substantiation: While some mercantile occupancies offer a wide variety of Recommendation: Add new text to read as follows: merchandise for sale, and much of it is in some way hazardous, virtually all the 36.1.4.2 Subclassification of Occupancy. material that is deemed hazardous is substantially better packaged than the con- 36.1.4.2.1 Mercantile occupancies shall be subclassified as follows: sumer fireworks offered for sale at fireworks stands and facilities. Under the (1) Class A – All mercantile occupancies having an aggregate gross area of current proposal tissue paper is an acceptable packaging material. more than 2800 m2 (30,000 ft2) or occupying more than three stories for sales Committee Meeting Action: Reject purposes. Committee Statement: This issue has been recommended for further study (2) Class B – All mercantile occupancies of more than 280 m2 (3000 ft2 ), but and the Committee on Pyrotechnics has referred the development of test crite- not more than 2800 m2 (30,000 ft2), aggregate gross area and occupying not 1124-24 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 more than three stories for sales purposes. matic sprinkler systems designed for an Ordinary Hazard, Group 2 occupancy (3) Class C – All mercantile occupancies of not more than 280 m2 (3000 ft2) in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler gross area and uses for sales purposes occupying one story only [101 : Systems, are suitable for protecting retail displays of consumer fireworks 36.1.4.2.1] where the ceiling height does not exceed 10 ft and may also be adequate for 36.1.4.2.2 For the purpose of the classification required in 36.1.4.2.1, the ceiling heights up to 16 ft. This implies that there may be a need to design the requirements of 36.1.4.2.2(A), 36.1.4.2.2(B), and 36.1.4.2.2(C) shall be met. sprinkler system in new buildings for an Extra Hazard, Group 1 occupancy for (A) The aggregate gross area shall be the total gross area of all floors used for ceiling heights greater than 16 ft. For existing buildings, existing sprinkler sys- mercantile purposes. tems designed for an Ordinary Hazard, Group 2 occupancy should suffice. (B) Where a mercantile occupancy is divided into sections, regardless of fire Until such time as additional fire testing is completed and more conclusive separation, the aggregate gross area shall include the area of all sections uses design criteria can be verified, designers of automatic sprinkler systems for for sales purposes. areas where retail sales of consumer fireworks are located may want to consid- (C) Areas of floors not used for sales purposes, such as an area used only for er these design criteria. storage and not open to the public, shall not be counted for the purposes of the Substantiation: The proposed new Annex note to Section 7.5.1.1 was actually classifications in 36.1.4.2.1(1), 36.1.4.2.1(2), and 36.1.4.2.1(3), but means of based on the actions taken by the NFPA Pyrotechnics Technical Committee egress shall be provided for such nonsales areas in accordance with their occu- during its ROC meeting. Unfortunately, when the ROC was printed and sent pancy as specified by other chapters of this Code [101: 36.1.4.2.2] out for ballot, it had a typographical error as reflected in the Public Comment Substantiation: Provides additional guidance on how stores are classified by 1124-88/Log #132 which deleted certain parts of the Annex A note proposed, NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, to assist the users of this code in applying the thus rendering it nonsensical. Therefore, the Technical Committee rejected the requirements for stores selling consumer fireworks as regulated by Chapter 7 comment since the letter ballot failed to receive the necessary 2/3 affirmative Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks. votes. Thus, this language was lost and was not incorporated into the new edi- Committee Meeting Action: Accept in Principle tion of NFPA 1124. See Committee Action on Proposal 1124-71 (Log #28). The American Pyrotechnics Association believes that this information may be Committee Statement: See Committee Action and Committee Statement on useful to designers of automatic sprinkler systems for buildings where consum- Proposal 1124-71 (Log #28). This material was submitted as part of the origi- er fireworks are sold at retail or are stored. Although the information is not nal referenced Public Proposal, 1124-71 (Log #28) which was intended to conclusive, it does provide guidance which may help automatic sprinkler sys- include the proposed text extracted from NFPA 101 as Annex material in NFPA tem designers in evaluating the appropriate density and area of operation for 1124. sprinkler protection in such facilities. Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Committee Meeting Action: Reject Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Committee Statement: The Committee on Pyrotechnics has not seen the Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, report on the referenced tests, so the Committee does not support the addition ROBERTS of this annex material at this time. In addition, the Committee recommends that ______the data from these tests be provided to the NFPA Committee on Sprinkler 1124-71 Log# 28 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Design, NFPA 13, as they are responsible for determining the hazard classifica- (A.3.3.73) tion and design requirements for automatic sprinkler protection. ______Number Eligible to Vote: 29 Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 Pyrotechnics Association Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, Recommendation: Revise text to read as follows: ROBERTS A.3.3.73 Store. Stores are subclassified as Class A, Class B, or Class C in ______accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. For informational purposes, 1124-73 Log# CP8 PYR-AAA Final Action: Accept Section 36.1.4.2 Subclassification of Occupancy has been extracted from NFPA (Annex C & G) 101, Life Safety Code and reprinted below. ______Substantiation: Provides additional guidance on how stores are classified by Submitter : Technical Committee on Pyrotechnics NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, to assist the users of this code in applying the Recommendation: Update the reference to APA Standard 87-1 in Annex G, requirements for stores selling consumer fireworks as regulated by Chapter 7 Section G.1.2.1 to the 2001 edition having an effective date of 10/01/03 and Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks. replace the current version in the code with the 2001 edition into the revised Committee Meeting Action: Accept Annex C. The following extracted text should have accompanied the original proposal Contents but was somehow included as Log#28a. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 36.1.4.2 Subclassification of Occupancy. 36.1.4.2.1 Mercantile occupancies shall be subclassified as follows: 2. DEFINITIONS 1 (1) Class A – All mercantile occupancies having an aggregate gross area of more than 2800 m 2 (30,000 ft 2 ) or occupying more than three stories for 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSUMER FIREWORKS, sales purposes. NOVELTIES AND THEATRICAL PYROTECHNICS 4 (2) Class B – All mercantile occupancies of more than 280 m 2 (3000 ft 2 ), but not more than 2800 m 2 (30,000 ft 2 ), aggregate gross area and occupying not 3.1 Types of Consumer Fireworks 5 more than three stories for sales purposes. 3.2 Types of Novelties 8 (3) Class C – All mercantile occupancies of not more than 280 m 2 (3000 ft 2 ) 3.4 Other Devices 9 gross area and uses for sales purposes occupying one story only [ 101 : 3.6 Specific Requirements for Consumer Fireworks 10 36.1.4.2.1] 3.7 Prohibited Chemicals and Components 12 36.1.4.2.2 For the purpose of the classification required in 36.1.4.2.1, the 3.8 Requirements for Theatrical Pyrotechnics 13 requirements of 36.1.4.2.2(A), 36.1.4.2.2(B), and 36.1.4.2.2(C) shall be met. 3.9 Approval 13 (A) The aggregate gross area shall be the total gross area of all floors used for 3.10 Marking and Labeling 14 mercantile purposes. (B) Where a mercantile occupancy is divided into sections, regardless of fire 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPLAY FIREWORKS DEVICES14 separation, the aggregate gross area shall include the area of all sections uses 4.1 Types of Display Fireworks Devices 14 for sales purposes. 4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells 15 (C) Areas of floors not used for sales purposes, such as an area used only for 4.3 Approval 16 storage and not open to the public, shall not be counted for the purposes of the 4.3-1 Standard Fireworks Chemicals Table 17 classifications in 36.1.4.2.1(1), 36.1.4.2.1(2), and 36.1.4.2.1(3), but means of 4.4 Approval for Combination Devices for Display Purposes 18 egress shall be provided for such nonsales areas in accordance with their occu- pancy as specified by other chapters of this Code [ 101 : 36.1.4.2.2] 5. SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS 19 Number Eligible to Vote: 29 5.3 Packaging Provisions for Fireworks 19 Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 5.7 Special Packaging Provisions for Private Motor Carriers 20 Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, 5.8 Attachment of Igniters Prior to Transportation 21 ROBERTS 6. REFERENCES 21 ______Appendices: 1124-72 Log# 29 PYR-AAA Final Action: Reject Appendix A: Types of Fireworks and Novelties (A.7.5.1.1 (New) ) Appendix B: Consumer Fireworks Testing Program ______Appendix C: Product Labeling Requirements for Consumer Submitter : Rick Thornberry , The Code Consortium, Inc. / Rep. American Fireworks Pyrotechnics Association Appendix D: Procedure for Obtaining EX Numbers Recommendation: Add a new Annex note for Section 7.5.1.1 to read as fol- lows: Note: Changes from the January 1998 edition are indicated in bold type A.7.5.1.1 Preliminary results of recent full scale fire tests indicate that auto- and underlined. 1124-25 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 * 2.2 Black Match (Instantaneous Fuse) An uncovered fuse made from Copyright © 2003 APA, All Rights Reserved thread impregnated with black powder and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices. Black Match may be classed as 1.3G and described as Fuse, non-detonating, PREFACE UN0101, under the provisions of this Standard. For any other classification, examination and testing as specified in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56, CFR is required. The information contained in this document was obtained from sources believed (See also Quickmatch.) to be reliable and is based on technical information and experience currently available from members of the American Pyrotechnics Association and others. * 2.3 Blowout The unintended release of a pressure effect from other than the However, the Association, nor its members, jointly or severally, make no guar- intended orifice of a fireworks device. Examples include expulsion of the bot- antee of the results and assume no liability or responsibility in connection with tom plug of a roman candle, expulsion of the clay choke of a fountain, or the the information or suggestions contained within, or that abnormal or unusual rupturing of the wall of a mine or shell. circumstances may not warrant or suggest further requirements or additional * 2.4 Burnout The unintended escape of flame through the wall of a procedures. pyrotechnic chamber during functioning of a fireworks device. This document is subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the * 2.5 Burst Charge Chemical composition used to break open a latest edition. Comments and suggestions are invited from all users for consid- fireworks device after it has been propelled into the air, producing a eration by the Association in connection with such review. Any such comments secondary effect such as a shower of stars. Burst charge is also sometimes or suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the party, referred to as expelling charge or break charge. Any burst charge upon request, a reasonable opportunity to be heard. containing metallic powder (such as magnalium or aluminum) less than 100 This document should not be confused with federal, state or municipal specifica- mesh in particle size, is considered to be intended to produce an audible tions or regulations, insurance requirements or national safety codes. However, effect, and is limited to 130 mg in 1.4G fireworks devices. Burst charge when incorporated by reference in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), those consisting of black powder or equivalent non-metallic composition is not portions of this document applying to transportation (indicated in this document considered to be intended to produce an audible effect when it is used to by an asterisk) have the force of a federal regulation, and shippers of fireworks expel and ignite a secondary effect in a fireworks device. Burst charge for are subject to penalties pertaining thereto. Every effort has been made to keep use in 1.3G fireworks is limited to black powder (potassium nitrate, sulfur, this Standard consistent with the Department of Transportationʼs Hazardous and charcoal) or similar pyrotechnic composition without metallic fuel for Materials Regulations in Title 49, CFR. approval under the provisions of this standard. The 2001 revisions are intended to address technical questions that have * 2.6 Chemical Composition All pyrotechnic and explosive composition arisen regarding the wording of several sections of the January, 1998 edition contained in a fireworks device. Inert materials such as clay used for plugs, or of this Standard, including the approval of aerial shells under this Standard. organic matter such as rice hulls used for density control are not considered to Clarification of the status of certain pyrotechnic novelties has also been be chemical composition. incorporated into this edition. * 2.6.1 Explosive Composition Any chemical compound or mixture, the pri- Unless otherwise noted, all CFR references cited in this Standard refer to those mary purpose of which is to function by explosion, producing an audible effect sections in effect on January 1, 2001. (report) in a fireworks device. Credits * 2.6.2 Pyrotechnic Composition A chemical mixture which on burning, Cover Photos by Angel Art Ltd. and without explosion, produces visible or brilliant displays or bright lights, or Front Cover: United Pyrotechnics (product), Pyrotecnico (display firm) whistles or motion. Back Cover: Shogun (product), Pyro Spectaculars (display firm) * 2.7 Fireworks Any device, other than a novelty or theatrical pyrotechnic article, intended to produce visible and/or audible effects by combustion, defla- gration, or detonation. Fireworks are further described as Fireworks UN0336 1. INTRODUCTION (formerly Common Fireworks and now referred to in this Standard as Consumer Fireworks,) or Fireworks UN0335 (formerly Special Fireworks and now referred * 1.1 This standard provides manufacturers, importers and distributors of fire- to in this Standard as Display Fireworks.) Fireworks may also be described as works and novelties with information to assist them in manufacturing, testing, Fireworks UN0337 if examination and testing in accordance with Title 49 CFR, shipping, and labeling the products of the fireworks industry in accordance with § 173.56 is performed that warrants that classification. applicable federal laws and current good manufacturing practices (GMPs). Note: Propelling and expelling charges consisting of a mixture of sulfur, Paragraphs of this Standard which apply to the approval by the U.S. Department charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter) or similar pyrotechnic compositions of Transportation (DOT) for transportation of fireworks are indicated by an aster- not containing metal powders are not considered as designed to produce audible isk (*) preceding the paragraph number. effects. * 2.7.1 Consumer Fireworks (formerly Common Fireworks) Any fireworks * 1.2 The information in this Standard should enable manufacturers, importers, device in a finished state, exclusive of mere ornamentation, suitable for use by and distributors of fireworks and novelties to provide their customers with the public that complies with the construction, performance, composition, and products that can be transported and used safely and without unreasonable risk. labeling requirements promulgated by CPSC in Title 16, CFR, in addition to any limits and other requirements of this Standard. (See Chapter 3 for details.) * 1.3 Fireworks, pyrotechnic articles for theatrical purposes, and novelties are * 2.7.2 Display Fireworks (formerly Special Fireworks) Fireworks devices not acceptable for transportation within the jurisdiction of the United States in a finished state, exclusive of mere ornamentation, primarily intended for com- unless they are classed, packaged, labeled, and marked and are in proper condi- mercial displays which are designed to produce visible and/or audible effects tion for shipment in accordance with the DOT regulations in Title 49, CFR. (See by combustion, deflagration or detonation, including, but not limited to: salutes Chapter 5 for further discussion.) containing more than 130 mg (2 grains) of explosive composition; aerial shells containing more than 40 g of chemical composition exclusive of lift charge; and * 1.4 Consumer fireworks (fireworks classed as 1.4G and 1.4S) (formerly other exhibition display items that exceed the limits contained in this Standard Fireworks, Common) and novelties are not acceptable for sale to the public for consumer fireworks. Certain devices intended for signaling, illuminating, unless they are manufactured, labeled, and sold in conformance with the and incendiary purposes and formerly classed, as Special Fireworks no longer regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) published fall into this fireworks category. (See Chapter 4 for details.) in Title 16, CFR. (See Chapter 3 for further discussion.) * 2.8 Electric Match (Igniter) A device used for the electrical ignition of Note: Consumer fireworks are normally classed as 1.4G but may be classed fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that contains a small amount of pyrotechnic by DOT as 1.4S on the basis of examination and testing in accordance with Title material that ignites when a specified electric current flows through the leads. 49 CFR, § 173.56. * 2.9 Labeling A display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon a * 1.5 United States laws and regulations prescribe mandatory requirements that fireworks device and/or upon the immediate package of any such device(s). a person must follow in order to market certain products. In these instances, Included are diamond-shaped labels required by DOT to be displayed on outside failure to comply may be regarded by courts as negligence per se in product packaging for transportation purposes. The term also includes any identifica- liability litigation. tion, cautions, and other information required by this Standard or by any federal government agency. * 1.6 This Standard applies to fireworks devices, pyrotechnic articles, and novelties for entertainment purposes. * 2.10 Lift Charge Pyrotechnic composition used to propel a component of a mine or shell device into the air. Lift charge is limited 2. DEFINITIONS to black powder (potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal) or similar pyrotechnic composition without metallic fuel. * 2.1 Approval For purposes of this Standard, approval means the assignment of proper hazard class, EX (explosives approval) number, proper shipping name, * 2.11 Marking. The application of the proper shipping name, identification and UN (United Nations) identification number by the DOT so that fireworks number (UN number), instructions, cautions, weight, or specification mark or and novelties may be transported under conditions specified in Title 49, CFR. combination thereof to a package of hazardous material. Marking also includes (See Chapter 5 for details.) any required specification mark on a shipping package.

1124-26 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 * 2.12 Novelty A device containing small amounts of pyrotechnic and/or explosive composition. Such devices produce limited visible or audible effects. * 3.1.1.2 Cone Fountain Cardboard or heavy paper cone containing not more These items must be approved by DOT, and are normally classed as 1.4G. A than 50 g of pyrotechnic composition. The effect is the same as that of a cylindri- different classification may be assigned based on testing and examination as cal fountain. When more than 1 cone is mounted on a common base, total pyro- specified in Title 49 CFR §CFR, § 173.56. Certain novelties which meet the technic composition may not exceed 200 g. (See section 3.5 for exceptions.) criteria specified in Section 3.2 are not regulated as explosives, and approval by DOT is not required for those specific items. * 3.1.1.3 Illuminating Torch Cylindrical tube containing not more than 100 g of pyrotechnic composition that produces a colored flame upon ignition. May * 2.13 Placard A warning symbol of a square-on-point configuration be spike, base, or hand held. When more than 1 tube is mounted on a common mounted on each side and each end of a truck, rail car or freight container which base, total pyrotechnic composition may not exceed 200 g. (See section 3.5 for informs the public and exceptions.) * 2.14 Quickmatch (Instantaneous Fuse) Black match that is encased in a loose-fitting paper or plastic sheath to make it burn extremely rapidly. * 3.1.1.4 Wheel Pyrotechnic device intended to be attached to a post or tree by Quickmatch is used for aerial shells and for simultaneous ignition of a number means of a nail or string. May have one or more drivers, each of which may con- of pyrotechnic devices, such as lances in a ground display piece. Quickmatch tain not more than 60 g of pyrotechnic composition. No wheel may contain more may be approved under the provisions of this Standard and classed as 1.3G, than 200 g total pyrotechnic composition. Upon ignition, the wheel revolves, described as Fuse, non-detonating, and assigned identification number UN0101. producing a shower of color and sparks and, sometimes, a whistling effect. A different classification may be recommended based on testing and examination as specified in Title 49 CFR, §173.56. *3.1.1.5 Ground Spinner Small device containing not more than 20 g of pyrotech- nic composition, venting out an orifice usually on the side of the tube. Similar in * 2.15 Safety Fuse A fuse consisting of a thread-wrapped black powder operation to a wheel but intended to be placed flat on the ground and ignited. A train that has been coated with a water resistant material. Such fuse is typically shower of sparks and color is produced by the rapidly spinning device. 3/32 inches (2.4 mm) in outside diameter and frequently green in color. Safety Fuse is described as Fuse, Safety UN0105 and classed as 1.4S. * 3.1.1.6 Flitter Sparkler Narrow paper tube attached to a stick or wire and filled with not more than 5 g of pyrotechnic composition that produces color * 2.16 Star A pressed or consolidated pellet of pyrotechnic composition that and sparks upon ignition. The paper at one end of the tube is ignited to make is usually cylindrical, spherical, or rectangular in shape. Stars are fired from a the device functio launch tube by means of a propelling charge of black powder in roman candles * 3.1.1.7 Toy Smoke Device Small plastic or paper item containing not more and mines, or they are a component of an insert that is fired into the air in an than 100 g of pyrotechnic composition that, upon ignition, produces white or aerial shell. Stars produce a visible display of color and light as they burn in the colored smoke as the primary effect. (For devices containing less than 5 g of air, and sometimes a crackling or similar audible effect is also produced. Stars pyrotechnic composition, see Section 3.2, Novelties.) Toy smoke devices, when are typically 0.375-1.0 inch in diameter. Larger cylindrical stars are known complying with the provisions of this section, are classed as Fireworks, 1.4G as comets. A star is not considered a finished firework, and stars cannot be unless classed as 1.4S or not regulated as an explosive on the basis of examina- approved for transportation under the provisions of this Standard. tion and testing as specified in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56.

* 2.17 Theatrical Pyrotechnics Pyrotechnic devices for professional use in * 3.1.1.8 Wire Sparkler/Dipped Stick These devices consist of a metal wire or the entertainment industry similar to consumer fireworks in chemical composi- wood dowel that has been coated with pyrotechnic composition. Upon ignition tion and construction but not intended for consumer use. Such articles, meet- of the tip of the device, a shower of sparks is produced. Sparklers may contain up ing the lift and effect powder weight limits for similar consumer fireworks but to 100 g of pyrotechnic composition per item. Certain wire sparklers and dipped not labeled as such, and containing only chemicals listed in table 4.3-1 may sticks are considered as Novelties under this Standard, see Section 3.2. be approved under the provisions of this Standard and classified as Articles, Pyrotechnic, 1.4G, UN0431. * 3.1.2 Aerial Devices

Note: Theatrical pyrotechnic devices may be classed by DOT as Articles, * 3.1.2.1 Sky Rockets and Bottle Rockets Cylindrical tube containing not more Pyrotechnic, 1.4S, UN0432 or as Articles, Pyrotechnic, 1.3G, UN0430 on the than 20 g of chemical composition with a wooden stick attached for guidance basis of examination and testing as specified in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56. and stability. Rockets rise into the air upon ignition. A burst of color and/or sound may be produced at or near the height of flight. 3. REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSUMER FIREWORKS, NOVELTIES AND THEATRICAL PYROTECHNICS * 3.1.2.2 Missile-Type Rocket A device similar to a sky rocket in size, com- position, and effect that uses fins rather than a stick for guidance and stability. Note 1: Devices in this category, formerly classed as Class C Explosive, Missiles shall contain not more than 20 g of total chemical composition. Common Fireworks, are now classed as Fireworks 1.4G under the UN System, and referred to in this Standard as Consumer Fireworks. * 3.1.2.3 Helicopter, Aerial Spinner A tube containing not more than 20 g of chemical composition, with a propeller or blade attached. Upon ignition the Note 2: Devices intended for non-consumer use in the entertainment industry, rapidly spinning device rises into the air. A visible or audible effect may be termed Theatrical Pyrotechnics in this Standard, that meet the chemical composi- produced at or near the height of flight. tion weight requirements of this chapter may be classed as 1.4G and described as Articles, Pyrotechnic UN0431 under the provisions of this Standard, but are * 3.1.2.4 Roman Candle Heavy paper or cardboard tube containing not more not required to comply with the fuse, construction, and labeling requirements of than 20 g of chemical composition. Upon ignition, stars (see section 2.14) are CPSC for consumer fireworks. Theatrical Pyrotechnics may or may not have an individually expelled. ignition device attached. * 3.1.2.5 Mine and Shell Devices Heavy cardboard or paper tube usually * 3.1 Types of Consumer Fireworks The following fireworks devices are attached to a wooden or plastic base and containing not more than 60 g of total subject to the requirements of chapter 3 of this Standard. (See Appendix A for chemical composition (lift charge, burst charge, and visible/audible effect com- diagrams.) position.) Upon ignition stars, components producing reports containing up to 130 mg of explosive composition per report, or other devices are propelled into * 3.1.1 Ground and Hand-held Sparkling Devices (“Sparklers”) These the air. The term mine refers to a device with no internal components containing devices are ground-based or hand-held devices that produce a shower a bursting charge, and the term shell refers to a device that propels a component of white, gold, or colored sparks as their primary pyrotechnic effect. that subsequently bursts open in the air. A mine or shell device may contain Additional effects may include a colored flame, an audible crackling effect, more than 1 tube provided the tubes fire in sequence upon ignition of 1 external an audible whistle effect, and smoke. These devices do not rise into the air, fuse. The term cake refers to a dense-packed collection of mine/shell tubes. do not fire inserts or projectiles into the air, and do not explode or produce Total chemical composition including lift charges of any multiple tube devices a report (a mild audible crackling-type effect is not considered to be a may not exceed 200 g. (See section 3.5) The maximum quantity of lift charge in report.) Ground-based or hand-held devices that produce a cloud of smoke any one tube of a mine or shell device shall not exceed 20 g, and the maximum as their sole pyrotechnic effect are also included in this category. Types of quantity of break or bursting charge in any component shall not exceed 25% of devices in this category include: the total weight of chemical composition in the component. Note: Shells that are offered for transportation without a launching tube may not * 3.1.1.1 Cylindrical Fountain Cylindrical tube containing not more than be approved as Fireworks, 1.4G, UN0336 under the provisions of this Standard, 75 g of pyrotechnic composition. Upon ignition, a shower of colored sparks, except as provided in section 3.1.2.6 for kits. Aerial shells without launching and sometimes a whistling effect or smoke, is produced. This device may be tubes may be approved for transportation as Fireworks, 1.3G, UN0335. (See provided with a spike for insertion into the ground (Spike Fountain), a wood or section 4.1.1) plastic base for placing on the ground (Base Fountain), or a wood or cardboard * 3.1.2.6 Aerial Shell Kit, Reloadable Tube A package (kit) containing a handle to be hand held (Handle Fountain). When more than 1 tube is mounted cardboard, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or equivalent launching tube and on a common base, total pyrotechnic composition may not exceed 200 g. (See not more than 12 small aerial shells. (see 4.1.1) Each aerial shell is limited to a section 3.5 for exceptions.) maximum of 60 g of total chemical composition (lift charge, burst charge, and 1124-27 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 visible/audible effect composition,) and the maximum diameter of each shell Upon ignition of the tip of the device, a shower of sparks is produced. shall not exceed 1.75 inches. In addition, the maximum quantity of lift charge in Sparklers may contain up to 100 g of composition per item. Sparklers any shell shall not exceed 20 g, and the maximum quantity of break or bursting typically use barium nitrate as the oxidizer, with aluminum and dextrine as charge in any shell shall not exceed 25% of the total weight of chemical com- fuels. Iron filings produce the spark effect. Color-producing sparklers use position in the shell. The total chemical composition of all the shells in a kit, potassium perchlorate as an oxidizer. Any sparkler containing a chlorate including lift charge, shall not exceed 400 g for approval under the provisions of or perchlorate oxidizer is limited to a maximum of 5 g of composition per this Standard. The user lowers a shell into the launching tube, at the time of article. Sparklers must be packaged in inner packagings that contain 8 firing, with the fuse extending out of the top of the tube. After firing, the tube devices or less to be transported as not regulated devices. is then reloaded with another shell for the next firing. All launching tubes must be capable of firing twice the number of shells in the kit without failure of the * 3.3 Toy Caps Toy plastic or paper caps for toy pistols in sheets, strips, rolls, tube. Each package of 12 shells must comply with all warning label require- or individual caps, containing not more than an average of 0.25 grains (16 mg) ments of CPSC. of explosive composition per cap. Toy caps are described as Toy Caps NA0337 and classed as 1.4S. Toy caps shall only be approved for transportation using * 3.1.3 Audible Ground Devices the procedure specified in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56(b).

* 3.1.3.1 Firecracker Small, paper-wrapped or cardboard tube containing not * 3.4 Other Devices The Approvals Branch at DOT should be contacted more than 50 mg of explosive composition, those used in aerial devices may regarding the requirements and procedures for approval of any device that is contain not more than 130 mg of explosive composition per report. Upon igni- a unique shape or design, or any device that produces unique pyrotechnic or tion, noise and a flash of light are produced. explosive effects, or combinations of effects not enumerated in Chapter 3 of this Standard. Note: Firecrackers are not subject to the requirements of fuse in section 3.5.1 and chemicals in section 3.6.1. * 3.5 Multiple Tube Fireworks Devices and Pyrotechnic Articles

* 3.1.3.2 Chaser Paper or cardboard tube venting out the fuse end of the tube * 3.5.1 Multiple tube devices contain more than one cardboard tube. The igni- containing not more than 20 g of chemical composition. The device travels tion of one external fuse causes all of the tubes to function in sequence. The along the ground upon ignition. A whistling effect, or other noise, is often pro- tubes are either individually attached to a wood or plastic base, or are dense- duced. Explosive composition may be included to produce a report but may not packed and are held together by glue, wire, string, or other means that securely exceed 50 mg. holds the tubes together during operation.

* 3.2 Novelties The following devices do not require approval from DOT * 3.5.2 Multiple tube devices are normally limited to a maximum of 200 g and are not regulated as explosives under the provisions of this Standard, provid- of total pyrotechnic composition for approval as Fireworks, UN0336, 1.4G ed that they are manufactured and packaged as described below. Any devices not or Article, Pyrotechnic, UN0431, 1.4G under this Standard. (See 3.5.4 for complying with the requirements set forth in this section require approval from exceptions.) The weight of chemical composition per tube is limited to the DOT, and are classed as Fireworks 1.4G and described as Fireworks, UN0336 weight limit for the specific type of device in the tube. (See section 3.1 for the unless they are classed as 1.4S or not regulated as hazardous materials based weight limits per tube, based on type of effect.) on examination and testing as specified in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56. Devices described in this section which are not regulated as explosives are not consid- * 3.5.3 The connecting fuses on multiple tube devices must be fused in sequence ered to be consumer fireworks; however, these devices must still comply with so that the tubes fire sequentially rather than all at once. all labeling requirements of CPSC applicable to consumer fireworks devices. Novelties must be packaged in strong outer packagings that are sealed to prevent * 3.5.4 When the tubes are securely attached to a wood or plastic base, and leakage of the contents. Each package, and overpack if used, offered for sur- the tubes are separated from each other on the base by a distance of at least face transportation must be plainly marked NOVELTIES, NOT REGULATED, 0.50 inch (12.7 mm), a maximum total weight of 500 g of pyrotechnic compo- EXCEPT WHEN TRANSPORTED BY AIR, IN CONFORMANCE WITH sition shall be permitted for approval as 1.4G. APA STANDARD 87-1. If novelties are transported by aircraft, they must be classed, labeled, and described as Flammable Solid, Inorganic, n.o.s (Novelties), * 3.6 Specific Requirements for Consumer Fireworks UN3178. * 3.6.1 Fuse * 3.2.1 Party Popper Small devices with paper or plastic exteriors that are actuated by means of friction (a string or trigger is typically pulled to actuate * 3.6.1.1 Only safety fuse or other fuse that has been protected to resist side the device.) They frequently resemble champagne bottles or toy pistols in shape. ignition may be used in consumer fireworks devices subject to the requirements Upon activation, the device expels flame-resistant paper streamers, confetti, or of this standard. other novelties and produces a small report. Devices may contain not more than 16 mg (0.25 grains) of explosive composition, which is limited to potassium Note: See Appendix B for method of measuring resistance to side ignition. chlorate and red phosphorus. These devices must be packaged in an inner pack- Devices, such as ground spinners, that require a restricted orifice for proper func- aging which contains a maximum of 72 devices. tioning and that contain less than 6 g of pyrotechnic composition, are not subject to the requirements of 3.6.1.1. * 3.2.2 Snapper Small, paper-wrapped devices containing not more than 1.0 mg of silver fulminate coated on small bits of sand or gravel. When dropped, the * 3.6.1.2 The fuse must be of sufficient length to burn at least 3 seconds but not device explodes, producing a small report. Snappers must be in inner packages more than 9 seconds before ignition of the device. The fuse for roman candles not to exceed 50 devices each, and the inner packages must contain sawdust or a or similar devices requiring a longer fuse for safe functioning may burn up to 12 similar, impact-absorbing material. seconds before ignition of the device.

* 3.2.3 Toy Smoke Devices Small devices consisting of cork-like spheres, * 3.6.1.3 The fuse must be securely attached so that it will support either the or cardboard or plastic tubes, containing not more than 5 g of pyrotechnic weight of the device plus 8 ounces (227 g) of dead weight or double the weight composition that produces a small cloud of smoke after activation. The of the device, whichever is less, without separation from the fireworks device. devices are typically ignited by means of safety fuse. The outer configuration is usually a sphere (smoke ball), cylindrical tube, or paper cone. The * 3.6.1.4 The fuse on multiple tube devices must be fused in sequence between chemical composition for white smoke consists of potassium nitrate and individual tubes. sulfur, while colored smokes are produced by mixtures consisting of potassium chlorate, sulfur or sugar, and a sublimable organic dye. Mixtures * 3.6.2 Construction containing potassium chlorate must also contain a neutralizer/coolant such as sodium bicarbonate. To be eligible for not regulated status, these devices * 3.6.2.1 Bases Each fireworks device that requires a base shall utilize a base must produce smoke as their sole pyrotechnic effect following ignition, and of wood or plastic (preferably non-brittle, medium impact polystyrene.) The must be packaged in inner units containing a maximum of 72 devices. minimum horizontal dimension or the diameter of the base must be equal to at least the height of the device (excluding any protruding fuse,) unless the device * 3.2.4 Snakes, Glow Worms Pressed pellets of pyrotechnic composition remains upright when subjected to a tilt of 12° from the horizontal. Bases shall that contain 2 g or less of composition per article. Upon burning, they remain firmly attached to the item during transportation, handling and normal produce a snake-like ash that expands in length as the pellet burns. operation. (See Appendix B for method of measuring.) Chemical compositions vary, but typically contain ammonium perchlorate, nitrated pitch, asphaltum, and similar carbonaceous materials. These Note: Multiple tube mine and shell devices which contain at least one launching devices are limited to a maximum of 25 pellets per inner package in order tube with an inner diameter of 1.5 inches or greater must be stable when placed to be transported as not regulated devices. on a test fixture that holds the device at a 60o angle. This is a static test, the fire- works device is not ignited while at a 60o angle. * 3.2.5 Wire Sparklers, Dipped Sticks These devices consist of a metal wire or wood dowel that has been coated with pyrotechnic composition. * 3.6.2.2 Sticks The stick on a rocket (sky rockets and bottle rockets,) and on 1124-28 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 other fireworks devices that utilize a stick, shall be firmly attached to the body device or novelty, may upon functioning, project or disperse any metal, glass, or of the device by means of glue, staples, or wire. Sticks must be secure enough brittle plastic fragments. to remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, and normal operation. Sticks shall be rigid and of such length so as to assure stable flight. The maxi- * 3.7.3 Forbidden Devices Any device intended for sale to the public that mum curvature of such stick(s) may not exceed 1 inch (25 mm.) (See Appendix produces an audible effect (other than a whistle) by a charge of more than 130 B for method of testing rigidity.) mg (2 grains) of explosive composition per report. Devices obtained for bona- fide pest control purposes in accordance with regulations promulgated by CPSC * 3.6.2.3 Handles Each fireworks device which is intended to be hand-held, in Title 16, CFR are not forbidden if approved in accordance with Title 49 CFR, and is so labeled, must incorporate a handle at least 4 inches (101 mm) in § 173.56. length. Handles must remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, and normal operation of the device. Or, must consist of an integral section of the Note: For transportation purposes the term, forbidden devices, may device which extends at least 4 inches (101 mm) below the pyrotechnic cham- also include mixtures or devices that contain a chlorate and an ammonium salt, ber. Sparklers 10 inches (253 mm) or less in length shall have handles at least or an acidic metal, salt. Or, devices that contain yellow or white phosphorus, 3 inches (76 mm) in length. devices that combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting cap. And, any device that has not been approved by DOT. * 3.6.2.4 Spikes Spikes which constitute an integral part of a fireworks device shall protrude at least 2 inches (51 mm) from the base of the device and shall * 3.8 Specific Requirements for Theatrical Pyrotechnics have a blunt tip not less than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) in diameter or 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) square. * 3.8.1 Theatrical pyrotechnics that are approved as UN0431, Articles, Pyrotechnic, 1.4G shall not bear a warning label that resembles the required * 3.6.2.5 Pyrotechnic Chamber The pyrotechnic chamber in a fireworks device wording on a consumer fireworks device. A warning label providing instructions that functions other than by exploding must be of sufficient thickness and rigid- to a trained operator is permitted, but alternative wording must be used. ity to allow normal functioning of the device without burnout or blowout. The chamber must also be constructed and sealed to prevent leakage of the pyrotech- * 3.8.2 Theatrical pyrotechnics may or may not have an ignition device nic composition during transportation, handling, and normal operation. attached.

* 3.6.2.6 Wings Wings on helicopter-type rockets and similar devices must be * 3.8.3 All requests for approval of a device as Articles, Pyrotechnic shall securely attached to the body by means of gluing, wiring, or other appropriate be accompanied by a signed certification stating that the article is intended for means so that they will remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, professional use in the entertainment industry and will not be offered for sale to and normal operation. the general public.

* 3.6.2.7 Wheel Devices Each wheel device must be constructed so that the * 3.8.9 Approvals for classification as Articles, Pyrotechnic shall be evalu- driver(s), motor(s), and axle(s), when needed (i.e., on wheel devices intended to ated based on the weight of pyrotechnic composition in the individual article, operate in a fixed location) remain securely attached to the device during trans- and compared to the allowable weights for the corresponding category of 1.4G portation, handling, and normal operation. consumer fireworks. If a 1.4G classification is desired for an article containing more pyrotechnic composition than is permitted for a comparable consumer * 3.6.2.8 Aerial Devices Each device intended to produce a visible or audible firework, the DOT approval procedure in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56(b)(1) shall be effect high in the air must be designed to produce the effect at or near the apex followed. of its flight. * 3.9 Approval. All consumer fireworks (Fireworks, UN0336,) novelties * 3.6.2.9 Smoke Devices Each smoke device must be constructed so that it will and theatrical pyrotechnics offered for transportation in the United States shall be neither burst nor produce excessive flame (excluding fuse and small but brief classified and approved for transportation purposes by DOT, in accordance with bursts of flame accompanying normal smoke production.) Smoke devices may the following procedure: not contain plastic in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition, nor may smoke devices resemble, in color and configuration, banned fireworks devices, *3.9.1 Fireworks and novelties containing mixtures of chemicals specified in such as M-80 salutes, cherry bombs, or silver salutes. table 4.3-1, but none of the chemicals prohibited by section 3.7. For each item in which approval is sought, manufacturers shall submit a copy of an approval * 3.7 Prohibited Chemicals and Components application (see Appendix D) to DOT. DOT may issue an approval for the device as 1.4G based on the information contained in the form or, at its option, * 3.7.1 Prohibited Chemicals Consumer fireworks devices offered or intend- may require laboratory examination by a person approved by DOT to examine ed for sale to the public may not contain a chemical enumerated in table 3.7-1, explosives. except for small amounts (less than 0.25% by weight) as impurities, and except as specified therein. * 3.9.2 Fireworks and novelties containing any chemical not specified in table 4.3-1, but none of the chemicals prohibited by section 3.7. For each item in Note: Display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics (See section 2.15) are not which approval is sought, the manufacturer shall obtain a report from a person subject to the provisions of this section. approved by DOT to examine explosives or, obtain a test report from a recog- nized competent authority (for fireworks manufactured abroad.) The manufac- * TABLE 3.7-1 Prohibited Chemicals for Consumer turer shall then submit an approval application (see appendix D) together with Fireworks the appropriate examination reports to DOT. DOT may then issue approval based on the information contained in the application and accompanying labora- 1. Arsenic sulfide, arsenates, or arsenites tory reports, or may require additional information. 2. Boron 3. Chlorates, except: * 3.9.3 Theatrical pyrotechnics containing only mixtures of chemicals specified a. In colored smoke mixtures in which an equal or greater weight of sodium in table 4.3-1. For each item in which approval is sought, manufacturers shall bicarbonate is included submit a copy of an approval application (see appendix D) to DOT. DOT may b. In party poppers issue an approval for the device as 1.4G based on the information contained in c. In those small items (such as ground spinners) wherein the total powder the form. Or, at DOTʼs discretion, may require a report from a person approved content does not exceed 4 g of which not greater than 15% (or 600 mg) is potas- by DOT to examine explosives or may require a test report from a recognized sium, sodium, or barium chlorate competent authority (for articles manufactured abroad.) d. In firecrackers e. In toy caps * 3.9.4 Theatrical pyrotechnics containing any chemical not specified in table 4. Gallates or gallic acid 4.3-1. For each item in which approval is sought, the manufacturer shall obtain 5. Magnesium (magnesium/aluminum alloys, called magnalium, are permit- a report from a person approved by DOT to examine explosives or obtain a test ted) report from a recognized competent authority (for articles manufactured abroad.) 6. Mercury salts The manufacturer shall then submit an approval application (see Appendix D) 7. Phosphorus (red or white) (red phosphorus is permissible in caps and party together with the appropriate laboratory reports to DOT. DOT may then issue an poppers) approval based on the information contained in the application and accompany- 8. Picrates or picric acid ing laboratory reports. 9. Thiocyanates 10. Titanium, except in particle size that does not pass through a 100-mesh * 3.9.5 If classification other than 1.4G is sought, the DOT approval procedure sieve in Title 49 CFR, § 173.56(b)(1) must be followed. This includes obtaining a 11. Zirconium laboratory report from a person approved by DOT to examine explosives. 12. Lead tetroxide (red lead oxide) and other lead compounds * 3.10 Marking and Labeling Fireworks intended for consumer sale and use * 3.7.2 Prohibited Components No component of any consumer fireworks shall be labeled in conformance with the requirements of the Federal Hazardous 1124-29 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Substances Act (FHSA) and regulations promulgated thereunder in Title16 CFR, display fireworks (Fireworks, 1.3G) must be classified and approved by DOT in § 1500. All outside packaging containing fireworks must be marked and labeled accordance with the following procedures: in conformance with Title 49 CFR, § 172. (See appendix C and chapter 5 for details and examples.) * 4.3.1 Devices containing only mixtures of chemicals specified in table 4.3-1. The manufacturer shall submit a copy of an approval application (see appendix 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR DISPLAY FIREWORKS DEVICES D) to DOT for any item that has not previously been approved by DOT. DOT may issue an approval for the device based on the information contained in the Note: Devices in this category, formerly classed as Class B Explosives, Special form. Or, at its discretion, may require examination by a person approved by Fireworks, are now classed as 1.3G, under the UN system and referred to as DOT to examine explosives, or may accept a test report from a recognized com- display fireworks. petent authority (for fireworks manufactured abroad.)

* 4.1 Types of Display Fireworks Devices. The following fireworks * 4.3.2 Devices containing any chemical not specified in table 4.3-1. For each devices are subject to the requirements of chapter 4: item in which approval is sought, the manufacturer shall submit a sample of each pyrotechnic mixture that contains any chemical not specified in table 4.3-1 to a *4.1.1 Aerial Shell A cylindrical or spherical cartridge containing lift charge, person approved by DOT to examine explosives. Or, the applicant may obtain burst charge and effect composition.) Shells are most commonly 2 inches (50 a test report from a recognized competent authority (for fireworks manufactured mm) to 6 inches (152mm) in diameter, and are fired from metal, high-density abroad.) The manufacturer shall then submit an approval application (see appen- polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass, or heavy cardboard tubes. Upon firing, the dix D), together with the appropriate laboratory reports to DOT. DOT may then lift charge is consumed and the cartridge is expelled into the air. A pyrotechnic issue approval based on the information contained in the application and accom- effect is produced near the apex of flight. Aerial shells are typically ignited by panying laboratory report(s). means of a quickmatch fuse or electric match. Burst charge used in aerial shells is limited to black powder (potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal) or similar See Table 4.3.1 on the next page pyrotechnic composition may not be approved under the provisions of this Standard as 1.3G articles. Aerial shells exceeding 10 inches (250 mm) in diam- Miscellaneous Compounds: Organic compounds may be compounds such eter or containing a burst charge that has metallic fuel may be approved under as: lactose; shellac; red gum; chlorinated paraffin; and polyvinyl chloride that this Standard as Fireworks, UN0333, 1.1G. consist of some combination of carbon with hydrogen, oxygen and/or chlorine. Nitrogen may be present if it accounts for less than 10% (by weight) of the Note: All aerial shells that are not contained in a launch tube (section 3.1.2.5) or compound. sold as part of a reloadable shell kit (section 3.1.2.6) may only be approved under the provisions of this Standard as Fireworks, UN0335, 1.3G. Nitrocellulose with not more than 12.6% nitrogen by mass, that meets the criteria for classification as a 4.1 flammable solid, is permitted as a propelling or expel- * 4.1.2 Salute Paper-wrapped, cardboard tube, or sphere containing explosive ling charge provided there is less than 15 g of nitrocellulose per article. composition in excess of 130 mg (2 grains.) Upon ignition, noise and a flash of light are produced. The maximum quantity of explosive composition in a salute Note: Exact chemical identity of each organic compound must be shell, or in a salute component of a multi-effect shell, shall not exceed 2.5 oz included when submitting an approval application (appendix D) to DOT. (71 g) for approval under this Standard as a 1.3G article. Salutes or articles with salute components containing more than 2.5 oz (71g) of explosive composition * 4.4 Approval for Combination Devices for Display Purposes When two per salute or per component may be approved under this Standard as Fireworks, or more articles of consumer or display fireworks, or theatrical pyrotechnics UN0333 1.1G. (already approved by DOT) are combined to form one unit, a separate approval for the combination device is not required if all of the following conditions are * 4.1.3 Other Fireworks Devices met:

* 4.1.3.1 When the quantity of explosive and/or pyrotechnic composition * 4.4.1 The combination device is to be used for display or entertainment pur- exceeds the limit for inclusion in the Fireworks, UN0336 category, devices enu- poses, but is not intended for consumer use. merated in section 3.1 are classed as 1.3G and described as Fireworks, UN0335 (formerly described as Fireworks, Special and classed as Class B Explosives.) * 4.4.2 The combination device is constructed from approved fireworks, novel- This includes multiple tube devices containing more than 200 g of total chemical ties, and theatrical pyrotechnics. composition, except as otherwise specified in section 3.5. * 4.4.3 The combination device is transported by private carrier. * 4.1.3.2 Certain devices intended for signaling, illuminating, and incendiary purposes such as: railway torpedoes; airplane flares; illuminating projectiles; * 4.4.4 The assembled unit is transported using the EX numbers for the indi- incendiary and smoke projectiles; as well as flash cartridges (formerly classed as vidual components. special fireworks,) no longer fall into the fireworks category under DOT regula- tions effective on 10/1/91 and are not part of this Standard. * 4.4.5 If all components of the combination device have been approved as 1.4G articles, the combination item is classed as a 1.4G article provided that the * 4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells total weight of pyrotechnic composition (including lift and effect charges) in the article does not exceed 200 g. (see section 3.5 for exception) The combination * 4.2.1 Each shell shall be identified only in terms of the inside diameter (not device shall be described as UN0431, Articles, Pyrotechnic, 1.4G if all of the the circumference) of the mortar in which it can be safely used (e.g., 3 inches components are approved as UN0431. Otherwise, the device shall be described (76mm) shells are only for use in 3 inch (76mm) mortars.) as UN0336, Fireworks, 1.4G.

* 4.2.2 Each shell shall be constructed so that the difference between the inside * 4.4.6 If one or more of the components has been classed as a 1.3G Article, or diameter of the mortar in which it can be safely used and the outside diameter if the total weight of pyrotechnic composition (including lift and effect charges) of the shell is not less than � inch (3.2mm) and not more than 1⁄4 inch (6.4mm) is more than 200 g (see section 3.5 for exception), then the assembled unit is for shells not exceeding 3 inches (76mm) or 1⁄2 inch (12.7mm) for shells larger classed as a 1.3G Article. The combination device shall be described as UN0430, than 3 inches (76mm.) Articles, Pyrotechnic, 1.3G if all of the components are classed as either UN0430 or UN0431. Otherwise, the device shall be described as UN0335, Fireworks, * 4.2.4 The length of the internal delay fuse and the amount of lift charge must 1.3G. be sized to insure proper functioning of the shell in its mortar. Quickmatch fuse, if required, must be long enough to allow not less than 6 inches (152mm) of fuse to protrude from the mortar after the shell is properly inserted. 5. SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS * 4.2.5 The length of exposed black match on a shell, if required, may not be less than 3 inches (76mm) and the fuse shall not be folded or doubled back under the * 5.1 Transportation Regulating Authorities Transportation of fireworks is safety cap. Also, the time delay between ignition of the tip of the exposed black regulated by DOT. Some states and municipalities also regulate transportation match and ignition of the lift charge may not be less than 3 seconds to allow the of fireworks through their jurisdiction, often by incorporation of federal regula- operator to retreat safely. tions.

* 4.2.6 A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the fuse, if igni- * 5.2 Approval Except for samples prepared in accordance with DOT reg- tion fuse is present. The safety cap must be of a different color than that used ulations, or unless specifically permitted by this Standard, no fireworks device for the paper of the fuse. or novelty may be offered for transportation or transported until it is classed and approved by DOT, and an approval number (EX number) is issued (Title 49 * 4.2.7 If an electric match is attached to an aerial shell or other display firework CFR, § 173.56.) (see chapters 3-4 and appendix D) prior to transportation, the requirements in section 5.8 must be complied with. * 5.2.1 EX numbers for fireworks contained in a shipping carton must be *4.3 Approval Prior to being offered for transportation in the United States all marked on the shipping carton or on the shipping paper. 1124-30 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

TABLE 4.3-1 Standard Fireworks Chemicals Chemical Typical Use Aluminum Fuel Ammonium Perchlorate Oxygen Donor Antimony Fuel Antimony Sulfide Fuel Barium Carbonate Neutralizer Barium Nitrate Oxygen Donor Barium Sulfate Oxygen Donor Bismuth Oxide Oxygen Donor Boric Acid Neutralizer Calcium Carbonate Neutralizer Calcium Sulfate Oxygen Donor Carbon or Charcoal Fuel Copper Metal Color Agent Copper Oxide Oxygen Donor/Color Agent Copper Salts (except Copper Chlorate) Color Agent Dextrine Fuel/Binder Hexamethylenenetetramine (Hexamine) Fuel Iron and Iron Alloys (e.g., ferro/titanium) Fuel Iron Oxide Oxygen Donor Magnalium (Magnesium/Aluminum) Fuel Magnesium (in display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics only) Fuel Magnesium Carbonate Neutralizer Magnesium Sulfate Oxygen Donor Nitrocellulose (see Miscellaneous Compounds) Nitrocellulose Based Lacquers Binder Phosphorus, Red (only as provided in table 3.7-1) Fuel Potassium or Sodium Benzoate Whistle Potassium Bichromate (Potassium Dichromate) (not to exceed 5% Oxygen Donor of formulation) Potassium Chlorate (only as provided in table 3.7-1) Oxygen Donor Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Whistle Potassium Nitrate Oxygen Donor Potassium Perchlorate Oxygen Donor Potassium Sulfate Oxygen Donor Silicon Fuel Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) Neutralizer Sodium Nitrate Oxygen Donor Sodium Salicylate Whistle Sodium Salts (except Sodium Chlorate) Color Agent Sodium Sulphate Oxygen Donor Strontium Carbonate Color Agent Strontium Nitrate Oxygen Donor Strontium Salts (except Strontium Chlorate) Color Agent Strontium Sulfate Oxygen Donor Sulfur Fuel Titanium (particle size must not pass through 100 mesh sieve if 1.4G Fuel or 1.4S Fireworks)

1124-31 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 * 5.8.2 The fireworks and the electric matches must be separately approved and * 5.2.2 Cartons containing 5 or more different fireworks devices must be marked assigned EX numbers in accordance with Title 49 CFR, § 173.56. with at least 5 of the EX numbers covering items in the carton, or the EX num- bers must appear on the shipping paper. (Title 49 CFR, §172.320(c) and (d)) * 5.8.3 Report shells (salutes) that exceed 3 inches in diameter or contain more than 70 g (2.5 oz) of salute powder shall not be transported with electric matches * 5.3 Packaging With certain exceptions, Consumer Fireworks UN0336, attached. Display Fireworks UN0335, Articles Pyrotechnic UN0431 and Novelties, must be securely packaged in containers complying with DOT regulations Title 49 * 5.8.4 All electric matches that are pre-attached to fireworks for transporta- CFR, § 178. Gross weight limitation per package is now dictated by the weight tion must be certified by the manufacturer to be thermally stable at 150° C for marked on the certified packaging. Articles with match or friction tip ignition 24 hours. must be packed so that each individual tip is protected against accidental con- tact or friction. Loose chemical composition may not be present in packages in * 5.8.5 All electric matches that are pre-attached to fireworks for transportation transportation. (Title 49 CFR, §172.102(c), Special Provision (108)) shall be rated by the manufacturer to have a no fire current of not less than 0.20 * 5.4 Placards Unless otherwise provided, each motor vehicle, freight con- amperes (i.e., the match does not ignite when tested with a current of less than tainer and rail car must bear appropriate placards on each end and each side (Title 49 CFR, § 172.504 (a).) Vehicles containing packages of consumer fireworks 0.20 amperes.) or novelties which are labeled 1.4G require a 1.4G or Explosive 1.4G placard (Title 49 CFR, § 172.523,) and use of the word explosive is optional (Title 49 * 5.8.6 The electric match shall be securely attached to the fuse or to the lift CFR, § 172.519(b)(3),) except highway and rail shipments of less than 1,000 charge so as to prevent significant movement of the igniter. pounds gross weight of such fireworks need not bear a placard (Title 49 CFR, § 172.504(c).) Vehicles containing display fireworks in any quantity require a * 5.8.7 When the electric match is placed directly into the lift charge of a fire- 1.3G or Explosive 1.3G placard (Title 49 CFR, § 172.522) and use of the word explosive is optional (Title 49 CFR, § 173.519(b)(3).) If both 1.4G and 1.3G are work, the electric match shall have a covering (shroud) placed over the match present in a shipment, the 1.3G placard is required, and the 1.4G placard is not head itself. needed. * 5.8.8 The leg wires of the electric match shall be shorted (shunted) at all times * 5.5 Package Marking and Labeling Each person who offers fireworks for during transportation. transportation shall ensure that the package displays the appropriate square-on- point label (Title 49 CFR, § 172.400(a) and 172.411.) Use of the word explo- * 5.8.9 The transportation of any UN0335, Fireworks, 1.3G with attached elec- sive on the 1.3G and 1.4G labels is not required (Title 49 CFR §172.405(a).) Consumer fireworks, toy smoke devices, and trick noisemakers are either classed tric matches by aircraft is prohibited. as 1.4G, 1.4S, or not regulated for transportation purposes. Display fireworks are 6. REFERENCES classed as 1.3G (Title 49 CFR, § 172.101.) The label must be printed or affixed to the surface of the package near the proper shipping name and identification * 6.1 Title 49 CFR, § 171-180, DOT This document can be found online number, which are also required to appear on the package (Title 49 CFR, § at www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_99/49cfrv2_99.html. A hard copy may 172.301(a).) be purchased from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing * 5.6 Shipping Papers Each person who offers a fireworks device or novelty for transportation shall describe the item on a shipping paper. The Office, Washington, DC 20402, or as republished by Bureau of Explosives description must include the proper shipping name (see Title 49 CFR § 172.101, as Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation, hazardous materials table, col. 2) the hazard class of the material (col. 3,) the identification number (col. 4,) the packing group (col. 5,) and the total quantity Association of American Railroads, 50 F Street, NW, Washington DC 20001. covered by the description (Title 49 CFR § 172.202(a).) Consumer fireworks should be described as follows: Fireworks, 1.4G, UN 0336, PG II, x lb. or kg. * 6.2 Title 16 CFR, § 1000 to End, CPSC This document can be found Display fireworks should be described as Fireworks, 1.3G, UN 0335, PG II, x online at: www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_00/16cfrv2_00.html. A hard lb. or kg. In addition, the shipper shall certify that the shipment is properly clas- sified, marked and labeled (Title 49 CFR § 172.204(a).) copy may be purchased from the US GPO (see section 6.1 for address.) Extracts

Note: EX numbers shall also appear on shipping papers unless they are marked of these regulations pertaining to fireworks only may be purchased from the on each shipping carton. American Pyrotechnics Association. * 5.7 Special Packaging Provisions for Transportation in a Motor Vehicle by Private Carrier Version 12/01/01 * 5.7.1 Fireworks articles such as large set pieces, that are too large to be read- Effective 10/01/03 ily placed into fiberboard cartons, shall be permitted to be transported without 68 Fed Reg. 48562 external packaging to a display site provided that the articles are securely Reprinted 1/04 attached to the inside walls of the vehicle by means of wire, wood, or rope and provided that all fuse is protected against accidental ignition by means of a paper Substantiation: This change incorporates reference to the most current edition covering or paper end cap. All other packages in the vehicle shall be secured to of APA Standard 87-1. prevent accidental movement and contact with the unpackaged articles. Committee Meeting Action: Accept Number Eligible to Vote: 29 * 5.7.2 Fusees (highway flares) for use in a fireworks display shall be permitted Ballot Results: Affirmative: 23 to be transported in a motor vehicle with fireworks, provided that the flares are Ballot Not Returned: 6 BOLES, COLON, FADORSEN, LAIB, PLATT, properly packaged in accordance with Title 49, CFR. ROBERTS * 5.7.3 Display fireworks remaining unfired at the conclusion of a display shall be permitted to be repacked in the certified packaging used to bring the fireworks to the display site. The maximum gross weight (printed as part of the box certification marking) authorized for a fiberboard carton shall not be exceeded. The fireworks shall be removed to authorized storage, by means of motor vehicle, as soon as possible following the display.

* 5.7.4 Misfired devices that are to be returned from the display site to the supplier shall be packed separately from unused, unfired devices, and shall be transported only by private motor carrier.

* 5.8 Requirements for an Electric Match (Igniter) Attached to a Display Firework Prior to Transportation

* 5.8.1 Fireworks with electric matches attached shall only be transported from a fireworks manufacturerʼs or display operatorʼs facility to a fireworks display site, or to an approved storage for subsequent shipment to a display site.

1124-32 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 1.3.2.5 Chapter 8. Chapter 8 shall apply to the transportation on public NFPA 1124 highways of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions or explosive materials. Code for the 1.3.3 This code shall not apply to the use of consumer fireworks by the general Manufacture, Transportation, Storage, and Retail Sales of Fireworks and public. Pyrotechnic Articles 1.3.4 This code shall not apply to the display site storage and use of fireworks 2005 Edition and pyrotechnic articles conducted in accordance with NFPA 1123, Code for NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph Fireworks Display. indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Annex A. 1.3.5 This code shall not apply to the transportation of fireworks, pyrotechnic A reference in brackets [ ] following a section or paragraph indicates material devices used in the entertainment industry, or any component(s) thereof that has been extracted from another NFPA document. As an aid to the user, containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, where such transportation is Annex G lists the complete title and edition of the source documents for both under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) or mandatory and nonmandatory extracts. Editorial changes to extracted material any other national transportation authority. consist of revising references to an appropriate division in this document or 1.3.6 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, or storage of the inclusion of the document number with the division number when the model rockets or high power rockets, model rocket motors or high power rocket reference is to the original document. Requests for interpretations or revisions motors, model rocket motor reloading kits or modules, or high power motor of extracted text shall be sent to the technical committee responsible for the reloading kits or modules, as covered by one of the following codes: source document. (1) NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 2 and Annex G. (2) NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power Rocket Motors Chapter 1 Administration (3) NFPA 1127, Code for High Power Rocketry 1.1 Scope. This code shall provide regulations for the construction, use, and maintenance of buildings and facilities for the following: 1.3.7 This code shall not apply to the manufacture, transportation, and storage of fireworks by federal and state military agencies. (1) The manufacture and storage of fireworks and novelties at fireworks manufacturing facilities 1.3.8 This code shall not apply to the storage of pyrotechnic devices at the site of use and the use of pyrotechnic special effects in the entertainment industry (2) The storage of display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, conducted in accordance with NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and Black Powder at other than before a Proximate Audience. display sites 1.3.9 This code shall not apply to laboratories covered by NFPA 45, Standard (3) The storage of consumer fireworks at distribution facilities on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. (4) The retail sales and related storage of consumer fireworks in consumer 1.3.10 This code shall not apply to fireworks or pyrotechnic articles used in fireworks retail sales facilities and stores conjunction with flammable gas or flammable liquid special effects conducted (5) The transportation on public highways of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, in accordance with NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display, and NFPA 1126, and components thereof containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience. 1.2 Purpose. The purpose of this code shall be to establish reasonable minimum 1.3.11* This code shall not apply to novelties for other than their manufacture. fire and life safety requirements for the manufacture, transportation, and storage 1.4 Retroactivity. The provisions of this code reflect a consensus of what of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) thereof containing is necessary to provide an acceptable degree of protection from the hazards pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, and in the distribution and retail sales of addressed in this code at the time the code was issued. consumer fireworks. 1.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the provisions of this code shall not apply to 1.3 Application. This code shall apply to the manufacture, transportation, facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that existed or were approved and storage of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) thereof for construction or installation prior to the effective date of this code. Where containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions, and to the distribution and specified, the provisions of this code shall be retroactive. retail sales of consumer fireworks. 1.4.2 In those cases where the authority having jurisdiction determines, based 1.3.1 This code shall also apply to the following: on clear and convincing evidence, that the existing situation so materially (1) Testing of fireworks at a manufacturing facility deviates from the requirements of this code that it presents an unacceptable hazard to life or property, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted (2) Testing of pyrotechnic devices used in the entertainment industry to apply retroactively any portions of this code as are necessary to mitigate the (3) Testing of any component(s) of fireworks or pyrotechnic devices used hazard. in the entertainment industry that contain pyrotechnic or explosive 1.4.3 The retroactive requirements of this code shall be permitted to be modified compositions. if their application clearly would be impractical in the judgment of the authority 1.3.2 Use of This Code. This code is structured in a logical sequence of having jurisdiction, and only where it is clearly evident that a reasonable degree Chapters 4 through 8 containing specific requirements that are intended to be of safety is provided. mutually exclusive unless specifically indicated within a chapter. 1.5 Equivalency. Nothing in this code is intended to prevent the use of systems, 1.3.2.1 Chapter 4. Chapter 4 shall apply to the manufacturing of all types of methods, materials, or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire fireworks and pyrotechnic articles at manufacturing facilities. resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this 1.3.2.1.1 For the storage of salute powder, pyrotechnic and explosive code. compositions, and Black Powder used in the manufacturing of fireworks and for 1.5.1 Technical documentation shall be submitted to the authority having the storage of finishedDRAFT display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles, see Chapter 5. jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency. 1.3.2.1.2 For the storage of finished consumer fireworks and pyrotechnic 1.5.2 The system, method, material, or device shall be approved for the intended articles classified as explosives, 1.4G (UN0336, UN0337, UN0431, and purpose by the authority having jurisdiction. UN0432), see Chapter 6. 1.6 Enforcement. This code shall be administered and enforced by the 1.3.2.2 Chapter 5. Chapter 5 shall apply to the storage of salute powder, authority having jurisdiction designated by the governing authority. (See Annex pyrotechnic and explosive compositions, and Black Powder used in the F for sample wording for enabling legislation.) manufacturing of fireworks and to finished display fireworks and pyrotechnic Chapter 2 Referenced Publications articles not classified as explosives, 1.4G (UN0336, UN0337, UN0431, and UN0432). 2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this code and shall be considered part of the requirements of 1.3.2.3 Chapter 6. Chapter 6 shall apply to the storage of finished consumer this document. fireworks at manufacturing and distribution facilities. 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch 1.3.2.3.1 Chapter 6 shall not apply to the storage of consumer fireworks at Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores. NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2002 edition. 1.3.2.3.2 For the storage of consumer fireworks related to the retail sales of consumer fireworks at consumer fireworks retail sales facilities or stores, see NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition. Chapter 7. NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, 1.3.2.4 Chapter 7. Chapter 7 shall apply to the retail sales of consumer 2004 edition. fireworks to the public at consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores NFPA 70, National Electrical Code®, 2005 edition. and to the related storage of consumer fireworks at such facilities. NFPA 72®, National Fire Alarm Code®, 2002 edition. 1124-33 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 edition. 3.3.3 Area. NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, 2003 edition. 3.3.3.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. The portion of a consumer NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, fireworks retail sales facility or store, including the immediately adjacent aisles, and Membrane Structures, 1995 edition. where consumer fireworks are located for the purpose of retail display and sale to the public. NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, 2002 edition. 3.3.3.2 Process Area. An outside area complying with the applicable provisions NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, 2003 edition. of this code for a process building that is used for the manufacture of fireworks NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 2003 edition. and pyrotechnic articles. NFPA 259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials, 3.3.4 Artificial Barricade. See 3.3.5.1. 2003 edition. 3.3.5 Barricade. A natural or artificial barrier that effectively screens a NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers, 2004 edition. magazine, building, railway, or highway from the effects of an explosion in a magazine or building containing explosives. NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry, 2002 edition. 3.3.5.1 Artificial Barricade. An artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display, 2000 edition. minimum thickness of 3 ft (0.9 m). NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power 3.3.5.2 Natural Barricade. A natural outdoor feature(s), such as hills or Rocket Motors, 2001 edition. trees, with a density sufficient to prevent surrounding exposures that require NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate protection from being seen from a magazine or building containing explosives Audience, 2001 edition. when the trees are bare of leaves. NFPA 1127, Code for High Power Rocketry, 2002 edition. 3.3.5.3* Screen Barricade. Any barrier that contains the embers and debris 2.3 Other Publications. from a fire or deflagration in a process building, thus preventing propagation of fire to other buildings or areas. 1125[ ,] 2.3.1 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. 3.3.6 Binary Material. See 3.3.39.1. Child Safety Act of 1966. 3.3.7* Binary System. A two-component pyrotechnic system. [1126,2005] Title XI, “Regulation of Explosives, of the Crime Control Act of 1970,” 1970. 3.3.8 Black Powder. See 3.3.53.1. Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1500 and Part 1507, U.S. 3.3.9 Building. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 3.3.9.1* Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. A building in which Title 18, United States Code, Chapter 40, “Importation, Manufacture, finished consumer fireworks are received, stored, and shipped but in which no Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Materials,” 1970. manufacturing is performed. Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 55, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco 3.3.9.2* Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. A building, and Firearms. room, or area where finished consumer fireworks are picked and packaged into retail packages, including assortments and those picked and packed into DOT- Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations , Part 1910.1200, “Hazard approved packaging, and where related operations are performed. Communication,” U.S. Department of Labor. 3.3.9.3* Inhabited Building. Any building or structure regularly used in whole Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 100 to end, U.S. Department of or part as a place of human habitation. Transportation. 3.3.9.4* Mechanical Building. A building that contains mechanical, electrical, 2.3.2 Institute of Makers of Explosives Publication. Institute of Makers of air-conditioning, or other equipment and that usually is connected to a process Explosives, 1120 19th St., NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20036-3605. or nonprocess building. American Table of Distances, American Table of Distances for Storage of 3.3.9.5* Mixing Building. Any building used primarily for mixing and Explosives, June, 1991. blending of pyrotechnic compositions. Chapter 3 Definitions 3.3.9.6* Nonprocess Building. An office building, a warehouse, or other 3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter shall apply to the terms building or area located in a manufacturing facility in which no fireworks, used in this code. Where terms are not included, common usage of the terms pyrotechnic or explosive composition, pyrotechnic articles, or components shall apply. containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials are processed or stored. 3.2 NFPA Official Definitions. 3.3.9.7* Process Building. Any building or any room at a manufacturing 3.2.1* Approved. Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. facility where fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or component(s) containing explosive or pyrotechnic compositions are manufactured. 3.2.2* Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a 3.3.9.8 Shipping Building. A building used for the packing of assorted display procedure. fireworks or for the loading of display fireworks onto vehicles for shipment to purchasers. 3.2.3* Code. A standard that is an extensive compilation of provisions covering broad subject matter or that is suitable for adoption into law independently of 3.3.9.9 Storage Building. A building, structure, or facility in which consumer other codes and standards. fireworks in any state of processing are stored, but in which no processing or manufacturing is performed. 3.2.4 Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to 3.3.9.10* Unoccupied Building. A building that is normally unoccupied during the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that its entire period of daily operations. maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, 3.3.10 Bulk Salute. See 3.3.69.1. and by whose labelingDRAFT the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate 3.3.11 Bulk Salute Powder. See 3.3.53.3.1. standards or performance in a specified manner. 3.3.12 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. See 3.3.39.2. 3.2.5* Listed. Equipment, materials, or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and 3.3.13* Comet. A single pellet of pyrotechnic composition that is ignited and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic simultaneously propelled into the air from a mortar or tube; a comet is self- inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation consuming as it rises into the air and can be designed to split apart. [1123, 2000] of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or 3.3.14 Common Fireworks. See 3.3.30.1. service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found 3.3.15 Composition. suitable for a specified purpose. 3.3.15.1 Explosive Composition. Any chemical compound or mixture, the Indicates a mandatory requirement. 3.2.6 Shall. primary purpose of which is to function by explosion, producing an audible 3.2.7 Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not effect (report) in a fireworks device. required. 3.3.15.2 Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that, upon burning, 3.3 General Definitions. produces visible, brilliant displays, bright lights, or sounds. 3.3.1* Aerial Shell. A cartridge containing pyrotechnic composition, a burst 3.3.15.3 Whistle Composition. A pyrotechnic composition that when pressed charge, and an internal time fuse or module, that is propelled into the air from a into a tube with an open end burns in an oscillatory manner to produce an mortar and that is intended to burst at or near apogee. [1123, 2000] audible effect. 3.3.2 Airburst. A pyrotechnic device that is suspended in the air to simulate 3.3.16 Consumer Fireworks. See 3.3.30.2. outdoor aerial fireworks shells without producing hazardous debris. 1126[ , 3.3.17 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. See 3.3.3.1. 2001] 1124-34 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 3.3.18 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. See 3.3.29.1. not greater than 50; and (b) Materials, in the form and thickness used, other 3.3.19* Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. A temporary or permanent than as described in (a), having neither a flame spread index greater than 25 building or structure that has a floor area not greater than 800 ft2 (74 m2), other nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such composition than tents, canopies, or membrane structures, that is used primarily for the retail that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the material on any display and sale of consumer fireworks to the public. plane would have neither a flame spread index greater than 25 nor evidence of continued progressive combustion. (Materials subject to increase in 3.3.20 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. See 3.3.9.1. combustibility or flame spread index beyond the limits herein established 3.3.21 Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. See 3.3.9.2. through the effects of age, moisture, or other atmospheric condition shall be considered combustible.) [220: 2.1] 3.3.22* Covered Fuse. A fuse that is protected against accidental ignition resulting from contact with a spark, smoldering item, or small open flame. 3.3.39.4 Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not ignite, burn, support 3.3.23 Display Fireworks. See 3.3.30.3. combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. 3.3.24 Distribution Facility. See 3.3.29.2. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for 3.3.25* DOT-Approved Packaging. Packaging for fireworks complying with Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C, shall be considered the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), Title 49, Part noncombustible materials. [220:2.1] 178. 3.3.39.5* Pyrotechnic Material (Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material). 3.3.26 Electric Match. An electric device that contains a small amount of A chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry to produce visible or pyrotechnic material that ignites when current flows through the leads and that audible effects by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. is used to initiate the burning of pyrotechnics. [1123,] 3.3.40 Mechanical Building. See 3.3.9.5. 3.3.27* Explosive. Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or 3.3.41* Mercantile Occupancy. An occupancy used for the display and sale of common purpose of which is to function by explosion. [495, 2001] merchandise. [5000, 2002] 3.3.28 Explosive Composition. See 3.3.15.1. 3.3.42 Mine.* A device containing multiple pyrotechnic effects that are 3.3.29 Facility. simultaneously ignited and dispersed into the air from mortar or tube. [1123, 2000] 3.3.29.1 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility (CFRS Facility). A permanent or temporary building or structure, consumer fireworks retail sales 3.3.43 Mixing Building. See 3.3.9.5. stand, tent, canopy, or membrane structure that is used primarily for the retail 3.3.44 Motor Vehicle. Any self-propelled vehicle, truck, tractor, semitrailer, display and sale of consumer fireworks to the public. or truck-trailer combination used for the transportation of freight over public 3.3.29.2 Distribution Facility. A place where consumer fireworks are received, highways. [495, 2001] stored, picked, packaged and packed into shipping cartons, and shipped to other 3.3.45 Natural Barricade. See 3.3.5.2. distribution facilities, manufacturing facilities, or consumer fireworks retail 3.3.46 Noncombustible Material. See 3.3.39.4. sales facilities or stores. 3.3.47 Nonprocess Building. See 3.3.9.6. 3.3.29.3* Manufacturing Facility. A place where manufacturing of fireworks, novelties, pyrotechnic articles, or components for these devices is conducted. 3.3.48* Novelties. Small devices containing limited amounts of pyrotechnic explosive or composition that produce a visible or an audible effect and that are 3.3.30* Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing not classified as consumer fireworks. a visible or an audible effect for entertainment purposes by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, that meets the definition ofConsumer Fireworks or 3.3.49* Oxidizer. Usually an oxygen-rich, ionically bonded chemical that Display Fireworks as set forth in this code. decomposes at moderate to high temperatures. 3.3.30.1* Consumer Fireworks. Small fireworks devices containing 3.3.50 Permanent. As applied to buildings or structures: a building or structure restricted amounts of pyrotechnic composition, designed primarily to produce affixed to a foundation on a site and having fixed utility connections, that is visible or audible effects by combustion, that comply with the construction, intended to remain on the site for more than 180 consecutive calendar days. chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product 3.3.51 Person. An individual, a firm, a copartnership, a corporation, a company, Safety Commission (CPSC), as set forth in CPSC Title 16, Code of Federal an association, or a joint-stock association, including any trustee, receiver, Regulations, Parts 1500 and 1507, Title 49 CFR Part 172, and APA Standard 87- assignee, or personal representative thereof. 1, Standard for the Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, Novelties, and Theatrical Pyrotechnics. 3.3.52 Pest Control Device. An explosive device used to control animal pests. 3.3.30.2* Display Fireworks. Large fireworks devices that are explosive 3.3.53 Powder. materials intended for use in fireworks displays and designed to produce visible 3.3.53.1 Black Powder. A low explosive consisting of an intimate mixture of or audible effects by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, as set forth in potassium or sodium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. [1126, 2005] CPSC Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1500 and 1507, Title 49 CFR 3.3.53.2 Flashpowder. See 3.3.53.3. Part 172, and APA Standard 87-1, Standard for the Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, Novelties, and Theatrical Pyrotechnics. 3.3.53.3 Salute Powder. An explosive composition that makes a loud report when ignited and constitutes the sole pyrotechnic mixture in a salute. 3.3.31 Flame Break. A solid material without holes or other openings, used to retard the spread of flame. 3.3.53.3.1 Bulk Salute Powder. A quantity of salute powder in an amount exceeding 1 lb (0.45 kg). 3.3.32 Flashpowder. See 3.3.53.2. 3.3.54* Packaged Fireworks Merchandise. A consumer fireworks device 3.3.33 Highway. Any public street, public alley, or public road. or group of consumer fireworks devices that has been packaged within an 3.3.34 Inhabited Building. See 3.3.9.3. unperforated container or packaging material by the manufacturer, distributor, 3.3.35 Limited-Combustible Material. See 3.3.39.3. or seller for retail display and sale as a unit. 3.3.36 Magazine.DRAFT A building or structure, other than an explosives 3.3.55 Process Area. See 3.3.3.2. manufacturing building, approved for the storage of explosive materials. 3.3.56 Process Building. See 3.3.9.8. 3.3.37* Manufacturing. The mixing, pressing, and loading of explosive or 3.3.57 Public Conveyance. Any railroad car, streetcar, ferry, cab, bus, airplane, pyrotechnic compositions for the purpose of producing fireworks or pyrotechnic or other vehicle that carries passengers for hire. [495, 2001] articles. 3.3.58 Pyrotechnic Article. A pyrotechnic device, other than a device classed 3.3.38 Manufacturing Facility. See 3.3.29.3. as fireworks, for use in the entertainment industry. 3.3.39 Material. 3.3.59 Pyrotechnic Composition. See 3.3.15.2. 3.3.39.1 Binary Material. See 3.3.7, Binary System. [1126: 2001] 3.3.60* Pyrotechnic Laboratory. A building or room used for research, 3.3.39.2* Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. Explosive material that can development, or testing of chemicals, fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, or be detonated by 150 gr (9.8 g) M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle components containing explosive or pyrotechnic compositions. velocity of 2700 ft/sec (824 m/sec) where fired from a 0.30 caliber rifle at a 3.3.61 Pyrotechnic Material. See 3.3.39.5. distance of 100 ft (30 m), measured perpendicular. [495, 2001] 3.3.62 Pyrotechnic Special Effect. A special effect created through the use 3.3.39.3 Limited-Combustible Material. A building construction material not of pyrotechnic materials and devices. (See also D.1.42, Special Effect.) [1126, complying with the definition of noncombustible material that, in the form in 2001] which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3500 Btu/lb (8141 3.3.63 Pyrotechnics. Controlled exothermic chemical reactions that are timed kJ/kg), where tested in accordance with NFPA 259, Standard Test Method to create the effects of heat, gas, sound, dispersion of aerosols, emission of for Potential Heat of Building Materials, and complies with (a) or (b): (a) visible electromagnetic radiation, or a combination of these effects to provide Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing the maximum effect from the least volume. not exceeding a thickness of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) that has a flame spread index 1124-35 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 3.3.64 Railway. Any steam, electric, diesel-electric, or other railroad or railway 4.2.1.1.2 Any loss, theft, defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication that carries passengers for hire on the particular line or branch in the vicinity of of a license or permit shall be reported immediately to the issuing authority. a pyrotechnics manufacturing or storage facility. 4.2.1.2 Licenses or permits shall not be assigned or transferred. 3.3.65 Retail Sales. The retail display and sale of merchandise to the public 4.2.2 The issuing authority shall be notified immediately of any change of within a mercantile occupancy. business name, controlling ownership, or address. 3.3.66 Rocket. A pyrotechnic device that moves by the ejection of matter 4.3 Recordkeeping and Reporting. produced by the internal combustion of propellants. 4.3.1 Record Maintenance. 3.3.67 Salute. A display firework that is designed to produce a loud report. 4.3.1.1 Manufacturers shall maintain records in compliance with federal 3.3.67.1 Aerial Salute. A salute that functions as an aerial shell. regulations. 3.3.67.2 Bulk Salute. A collection of salutes or salute components containing 4.3.1.2 Manufacturers shall maintain records for all chemicals and chemical more than 2 lb (0.9 kg) of salute powder, unless the salutes are mixed with other mixtures in compliance with the requirements of 29 CFR, 1910.1200, “Hazard types of aerial shells so that the total quantity of salutes to other types of shells Communication.” is less than 50 percent in a single magazine. 4.3.2 Record Availability. Records shall be made available to the authority 3.3.67.3 Ground Salute. A salute that functions from a stationary or secured having jurisdiction (AHJ). position. 4.3.2.1 Where consumer fireworks are handled exclusively, records shall be 3.3.68 Salute Powder. See 3.3.53.3. maintained for 3 years. 3.3.69 Screen Barricade. See 3.3.5.3. 4.3.2.2 Records other than consumer fireworks shall be maintained for 5 years. 3.3.70 Shipping Building. See 3.3.9.8. 4.3.3 Loss, Theft, or Unlawful Removal of Explosive Materials. 3.3.71 Special Fireworks. See 3.3.30.4. 4.3.3.1 The loss, theft, or unlawful removal of explosive materials shall be 3.3.72* Stars. Small masses of pyrotechnic compounds that are projected from reported immediately to the nearest office of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco aerial shells, mines, or roman candles. and Firearms, U.S. Department of the Treasury, and to local law enforcement 3.3.73 Storage Building. See 3.3.9.9. authorities. 3.3.74* Store. A building classified as a mercantile occupancy that contains 4.3.3.2 The loss, theft or removal of consumer fireworks shall not be required to a variety of merchandise and that is not used primarily for the retail sales of be reported. consumer fireworks. 4.4 Site Security. 3.3.75 Temporary. As applied to buildings or structures: a building or structure 4.4.1 General. All plant buildings containing pyrotechnic composition, not meeting the definition for permanent structure. As applied to electrical explosive composition, or fireworks shall be locked at the end of the workday power and wiring: electrical service in use or in place for a period of 90 and whenever plant personnel are not present, to provide security. consecutive calendar days or less. 4.4.2 Plant Access. 3.3.76 Unoccupied Building. See 3.3.9.10. 4.4.2.1 All roads leading into the plant shall be provided with gates that shall be 3.3.77 Whistle Composition. See 3.3.15.3. kept closed and locked at all times when not used for entry or exit. Chapter 4 Manufacturing Operations 4.4.2.2 Vehicle access to the plant shall be restricted to roadways by means of a 4.1 Applicability. fence, natural barriers such as trees, and culverts, or by other means. 4.1.1 All manufacturing facilities shall comply with the requirements of this 4.4.2.3 If the main plant entrance is in full view of and under the observation of chapter. an authorized responsible employee or guard, the main plant entrance shall be permitted to be left open during regular plant operating hours. 4.1.2 Manufacturing facilities shall not be required to comply with Sections 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and 4.10, provided that they meet all of the following conditions: 4.4.2.4 Only authorized employees or representatives of federal, state, or local agencies having jurisdiction over the plant shall be permitted inside the plant (1) Manufacturing is restricted to production of custom fireworks, without special permission of the person in charge. pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials that are not for general sale. 4.4.3 Signage. Conspicuous signs that read as follows shall be posted at the entrance and along the fence or barrier: (2) The facility contains not more than 5 lb (2.3 kg) of pyrotechnic composition, of which not more than 0.5 lb (0.23 kg) is of explosive WARNING — NO SMOKING — NO TRESPASSING composition. 4.5 Construction. (3) All explosive and pyrotechnic compositions are removed to a storage 4.5.1 Process Building. magazine at the end of each workday. 4.5.1.1 Process buildings shall be single-story buildings and shall not have 4.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to the following operations performed in a basements. separate building or area, which are not considered fireworks manufacturing: 4.5.1.2 Wall joints and openings for wiring, plumbing, and other utilities shall (1) Assembly of display pieces from finished fireworks, pyrotechnic be sealed to prevent the entry of dusts. articles, and fuse classified as UN0336, UN0337, UN0431, and UN0432 4.5.1.3 Horizontal ledges and surfaces upon which dust can settle and (2) Minor repairs or modification of finished fireworks not involving accumulate shall be minimized. exposed pyrotechnic material 4.5.2* Floors and Work Surfaces. (3) Picking and packaging finished fireworks into packages including 4.5.2.1 Floors and work surfaces shall not have cracks or crevices in which assortments explosives or pyrotechnic compositions can lodge. (4) Packing packagesDRAFT and assortments into DOT-approved packaging. 4.5.2.2 Floors and work surfaces in mixing and loading buildings for salute (5) The attachment of a match or fuse and minor repairs to display fireworks powder shall be of conductive materials. and pyrotechnic articles 4.5.2.3 Conductive footwear or other grounding techniques for personnel shall 4.2 Permit Requirements. be used wherever exposed salute powder is present. The manufacture of any fireworks shall be prohibited unless authorized by 4.5.3 Heating, Lighting, and Electrical Equipment. federal license, where required, and conducted in accordance with this code. 4.5.3.1 Stoves, exposed flames, and portable electric heaters shall be prohibited 4.2.1 Persons engaged in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in any building where fireworks, fireworks components, or flammable liquids in fireworks shall meet both of the following requirements: are or can be present. (1) They shall possess a valid federal license or permit, where required by 4.5.3.2 Heating shall be provided by steam, hot water, indirect hot air radiators, Title XI, “Regulation of Explosives, of the Crime Control Act of 1970” or any other means acceptable to the AHJ. (18, USC, Chapter 40, “Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and 4.5.3.3 Unit heaters located in buildings that contain exposed explosive or Storage of Explosive Materials”) pyrotechnic composition shall be equipped with motors and electrical devices (2) They shall comply with all applicable state and local laws and for use in hazardous locations in accordance with Article 502 of NFPA 70, regulations. National Electrical Code. 4.2.1.1 Copies of all required licenses and permits shall be posted at each 4.5.3.4 All wiring, switches, and electrical fixtures in process buildings shall manufacturing facility. meet the requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with Article 502 of 4.2.1.1.1 License and permit holders shall protect licenses and permits from NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. loss, theft, defacement, destruction, or unauthorized duplication. 4.5.3.4.1 Portable lighting equipment shall not be used, unless under both of the 1124-36 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 following conditions: (6) Any electric motor and any controls for electric heating devices used to (1) Listed portable lighting equipment shall be permitted to be used during heat water or produce steam shall have overload devices and disconnects repair operations. that comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. (2) The repair operations area shall be cleared of all pyrotechnic or (7) All electrical switchgear shall be located at least 25 ft (7.6 m) from the explosive material, and all dust or residue shall be removed before magazine. portable lighting equipment is used. (8) Any fuel-fired heating source for the hot water or steam shall be 4.5.3.4.2 All presses and other such mechanical devices used in the vicinity of separated from the magazine by a distance of not less than 25 ft (7.6 m). exposed explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be electrically bonded and (9) Explosive materials stored in magazines shall be arranged so that grounded. uniform circulation of air is ensured. 4.5.3.5 All artificial lighting shall be electrically powered. 4.6.3 Lighting. 4.5.4 Static Discharge. 4.6.3.1 Where lighting is necessary within the magazine, the following sources 4.5.4.1 A means for discharging static shall be provided at the entrance to all of lighting shall be permitted: mixing, pressing, and loading buildings where exposed salute powder is present. (1) Electric safety flashlights 4.5.4.2 All personnel entering the buildings described in 4.5.4.1 shall utilize the (2) Electric safety lanterns means required by 4.5.4.1. (3) Chemiluminescent lighting 4.5.5 Explosion Relief. (4) Electric light source outside the magazine that is aimed at the entrance 4.5.5.1* Provision of explosion relief, by means of pressure-relieving 4.6.3.2 Where electric lighting is used within a magazine, the installation shall construction or explosion vents, shall be considered for each process building in meet the following requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with which an explosion hazard exists. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code: 4.5.5.2 Where climatic conditions (or local building code requirements) prevent (1) Junction boxes containing fuses or circuit breakers and electrical the use of pressure-relieving construction or explosion vents, alternate methods disconnects shall be located at least 25 ft (7.6 m) from the magazine. of protecting nearby buildings such as, but not limited to, screen-type barricades and differences in elevation of trees shall be provided for buildings in which an (2) Junction boxes located within the magazine shall not have openings and explosion hazard exists. shall be equipped with close-fitting covers. 4.5.6 Means of Egress. (3) Disconnects, fuses, and circuit breakers shall be protected by a voltage surge arrester capable of handling 2500 amperes for 0.1 second. 4.5.6.1 Means of egress in all buildings shall comply with applicable requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. (4) All wiring from switches, both inside and outside the magazine, shall be installed in rigid conduit. 4.5.6.2 Means of egress in process buildings also shall comply with the following requirements: (5) Wiring from switches located inside and outside the magazine that leads into the magazine shall be installed underground. (1) At least two remotely located means of egress shall be provided from every point in every undivided floor area of more than 100 ft2 (9 m2). (6) Conduit and light fixtures inside the magazine shall be protected from physical damage by guards or by location. (2) Where process buildings are divided into rooms, means of egress shall be as follows: (7) Light fixtures shall be enclosed to prevent sparks or hot metal from falling on the floor or onto material stored in the magazine. (a) At least two means of escape shall be provided from each room of more than 100 ft2 (9 m2). (8) Lights inside magazines shall not be left on when the magazines are unattended. (b) Toilet rooms shall be permitted to have only one means of egress, provided that they are located away from or shielded 4.6.4 Ventilation. from process areas. 4.6.4.1 Where required in the magazine, ventilation shall be provided to protect (3) An unobstructed means of egress shall be located so that every point the stored materials for the specific area in which the plant is located. within the room or undivided floor area is within 25 ft (7.6 m) of a 4.6.4.2 Stored materials shall be placed so that they do not interfere with means of egress. ventilation and to prevent contact with masonry walls, steel, or other ferrous (4) Exit doors shall open outward and shall be capable of being pressure metal by means of a nonsparking lattice or equivalent lining. actuated from the inside. 4.7 Magazine Construction — Requirements for Specific Types. 4.6 Magazine Construction — General. 4.7.1 Type 1 Magazine. A Type 1 magazine shall be a permanent structure, 4.6.1 General. such as a building or igloo, that is bullet resistant, fire resistant, theft resistant, weather resistant, and ventilated and shall comply with the following: 4.6.1.1 Magazines shall be constructed to comply with Section 4.6 or in a manner equivalent to the requirements of Section 4.6. (1) Walls and doors shall be bullet resistant and shall be constructed in accordance with any of the specifications in Annex B. 4.6.1.2 The ground around magazines shall be graded so that water drains away from the magazine. (2) The roof shall be constructed of any type of structurally sound material that is or has been made fire resistant on the exterior. 4.6.1.3 Exposed ferrous metal shall not be permitted on the interior of the magazine where it might contact material stored within. (3)* Where the natural terrain around a Type 1 magazine makes it possible for a bullet to be shot through the roof and ceiling at such an angle that 4.6.2 Heating. the bullet can strike the explosive materials within, either the roof or the 4.6.2.1 The area between the heating unit and the magazine shall be cleared of ceiling shall be of bullet-resistant construction. all combustible materials.DRAFT(4) The foundation shall be enclosed completely, and the following 4.6.2.2 Magazines requiring heat shall be heated by either hot-water radiant requirements also shall apply: heating within the magazine building or by indirect warm-air heating. (a) A wood foundation enclosure shall be covered on the exterior with 4.6.2.3 Indirect warm air shall be heated by either hot-water coils or low- not less than 26-gauge metal. pressure [gauge pressure of 15 psi (103 kPa) or less] steam coils located outside (b) Openings provided for cross ventilation on the exterior of a wood the magazine building. foundation enclosure shall not be required to be covered with 26- 4.6.2.4 Magazine heating systems shall meet the following requirements: gauge metal. (1) Radiant heating coils within the building shall be installed so that (5) The floor shall be constructed of wood or other equivalent material. explosive materials or their containers cannot contact the coils and so (6) Floors constructed of materials that can cause sparks shall meet one of that air is free to circulate between the coils and the explosives. the following requirements: (2) The surface temperature of radiant heating coils shall not exceed 165°F (a) They shall be covered with a nonsparking surface. (74°C). (b) The packages of explosive material shall be packed on pallets of (3) Heating ducts shall be installed so that the hot air discharge from the nonsparking material. ducts is not directed against explosive materials or their containers. (7) Type 1 magazines shall be ventilated to prevent dampness or heating of (4) The heating system shall be controlled so that the ambient temperature explosives, and the following requirements also shall apply: of the magazine does not exceed 130°F (54°C). (a) Ventilation openings shall be screened to prevent entrance of (5) Any electric fan or pump used in the heating system shall be located sparks. outside the magazine, separate from the magazine walls, and shall be grounded. (b) Ventilators in sidewalls shall be offset or shielded. 1124-37 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 (c) Magazines with foundation and roof ventilators, with air (4) Magazines constructed of wood shall meet the following requirements: circulating between the sidewalls and floor and between the (a) They shall have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors of 2 in. (51 sidewalls and ceiling, shall have a wood-lattice lining or equivalent mm) hardwood that are braced at the corners. means to prevent packages from being stacked against the sidewalls and blocking air circulation. (b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge. (d) Magazines specified in 4.7.1(7)(c) shall be provided with 2 in. (51 (c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazines shall be mm) air space between the sidewalls and the floor. countersunk. (8) Each door of the magazine shall be equipped with one of the following (5) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the following requirements: locking systems: (a) They shall be of 12-gauge sheet metal. (a) Two mortise locks (b) They shall be lined with a nonsparking material. (b) Two padlocks in separate hasps and staples (c) The edges of metal covers shall overlap the sides by at least 1 in. (c) A mortise lock and a padlock (25 mm). (d) A mortise lock that needs two keys to be opened 4.7.3 Type 3 Magazine. A Type 3 magazine (day box) shall be a portable structure that is fire resistant, theft resistant, and weather resistant, and shall (e) A three-point lock or an equivalent lock that secures the door to the comply with the following provisions: frame at more than one point (1) The magazine shall be equipped with a five-tumbler padlock. (9) Padlocks shall comply with all of the following requirements: (2) Magazines constructed of wood shall meet the following requirements: (a) They shall be made of steel. (a) They shall have sides, bottoms, and covers or doors of 4 in. (102 (b) They shall have at least five tumblers. mm) hardwood that are braced at the corners. (c) They shall have at least a 3/8 in. (9.5 mm), case-hardened shackle. (b) They shall be covered with sheet metal of not less than 26 gauge. (d) They shall be protected by steel hoods installed to discourage the (c) Nails exposed to the interior of the magazine shall be countersunk. insertion of bolt cutters. (3) Magazines constructed of metal shall meet the requirements of (10) Doors secured by an internal bolt shall not require additional locking 4.7.2.4(5). devices. 4.7.4 Type 4 Magazine. A Type 4 magazine shall be a permanent, portable, (11) Hinges and hasps shall be fastened securely to the magazine. or mobile structure such as a building, igloo, box, semitrailer, or other mobile (12) All locking hardware shall be secured to the door frame. container that is fire resistant, theft resistant, and weather resistant. 4.7.2 Type 2 Magazine. 4.7.4.1 Type 4 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 4 outdoor magazine shall comply 4.7.2.1 General. A Type 2 magazine shall be a portable or mobile structure, with the following provisions: such as a box, skid-magazine, trailer, or semitrailer that is fire resistant, theft (1) The magazine shall be constructed of the following: resistant, weather resistant, and ventilated. (a) Masonry 4.7.2.2 Bullet Resistance. Type 2 magazines shall be bullet resistant if used for (b) Wood covered with sheet metal, fabricated metal, or a combination outdoor storage. of these materials 4.7.2.3 Type 2 Outdoor Magazine. A Type 2 outdoor magazine shall comply (2) Doors shall be metal or wood covered with metal. with the following requirements: (3) Permanent magazines shall comply with 4.7.1(4) and (8). (1) The walls and roof or ceiling shall be constructed according to the provisions of 4.7.1(1), (2), and (3). (4) Vehicular magazines shall comply with 4.7.2.3(7) and shall be immobilized where unattended, as described in 4.7.2.3(8). (2) The doors shall be constructed as follows: 4.7.4.2 Type 4 Indoor Magazine. A Type 4 indoor magazine shall comply with (a) They shall be made of metal, constructed in accordance with the all the provisions of 4.7.2.4. provisions of 4.7.1(1). 4.9 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables. (b) They shall have a metal exterior with an inner door meeting the provisions of 4.7.1(1). 4.9.1 General. (3) Floors constructed of ferrous metal shall be covered with a nonsparking 4.9.1.1 Barricades. To be effective, a barricade shall be of such height that one surface. of the following passes through the barricade: (4) A top-opening magazine shall have a lid that overlaps the sides by at (1) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a magazine least 1 in. (25.4 mm) when in the closed position. or building containing explosives to the eave line of any magazine or building (5) The magazine shall be supported so that its floor does not contact the ground directly. (2) A straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of a magazine or 3 3 building containing explosives to a point 12 ft (3.7 m) above the center (6) Magazines less than 3 ft (0.77 m ) in size shall be fastened securely to a of a railway or highway fixed object to prevent theft of the entire magazine. 4.9.1.2 Screen Barricades. (7) Hinges, hasps, locks, and locking hardware shall comply with 4.7.1(8), excluding padlocks on vehicular magazines, which are not required to be 4.9.1.2.1 Screen barricades shall be permitted to be constructed of one of the protected by steel hoods. following: (8) Wherever a vehicular magazine is left unattended, one of the following (1) Metal roofing actions shallDRAFT be taken: (2) 0.25 in. to 0.5 in. (6 mm to 13 mm) mesh screen (a) The wheels shall be removed. (3) Other equivalent material (b) The kingpins shall be locked. 4.9.1.2.2 The screen barrier shall extend from floor level to a height such that a (c) The vehicular magazine shall be otherwise immobilized. straight line measured from the top of any sidewall of the donor building to the eave line of any exposed building intercepts the screen at a point not less than 5 4.7.2.4 Type 2 Indoor Magazines. A Type 2 indoor magazine shall comply ft (1.5 m) from the top of the screen. with the following provisions: 4.9.1.2.3 The top 5 ft (1.5 m) of the screen barrier shall incline toward the donor (1) The magazine shall have substantial wheels or casters to facilitate its building at an angle of 30 degrees to 45 degrees. removal from the building in case of emergency. 4.9.2 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Process Buildings and (2) The cover of the magazine shall have substantial strap hinges, and a Areas. means for locking shall be provided as follows: 4.9.2.1 Process buildings and areas shall be separated from other process (a) The magazine shall be kept locked with a five-tumbler padlock or buildings and areas and from nonprocess buildings in accordance with the its equivalent. distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1. (b) The magazine shall be permitted to be unlocked during the placement or removal of explosive materials. (3) The magazine shall be painted red, and the top shall bear the following words in white letters at least 3 in. (76 mm) high: EXPLOSIVES — KEEP FIRE AWAY

1124-38 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.2.1 Minimum Separation Distances Between Process Buildings and Areas and Distances Between Process and

Nonprocess Buildings and Areas Net Weight of Fireworksa In-Process Display Fireworks In-Process Display In-Process Consumer Fireworks

without Barricades Fireworks with Barricades or Pyrotechnic Articlesb,c kg lb m ft m ft m ft 35 114 17 57 11 37 > 0 to ≤ 45 > 0 to ≤

100 42 138 21 69 11 37 > 45 to ≤ 91

> 100 to ≤

200 47 154 23 77 11 37 > 91 to ≤ 136

> 200 to ≤

300 52 170 26 85 11 37 > 136 to ≤ 181

> 300 to ≤

400 > 181 to ≤ 227 > 400 to ≤ 55 182 28 91 11 37

500 > 227 > 500 NP NP NP NP NP NP NP: Not permitted.

aNet weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only.

bFor maximum quantity of pyrotechnic composition permitted in a pyrotechnics laboratory, see 4.9.9.3. cSee 4.9.2.6(1).DRAFT

1124-39 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 4.9.2.2 A maximum of 500 lb (227 kg) of in-process composition, in loose form 4.9.3.1* The distances in Table 4.9.3 shall apply to process buildings and areas or in partially assembled display fireworks, shall be permitted in any process with or without barricades or screen-type barricades. building or area. 4.9.3.2 Table 4.9.3 shall not apply to the separation distances between process 4.9.2.3 Finished display fireworks shall not be stored in a process building. (See buildings or areas (see Table 4.9.2.1), between magazines (see Table 4.9.4.1 and Section 4.10.) Table 4.9.4.4), and between storage buildings (see Table 4.9.6 and Table 6.7.1). 4.9.2.4 A maximum of 10 lb (4.5 kg) of salute powder, in loose form or in 4.9.3.3 A maximum of 500 lb (227 kg) of in-process composition, in loose form assembled units, shall be permitted in any process building or area. or in partially assembled display fireworks, shall be permitted in any process 4.9.2.5 Quantities of loose salute powder in excess of 10 lb (4.5 kg) shall be building or area. kept in an approved magazine. 4.9.3.4 Finished display fireworks shall not be stored in a process building. (See 4.9.2.6 The minimum separation distance for in-process consumer fireworks or Section 4.10.) pyrotechnic articles shall be as follows: 4.9.3.5 A maximum of 10 lb (4.5 kg) of salute powder, either in loose form or in (1) The minimum separation distance of 37 ft (11 m) for in-process assembled units, shall be permitted in any process building or area at one time. consumer fireworks or pyrotechnic articles shall apply only to 100 lb (45 4.9.3.6 Quantities of salute powder in excess of 10 lb (4.5 kg) shall be kept in kg) of loose powder or stars. an approved magazine. (2) If a quantity of loose powder or stars greater than 100 lb (45 kg) is 4.9.4 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Magazines for the present, the minimum separation distances in Table 4.9.2.1 for in- Storage of Display Fireworks and Components for Display Fireworks, process display fireworks shall be used. Loose Pyrotechnic Composition, and Stars. 4.9.3 Separation Distances for Process Buildings and Areas from Inhabited 4.9.4.1 Magazines for the storage of display fireworks and components for Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Magazines, and Shipping display fireworks, loose pyrotechnic composition, and stars shall be separated and Storage Buildings. Process buildings and areas shall be separated from the from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public highways, and other following in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.3: magazines in accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1. (1) Inhabited buildings See Table 4.9.4.1 on the following page (2) Passenger railways (3) Public highways (4) Magazines 4.9.4.2 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1, the following criteria shall (5) Display fireworks shipping buildings be met: (6) Consumer fireworks storage buildings (1) Display fireworks shipping buildings shall meet the same distance requirements as magazines. (2) All compositions not in current use shall be kept in covered, nonferrous containers, unless such composition has been loaded or pressed into tubes or other containers as consumer fireworks. 4.9.4.3 At a fireworks plant, up to 50 lb (22.7 kg) of pyrotechnic composition or display fireworks shall be permitted to be stored in a Type 2 or a Type 4 indoor magazine in any process building.

Table 4.9.3 Minimum Separation Distances of Process Buildings and Areas at Manufacturing Facilities

from Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Magazines and Shipping Buildings,

and Storage Buildings Net Weight of Fireworks* In-Process Display In-Process Consumer Fireworks or

Fireworks† Pyrotechnic Articles kg lb m ft m ft 61 200 7.6 25

> 0 to ≤ 45 > 0 to ≤ 100 DRAFT61 200 15 50 > 45 to ≤ 227 > 100 to ≤ 500 > 227 > 500 NP NP NP NP: Not permitted.

*Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive composition and fuse only.

†For information on the separation distances between process buildings see Table 4.9.2.1, between magazines

see Table 4.9.4.1 and Table 4.9.4.4, and between storage buildings see Table 4.9.6.

1124-40 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.4.1 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Display Fireworks (Except Bulk Salutes) from

Inhabited Buildings, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, Magazines, Shipping Buildings, and Storage

Buildings Net Weight of Fireworks* Distance Between Magazine Distance between Magazines,

or Shipping Building Shipping Buildings, and Storage

and Inhabited Building, Buildings1

Passenger Railway, or Public

Highway kg lb m ft m ft > 0 to ≤ 454 > 0 to ≤ 1000 46 150 30 100 > 454 to ≤ 2,268 > 1,000 to ≤ 5,000 70 230 46 150 > 2,268 to ≤ 4,536 > 5,000 to ≤ 10,000 91 300 61 200 > 4,536 > 10,000 See Table 4.9.4.5. See Table 4.9.4.5 *Net weight equals the weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive compositions and fuse only.

1 For distances between storage buildings to storage buildings see Table 4.9.4.5.

4.9.4.4 Magazines for the storage of bulk salute powder and bulk salutes shall comply with Table 4.9.4.4. See Table 4.9.4.4 on the following pages. 4.9.5 Magazines Containing Salute Powder and Salutes. Magazines containing salute powder and salutes shall be separated from each other 4.9.4.5 For fireworks storage magazines in active use prior to March 7, 1990, and from inhabited buildings, public highways, and passenger railways in the distances in Table 4.9.4.1 shall be permitted to be halved, provided that accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.4. earthen barricades are used between the magazine and potential receptor sites. 4.9.4.6 Table 4.9.4.1 shall not apply to the storage of bulk salute powder or to the storage of shipping cartons or storage containers that primarily contain salutes or salute components. (See Table 4.9.4.4 for bulk salute powder and bulk salute storage requirements.) 4.9.4.7 Magazines for the storage of Black Powder shall comply with Table 4.9.4.7.

Table 4.9.4.7 Minimum Separation Distances for the Storage of Black Powder. Pounds From inhabited From public From above

building railroad and ground Over Not over DRAFTdistance highway distance magazine (ft) (ft) (ft) 0 1,000 75 75 50 1,000 5,000 115 115 75 5,000 10,000 150 150 100 10,000 20,000 190 190 125 20,000 30,000 215 215 145 30,000 40,000 235 235 155 40,000 50,000 250 250 165 50,000 60,000 260 260 175 60,000 70,000 270 270 185 70,000 80,000 280 280 190 80,000 90,000 295 295 195 90,000 100,000 300 300 200 100,000 200,000 375 375 250 200,000 300,000 450 450 300 [Source – ATF Table 55.219, Table of Distances for Storage of Low Explosives]

1124-41 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.4.4 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salute Powder and Bulk Salutes Quantity of Explosive Distances (ft)

Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger Railways — Separation of

Class A to D11 Public Highways with Traffic Magazines12

Volume of More than 3,000

Vehicles/Day10,11 Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri-

Over Over caded caded caded caded 0 5 70 140 30 60 51 102 6 12 5 10 90 180 35 70 64 128 8 16 10 20 110 220 45 90 81 162 10 20 20 30 125 250 50 100 93 186 11 22 30 40 140 280 55 110 103 206 12 24 40 50 150 300 60 120 110 220 14 28 50 75 170 340 70 140 127 254 15 30 75 100 190 380 75 150 139 278 16 32 100 125 200 400 80 160 150 300 18 36 125 150 215 430 85 170 159 318 19 38 150 200 235 470 95 190 175 350 21 42 200 250 255 510 105 210 189 378 23 46 250 300 270 540 110 220 201 402 24 48 300 400 295 590 120 240 221 442 27 54 400 500 320 640 130 260 238 476 29 58 500 600 340 680 135 270 253 506 31 62 600 700 355 710 145 290 266 532 32 64 700 800 375 750 150 300 278 556 33 66 800 900 390 780 155 310 289 578 35 70 900 1,000 400 800 160 320 300 600 36 72 1,000 1,200 425 850 165 330 318 636 39 78 1,200 DRAFT1,400 450 900 170 340 336 672 41 82 1,400 1,600 470 940 175 350 351 702 43 86 1,600 1,800 490 980 180 360 366 732 44 88

1124-42 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.4.4 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salute Powder and Bulk Salutes Continued Quantity of Explosive Distances (ft)

Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger Railways — Separation of

Class A to D11 Public Highways with Traffic Magazines12

Volume of More than 3,000

Vehicles/Day10,11 Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri-

Over Over caded caded caded caded 1,800 2,000 505 1,010 185 370 378 756 45 90 2,000 2,500 545 1,090 190 380 408 816 49 98 2,500 3,000 580 1,160 195 390 432 864 52 104 3,000 4,000 635 1,270 210 420 474 948 58 116 4,000 5,000 685 1,370 225 450 513 1,026 61 122 5,000 6,000 730 1,460 235 470 546 1,092 65 130 6,000 7,000 770 1,540 245 490 573 1,146 68 136 7,000 8,000 800 1,600 250 500 600 1,200 72 144 8,000 9,000 835 1,670 255 510 624 1,248 75 150 9,000 10,000 865 1,730 260 520 645 1,290 78 156 10,000 12,000 875 1,750 270 540 687 1,374 82 164 12,000 14,000 885 1,770 275 550 723 1,446 87 174 14,000 16,000 900 1,800 280 560 756 1,512 90 180 16,000 18,000 940 1,880 285 570 786 1,572 94 188 18,000 20,000 975 1,950 290 580 813 1,626 98 196 20,000 25,000 1,055 2,000 315 630 876 1,752 105 210 25,000 30,000 1,130 2,000 340 680 933 1,866 112 224 30,000 35,000 1,205 2,000 360 720 981 1,962 119 238 35,000 40,000 1,275 2,000 380 760 1,026 2,000 124 248 40,000 45,000 1,340 2,000 400 800 1,068 2,000 129 258 45,000 50,000 1,400 2,000 420 840 1,104 2,000 135 270 50,000 55,000 1,460 2,000 440 880 1,140 2,000 140 280 55,000 60,000 1,515 2,000 455 910 1,173 2,000 145 290 60,000 65,000DRAFT1,565 2,000 470 940 1,206 2,000 150 300

1124-43 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.4.4 Table of Distances for Magazines for the Storage of Bulk Salute Powder and Bulk Salutes Continued Quantity of Explosive Distances (ft)

Materials1,2,3,4 Inhabited Buildings9 Public Highways Passenger Railways — Separation of

Class A to D11 Public Highways with Traffic Magazines12

Volume of More than 3,000

Vehicles/Day10,11 Pounds Pounds Not Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri- Barricaded6,7,8 Unbarri-

Over Over caded caded caded caded 65,000 70,000 1,610 2,000 485 970 1,236 2,000 155 310 70,000 75,000 1,655 2,000 500 1,000 1,263 2,000 160 320 75,000 80,000 1,695 2,000 510 1,020 1,293 2,000 165 330 80,000 85,000 1,730 2,000 520 1,040 1,317 2,000 170 340 85,000 90,000 1,760 2,000 530 1,060 1,344 2,000 175 350 90,000 95,000 1,790 2,000 540 1,080 1,368 2,000 180 360 95,000 100,000 1,815 2,000 545 1,090 1,392 2,000 185 370 100,000 110,000 1,835 2,000 550 1,100 1,437 2,000 195 390 110,000 120,000 1,855 2,000 555 1,110 1,479 2,000 205 410 120,000 130,000 1,875 2,000 560 1,120 1,521 2,000 215 430 130,000 140,000 1,890 2,000 565 1,130 1,557 2,000 225 450 140,000 150,000 1,900 2,000 570 1,140 1,593 2,000 235 470 150,000 160,000 1,935 2,000 580 1,160 1,629 2,000 245 490 160,000 170,000 1,965 2,000 590 1,180 1,662 2,000 255 510 170,000 180,000 1,990 2,000 600 1,200 1,695 2,000 265 530 180,000 190,000 2,010 2,010 605 1,210 1,725 2,000 275 550 190,000 200,000 2,030 2,030 610 1,220 1,755 2,000 285 570 200,000 210,000 2,055 2,055 620 1,240 1,782 2,000 295 590 210,000 230,000 2,100 2,100 635 1,270 1,836 2,000 315 630 230,000 250,000 2,155 2,155 650 1,300 1,890 2,000 335 670 250,000 275,000 2,215 2,215 670 1,340 1,950 2,000 360 720 275,000 300,000DRAFT2,275 2,275 690 1,380 2,000 2,000 385 770

1124-44 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Explanatory Notes Essential to the Application of the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives

1 “Explosive materials” means explosives, blasting agents, and detonators.

2 “Explosives” means any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. A list of explosives determined to be within the cover- age of 18 USC, Chapter 40, “Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Materials,” is issued at least annually by the Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of the Department of the Treasury. For quantity and distance purposes, detonating cord of 50 grains per foot should be calculated as equivalent to 8 lb (3.7 kg) of high explosives per 1,000 ft (305 m). Heavier or lighter core loads should be rated proportionately.

3 “Blasting agents” means any material or mixture consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap where unconfined.

4 “Detonator” means any device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator shall not be permitted to contain more than 10 g of total explo- sives by weight, excluding ignition or delay charges. The term includes, but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuses, detonating cord delay connectors, and nonelectric instantaneous and delay blasting caps that use detonating cord, shock tube, or any other replacement for electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strengths through No. 8 cap should be rated at 1 lb (0.7 kg) of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No. 8 cap, consult the manufacturer.

5 “Magazine” means any building, structure, or container, other than an explosives manufacturing building, approved for the storage of explosive materials.

6 “Natural barricade” means natural features of the ground, such as hills, or timber of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the maga- zine when the trees are bare of leaves.

7 “Artificial barricade” means an artificial mound or revetted wall of earth of a minimum thickness of 3 ft (0.9 m).

8 “Barricaded” means the effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from the magazine or other building, railway, or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building containing explosive materials to the eave line of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 ft (3.7 m) above the center of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier.

9 “Inhabited building” means a building regularly occupied in whole or part as a habitation for human beings, or any church, schoolhouse, railroad station, store, or other structure where people are accustomed to assemble, except any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacture, transportation, storage, or use of explosive materials.

10 “Railway” means any steam, electric, or other railroad or railway that carries passengers for hire.

11 “Highway” means any public street, public alley, or public road.

12 Where two or more storage magazines are located on the same property, each magazine must comply with the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings, railways, and high- ways, and, in addition, the magazine should be separated from each other by not less than the distances shown for “separation of magazines,” except that the quantity of explosive materials contained in detonator magazines shall govern with regard to the spacing of the detonator magazines from magazines containing other explosive materials. If any two or more magazines are separated from each other by less than the specified “separation of magazines” distances, then those two or more magazines, as a group, must be considered as one magazine, and the total quantity of explosive materials stored in such group must be treated as if stored in a single magazine located on the site of any magazine of the group, and must comply with the minimum distances specified from other magazines, inhabited buildings, railways, and highways.

13 Storage in excess of 300,000 lb (136,200 kg) of explosive materials in one magazine is generally not required for commercial enterprises.

14 This table applies only to the manufacture and permanent storage of commercial explosive materials. It is not applicable to transportation of explosives or any handling or temporary stor- age necessary or incident thereto. It is not intended to apply to bombs, projectiles, or other heavily encased explosives.

15 Where a manufacturing building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive materials, such building shall be located from inhabited buildings, public highways, and passenger railways in accordance with the American Table of Distances based on the maximum quantity of explosive materials permitted to be in the building at one time.

Source: The American Table of Distances is reproduced from the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives as revised and approved by the Institute of Makers of Explosives in June 1991. DRAFT

1124-45 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table 4.9.6 Minimum Separation Distances of Consumer Fireworks Storage Buildings at Manufacturing

Facilities from Inhabited Buildings, Magazines, Passenger Railways, Public Highways, and Other Storage

Buildings Distance from Passenger

Gross Weight of Consumer Fireworks Railways, Public Highways, Distance from Inhabited

and Other Storage Buildings Buildings and Magazines kg lb m ft m ft 0 to 454 0 to 1,000 11 35 21 70 454 to 2,268 1,000 to 5,000 17 55 34 110 2,268 to 4,536 5,000 to 10,000 18 60 37 120 4,536 to 9,072 10,000 to 20,000 20 65 41 135 9,072 to 22,680 20,000 to 50,000 24 80 49 160 22,680 to 45,360 50,000 to 100,000 27 90 55 180 45,360 100,000 and over 30 100 61 200

4.9.6 Separation Distances and Quantity Tables for Storage Buildings for writing to a manufacturer by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, all Consumer Fireworks. Storage buildings for consumer fireworks located at dry explosive powders and mixtures, partially assembled display fireworks, fireworks manufacturing facilities shall be separated from inhabited buildings, and finished display fireworks shall be transferred from process buildings to passenger railways, public highways, and other storage buildings in accordance magazines at the conclusion of daily operation. with the distances specified in Table 4.9.6. 4.12 Fire and Explosion Prevention. 4.9.7 Groups of Buildings. 4.12.1 Rubbish, Spills, and Waste Disposal. 4.9.7.1 If any process building is separated from any other process or nonprocess building by less than the distance specified in Table 4.9.2.1, two or 4.12.1.1 All buildings shall be kept clean and orderly, and dust or rubbish shall more such buildings, as a group, shall be considered to be one building. be kept to a minimum. 4.9.7.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic composition in the 4.12.1.2 Spills of explosive or pyrotechnic composition shall be cleaned up, and group of buildings specified in 4.9.7.1 shall not exceed 500 lb (227 kg) or shall materials used for cleanup shall be removed immediately from the building. not exceed 10 lb (4.5 kg) of salute powder. 4.12.1.3 The spilled material shall be destroyed by immersion in water or by 4.9.7.3 Each building in the group shall otherwise comply with the separation burning in a manner acceptable to the AHJ. distances specified in Table 4.9.2.1 and Table 4.9.3. 4.12.1.4 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept separate from waste 4.9.7.4 Unoccupied buildings at manufacturing facilities shall not be subject to explosive or pyrotechnic materials. the separation distance requirements of Section 4.9. 4.12.1.5 Rags, combustible scrap, and paper shall be kept in approved, marked 4.9.8 Magazine Groups. containers until removed from the building. 4.9.8.1 If any two or more magazines or storage buildings are separated by 4.12.1.6 Disposal containers shall be removed from buildings on a daily basis less than the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1, Table 4.9.4.4, or Table 4.9.6, and removed from the plant at regular intervals. two or more such structures shall be considered to be one magazine or storage 4.12.1.7 Waste explosive or pyrotechnic materials shall be destroyed as building. described in 4.12.1.3. 4.9.8.2 The total quantity of explosive and pyrotechnic composition stored 4.12.2 Smoking Materials. in the group of buildings shall be used to determine the minimum separation distances of each building in the group from inhabited buildings, passenger 4.12.2.1 Smoking materials shall not be carried into or in the vicinity of process railways, public highways, and other magazines and storage buildings. buildings. 4.9.8.3 No minimum separation distance shall be required for process buildings, 4.12.2.2 Personnel shall deposit all smoking materials at a designated location magazines, or storage buildings within a group. in a nonprocess building before entering a processing plant. 4.9.9 Pyrotechnic Laboratories. 4.12.2.3* Smoking shall be permitted only in office buildings or in buildings used exclusively as lunchrooms or rest rooms and in which the presence of 4.9.9.1 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall be considered process buildings for explosive or pyrotechnic materials is prohibited. consumer fireworks for the purpose of separation distances. 4.12.2.4 Authorized smoking locations shall comply with the following: 4.9.9.2 PyrotechnicsDRAFT laboratories shall be considered to be nonprocess buildings with respect to the other requirements of this code. (1) They shall be marked as smoking areas. 4.9.9.3 Pyrotechnics laboratories shall not contain more than 10 lb (4.5 kg) of (2) They shall contain designated receptacles for disposal of smoking pyrotechnic composition and not more than 0.5 lb (0.23 kg) of salute powder, materials. provided that all fireworks and pyrotechnic composition are stored properly (3) They shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire when not in use. extinguisher for use on Class A fires. 4.10* Maximum Number of Occupants and Maximum Quantity 4.12.2.5 Personnel whose clothing is contaminated with explosive or Limitations. pyrotechnic composition to a degree that endangers personnel safety shall not Not more than 500 lb (227 kg) of pyrotechnic or explosive composition shall be be permitted in smoking areas. permitted at one time in any process building or area. 4.12.3 Substance Abuse. No employee or other person shall be permitted to 4.11 Operations. enter the plant while in possession of or under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or narcotics. 4.11.1 The requirements of 27 CFR 55, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, for transfer of the following from process buildings to magazines at 4.12.4 Clothing. the conclusion of daily operation shall be met: 4.12.4.1 Personnel working at or supervising mixing, pressing, and loading (1) Dry explosive powders and mixtures operations shall be provided with and shall wear cotton or other similarly protective clothing. (2) Partially assembled display fireworks 4.12.4.2 Other protective clothing, eye protection, and respiratory protection (3) Finished display fireworks shall be worn as needed. 4.11.2* Unless a variance from the requirement of 4.11.1 has been issued in 4.12.4.3 Washing and changing facilities shall be provided for personnel. 1124-46 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 4.12.4.4 Work clothing shall be washed frequently to prevent the accumulation removed. of explosive or pyrotechnic composition and shall not be worn outside the plant. (3) Electrically fired displays shall not require a safety cap, provided that no 4.12.5* Oxidizers. pyrotechnic composition is exposed. 4.12.5.1 Oxidizers shall be stored to avoid contact with incompatible materials 4.17.3 Display Fireworks–Ground Salutes. such as ordinary combustibles, flammable or combustible liquids, greases, 4.17.3.1 Display fireworks–ground salutes shall not exceed 3 in. (76 mm) in and materials that could react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its diameter × 3 in. (76 mm) in length. decomposition. 4.17.3.2 The maximum quantity of salute powder in display fireworks–ground 4.12.5.2 Incompatible materials shall not include approved packaging materials, salutes shall not exceed 2.5 oz (71 g). pallets, or other dunnage. 4.17.3.3 Display fireworks–ground salutes shall not be constructed using brittle 4.12.5.3 Oxidizer storage shall comply with NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of plastic. Liquid and Solid Oxidizers. 4.17.3.4 To allow the person igniting the aerial shells to retreat safely, the time 4.12.6* Machinery and Tooling. Machinery and tooling shall be permitted to delay between igniting the tip of the shell’s fuse and the firing of the shell shall be made of ferrous metal. (See also 4.5.3.4.2.) be not less than 3 seconds or more than 6 seconds. 4.13 Fire Protection and Emergency Plans. 4.17.3.5 Electrically ignited displays shall not require the delay period specified 4.13.1 Fire Extinguishers. in 4.17.3.4. 4.13.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in all buildings in 4.17.4 Labeling. accordance with the requirements of NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire 4.17.4.1 Pyrotechnic articles intended for indoor use shall be so marked, and Extinguishers. labels shall include the following information: 4.13.1.2 Fire extinguishers shall not be located in buildings in which explosive (1) Accurate performance characteristics of the device or pyrotechnic mixtures are exposed. (2) For fountains, gerbs, and other preloads, duration, height, and diameter 4.13.2 Emergency Plan. of the effect, as applicable 4.13.2.1 Each plant shall have a formal emergency plan. 4.17.4.2 Pyrotechnic articles marked for indoor use shall be permitted to be 4.13.2.2 An emergency warning signal shall be established. used outdoors. 4.13.2.3 The emergency plan shall include employee instruction and training 4.17.4.3 Pyrotechnic articles marked by the manufacturer for indoor use shall be and shall be applicable to all anticipated emergencies. used indoors only. 4.13.2.4 The emergency plan shall include instruction in the use of portable fire 4.17.4.4 All binary systems shall be labeled with the following information in extinguishers and the identification of fires on which they can be used. addition to the general requirements: 4.13.2.5 Employees shall be instructed to abandon fire-fighting efforts if the fire (1) Type of contents and general use of the material involves or appears likely to spread to explosive or pyrotechnic composition or (2) Description of conditions of use, potential hazards, and required devices, in which case employees shall evacuate the building immediately and equipment with instructions for use alert other plant personnel. (3) Manufacturer’s statement regarding whether the material is permitted 4.13.3 Master Electrical Disconnect. for indoor use and the conditions under which the material is to be used 4.13.3.1 A master electrical disconnect shall be provided at the point where the 4.17.4.5 All binary materials intended for indoor use shall be preweighed, electrical service enters the plant. premeasured, prepackaged, and identified by the manufacturer as permitted for 4.13.3.2 The master disconnect shall be arranged to disconnect all electrical indoor use. power to the plant. 4.17.5 Requirements for Display Fireworks Aerial Devices. In addition to the 4.13.3.3 Emergency circuits, such as the electrical supply to fire pumps or general requirements, the requirements of 4.17.5.1 through 4.17.5.6 shall apply emergency lighting, shall have their own master disconnects. to aerial devices for display fireworks. 4.14* Testing of Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles. 4.17.5.1 Aerial shells, mines, and comets shall be classified and described only 4.14.1 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic materials, and pyrotechnic and in terms of the inside diameter of the mortar from which they are to be fired. explosive compositions shall be performed only in a building or area 4.17.5.2* As a minimum, display fireworks manufactured on or after September specifically designated for the purpose. 30, 2007, shall be conspicuously marked with the following information: 4.14.2 Testing shall be conducted at a safe distance from other plant buildings (1) The size of the display fireworks device, if applicable or structures and process areas. (2) A description of the type of device and the effect(s) 4.14.3 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) (3)* A warning statement that reads as follows: WARNING: DANGEROUS containing pyrotechnic or explosive materials shall be performed only in an area EXPLOSIVE. IF FOUND, DO NOT HANDLE. CONTACT LOCAL specifically designated by the manufacturer and approved by the AHJ. FIRE OR POLICE DEPARTMENT. 4.15 Occupancies. 4.17.5.3 Single-break aerial salute shells shall be limited to a maximum size 4.15.1* The number of occupants in each process building and in each of 5 in. in diameter and length (exclusive of propellant charge). Minimum magazine shall not exceed the number necessary to conduct production standards of use shall include the following: operations. (1) Nonmetal mortars shall be used. 4.15.2 The maximum number of occupants and maximum weight of (2) Mortars used for salutes over 3 in. in diameter and length (exclusive of pyrotechnic and explosive composition permitted in each process building and propellant charge) shall be individually supported and separated from in each magazineDRAFT shall be posted in a conspicuous location in each process other mortars by 10 times the inside diameter of the mortar. building or magazine. (3) Remote ignition or use of an added 5-second minimum delay fuse 4.16 Training. extension shall be used. 4.16.1 Each plant shall designate an employee as safety officer who shall be (4) All salute shells shall be loaded into mortars prior to the display and responsible for general safety, fire prevention and protection, and employee shall not be reloaded during a display. safety training. 4.17.5.4 Multiple-break shells with salutes and shells consisting of multiple- 4.16.2 The safety officer shall provide formal instruction to all employees upon salute inserts or components shall meet the following requirements: their commencing employment and at least annually thereafter, regarding safety methods, procedures, and requirements and procedures for handling explosive (1) Final or “bottom” shots (salutes) on multiple-break shells shall not and pyrotechnic compositions and devices. exceed the criteria for single-break salutes. 4.17 Item Construction. (2) Aerial shells containing multiple salutes shall consist of component salutes not exceeding 3 in. and 3 oz individually. 4.17.1 Aerial Shells. Aerial shells shall be constructed so that they fit easily into the correctly sized mortar, and so that the correct lift charge and internal delay (3) Requirements of use and operator restrictions described for single-break fuse are used to propel the shell to a safe altitude before it functions. salutes shall apply, except that multi-break shells shall be permitted to be fired from steel mortars buried in the ground, troughs, or drums. 4.17.2 Safety Caps. Safety caps shall comply with the following requirements: 4.17.5.5 The label or wrapper of any type of aerial salute shall be marked with (1) A safety cap shall be installed over the exposed end of the internal delay the word salute. fuse. 4.17.5.6 Multiple tube fireworks devices such as finale or barrage boxes, (2) The safety cap shall be of a different color than that of the fuse and shall Roman candle batteries or cakes, shall have instructions for the placement and be installed in such a manner that the fuse remains undamaged when 1124-47 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 stabilization of the devices necessary to prevent tipover during use. properly. Chapter 5 Storage of Display Fireworks, Pyrotechnic Articles, Salute (2) Upon completion of the repairs, the material shall be returned promptly Powder, Pyrotechnic and Explosive Compositions, and Black Powder to the magazine. 5.1 General Requirements. 5.3 Miscellaneous Safety Precautions. 5.1.1 Display fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, salute powder, pyrotechnic and 5.3.1 The following shall not be permitted inside of or within 50 ft (15 m) of a explosive compositions, and Black Powder shall be stored in magazines at all magazine: times, except during manufacture, packaging, transportation, or use. (1) Smoking 5.1.1.1 Bulk salute and bulk salute powder shall be stored only in Type 1 or (2) Matches Type 2 magazines. (3) Open flames 5.1.1.2 The following shall be stored only in Type 1, Type 2, or Type 4 magazines: (4) Spark-producing devices (1) Display fireworks that are not bullet sensitive (5) Firearms, other than firearms carried by authorized security personnel (2) Pyrotechnic articles categorized as Explosives 1.3, other than bulk salute 5.3.2 The area around a magazine shall be kept clear of brush, dried vegetation, and bulk salute powder leaves, and similar combustibles for a distance of at least 25 ft (7.6 m). (3) Black Powder 5.3.3 Combustible materials shall not be stored within 50 ft (15.2 m) of a magazine. 5.1.2 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that are not classified as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from inhabited buildings, 5.4 Requirements for Shipping Buildings for Display Fireworks. passenger railways, and public highways by the distances specified in Table 5.4.1 Shipping buildings shall be separated from process buildings in 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.4. accordance with the distances specified in Table 4.9.3. 5.1.3 Magazines containing display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles that 5.4.2 Shipping buildings shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger are not classified as Explosives 1.4 shall be separated from other magazines railroads, public highways, and magazines in accordance with the distances by the distances specified in Table 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.4 and from other specified in Table 4.9.4.1. plant buildings by the distances specified in Table 4.9.3, 4.9.4.1, or 4.9.6 as 5.4.3* Separation distances for shipping buildings for storage of display applicable. fireworks shall be in accordance with Table 4.9.4.1 or Table 4.9.4.4, as 5.1.4 Magazines containing Black Powder shall be separated from inhabited appropriate, with a maximum of 50,000 lb (22,680 kg) net weight of display buildings, passenger railways, public highways, and other magazines by the fireworks permitted to be stored. distances specified in Table 4.9.4.7. 5.4.4 Separation distances for shipping buildings for the storage of finished 5.2 Storage Within Magazines. salutes shall be in accordance with Table 4.9.4.4 with a maximum of 500 lb 5.2.1 Magazines shall be supervised at all times by a competent person at least (227 kg) net weight of finished salutes permitted to be stored. 21 years old who shall be responsible for enforcing all safety precautions. 5.4.5 All electrical equipment and fixtures in a shipping building shall meet the 5.2.2* All magazines containing explosives shall be inspected at intervals requirements for hazardous locations in accordance with NFPA 70, National not exceeding 7 days to determine whether there has been unauthorized Electrical Code. or attempted entry or whether there has been unauthorized removal of the 5.4.6 Display fireworks awaiting packing and shipping shall be permitted to magazines. be stored in a shipping building overnight, provided that the building is fire 5.2.3* Magazine doors shall be kept closed and shall be kept locked at all times resistant and theft resistant. when the facility is not in operation. 5.4.6.1 The building shall be locked when not in operation. 5.2.4 Magazine doors shall not be required to be closed and locked during 5.4.6.2 Windows shall be guarded with bars or similar protection. placement or removal of explosive materials or during inspection. 5.5 Shipping Building. 5.2.5* Containers of explosive materials shall be piled in a stable manner and 5.5.1 Shipping buildings used for storage shall meet the same requirements as laid flat with top side up. magazines for the methods and types of construction, quantity limitations, and 5.2.6 The following shall apply to containers of explosive materials: tables of distances as magazines. (1) Containers shall not be opened, unpacked, or repacked inside of or 5.5.2 Shipping buildings not used for storage shall meet the same requirements within 50 ft (15.2 m) of a magazine or in close proximity to other as process buildings for the methods and types of construction, and the quantity explosives. limitations and tables of distances as magazines. (2) Fiberboard containers shall be permitted to be opened, unpacked or 5.5.3 For the purposes of applying Table 4.9.4.1, a shipping building for display repacked inside of or within 50 ft (15.2 m) of a magazine. fireworks shall be considered a magazine. 5.2.7 Tools used for opening containers of explosive materials shall be 5.5.4 Shipping buildings shall not be used as process buildings. nonsparking, unless they are metal slitters used for opening fiberboard 5.5.5 Display fireworks, consumer fireworks, pyrotechnic articles, pyrotechnic containers. devices, pyrotechnic materials, pyrotechnic special effects, pyrotechnics, fusees, 5.2.8 Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of explosive and electric matches, igniters, igniter cord, nondetonating fuse, fuses, black match, pyrotechnic materials. quickmatch, and other pyrotechnic devices and compositions shall be permitted 5.2.8.1 Metal tools other than nonferrous conveyors shall not be stored in to be stored in shipping building complying with 5.5.1. magazines. 5.5.6 Pyrotechnic or explosive compositions in shipping buildings shall remain 5.2.8.2 Ferrous metal conveyor stands protected by a coat of paint shall be in sealed containers. permitted to be storedDRAFT within magazines. 5.5.7 Loose pyrotechnic or explosive compositions shall not be permitted in 5.2.9 Magazine floors shall be swept regularly and kept clean, dry, and free of shipping buildings. grit, paper, empty packing materials, and rubbish. 5.5.8 Fireworks and other pyrotechnic or explosive devices in shipping 5.2.9.1 Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not have spark-producing metal buildings shall be permitted to be in open cartons or bins, or both, under the parts. following conditions: 5.2.9.2 Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposed of in accordance with (1) Only one carton plus 10 devices of each size and type of fireworks is the manufacturer’s instructions. open at one time. 5.2.10 Where any explosive or pyrotechnic material has deteriorated to the (2) All fireworks in open cartons or bins are secured so they will not roll or extent that it has become unstable or dangerous, the person responsible shall fall. immediately contact the manufacturer for assistance. 5.5.9* Tools, equipment, supplies and documents appropriate to conduct day-to- 5.2.11 Before repairs are made to the interior of a magazine, all explosive or day operations shall be permitted to be stored and used in shipping buildings. pyrotechnic material shall be removed, and the interior shall be cleaned. 5.5.10 Tools and equipment shall be made of or covered with non-spark- 5.2.12 Before repairs are made to the exterior of a magazine where there is a producing materials. possibility of causing sparks or fire, all explosive and pyrotechnic material shall 5.5.11 Refuse containers shall be permitted in shipping buildings. be removed. 5.5.12 Housekeeping requirements for magazines shall apply to shipping 5.2.13 Explosive or pyrotechnic material removed from a magazine undergoing buildings. repair shall be stored as follows: 5.5.13 Security requirements for magazines shall apply to shipping buildings (1) The material shall be either placed in another magazine or placed a safe used for storage. distance from the magazine, where it shall be guarded and protected 1124-48 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Chapter 6 Storage of Consumer Fireworks (1) Buildings or structures constructed in accordance with the building code 6.1 Applicability. enforced by the AHJ 6.1.1* Storage of consumer fireworks at manufacturing and distribution (2) Buildings or structures constructed in accordance with 6.4.2 facilities shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. (3) Magazines meeting the requirements in Chapter 4 6.1.2 The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the following: (4) Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers that are separated by (1) Permanent buildings and structures including the following: at least 20 ft (6.1 m) from any building or structure other than trailers, semitrailers, or metal shipping containers (a) Consumer fireworks storage buildings or areas 6.4.2 Construction Materials. The following construction requirements shall (b) Consumer fireworks work buildings, rooms, or areas apply to consumer fireworks storage buildings in jurisdictions that have not (2) Temporary facilities including the following: adopted a building code: (a) Trailers (1) Buildings having an area not greater than 8000 ft2 (743 m2) shall be permitted to be constructed of any approved construction materials. (b) Semitrailers (2) Buildings having an area greater than 8000 ft2 (743 m2) shall be (c) Metal shipping containers constructed in accordance with one of the following: 6.1.3 This chapter shall not apply to buildings or facilities where the net weight (a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible of the pyrotechnic content of consumer fireworks stored does not exceed 125 materials. lb, or 250 lb where the building is protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for (b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance rating of not the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. less than 2 hours shall be permitted to have the roof decking and its supporting structure and interior partitions constructed of combustible 6.1.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used as a magazine. materials. Consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be stored in a magazine. (3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum rating of Class C 6.1.5 Consumer fireworks work buildings shall not be used as process buildings. as determined in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire Consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be processed in a process building. Tests of Roof Coverings. 6.1.6* For the purposes of this chapter, the terms consumer fireworks and 6.4.3 Multiple-Use Buildings. pyrotechnic articles shall mean assembled devices that have been approved by the Department of Transportation as Fireworks UN0336 and Articles, 6.4.3.1 Where consumer fireworks storage is located in a building containing Pyrotechnic UN0431 and UN0432. other tenants, the consumer fireworks storage area shall be separated from the other tenants by fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 6.2 General Requirements for the Storage of Consumer Fireworks. hours. 6.2.1 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall comply with the requirements 6.4.3.1.1 Openings in the fire barriers shall not be permitted. of this chapter. 6.4.3.1.2 Any penetrations of the fire barriers shall be protected in accordance 6.2.2 Work rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. buildings provided such work rooms or areas comply with Section 6.13. 6.4.3.2 Office areas ancillary to the consumer fireworks storage building shall 6.2.3 Exterior door and window openings in consumer fireworks storage be separated from the consumer fireworks storage area by fire barriers having a buildings shall be equipped with a means for locking. fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. 6.2.4 Consumer fireworks storage buildings shall not be used for residential 6.4.3.2.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected occupancies and shall not be located in residential areas. by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating 6.2.5 Finished consumer fireworks at a manufacturing or distribution facility of not less than 1 hour and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, shall be stored in consumer fireworks storage buildings, trailers, semitrailers, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. metal shipping containers, or magazines. 6.4.3.2.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be 6.2.6 Receiving, picking, packing, packaging, and shipping shall be permitted in protected in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. consumer fireworks storage buildings or areas. 6.4.4 Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish. Interior wall and ceiling finish shall be 6.2.7* Third Party Testing. Class A, Class B, or Class C in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. 6.2.7.1 Consumer fireworks shall be tested and certified by an approved 6.5 Fire Protection. independent third party testing agency for compliance with the regulation of the 6.5.1* Automatic Sprinkler System. An automatic sprinkler system installed Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in Title 16, CFR, in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, Parts 1500 and 1507, using an approved test sampling plan. shall be provided in consumer fireworks storage buildings greater than 12,000 6.2.7.2 Shipping cartons containing only consumer fireworks complying with ft2 (1,115 m2). 6.2.7 shall be marked in an approved manner to indicate such compliance. 6.5.1.1 The automatic sprinkler system shall be designed using the following 6.3 Permit Requirements. criteria for the areas where the consumer fireworks are stored in DOT-approved 6.3.1 Permits. Where required, a permit shall be obtained to construct, erect, or packaging: operate any consumer fireworks storage or work building, room, or area. (1) Consumer fireworks stored in DOT-approved packaging shall be 6.3.2 Plans. considered as a Class IV commodity. 6.3.2.1 Where required, plans for consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, (2) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 10 ft (3 m) in rooms, or areas shall be submitted to the AHJ with the permit application. racks, or 12 ft (3.7 m) otherwise, shall be classified as an Ordinary Hazard (Group 2) occupancy. 6.3.2.2 The plans shall include the design, details, and specifications for the DRAFT(3) Consumer fireworks stored to a height not greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) in following: racks, but greater than 10 ft (3 m), shall be classified as an Extra Hazard (1) Distances from public ways, buildings, facilities, magazines, motor (Group 1) occupancy. vehicle fuel–dispensing stations, retail propane dispensing stations, flammable and combustible liquid aboveground tank storage, and (4) Consumer fireworks stored to a height greater than 12 ft (3.7 m) shall be flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk aboveground storage protected by an automatic sprinkler system designed using a fire control and dispensing areas within 30.5 m (100 ft) of the building used to store approach or a special design approach in accordance with NFPA 13, or handle consumer fireworks Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. (2) Vehicle access and parking areas 6.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visible alarms throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72, National (3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers Fire Alarm Code. (4) Floor plan and layout of storage and handling to indicate compliance 6.5.2 Portable Fire Extinguishers. with this chapter 6.5.2.1 Installation. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in accordance (5) Means of egress with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. (6) Construction details 6.5.2.2 Minimum Number. Every consumer fireworks storage or work building 6.4 Construction. shall have not less than two portable fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A 6.4.1 Buildings and Structures. Consumer fireworks shall only be stored in the rating. following buildings or structures, provided that the building or structure does 6.5.2.3 Pressurized Water Type. At least one of the required fire extinguishers not exceed one story in height and does not contain a basement: shall be of the pressurized water type.

1124-49 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 6.5.2.4 Multipurpose Dry Chemical Type. At least one of the required fire 6.8.5 Egress Travel Distance. Exits provided for consumer fireworks storage extinguishers shall be of the multipurpose dry chemical type having a minimum or work buildings or areas shall be located so that the maximum egress travel 4A rating. distance as measured from the most remote point to an exit along the natural 6.5.2.5 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for consumer fireworks storage or and unobstructed path of egress travel shall not exceed 200 ft (60.8 m). work buildings shall be located so that the maximum distance of travel to reach 6.9 Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting. an extinguisher from any point shall not exceed 75 ft (22.8 m) as specified in 6.9.1 Exit Signs. NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. 6.9.1.1 Exits in consumer fireworks storage or work buildings or areas shall 6.5.3 Smoke and Heat Vents. Smoke and heat vents designed and installed be marked by an approved exit sign in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety in accordance with NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be Code. provided in consumer fireworks storage buildings exceeding 50,000 ft2 (4,644 m2) in undivided area. 6.9.1.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or internally or externally illuminated. 6.6* Site Requirements for Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a building or other defined perimeter of a consumer fireworks 6.9.2 Emergency Lighting. storage facility shall be accessible within 150 ft (45.7 m) of a public way or an 6.9.2.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be illuminated approved fire apparatus access. whenever the facility is occupied in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety 6.7 Separation Distances. Code. 6.7.1* Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings at distribution facilities 6.9.2.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks storage or shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures in work buildings or areas and shall comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. accordance with Table 6.7.1. 6.10* Electrical Requirements. Electrical fixtures and wiring shall comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code.

Table 6.7.1 Separation Distance for Permanent Consumer Fireworks Storage or Work

Buildings Separation Distances Exterior Wall Exterior Wall Opening

(m) (ft) Fire Resistance Protection Rating (hr)

Rating (hr) < 1.5 < 5 3 3 ≥ 1.5 to < 3 ≥ 5 to < 10 2 1 1/2 ≥ 3 to < 18.3 ≥10 to < 60 1 3/4 ≥ 18.3 ≥ 60 0 0

6.7.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings at manufacturing facilities 6.11 Operations. shall be separated from inhabited buildings, passenger railways, public 6.11.1 Receiving, storing, picking from cartons, packing into cartons, highways, and other storage buildings in accordance with the distances specified packaging into retail packages including assortments, shipping, and other in Table 4.9.6, and shall be separated from process buildings and areas by the similar operations involving finished consumer fireworks shall be permitted in distances specified in Table 4.9.3. consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms, or areas that meet the 6.7.3 Other Separation Distances. requirements of this chapter. 6.7.3.1 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall not be located 6.11.2 Picking, sorting, packaging, packing, and other similar operations within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: involving finished consumer fireworks shall be conducted in consumer fireworks work buildings or consumer fireworks work rooms or areas in (1) Motor vehicle fuel–dispensing station dispensers consumer fireworks storage buildings that meet the requirements of this chapter. (2) Retail propane–dispensing station dispensers 6.11.3 Exterior doors and windows shall be kept locked when the building is not (3) Compressed natural gas dispensing facilities occupied or otherwise attended. (4) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, 6.11.4* Consumer fireworks shall be stored in accordance with NFPA 230, flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, and as follows: 6.7.3.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall not be located (1) Consumer fireworks shall be stored in DOT-approved packaging.(See within 300 ft (91.2 m) of any aboveground bulk storage or bulk dispensing area 3.3.25.) for the following: (2) Cartons shall be stacked neatly and in a stable manner. (1) Flammable or combustible liquid (3) Consumer fireworks returned to these buildings shall be permitted to (2) Flammable gas be stored temporarily in cartons until repackaging or repacking can be (3) FlammableDRAFT liquefied gas performed. 6.8 Means of Egress. 6.11.5 Firearms, unless carried by authorized personnel or law enforcement personnel, shall not be permitted inside a consumer fireworks storage or work 6.8.1 Means of egress in permanent consumer fireworks storage or work building, room, or area or within 50 ft (15.2 m) of stored consumer fireworks. buildings or areas shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. 6.11.5.1 Smoking. 6.8.2 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers that are not normally 6.11.5.1.1 Smoking materials, matches, lighters, or open flame devices shall occupied shall not be required to comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. not be allowed within 50 ft (15.2 m) of any area where fireworks or other pyrotechnic materials are present. 6.8.3 Doors. 6.11.5.1.2 Authorized smoking locations shall be so marked, shall contain 6.8.3.1 Exterior exit doors shall open outward. designated receptacles for disposal of smoking materials, and shall be provided 6.8.3.2 Doors in the means of egress shall be at least 36 in. (910 mm) wide and with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher for use on Class A fires. kept free of obstructions. 6.11.5.2 Testing. 6.8.3.3 Exit doors shall be equipped with panic hardware. 6.11.5.2.1 Testing of fireworks, pyrotechnic materials, and pyrotechnic 6.8.3.4 Exit doors shall be unlocked when the building is occupied. and explosive compositions shall be performed only in a building or area specifically designated for that purpose. 6.8.4 Aisles. 6.11.5.2.2 The testing shall be conducted at a safe distance from other buildings. 6.8.4.1 Aisles shall be at least 36 in. (910 mm) wide and shall be kept free of obstructions. 6.11.6 Signs that read as follows in letters not less than 4 in. (102 mm) high on a contrasting background shall be conspicuously posted on the outside of any 6.8.4.2 Dead end aisles shall not exceed 50 ft (15.2 m) in length. 1124-50 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 consumer fireworks storage building: such that the area exceeds the limits specified in 7.5.1.1 (1), the building shall FIREWORKS — NO SMOKING be considered to be a new consumer fireworks retail sales facility. 6.11.7* The operator of each consumer fireworks storage or work building or 7.1.1.2 Existing Facilities. For the purpose of applying the requirements of this area shall prepare a written emergency response plan that provides specific chapter, consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores not considered to be directions to be followed in the event of a fire. new as specified in 7.1.1.1 shall be considered to be existing. 6.12 Housekeeping. 7.1.1.3 Minimum Requirements. Existing life safety features that do not meet the requirements for new buildings, but that exceed the requirements for 6.12.1 No loose Black Powder or other exposed pyrotechnic composition existing buildings, shall not be further diminished. shall be permitted. If loose composition is discovered, it shall be removed immediately and disposed of in an approved manner. 7.1.1.4 Modernization or Renovation. Any alteration or any installation of new equipment shall meet, as nearly as practicable, the requirements for new 6.12.2 Consumer fireworks storage or work buildings, rooms or areas shall construction. [101:468] comply with the following: 7.1.1.4.1 Only the altered, renovated, or modernized portion of an existing (1) Interiors shall be kept clean, dry, and free of grit and rubbish. building, system, or individual component shall be required to meet the (2) Tools used for cleaning up loose pyrotechnic composition shall not have provisions of this code that are applicable to new construction. [101:4.6.8] spark-producing metal parts. 7.1.1.4.2 If the alteration, renovation, or modernization adversely impacts (3) Sweepings shall be disposed of in an approved manner. required life safety features, additional upgrading shall be required. [101:4.6.8] 6.12.3 The area around consumer fireworks storage or work buildings shall be 7.1.1.4.3 Except where another provision of this code exempts a previously kept clear of brush, dried vegetation, rubbish, and similar combustibles for a approved feature from a requirement, the resulting feature shall be not less than distance of at least 25 ft (7.6 m). that required for existing buildings. [101:4.6.8] 6.13 Consumer Fireworks Work Buildings, Rooms, or Areas. 7.1.2 Facility Classification. The requirements of this chapter shall apply to the following: 6.13.1 Consumer fireworks work buildings, rooms, or areas shall comply with this section. (1) Permanent buildings and structures, including the following: 6.13.2 The quantity of consumer fireworks being handled outside of DOT- (a) Stores approved packaging shall be limited to that necessary to conduct the operation. (b) Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 6.13.3 Aisles shall be at least 48 in. (1.2 m) wide and shall be kept free of (2) Temporary facilities, including the following: obstructions that reduce the required width. (a) Consumer fireworks retail sales stands 6.13.4 Exit doors shall be kept free of obstructions. (b) Tents 6.13.5 Work rooms or areas shall be permitted in consumer fireworks storage buildings. (c) Canopies 6.13.5.1 Work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall be (d) Membrane structures separated from stored consumer fireworks by a fire barrier wall having a fire 7.2 Special Limits for Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks. resistance rating of at least 1 hour or by a separation distance of at least 25 ft 7.2.1 Retail sales of consumer fireworks, including their related storage and (7.6 m). display for sale of such fireworks, shall be in accordance with this code. 6.13.5.2 Work rooms or areas in consumer fireworks storage buildings shall 7.2.2* Retail sales of consumer fireworks shall be limited to mercantile have at least two remotely located means of egress with at least one means of occupancies defined in NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. egress not having to pass through a storage area. 7.2.3 Any building or structure used for the retail sales of consumer fireworks, 6.13.6 Light fixtures within 25 ft (7.6 m) of any consumer fireworks shall have including their related storage, shall comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, guards. for mercantile occupancies, except as provided in this code. 6.14 Trailers, Semitrailers, and Metal Shipping Containers. 7.2.4 Retail sales of display fireworks and pyrotechnic articles, including the 6.14.1 Trailers, semitrailers or metal shipping containers shall comply with this related storage and display for sale of such fireworks and articles, shall be section. prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. 6.14.2 Trailers, semitrailers or metal shipping containers that are not normally 7.2.5 Retail sales of certain explosive devices prohibited by the Child Safety occupied shall be permitted to be locked during operation. Act of 1966, including the related storage and display for sale of such devices, 6.14.3 Where an aisle is provided, the aisle shall be not less than 28 in. (710 shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. mm) in clear width. 7.2.6 The retail sales of pest control devices, including their related storage and 6.14.4 At least one pressurized water type fire extinguisher having a minimum display for sale, shall be prohibited at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility 2A rating shall be located within 75 ft (22.8 m). or store. 6.14.5 Panic hardware on exit doors shall not be required. 7.2.7 The retail sales of fireworks that do not comply with the regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission as set forth in 16 CFR 1500 and 6.14.6 Trailers, semitrailers, and metal shipping containers used for consumer 1507 and the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation as set forth fireworks storage shall be permitted to be placed side by side with no minimum in 49 CFR 100 to 178, including their related storage and display for sale, shall separation distance and stacked to a maximum height of two units. be prohibited. Chapter 7 Retail Sales of Consumer Fireworks 7.3 General Requirements for All Retail Sales. 7.1 Applicability. 7.3.1 Exempt Amounts. 7.1.1* General Requirements. Retail sales of consumer fireworks in both 7.3.1.1 The requirements of this chapter shall not apply to consumer fireworks new and existingDRAFT buildings, structures, and facilities shall comply with the retail sales facilities or stores where the consumer fireworks are in packages requirements of this chapter unless otherwise indicated. and where the total quantity of consumer fireworks on hand does not exceed 7.1.1.1 New Facilities. 125 lb (net) [56.8 kg] of pyrotechnic composition or, in a building protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance 7.1.1.1.1 For the purpose of applying the requirements of this chapter, the with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 250 lb (net) following consumer fireworks retail sales (CFRS) facilities and stores shall be [113.6 kg] of pyrotechnic composition. considered to be new: 7.3.1.2 Where the actual weight of the pyrotechnic composition of consumer (1) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores, which fireworks is not known, 25 percent of the gross weight of the consumer are not initially occupied until after the effective date of this code, unless fireworks, including packaging, shall be permitted to be used to determine the plans are submitted and accepted for review, plans have been approved weight of the pyrotechnic composition. for construction, or a building permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this code 7.3.2* Permits. Where required by state or local laws, ordinances, or regulations, a permit for the following shall be obtained: (2) Permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores constructed prior to the effective date of this code and in which (1) Construction, erection, or operation of the following: consumer fireworks retail sales have not been conducted either (a) Permanent building or structure seasonally or year-round within one year prior to the effective date of this code (b) Temporary structure such as a stand, tent, or canopy used for the purpose of the retail display or sale of consumer fireworks to the (3) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores public 7.1.1.1.2 In a store where the area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail (2) Storage of consumer fireworks in connection with the retail display or displays of consumer fireworks is increased after the effective date of this code, sale of consumer fireworks to the public 1124-51 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.3.3 Plans. Plans for facilities other than stands and tents shall include the 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and following: Membrane Structures, as modified by 7.3.10 and 7.4.8. (1) Minimum distances from the following: 7.3.10.2 Number of Exits. (a) Public ways 7.3.10.2.1 The minimum number of exits provided from the retail sales area (b) Buildings shall be not less than three or as determined in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, whichever number is greater. (c) Other consumer fireworks retail sales facilities 7.3.10.2.2 Required means of egress from the retail sales area shall not be (d) Motor vehicle fuel–dispensing station dispensers allowed to pass through storage rooms. (e) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 7.3.10.3 Egress Travel Distance. (f) Flammable and combustible liquid aboveground tank storage Exits provided for the retail sales area of tents, membrane structures, canopies, (g) Flammable gas and flammable liquefied gas bulk aboveground and permanent consumer fireworks retail sales facilities, including Class C storage and dispensing areas within 300 ft (91.5 m) of the facility stores, shall be located so that the maximum egress travel distance, measured used for the retail sales of consumer fireworks from the most remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel, does not exceed 75 ft (22.9 m). (2) Vehicle access and parking areas 7.3.10.4 Aisles. Aisles serving as a portion of the exit access in consumer (3) Location and type of portable fire extinguishers fireworks retail sales areas shall comply with this paragraph. (4) Floor plan and layout of storage and displays to indicate compliance 7.3.10.4.1 Aisle Width. with this chapter and applicable state or local laws, ordinances, or regulations 7.3.10.4.1.1 Aisles shall have a minimum clear width of 48 in. (1.2 m). (5) Means of egress 7.3.10.4.1.2 The required width of aisles shall be maintained unobstructed at all times the facility is occupied by the public. (6) Construction details 7.3.10.4.2* Aisle Arrangements. 7.3.4 Construction of Buildings and Structures. Consumer fireworks shall only be permitted to be sold at retail in any of the following buildings or 7.3.10.4.2.1 Not less than one aisle shall be provided and arranged so that travel structures, provided that any new building or structure does not exceed one along the aisle leads directly to an exit. story in height: 7.3.10.4.2.2 Other required exits shall be located at, or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of, (1) Permanent buildings or structures constructed in accordance with the the end of an aisle or cross aisle. building code enforced by the AHJ 7.3.10.4.2.3 Aisles shall terminate at an exit, another aisle, or a cross-aisle. (2) Tents, canopies, or temporary membrane structures complying with 7.3.10.4.2.4 Dead-end aisles shall be prohibited. NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures 7.3.10.4.2.5 Where more than one aisle is provided, not less than one cross-aisle shall have an unobstructed connection with every aisle, other than cross-aisles. (3) Temporary structures constructed in accordance with this chapter 7.3.10.4.2.6 Cross-aisle connections shall be provided for each aisle at intervals (4) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands greater than 800 ft2 not greater than 50 ft (15.2 m) as measured along the aisle. (74 m2) in area that also meet the requirements for a permanent structure 7.3.10.4.2.7 Where cross-aisles are required, not less than one cross-aisle shall (5) Vehicles, such as vans, buses, trailers, recreational vehicles, motor have at least one end terminate at, or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of, an exit. homes, travel trailers, trucks, and automobiles, complying with the applicable requirements for consumer fireworks retail sales stands 7.3.10.5 Doors and Doorways. Doors and doorways used in the means of egress shall comply with this paragraph. 7.3.5 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 7.3.10.5.1 Egress doors shall be not less than 36 in. (910 mm) in width 7.3.5.1 Specification. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided as required [providing a minimum of 32 in. (813 mm) clear width]. for extra (high) hazard occupancy in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. 7.3.10.5.2 Exit openings from tents shall have a clear opening width of not less than 44 in. (1100 mm). 7.3.5.2 Extinguisher Type. Where more than one portable fire extinguisher is required, at least one fire extinguisher shall be of the multipurpose dry chemical 7.3.10.5.3 For other than temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands type if the facility is provided with electrical power. where the interior is not accessible to the public, every egress door that has a latching device shall be provided with panic hardware complying with NFPA 7.3.5.3 Location. Portable fire extinguishers for permanent consumer fireworks 101, Life Safety Code. retail sales facilities and stores shall be located so that the maximum distance of travel required to reach an extinguisher from any point does not exceed 75 ft 7.3.10.5.4 Means of egress doors shall be of the side-hinge swinging type and (23 m) as specified in NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. shall be arranged to swing in the direction of egress travel. 7.3.6 Fire Alarms. A fire alarm system shall be provided as required by NFPA 7.3.10.6 Exit Signs. 101, Life Safety Code. 7.3.10.6.1 Exits shall be marked by an approved exit sign in accordance with 7.3.7 No Smoking Signs. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. 7.3.7.1 Smoking shall not be permitted inside or within 50 ft (15.5 m) of the 7.3.10.6.2 Exit signs shall be required to be self-luminous or internally or consumer fireworks retail sales area. externally illuminated. 7.3.7.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 2 in. (51 mm) 7.3.10.7 Emergency Lighting. high on a contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted at each 7.3.10.7.1 The means of egress, including the exit discharge, shall be entrance or within 10 ft (3.05 m) of every aisle directly serving the consumer illuminated whenever the facility is occupied in accordance with NFPA 101, fireworks retail DRAFTsales area in a store: FIREWORKS — NO SMOKING Life Safety Code. 7.3.8 Distance from Bulk Dispensing and Bulk Storage. 7.3.10.7.2 Emergency lighting shall be provided for consumer fireworks retail 7.3.8.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall not be located sales facilities and stores and shall comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: 7.3.11* Retail Sales Displays. (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 7.3.11.1 General. The requirements of this section shall apply only to consumer (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, fireworks retail sales areas, unless otherwise specifically indicated. flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas 7.3.11.2* Height of Sales Displays. To provide for visual access of the retail (3) Compressed natural gas–dispensing facilities sales area by the employees and customers, partitions, counters, shelving, cases, and similar space dividers shall not exceed 6 ft (1.8 m) in height above the floor 7.3.8.2 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment shall not be surface inside the perimeter of the retail sales area. considered bulk storage. 7.3.11.2.1 Merchandise on display or located on shelves or counters or other 7.3.8.3 Fuel storage for generators shall be in accordance with 7.4.9.2. fixtures shall not be displayed to a height greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) above the 7.3.9* Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan. floor surface within the consumer fireworks retail sales area. For a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store, an approved fire safety 7.3.11.2.2 Where located along the perimeter of the consumer fireworks retail and evacuation plan shall be prepared in writing and maintained current. sales area, the maximum height of sales displays shall be limited to 12 ft (3.66 m). 7.3.10 Means of Egress. 7.3.11.3* Flame Breaks. 7.3.10.1* Means of egress in tents and membrane structures used for consumer fireworks retail sales shall comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, and NFPA 7.3.11.3.1 Where continuous displays of consumer fireworks are located on

1124-52 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 shelving, cases, counters, and similar display fixtures, a flame break shall be contained. provided so that the maximum distance between flame breaks does not exceed 7.3.11.6* Aerial Devices. Aerial devices shall be packaged and displayed 16 ft (4.9 m) where measured along the length of the display. for sale in a manner that will limit travel distance of ejected pyrotechnic 7.3.11.3.2 Flame breaks shall be allowed to be omitted in stores protected components if ignition of the fireworks occurs. throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with 7.3.11.7* Horizontal Barriers. Combustible materials and merchandise shall NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems. not be stored directly above the consumer fireworks in retail sales displays 7.3.11.3.3 The flame break shall extend as follows: unless a horizontal barrier is installed directly above the consumer fireworks as (1) From the display surface to not less than 6 in. (150 mm) above the full prescribed in 7.4.1(e) of NFPA 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid height of the displayed merchandise or to the underside of the display Oxidizers. surface directly above 7.3.12 Electrical Equipment. All electrical wiring shall be in accordance with (2) For the full depth of the displayed merchandise NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. 7.3.11.3.4* Where packaged fireworks merchandise is displayed on the same 7.3.13 Heating Equipment. level as individual unpackaged fireworks devices, a flame break shall not be 7.3.13.1 Heating units shall be listed and shall be used in accordance with their required where both of the following criteria are met: listing. (1) The length of the display level containing individual unpackaged 7.3.13.2 Temporary heating sources shall have tip-over and temperature- fireworks devices is interrupted by packaged fireworks merchandise, or overheat protection. open space, or any combination thereof, having a continuous length of 7.3.13.3 Open-flame and exposed-element heating devices shall be prohibited. not less than 8 ft (2.4 m). 7.3.13.4 Class II and Class III combustible liquid generator fuel shall be limited (2) The distance between flame breaks does not exceed 32 ft (9.8 m). to not more than 5 gal (18.9 L). 7.3.11.3.5 Where a merchandise display level contains packaged fireworks 7.3.13.5 Portable generators shall be permitted to use Class I flammable liquids merchandise, such merchandise shall be permitted to be displayed in a as fuel provided the quantity of such fuel is limited to 2 gal (7.6 L). continuous length on the same level without a flame break, where the display does not exceed 32 ft (9.8 m). 7.3.14 Operations. 7.3.11.3.6 An aisle having a minimum width of 44 in. (1.1 m) shall be permitted 7.3.14.1 General. Means of egress including, but not limited to aisles, doors, to substitute for a flame break. and exit discharge, shall be clear at all times when the facility or the building is occupied. 7.3.11.3.7 Where displays of merchandise face aisles that run along both long sides of the display fixtures or display surface, a flame break shall be installed 7.3.14.2 Distances from Entrances and Exits. lengthwise between the abutting display fixtures or along the approximate 7.3.14.2.1 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 5 longitudinal centerline of the display surface so as to separate the merchandise ft (1.5 m) of any public entrance in an enclosed building or structure. facing one of the aisles from the merchandise that abuts it facing the other aisle. 7.3.14.2.2 No consumer fireworks shall be displayed for sale or stored within 2 7.3.11.3.8 Freestanding display racks, pallets, tables, or bins containing ft (0.6 m) of any public exit, or private entrance or exit in an enclosed building packaged fireworks merchandise shall be permitted without flame breaks, or structure. provided the dimensions of the area occupied by the fireworks merchandise 7.3.14.3 Security. do not exceed 4 ft (1.2 m) in width, 8 ft (2.4 m) in length, and 6 ft (1.8 m) in height, and the displayed fireworks merchandise is separated from other 7.3.14.3.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales facilities and stores shall be secured displays of merchandise by aisles having a minimum clear width of 4 ft (1.2 m). when unoccupied and not open for business, unless fireworks are not kept in the facility during such times. 7.3.11.3.9 Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display fixtures are constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less than 1/4 in. (6 7.3.14.3.2 The fireworks displayed or stored in a consumer fireworks retail sales mm) thick that are separated from each other by an open space not less than 1 facility or store shall be allowed to be removed and transferred to a temporary 1/2 in. (38 mm) wide, a flame break specified in 7.3.11.3.7 shall not be required. storage structure or location. 7.3.11.4 Shelving. 7.3.15 Display and Handling. 7.3.11.4.1 Shelving or other surfaces used to support fireworks display Not less than 50 percent of the available floor area within the retail sales area merchandise shall be permitted to have not more than 10 percent of the area of shall be open space that is unoccupied by retail displays and used only for aisles the shelf contain holes or other openings. and cross-aisles. 7.3.11.4.2 The 10 percent limitation on the area of holes or other openings in 7.3.16* Housekeeping. the shelf used to support fireworks display merchandise shall not be applicable 7.3.16.1 Consumer fireworks retail sales areas and storage rooms shall be kept under the following conditions: free of accumulations of debris and rubbish. (1) Where both of the facing vertical surfaces of the abutting display 7.3.16.2 Any loose pyrotechnic composition shall be removed immediately. fixtures are constructed of perforated hardboard panels not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) thick that are separated from each other by an open space not 7.3.16.3 Vacuum cleaners or other mechanical cleaning devices shall not be less than 1 1/2 in. (38 mm) wide used. (2) Where such merchandise is suspended from or fastened to the shelf or 7.3.16.4 Brooms, brushes, and dustpans used to sweep up any loose powder or surface or is displayed as packaged merchandise on the surface or in dust shall be made of nonsparking materials. bins 7.3.16.5 Consumer fireworks devices that are damaged shall be removed and 7.3.11.4.3 Flame breaks and solid display surfaces shall not be required for not offered for sale. packaged fireworks merchandise displayed in bins or display racks or on pallets 7.3.16.6 Damaged consumer fireworks shall be permitted to be returned to the or tables locatedDRAFT at the end of a row of display fixtures where the following dealer or shall be disposed of according to the manufacturer’s instructions. conditions are met: 7.3.17* Training. All personnel handling consumer fireworks shall receive (1) Such end displays are separated from the ends of the display fixtures by safety training related to the performance of their duties. an open space not less than 3 in. (76 mm) wide. 7.3.18 Under the Influence. Any person selling consumer fireworks shall not (2) The fireworks merchandise occupies an area having dimensions not knowingly sell consumer fireworks to any person who is obviously under the greater than the width of the end of the row of display fixtures and a influence of alcohol or drugs. depth not greater than 36 in. (910 mm). 7.3.19 Records. (3) The minimum required widths of the adjacent aisles are maintained, but 7.3.19.1 Records shall be maintained on available inventory on the premise. in no case is the aisle width less than 48 in. (1.2 m). 7.3.19.2 Records shall be made available to the AHJ upon request. 7.3.11.5 Covered Fuses. 7.4 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales (CFRS) Facility Requirements. 7.3.11.5.1 Only consumer fireworks meeting the criteria for covered fuses as defined in Section 3.3 or as described in 7.3.11.5.2 shall be permitted in an area 7.4.1 Permit. Where required, plans for CFRS facilities shall be submitted to in which the retail sales of consumer fireworks are conducted. the AHJ with the permit application. 7.3.11.5.2 A consumer fireworks device shall be considered as having a covered 7.4.2 Site Plan. The site plan for stands and tents shall show the location of the fuse if the fireworks device is contained within a packaged arrangement, stand or tent on the site and indicate the minimum separation distances required container, or wrapper that is arranged and configured such that the fuse of the by 7.4.7. fireworks device cannot be touched directly by a person handling the fireworks 7.4.3 Construction Materials. The following construction materials without the person having to puncture or tear the packaging or wrapper, unseal requirements shall apply to new permanent CFRS facilities in jurisdictions that or break open a package or container, or otherwise damage or destroy the have not adopted a local building code: packaging material, wrapping, or container within which the fireworks are 1124-53 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 (1) Buildings having an area up to and including 8000 ft2 (743 m2) shall be 7.4.5.5 Smoke Control. permitted to be constructed of any approved construction materials. 7.4.5.5.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with NFPA (2) Buildings having an area greater than 8000 ft2 (743 m2) shall be 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in the CFRS area constructed in accordance with one of the following: of new permanent CFRS facilities or stores where the ceiling height is less than (a) Buildings shall be constructed of noncombustible or limited- 10 ft (3.05 m) and the travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 25 ft (7.6 combustible materials. m). (b) Buildings with exterior walls having a fire resistance rating of 7.4.5.5.2 The smoke and heat vents required by 7.4.5.5.1 shall be automatically activated by a smoke detection system installed throughout the CFRS area in not less than 2 hours shall be permitted to have the roof decking ® and its supporting structure and interior partitions constructed of accordance with NFPA 72 , National Fire Alarm Code. combustible materials. 7.4.6 Site Requirements. (3) Roof coverings for any building shall have a minimum rating of Class C 7.4.6.1* Fire Department Access. Any portion of an exterior wall of a as determined in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard Methods of Fire building, sidewall of a tent, or other defined perimeter of a CFRS facility or Tests of Roof Coverings. store shall be accessible within 150 ft (45.7 m) of a public way or an approved 7.4.4 Multiple-Tenant Buildings. fire apparatus access. 7.4.4.1 Where new CFRS facilities are located in a building containing other 7.4.6.2 Clearance to Combustibles. The area located within 30 ft (9 m) of tenants, the CFRS facility shall be separated from the other tenants by fire a CFRS facility shall be kept free of accumulated dry grass, dry brush, and barriers having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours without openings. combustible debris. 7.4.4.2 Where the new CFRS facility is protected per NFPA 13, Standard for the 7.4.6.3 Parking. No motor vehicle or trailer used for the storage of consumer Installation of Sprinkler Systems, the fire resistance rating of the fire barrier in fireworks shall be parked within 10 ft (3 m) of a CFRS facility, except when 7.4.4.1 shall be permitted to be not less than 1 hour. delivering, loading, or unloading fireworks or other merchandise and materials used, stored, or displayed for sale in the facility. 7.4.4.3 Any penetrations of the fire barrier shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. 7.4.6.4 Fireworks Discharge. 7.4.5 Fire Protection. 7.4.6.4.1 Fireworks shall not be ignited, discharged, or otherwise used within 300 ft (91.5 m) of a CFRS facility or store. 7.4.5.1 Automatic Sprinkler System. 7.4.6.4.2 At least one sign that reads as follows, in letters at least 4 in. (102 mm) 7.4.5.1.1 An automatic sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance high on a contrasting background, shall be conspicuously posted on the exterior with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, shall be of each side of the CFRS facility: provided throughout permanent CFRS facilities and stores in which CFRS are conducted in the following buildings: NO FIREWORKS DISCHARGE WITHIN 300 FEET (1) New buildings greater than 6000 ft2 (557.2 m2) in area 7.4.7 Separation Distances. (2) Existing buildings greater than 7500 ft2 (694 m2) in area 7.4.7.1 Permanent Facilities. 7.4.5.1.2 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible 7.4.7.1.1 New Facilities. New permanent consumer fireworks retail sales and visual alarms throughout the CFRS facility in accordance with NFPA 72, facilities shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and structures in National Fire Alarm Code. accordance with Table 7.4.7.1.1. 7.4.5.2 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer fireworks in a new permanent CFRS facility or store shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler Table 7.4.7.1.1 Separation Distances Between New Permanent Buildings and Structures system installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Separation Distances Exterior Wall Exterior Wall Opening Sprinkler Systems, or separated from the retail sales area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. Fire Resistance Protection Rating 7.4.5.2.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating of not less than 3/4 hour and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Rating (hr) Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. 7.4.5.2.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be (hr) protected in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. m ft

7.4.5.3 Portable Fire Extinguishers. < 3.05 < 10 2 1 1/2 ≥ 3.05 to < 18.3 ≥ 10 to < 60 1 3/4 7.4.5.3.1 Every CFRS facility and store shall have no fewer than two portable ≥ 18.3 ≥ 60 0 0 fire extinguishers with a minimum 2A rating, at least one of which shall be of the pressurized water type. 7.4.7.1.2 Existing Facilities. Existing permanent consumer fireworks retail 7.4.5.3.2 Portable fire extinguishers for temporary CFRS facilities shall be sales facilities shall be separated from adjacent permanent buildings and installed and located so that the maximum distance of travel required to reach structures by not less than 10 ft (3.05 m) or shall be separated by a wall with a an extinguisher from any point does not exceed 35 ft (10.6 m). 1-hour fire resistance rating. 7.4.5.4 Public Notification. In permanent CFRS facilities greater than 3000 7.4.7.2 Temporary Facilities. Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales ft2 (278.6 m2) in area and in Class B stores, a public address system or a means facilities shall be located as specified in Table 7.4.7.2. for manually activating an audible and visible alarm that indicates devices are located throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, shallDRAFT be provided at a constantly attended location when the CFRS facility is occupied.

Table 7.4.7.2 Temporary Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facilities — Minimum Separation Distances Buildings Combustiblea Tentsb Vehicle Standsc Storage of Consumer

Parking Fireworks m ft m ft m ft m ft m ft m ft b Tents 6.1 20 6.1 20 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 6.1 20 Standsc d d a 6.1 20 3.05 10 6.1 20 3.05 10 1.5 5 6.1 20 The required clearances to combustibles shall also comply with 7.4.6.2.

b Tents refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales in tents, canopies, and membrane structures.

c Stands refers to temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands.

d 2 2 Where stands are separated from each other by less than 20 ft (6.1 m), the aggregate area of such stands shall not exceed 74 m (800 ft ).

1124-54 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.4.7.3 Other Separation Distances. and state law, and local ordinances. 7.4.7.3.1 CFRS facilities and stores shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of 7.5.1.2 Consumer fireworks displayed for sale in stores shall comply with the the following: following: (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers (1) Such fireworks shall be under the visual supervision of a store employee (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, or other responsible party while the store is open to the public. flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas (2) Such fireworks shall be packaged fireworks merchandise. (3) Compressed natural gas–dispensing facilities (3)* Such fireworks shall be packaged and displayed for sale in a manner that 7.4.7.3.2 New CFRS facilities and stores, existing CFRS stands and tents, and will limit travel distance of ejected pyrotechnical components if ignition temporary CFRS facilities shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of motor of the fireworks occurs. vehicle fuel–dispensing station dispensers. (4) Where consumer fireworks meeting the descriptions of C.3.1.2 or 7.4.7.3.3 Existing CFRS facilities, other than CFRS stands, tents, and temporary C.3.1.3 for aerial devices and audible ground devices, respectively, facilities, and existing stores shall not be located within 25 ft (7.6 m) of motor are sold, such devices shall be displayed for sale in an area of the store vehicle fuel–dispensing station dispensers. that is physically separated from the rest of the store in a manner that restricts entry by the public, and the area of the store shall be provided 7.4.7.3.4 Fuel tanks on vehicles or other motorized equipment shall not be with not less than two means of egress, so located that there is no considered bulk storage. common path of travel and the distance to reach an egress point from the 7.4.8 Means of Egress. area does not exceed 35 ft (10.7 m). 7.4.8.1 General. Means of egress in CFRS facilities shall comply with the 7.5.2 Egress. applicable requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, as modified by 7.3.10 7.5.2.1 Means of egress in stores shall comply with NFPA 101, Life Safety and 7.4.8. Code, unless otherwise specified in 7.3.10 and 7.5.2. 7.4.8.2 The evacuation plan shall be posted in a conspicuous location that is 7.5.2.2 The following locations where consumer fireworks are sold shall be accessible to the public as well as to persons employed or otherwise working in permitted to have a minimum of two exits: the CFRS facility. (1) Retail sales areas within Class C stores 7.4.8.3 Exit signs shall not be required to be illuminated in tents or stands that are not open for business after dusk, or in temporary CFRS stands where the (2) Temporary consumer fireworks retail sales stands interior is not accessible to the public. (3) Existing permanent stores not greater than 3000 ft2 (279 m2) in area, 7.4.8.4 Emergency lighting shall not be required in tents or stands that are not other than tents. open for business after dusk or for temporary CFRS stands where the interior is 7.5.3 Separation Distances. not accessible to the public. 7.5.3.1 Stores shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of the following: 7.4.9 Source of Ignition. (1) Retail propane-dispensing station dispensers 7.4.9.1 Temporary Electrical Equipment. Battery-powered equipment, (2) Aboveground storage tanks for flammable or combustible liquid, electrical equipment, and electrical cords that are used in conjunction with a flammable gas, or flammable liquefied gas CFRS facility area shall be listed and shall be used in accordance with their listing. (3) Compressed natural gas–dispensing facilities 7.4.9.1.1 Temporary wiring installed in a temporary structure, including tents 7.5.3.2 New stores shall not be located within 50 ft (15.2 m) of motor vehicle and canopies, shall comply with Article 305 of NFPA 70, National Electrical fuel–dispensing station dispensers. Code. 7.5.3.3 Fireworks shall not be ignited, discharged, or otherwise used within 300 7.4.9.1.2 Where temporary electrical conductors are placed on top of an outdoor ft (91.5 m) of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store. surface to connect the permanent power source to the temporary CFRS facility’s 7.5.4 Storage Rooms. Storage rooms containing consumer fireworks in a new temporary electrical system, the conductors shall be provided with physical permanent store shall be protected with an automatic sprinkler system installed protection against damage caused by pedestrian or vehicular traffic. in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 7.4.9.2 Portable Generators. or separated from the retail sales area by a fire barrier having a fire resistance rating of not less than 1 hour. 7.4.9.2.1 Portable generators supplying power to CFRS facilities shall use only Class II or Class III combustible liquid fuels. 7.5.4.1 Door and window openings in the fire barrier wall shall be protected by self-closing fire doors or fixed fire windows having a fire protection rating 7.4.9.2.2 Portable generators shall be located not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) from of not less than 1 hour and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, the CFRS facility. Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. 7.4.9.2.3 Generator fuels shall be stored not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) from the 7.5.4.2 Any other openings or penetrations in the fire barrier wall shall be CFRS facility. protected in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. 7.4.9.2.4* Where the generator fuel storage is located not less than 50 ft (15.2 7.5.5 Alarm Notification. m) from the CFRS facility, the quantity of such fuel shall not be limited by 7.3.13. 7.5.5.1 The waterflow alarm device shall be arranged to activate audible and visual alarms throughout the store in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire 7.4.9.3 Cooking Equipment. Alarm Code. 7.4.9.3.1 Cooking equipment of any type shall not be permitted within 20 ft (6.1 7.5.5.2 In Class B stores, a public address system or a means for manually m) of tents, canopies, or membrane structures used for the storage or sale of activating an audible and visible alarm that indicates devices are located consumer fireworks. throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code, 7.4.9.3.2 Open flDRAFTame cooking equipment of any type shall not be allowed within shall be provided at a constantly attended location when the store is occupied. 50 ft (15.2 m) of tents, canopies, or membrane structures used for the storage or 7.5.6 Smoke Control. sale of consumer fireworks. 7.5.6.1 Smoke and heat vents designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 7.4.10 Quantity Limitations. The floor area occupied by the retail displays of 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, shall be provided in the CFRS area consumer fireworks in permanent CFRS facilities shall not exceed 40 percent of of new permanent stores where the ceiling height is less than 10 ft (3.05 m) and the available floor area within the retail sales area. the travel distance to reach an exit is greater than 25 ft (7.6 m). 7.4.11 Flame Breaks. In CFRS facilities where one of the aisles does not 7.5.6.2 The smoke and heat vents required by 7.4.5.5.1 shall be automatically serve as part of the means of egress for the public, the flame break required in activated by a smoke detection system installed throughout the CFRS area in 7.3.11.3.7 shall not be required. accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code. 7.5 Stores. 7.6 Stands. 7.5.1 General. 7.6.1 Temporary Stands. 7.5.1.1 For the purpose of this chapter, stores in which CFRS are conducted 7.6.1.1 Portable Fire Extinguisher. Temporary CFRS stands of less than 200 shall not be considered CFRS facilities as defined in Section 3.3 where both of ft2 (18.6 m2) shall be required to have only one portable fire extinguisher. the following conditions exist: 7.6.1.2 Fire Safety and Evacuation Plan. An approved fire safety and (1) The area of the retail sales floor occupied by the retail displays of evacuation plan shall not be required for temporary CFRS stands. consumer fireworks does not exceed 25 percent of the area of the retail sales floor in the building or 600 ft2 (55.5 m2), whichever is less. 7.6.1.3 Means of Egress. (2) The consumer fireworks are displayed and sold in a manner approved by 7.6.1.3.1 Retail sales areas within temporary CFRS stands shall have a the AHJ and comply with the applicable provisions of this code, federal minimum of two exits. 1124-55 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 7.6.1.3.2 Exits provided for temporary fireworks retail sales stands shall be from mortars. Upon firing of the shell, the fuse and lift charge are consumed. located so that the maximum egress travel distance as measured from the most [1123:3.3.2] remote point to an exit along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel A.3.3.5.3 Screen Barricade. Such barricades can be constructed of metal does not exceed 35 ft (10.6 m). roofing, 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. (6 mm to 13 mm) mesh screen, or equivalent material. 7.6.1.3.3 Customers shall not be permitted inside a temporary CFRS stand A.3.3.7 Binary System. The ingredients for such a system are shipped unless it complies with the means of egress requirements in 7.3.10. separately as an oxidizer and a fuel. The ingredients do not become a 7.6.2 Stands Not Open to the Public. pyrotechnic material until they are mixed. 7.6.2.1 Minimum Clear Width of Aisles. In temporary CFRS stands where A.3.3.9.1 Consumer Fireworks Storage Building. Consumer fireworks the interior is not accessible to the public, the minimum clear width of the aisle storage buildings are typically found at manufacturing or distribution facilities shall be permitted to be not less than 28 in. (710 mm). and are not considered to be process buildings, rooms, or areas. 7.6.2.2 Egress Doors. Egress doors provided for temporary fireworks retail A.3.3.9.2 Consumer Fireworks Work Building, Room, or Area. Work sales stands where the interior is not accessible to the public shall be permitted buildings, rooms, or areas are typically found at manufacturing or distribution to be not less than 28 in. (710 mm) in width. facilities and are considered nonprocess buildings, rooms or areas. 7.6.2.3 Storage. In temporary CFRS stands where the interior is not accessible A.3.3.9.3 Inhabited Building. The term includes any church, school, store, to the public, the maximum height of sales displays shall be limited to 8 ft (2.44 railway passenger station, airport passenger terminal, and any other building m). or structure where people are accustomed to congregate or assemble. This term 7.6.2.4 Flame Breaks. Temporary CFRS stands where the interior is not does not include any building or structure occupied in connection with the accessible to the public shall not be required to comply with 7.3.11.3. manufacture, transportation, storage, distribution, packing, packaging, shipping, or use of explosive materials or fireworks at a manufacturing or distribution 7.6.2.5 Covered Fuses. Individual consumer fireworks items displayed for sale facility. in temporary CFRS stands where the interior is not accessible to the public shall not be required to have covered fuses. A.3.3.9.4 Mechanical Building. A mechanical building is intended to be an unoccupied building. 7.6.2.6 Sales Display. The following shall apply to the sales display of consumer fireworks in temporary consumer retail sales stands that do not allow A.3.3.9.5 Mixing Building. This definition does not apply to wet sparkler mix access to the interior of the stand by the public: preparation. (1) Consumer fireworks shall be displayed in a manner that prevents the A.3.3.9.6 Nonprocess Building. A pyrotechnic laboratory is considered to be a fireworks from being handled by persons other than those operating, nonprocess building, but it is subject to the required separation distances for a supervising, or working in the temporary CFRS stand. consumer fireworks process building. (2) The handling requirements of 7.6.2.6(1) shall not apply to packaged A.3.3.9.7 Process Building. Examples of operations performed in a process assortments, boxes, or similarly packaged containers of one or more building include, but are not limited to, the following: items, regardless of type. (1) Assembling internal component parts or exposed pyrotechnic Chapter 8 Transportation on Public Highways of Fireworks, Pyrotechnic compositions into finished fireworks Articles, and Any Component(s) Containing Pyrotechnic or Explosive (2) Mixing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions Materials (3) Pressing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions 8.1 General Requirements. Transportation on public highways of fireworks, (4) Drying of newly manufactured fireworks or pyrotechnic articles or their pyrotechnic articles, and any component(s) containing pyrotechnic or explosive compositions materials shall meet all applicable requirements of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT), 49 CFR, 170 to end, and any applicable local, state, (5) Packing of finished fireworks or pyrotechnic articles or international requirements. (6) Any combination of these operations Annex A Explanatory Material A.3.3.9.10 Unoccupied Building. An unoccupied building can be used for Annex A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is long-term storage of materials acceptable to the AHJ, provided that no fireworks included for informational purposes only. This annex contains explanatory or pyrotechnic composition is stored within the building. material, numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs. A.3.3.13 Comet. A comet is not a shell or mine. [1123:A.3.3.11] A.1.3.11 Novelties are not classified as fireworks. See Annex C. A.3.3.19 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Stand. Stands can include, but are A.3.2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, not limited to, small buildings, plywood or sheet metal structures, manufactured inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials; nor buildings, semitrailers, trailers, shipping containers, or similar structures or does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability facilities. of installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the authority having A.3.3.22 Covered Fuse. The purpose of the covered fuse is to minimize the jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate accidental ignition of fireworks in a retail display by a lighted cigarette or a standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may require evidence match, a cigarette lighter, or similar small open flame, as well as to reduce of proper installation, procedure, or use. The authority having jurisdiction the potential for the rapid involvement of fireworks in, and the subsequent may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization that is acceleration of, a fire originating within a retail display of consumer fireworks. concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to determine Protection of the fuse can be provided by means of tape covering the exposed compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items. (ignitable) end of a safety fuse or by covering the fuse or the entire fireworks A.3.2.2 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The phrase “authority device or group of fireworks devices with paper, plastic, cardboard, paperboard, having jurisdiction,” or its acronym AHJ, is used in NFPA documents in a or similar or equivalent materials. broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their Examples of covered fuses of fireworks devices include those contained responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction within packaged assortments, multi-item packages, and similar retail may be a federal,DRAFT state, local, or other regional department or individual such merchandise arrangements that are displayed within unopened and unperforated as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, containers so that they are not exposed to view, or they are covered with, or are or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having contained within, plastic wrap, paper, paperboard, cardboard, or other types of statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, wrapping or packaging materials designed to prevent the fuses from coming rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority into direct contact with an ignition source. having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at A.3.3.25 DOT-Approved Packaging. DOT-approved packaging for consumer government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may fireworks typically consists of sealed fiberboard cartons that have been tested be the authority having jurisdiction. and certified to meet the performance requirements specified in Part 178 of 49 CFR. Cartons are required to be marked and labeled in compliance with DOT A.3.2.3 Code. The decision to designate a standard as a “code” is based on regulations to indicate that fireworks are contained in the packagings. such factors as the size and scope of the document, its intended use and form of adoption, and whether it contains substantial enforcement and administrative A.3.3.27 Explosive. This term includes but is not limited to dynamite, Black provisions. Powder, pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses, squibs, detonating cord, igniter cord, and igniters. The term explosive includes A.3.2.5 Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each any materials determined to be within the scope of 18 USC, Chapter 40, organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not “Importation, Manufacture, Distribution, and Storage of Explosive Materials,” recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having and also includes any materials classified as an explosive by the Hazardous jurisdiction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to Materials Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). identify a listed product. See Annex E. A.3.3.1 Aerial Shell. Comets and mines are not aerial shells. The shells are The following operations are not most commonly 3 in. to 6 in. (76 mm to 152 mm) outside diameter and are fired A.3.3.29.3 Manufacturing Facility. considered to be manufacturing where performed in a separate building or area: 1124-56 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 (1) Assembly of display pieces from finished pyrotechnic articles classed as addition to ionic solids, an oxidizer can be a material having covalent molecules Explosive 1.4 containing halogen atoms. An oxidizer is an ingredient of pyrotechnic materials. (2) Minor repairs or modification of consumer fireworks not involving A.3.3.54 Packaged Fireworks Merchandise. Packaged fireworks merchandise exposed pyrotechnic material are generally fireworks items or groups of fireworks items that have been (3) Packing of finished consumer fireworks into consumer fireworks packaged by the manufacturer or distributor before they are offered for sale assortments to the consumer. The packaging arrangement completely encapsulates the fireworks item or items within paperboard, cardboard, plastic wrap, or similar (4) Attachment of electric matches and minor repairs to display fireworks materials or combinations of materials. Such encapsulation ensures that a and pyrotechnic articles person must puncture, tear, unseal, or break open the package or otherwise A.3.3.30 Fireworks. Toy caps for use in toy pistols, toy canes, toy guns, and damage or destroy the packaging materials in order to gain access to, and novelties and trick noisemakers are not considered to be fireworks (see Annex directly handle, each individual fireworks item to expose its fuse. C). The regulations referred to limit the explosive content of each toy cap to A.3.3.60 Pyrotechnic Laboratory. A pyrotechnic laboratory typically not more than an average of 0.25 gr (16.2 mg). Also, each package containing processes small batches of chemicals and compositions, manufactures such caps has to be labeled to indicate the maximum explosive content per prototypes, or conducts a variety of tests and analyses. See Process Building, cap. For information on the use of model rockets and model rocket motors, Section 3.3, and 4.9.9. see NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry. For information on the use of high power rockets and high power rocket motors, see NFPA 1127, Code for High A.3.3.72 Stars. Stars burn while in the air, producing color or streamer effects. Power Rocketry. Model rockets, model rocket motors, high power rockets, and A.3.3.74 Store. Stores are subclassified as Class A, Class B, or Class C in high power rocket motors designed, sold, and used for the purpose of propelling accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. For informational purposes, recoverable aero models are not considered to be fireworks. Section 36.1.4.2 Subclassification of Occupancy has been extracted from NFPA A.3.3.30.1 Consumer Fireworks. Consumer fireworks are normally classed as 101, Life Safety Code, and reprinted below. Explosives, 1.4G and described as Fireworks, UN 0336 by the U.S. Department 36.1.4.2 Subclassification of Occupancy. of Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see Annex C). Some small devices designed to produce audible effects are included, such as whistling devices, ground devices 36.1.4.2.1 Mercantile occupancies shall be subclassified as follows: containing 0.8 gr (50 mg) or less of explosive composition (salute powder), and aerial devices containing 2 gr (130 mg) or less of explosive composition (1) Class A – All mercantile occupancies having an aggregate gross area of (salute powder) per explosive unit. Consumer fireworks that comply with more than 2800 m2 (30,000 ft2) or occupying more than three the construction, chemical composition, and labeling regulations of the U.S. stories for sales purposes. DOT for fireworks, 49 CFR (172), and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as set forth in CPSC 16 CFR: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not (2) Class B – All mercantile occupancies of more than 280 m2 (3000 ft2), considered explosive materials for purposes of this code. but not more than 2800 m2 (30,000 ft2), aggregate gross area and A.3.3.30.2 Display Fireworks. Display fireworks are described as Fireworks, occupying not more than three stories for sales purposes. UN0335 and are classed as Explosives, 1.3G by the U.S. Department of (3) Class C – All mercantile occupancies of not more than 280 m2 (3000 ft2) Transportation (U.S. DOT) (see Annex C). gross area and uses for sales purposes occupying one story only Display fireworks include, but are not limited to, the following: [101:36.1.4.2.1] (1) Salutes or firecrackers containing more than 2 gr (130 mg) of explosive composition (salute powder) 36.1.4.2.2 For the purpose of the classification required in 36.1.4.2.1, the requirements of 36.1.4.2.2(A), 36.1.4.2.2(B), and 36.1.4.2.2(C) (2) Aerial shells containing more than 2.1 oz (60 g) of total pyrotechnic and shall be met. explosive composition (3) Other display pieces that exceed the limits for classification as consumer (A) The aggregate gross area shall be the total gross area of all floors used for fireworks mercantile purposes. Such fireworks are also described as fireworks, 49 CFR (172) by the U.S. (B) Where a mercantile occupancy is divided into sections, regardless of fire DOT. separation, the aggregate gross area shall include the area of all A.3.3.37 Manufacturing. The following operations are not considered to be sections uses for sales purposes. manufacturing where performed in a separate building or area: (C) Areas of floors not used for sales purposes, such as an area used only (1) Assembly of display pieces from finished pyrotechnic articles classed as for storage and not open to the public, shall not be counted for Explosive 1.4 the purposes of the classifications in 36.1.4.2.1(1), 36.1.4.2.1(2), (2) Minor repairs or modification of consumer fireworks not involving and 36.1.4.2.1(3), but means of egress shall be provided for such exposed pyrotechnic material nonsales areas in accordance with their occupancy as specified by other chapters of this Code [101:36.1.4.2.2] (3) Packing of finished consumer fireworks into consumer fireworks assortments A.4.5.2 For information on the use of conductive surfaces to minimize the hazard of static electricity, see 20.3.6 of NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care (4) Attachment of electric matches and minor repairs to display fireworks Facilities. and pyrotechnic articles A.4.5.5.1 In general, the wall having the largest area should be chosen to A.3.3.39.2 Bullet-Sensitive Explosive Material. The test material is at a provide explosion relief. The entire area of the wall should be utilized. The term temperature of 70°F to 75°F (21°C to 24°C) and is placed against a 1/2 in. (12.7 weakwall is used to describe the relative strength of the explosion-relieving wall mm) steel plate. as compared to the rest of the building. A.3.3.39.5 Pyrotechnic Material (Pyrotechnic Special Effects Material). A.4.7.1(3) A bullet-resistant roof should be constructed according to any of the Such a chemical mixture consists predominantly of solids capable of producing DRAFTspecifications in Annex B. A bullet-resistant ceiling should be constructed at a controlled, self-sustaining, self-contained exothermic chemical reaction the eave line, covering the entire area of the magazine, except for the necessary that results in heat, gas, sound, or light, or a combination of these effects. The ventilation space. Examples of bullet-resistant ceiling construction include the chemical reaction functions without external oxygen. following: A.3.3.41 Mercantile Occupancy. Mercantile occupancies include the (1) Any construction meeting the specifications in Annex B following: (2) A sand tray having a sand depth of at least 4 in. (101.6 mm) (1) Auction rooms A.4.9.3.1 The use of barricades is highly recommended. (2) Department stores A.4.10 The maximum quantity of salute powder that is permitted in any process (3) Drugstores building or area is 10 lb (4.5 kg). (4) Restaurants with fewer than 50 persons A.4.11.2 Where sufficient separation distances exist, the Regional Director of (5) Shopping centers the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms can grant a variance from this (6) Supermarkets requirement upon written request. Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise A.4.12.2.3 Smoking materials include matches, lighters, cigarettes, cigars, and and located in the same building should be considered part of the mercantile pipes. occupancy classification. 5000:[ A.3.3.371.8] A.4.12.5 Care should be exercised, since some oxidizers are mutually A.3.3.42 Mine. A mine is not an aerial shell or comet. [1123:A.3.3.29] incompatible. The NFPA Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, which contains the former NFPA 491, Guide to Hazardous Chemical Reactions, A.3.3.48 Novelties. For further information, see Annex C. lists many oxidizers and other materials that result in hazardous interactions. A.3.3.49 Oxidizer. Where such a chemical decomposes, it releases oxygen. In Oxidizers commonly include nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates. 1124-57 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 A.4.12.6 Where practicable, nonsparking machinery and tooling should be used. road or other suitable all-weather surface, such as gravel or compacted earth, To the extent practical, ferrous metals should be covered with nonsparking that can accommodate a typical fire department vehicle such as a pumper. Such coatings such as epoxy paint. access is not required to be a public street or alley but it is to be laid out and A.4.14 For information on fireworks classification testing, contact the following designed so that it can be readily used by the responding fire department under agencies: all weather conditions without unduly impeding the fire department’s access to the building or facility. (1) U.S. Bureau of Mines, Columbia Plaza, 2401 E Street, NW, Washington, DC 20241. A.6.7.1 In jurisdictions where a local building code is adopted and enforced, separation distances are usually measured to property lines, except where (2) Bureau of Explosives, c/o Association of American Railroads, 50 F there are two or more buildings located on the same property. In that case, Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001. an imaginary or assumed property line is generally assumed to be located A.4.15.1 This requirement minimizes personnel exposure and is distinct somewhere between the buildings for the purpose of determining the required from any requirement on maximum building occupancy that might exist in separation distance between the buildings. Otherwise, the buildings can be local ordinances. One method for assessing the number of people necessary treated as one building for the purpose of applying building code requirements to conduct production operations is to perform a process hazard analysis as or the requirements in Chapter 6. However, it is the intent of this section to required by OSHA’s Process Safety Management Standard, Title 29 CFR specify the minimum separation distance necessary to minimize the propagation 1910.119. of fire by transmission of ejected burning materials. This distance is required between buildings, not between buildings and property lines whether real, A.4.17.5.2 Markings should be on the device, unless it is too small to do so imagined, or assumed. conspicuously. If too small, a tag or label on the package with the information should be marked conspicuously. A.6.10 Extension cords should be approved and listed, minimum 14 gauge. Aerial shells, comets or mines should be marked with the size according to A.6.11.4 Where pile heights exceed 12 ft (3.7 m), aisle widths should be A.4.17.5.2(3). Roman candles and multiple tube devices should be described by increased proportionally so as to maintain the 4:1 ratio between pile height and the inside diameter of their tubes. aisle width. The warnings should be in bold letters that are easily discernable from the rest A.6.11.7 The operator of each consumer fireworks storage or work building or of the markings. area should train employees at least once a year using the written emergency response plan. A.4.17.5.2(3) As a minimum, each shell should bear a label containing the following information: A.7.1.1 To assist the user of this code in determining whether a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store is new or existing for the purpose of (1) Description of the size of the shell [e.g., 3 in. (76 mm) shell] applying this code, Table A.7.1.1 has been provided. See Table A.7.1.1 on the (2) Description of the type of shell (for example, 2-break with report) next page. (3) Warning statement that reads as follows: WARNING: DANGEROUS A.7.2.2 This requirement is not intended to preclude the retail sales of consumer EXPLOSIVE. IF FOUND, DO NOT HANDLE. CONTACT LOCAL fireworks in occupancies that might be classified as Group H High Hazard FIRE OR POLICE DEPARTMENT. (Hazardous) by a building code. (4) Name and location of the business of the manufacturer, importer, or A.7.3.2 Specific information and requirements for permits can be found in distributor, with conspicuous labeling as follows: Section 1, NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, for those jurisdictions that have not (a) The following statement should be printed in capital letters adopted a building code or fire code. at least 1/8 in. (3 mm) high and be underlined: WARNING: A.7.3.9 Fire safety and evacuation plans should be prepared by the owner or DANGEROUS EXPLOSIVE operator of the consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store in consultation (b) The remaining printed matter does not need to be printed in capital with the AHJ. letters, but the letters should be at least 1/8 in. (3 mm) high. A.7.3.10.1 NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic (c) The required statements should be printed in a color that contrasts Seating, Tents, and Membrane Structures, has been referenced for the purpose sharply with the background and should be printed within a of determining the requirements for the means of egress in tents and membrane borderline. structures except as modified by 7.3.10 of this standard for special requirements 2 2 for the retail sales of consumer fireworks. It should be noted that although 9.2.5 (d) The label should be at least 9 in. (58 cm ), unless the size of of NFPA 102 prohibits fireworks in any tent or temporary membrane structure, the shell is too small to accommodate a label of such size, in the intent is to prohibit the use, discharge, or ignition of fireworks within the which case the label should be reduced to a size no smaller than tent or temporary membrane structure since unauthorized open flames are also necessary. prohibited in the same section. Consumer fireworks in and of themselves do not A.5.2.2 Corresponding grades and brands of explosive materials should be pose an unusual fire hazard when they are stored or placed on display for retail stored together so that brand and grade markings are readily visible. All stock sales within a tent or temporary membrane structure unless they are actually should be stored so it can be easily counted and checked. ignited or discharged. Chapter 7 in this code contains several provisions that A.5.2.3 Where explosive materials are removed from the magazine for use, the specifically deal with how fireworks can be safely displayed or stored in tents or oldest stock should be used first. temporary membrane structures for the purpose of selling them at retail. Those requirements are an effort to minimize the fire hazard associated with such A.5.2.5 Open containers of explosive materials should be closed securely before fireworks. they are returned to a magazine. No container without a closed lid should be stored in a magazine. A.7.3.10.4.2 The purpose of 7.3.10.4.2 is to ensure that a readily available path of travel is provided to reach the required exits and that such travel can A.5.4.3 Net weight equals the net weight of all pyrotechnic and explosive occur under emergency conditions without significant impedance by the compositions and fuse only. For display fireworks, approximately 50 percent of aisle arrangement. In fact, cross-aisles are required to facilitate access to the gross weight of the fireworks equals the net weight of composition and fuse. alternate aisles and paths of travel in case an aisle or path of travel is blocked A.5.5.9 Tools, equipment,DRAFT supplies and documents can include, but not be by an incident. An example of how the requirements of 7.3.10.4.2 would limited to, empty cartons, packing materials, labels, marking pens, tape and be implemented for the design of an exit access aisle system in a consumer other shipping and receiving supplies, scales, carts, pallet jacks, pallets, crates, fireworks retail sales facility is shown in Figure A.7.3.10.4.2. conveyors and stands, box cutters or knives, dispensers, brooms, dustpans, bills of lading, shipping papers and documents, packing slips, orders, invoices, and inventory records. FIGURE A.7.3.10.4.2 Typical Design for Exit Access Aisle System in Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Facility. [Existing Figure A.7.8.5.3, 2003 A.6.1.1 Requirements for consumer fireworks stored in conjunction with the ed., no change] retail sales of consumer fireworks at a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store should be in accordance with Chapter 7, Retail Sales of Consumer A.7.3.11 Consumer fireworks sealed in packaging meeting U.S. DOT standards Fireworks. for shipping would not be considered to be on display. A.6.1.6 Devices that are lacking labeling, ornamentation, or bases are A.7.3.11.2 The ability to view the entire retail sales area is important for considered to be finished for the purposes of Chapter 6. several reasons. For employees, such visibility allows easier supervision of the customers and helps to minimize the possibility of malicious mischief, such A.6.2.7 The American Fireworks Safety Laboratory (AFSL) is an independent as the willful setting of fires in the fireworks merchandise displays. It also third party testing agency recognized by the Consumer Product Safety allows employees to quickly observe and respond to an incipient fire condition. Commission (CPSC) as an acceptable testing agency for consumer fireworks. Response might include the following: A.6.5.1 Where consumer fireworks storage buildings are subdivided with fire (1) Evacuation of the occupants walls meeting the requirements of NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, so that no area exceeds 12,000 ft2, an automatic sprinkler system (2) Notification of the local fire department is not required since each area is considered a separate building. (3) Initiation of a fire attack using the fire extinguishers in the facility, A.6.6 An approved fire apparatus access is generally considered to be a paved provided that the fire is still small enough 1124-58 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 developing fire condition and react accordingly. Exits and their corresponding Table A.7.1.1 Applicability of Chapter 7 to New and Existing paths of travel are more easily observed, thus minimizing panic and facilitating evacuation in a timely manner. Full visibility can be easily achieved by keeping the height of displays and displayed merchandise within the retail sales area CFRS Facilities and Stores below adult eye level. Where displays located around the perimeter of the retail Venue Type Application sales area don’t impact the ability to view the area, it is not necessary to limit Temporary Stand – Seasonal New Temporary Tent – Seasonal New their height. However, if it is desirable to have higher displays of merchandise Temporary Facility – Seasonal New within the retail sales area, equivalent means of achieving full visibility should Temporary Stores (including Bulk Retail) New be employed, such as the use of unobstructed surveillance mirrors strategically located throughout the sales area or the addition of more employees who can walk the sales floor and monitor the customers. – Seasonal Permanent Stand* A.7.3.11.3 Flame breaks can be constructed of any of the following: (1) Sheet steel – Year Round Existing (2) Sheet aluminum not less than 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) thick (3) Hardboard not less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick (4) Gypsum board not less than 3/8 in. (10 mm) thick – Seasonal Existing Permanent Stand† (5) Wood panels not less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick (6) Plywood not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) thick (7) Particleboard not less than 1/4 in. (6 mm) thick – Year Round New (8) Cement fiberboard (9) Plastic laminate not less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick – Seasonal New Permanent Tent* (10) Safety glass not less than 1/8 in. (3 mm) thick (11) Other approved material Where installed within a retail display fixture containing consumer fireworks, – Year Round Existing the flame break should impede or retard the rapid spread of an incipient fire involving the fireworks and their packaging materials as any of the following occurs: – Seasonal Existing Permanent Tent† (1) The fire progresses along a display level or shelf (2) The fire attacks another display level or shelf above (3) The fire attacks another display fixture abutting the display fixture of – Year Round New origin. As a result of installing flame breaks to impede fire spread, the quantity and rate of smoke production can be retarded as well. Thus, flame breaks can provide the – Seasonal New Permanent CFRS facility* building occupants with additional time to react to an incipient fire and safely evacuate the building. See Figure A.7.3.11.3.

– Year Round Existing FIGURE A.7.3.11.3 Flame Break Design. [Existing Figure A.7.10.3, 2003 ed., no change] – Seasonal Existing Permanent CFRS facility† A.7.3.11.3.4 The purpose of specifying packaged fireworks merchandise is to permit such merchandise to be used in longer lengths of displays of consumer fireworks without the installation of a flame break. It is presumed that packaged – Year Round New fireworks merchandise does not readily ignite when exposed to a fire developing within the retail display area merchandise and does not readily contribute to or accelerate a fire that might spread along the surface of a display. See – Seasonal New Figure A.7.3.11.3.4. Since the purpose of a flame break is to slow down the Permanent Store* rapid spread of a fire involving a retail display of consumer fireworks to allow occupants time to react and evacuate the immediate area, properly packaged fireworks merchandise can also serve the purpose of a flame break. For a – Year Round Existing description of packaged fireworks merchandise, see A.3.3.22, Covered Fuse.

FIGURE A.7.3.11.3.4 Packaged Fireworks Merchandise and Flame Break – Seasonal Existing Permanent Store† Requirements. [Existing Figure A.7.10.3.4, 2003 ed., no change]

DRAFTA.7.3.11.6 This section describes performance criteria for how aerial devices, – Year Round New which are described in C.3.1.2, are to be packaged, displayed, and restrained as needed depending upon the device and the manner in which it is packaged and displayed. Thus, upon ignition by a fire in the retail sales display area containing – Seasonal New devices, the resultant effect of the ejection of pyrotechnic components will be Note: Change in display or exit layout can require new permit based reasonably limited so as not to pose an undue threat to evacuating occupants or to cause rapid spread of the fire to areas remote from the immediate area of the fire. The method and manner of packaging and displaying aerial devices on local requirements. have been demonstrated to be effective in accomplishing the intent of this section. This performance criterion could also be met by enclosing consumer fireworks within bins. The packaging material itself can be designed to contain * – Sales conducted within 1 year prior to the effective date the consumer fireworks. The placement and arrangement of the aerial devices within the packages or within bins or on shelves are also important factors. Other containment methods include fastening aerial devices together, restraining

† their movement with packaging materials, or placing aerial devices or packages – Sales not conducted within 1 year prior to the effective date of aerial devices within racks, containers, holders, or other structures. A.7.3.11.7 Arrangement of horizontal plywood barriers should be as shown in CFRS facility – consumer fireworks retail sales facility Figure A.7.3.11.7.

For the customers, such visibility allows them also to quickly see a 1124-59 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 FIGURE A.7.3.11.7 Arrangement of Horizontal Barrier Separating (a) A first intermediate layer of 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood Combustible Materials and Consumer Fireworks. [Existing Figure A.7.10.7, (b) A second intermediate layer of 3 5/8 in. (92.1 mm), well-tamped, 2003 ed., no change] dry sand or sand/cement mixture A.7.3.16 Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for additional (c) A third intermediate layer of 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood information. (d) A fourth intermediate layer of 2 in. (51 mm) hardwood or 14- A.7.3.17 Training might be required by the U.S. Department of Transportation gauge steel or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration as applicable for the purpose of being employed in the operation of a consumer fireworks retail sales (3) Intermediate 6 in. (152.4 mm) space filled with well-tamped, dry sand or or storage facility. sand/cement mixture A.7.4.6.1 See A.6.6. B.4 Masonry Exterior. The masonry exterior of a magazine should be constructed of one of the following: A.7.4.9.2.4 See NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, for the separation distances. (1) Standard 8 in. (203.2 mm) concrete block with voids filled with well- tamped, dry sand or sand/cement mixture A.7.5.1.2(3) This item describes performance criteria for how consumer fireworks displayed for sale in stores are to be packaged and displayed and (2) Standard 8 in. (203.2 mm) solid brick restrained as needed, depending upon the device and the manner in which (3) Solid concrete of 8 in. (203.2 mm) it is packaged and displayed. Thus, upon ignition by a fire in the retail sales (4) Two layers of 4 in. (101.6 mm) concrete block display area containing consumer fireworks, the resultant effect of the ejection of pyrotechnic components will be reasonably limited so as not to pose an Annex C Extract from American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1, undue threat to evacuating occupants or to cause rapid spread of the fire to Standard for Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks areas remote from the immediate area of the fire. The method and manner of This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is packaging and displaying consumer fireworks have been demonstrated to be included for informational purposes only. effective in accomplishing the intent of this section. The performance criteria might also be met by enclosing consumer fireworks within bins. The packaging C.1 Introduction. Paragraphs in this annex that apply to approval by the U.S. material itself can be designed to contain the consumer fireworks. The Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) for transportation of fireworks are placement and arrangement of the consumer fireworks within the packages or indicated by a dagger [†] at the end of the appropriate paragraphs. within bins or on shelves are also important factors. Other containment methods C.1.1 This annex provides manufacturers, importers, and distributors of include fastening consumer fireworks together, restraining their movement with fireworks and novelties information to assist them in manufacturing, testing, packaging materials, or placing consumer fireworks or packages of consumer shipping, and labeling the products of the fireworks industry in accordance with fireworks within racks, containers, holders, or other structures. applicable federal laws and current good manufacturing practices. [†] Annex B Magazine Construction C.1.2 The information in this annex should enable manufacturers, importers, This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is and distributors of fireworks and novelties to provide their customers with included for informational purposes only. products that can be transported and used safely and without unreasonable risk. B.1 General. Magazines constructed in accordance with the following C.1.3 Fireworks and novelties are not acceptable for transportation within the minimum specifications are approved as bullet resistant. All steel and wood jurisdiction of the United States unless they are classed, packaged, labeled, dimensions are actual thickness; concrete block and brick dimensions are and marked and are in proper condition for shipment in accordance with the nominal. U.S. DOT regulations in 49 CFR. See Section C.5 of this annex for further discussion. [†] B.2 Steel Exterior. The steel exterior of a magazine should be constructed of one of the following: C.1.4 Consumer fireworks (fireworks classed as 1.4G and 1.4S, formerly Common Fireworks) and novelties are not acceptable for sale to the public (1) 5/8 in. (16 mm) steel with an interior lining of nonsparking material unless they are manufactured, labeled, and sold in conformance with the (2) 1/2 in. (13 mm) steel with an interior lining of at least 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) regulations of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) plywood published in 16 CFR. See Section C.3 of this annex for further discussion. (3) 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) steel lined with one of the following materials: (Note that Consumer fireworks are normally classed as 1.4G but can be classed by U.S. DOT as 1.4S on the basis of specific test results.) (a) 2 in. (51 mm) hardwood United States laws and regulations prescribe mandatory requirements that (b) 3 in. (76.2 mm) softwood C.1.5 a person must follow in order to market certain products. In these instances, (c) 2 in. (57.2 mm) plywood failure to comply can be regarded by courts as negligence per se in product (4) 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) steel lined with one of the following materials: liability litigation. (a) 3 in. (76.2 mm) hardwood C.1.6 This annex applies to fireworks devices and novelties for entertainment purposes. [†] (b) 5 in. (127 mm) softwood C.2 Definitions. (c) 5 1/4 in. (133.4 mm) plywood C.2.1 Approval. For purposes of this annex, approval means the assignment of (d) 1 1/2 in. (38.1 mm) plywood with an intermediate layer of 2 in. (51 proper hazard class, EX number, and proper shipping name by the U.S. DOT so mm) of hardwood that fireworks and novelties can be transported under conditions specified in 49 (5) 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) steel lined with one of the following materials: CFR. See Section C.5 of this annex for details. [†] (a) 4 in. (101.6 mm) hardwood C.2.2 Black Match. A fuse made from thread impregnated with Black Powder (b) 7 in. (177.8 mm) softwood and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices. Black match is classed as 1.3G and described as “Fuse, Instantaneous, non-detonating UN0101” or “Quick match (c) 6 3/4DRAFT in. (171.5 mm) plywood UN0101.” [†] (d) 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood with an intermediate layer of 3 in. (76.2 C.2.3 Blowout. The unintended release of a pressure effect from other than mm) of hardwood the intended orifice of a fireworks device. Examples include expulsion of the (6) 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) steel lined with one of the following materials: bottom plug of a roman candle, expulsion of the clay choke of a fountain, or the rupturing of the wall of a mine or shell. [†] (a) 5 in. (127 mm) hardwood C.2.4 Burnout. The unintended escape of flame through the wall of a (b) 9 in. (228.6 mm) softwood pyrotechnic chamber during functioning of a fireworks device. [†] (c) 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood with an intermediate layer of 4 in. C.2.5 Chemical Composition. All pyrotechnic and explosive composition (101.6 mm) of hardwood contained in a fireworks device. Inert materials such as clay used for plugs, or (d) Two layers of 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood with an intermediate organic matter such as rice hulls used for density control, are not considered to layer of 3 5/8 in. (92.1 mm), well-tamped, dry sand or sand/cement be chemical composition. [†] mixture C.2.5.1 Explosive Composition. Any chemical compound or mixture, the B.3 Fire-Resistant Exterior. The exterior of any type of fire-resistant material primary purpose of which is to function by explosion, producing an audible in a magazine should include one of the following to be considered structurally effect in a fireworks device. [†] sound: C.2.5.2 Pyrotechnic Composition. A chemical mixture that on burning and (1) Interior lining of 1/2 in. (13 mm) plywood placed securely against an without explosion produces visible or brilliant displays or bright lights, or intermediate 4 in. (101.6 mm) thick layer of solid concrete block, solid whistles or motion. [†] brick, or solid concrete C.2.6 Fireworks. Any device, other than a novelty, intended to produce (2) Interior lining of 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) plywood and all of the following: visible or audible effects, or both, by combustion, deflagration, or detonation. 1124-60 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 Fireworks are further described as “Fireworks UN0336” or “Fireworks the public and emergency personnel of the hazardous nature of the cargo, as UN0337” (formerly Common Fireworks and now referred to in this document specified in 49 CFR, Part 172. [†] as Consumer Fireworks), “Forbidden Fireworks,” or “Fireworks UN0335” C.2.11 Quick Match (Instantaneous Fuse). Black match that is encased in (formerly Special Fireworks and now referred to in this document as Display a loose-fitting paper sheath to make it burn extremely rapidly. Quick match is Fireworks). [†] used for aerial shells and for simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic (Note that propelling and expelling charges consisting of a mixture of sulfur, devices, such as lances in a ground display piece. Quick match is classed as charcoal, and saltpeter are not considered as designed to produce audible 1.3G and described as “Fuse, instantaneous, non-detonating” or “Quick match,” effects.) and assigned identification number “UN0101.” [†] C.2.6.1 Consumer Fireworks (formerly Common Fireworks). Any fireworks C.2.12 Safety Fuse. A fuse consisting of a thread-wrapped Black Powder train device for use by the public that complies with the construction, performance, that has been coated with a water-resistant material. Such fuse is typically 3/32 composition, and labeling requirements promulgated by the U.S. Consumer in. (2.4 mm) in outside diameter and frequently green in color. Safety Fuse is Product Safety Commission (CPSC) in 16 CFR, in addition to any limits and described as “Fuse, Safety UN0105” and classed as 1.4S. [†] other requirements of this document. See Section C.3 of this annex for details. C.3 Requirements for Consumer Fireworks, Novelties, and Theatrical [†] Pyrotechnics. Devices in this category, formerly classed as Class C Explosive, C.2.6.2 Display Fireworks (formerly Special Fireworks). Fireworks devices Common Fireworks, are now classed as “Fireworks 1.4G” under the UN primarily intended for commercial displays that are designed to produce system, and referred to in this document as Consumer Fireworks. visible or audible effects, or both, by combustion, deflagration, or detonation, Devices intended for nonconsumer use in the entertainment industry that including, but not limited to, salutes containing more than 2 grains (130 mg) meet the chemical composition requirements of this annex can be classed as of explosive composition; aerial shells containing more than 1.4 oz (40 g) of 1.4G and described as “Article, Pyrotechnic UN0431” under the provisions of chemical composition exclusive of lift charge; and other exhibition display this document but are not required to comply with the fuse, construction, and items that exceed the limits contained in this document for consumer fireworks. labeling requirements of this annex. Certain devices intended for signaling, illuminating, and incendiary purposes and formerly classed as Special Fireworks no longer fall into this fireworks C.3.1 Types of Consumer Fireworks. The following fireworks devices are category. See Section C.4 of this annex for details. [†] subject to the requirements of Section C.3 of this annex. [†] C.2.6.3 Theatrical Pyrotechnics. Pyrotechnic devices for professional use C.3.1.1 Ground and Hand-Held Sparkling and Smoke Devices. in the entertainment industry similar to consumer fireworks in chemical C.3.1.1.1 Cylindrical Fountain. Cylindrical tube containing not more than composition and construction but not intended for consumer use. Such articles 2.6 oz (75 g) of pyrotechnic composition. Upon ignition, a shower of colored meeting the weight limits for consumer fireworks but not labeled as such and sparks, and sometimes a whistling effect or smoke, is produced. This device containing only chemicals shown in Table C.2.6.3 can be approved under the can be provided with a spike for insertion into the ground (Spike Fountain), a provisions of this document and classified as “Article, Pyrotechnic, 1.4G, wood or plastic base for placing on the ground (Base Fountain), or a wood or UN0431.” [†] cardboard handle to be hand-held (Handle Fountain). Where more than one tube is mounted on a common base, total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed 7.1 Table C.2.6.3 Prohibited Chemicals for Consumer Fireworks oz (200 g). Arsenic sulfide, arsenates, or arsenites Boron C.3.1.1.2 Cone Fountain. Cardboard or heavy paper cone containing not more Chlorates, except: In colored smoke mixtures in which an equal or greater weight of than 1.8 oz (50 g) of pyrotechnic composition. The effect is the same as that of a cylindrical fountain. Where more than one cone is mounted on a common base, total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed 7.1 oz (200 g). [†] sodium bicarbonate is included C.3.1.1.3 Illuminating Torch. Cylindrical tube containing not more than 3.5 oz In party poppers In those small items (such as ground spinners) wherein the total (100 g) of pyrotechnic composition that produces a colored flame upon ignition. Can be spike, base, or hand-held. Where more than one tube is mounted on a common base, total pyrotechnic composition cannot exceed 7.1 oz (200 g). [†] powder content does not exceed 4 g (0.14 oz) of which not greater C.3.1.1.4 Wheel. Pyrotechnic device intended to be attached to a post or tree by means of a nail or string. Can have one or more drivers, each of which can contain not more than 2.1 oz (60 g) of pyrotechnic composition. No wheel can than 15 percent or 600 mg (9.3 grains) is potassium, sodium, or contain more than 7.1 oz (200 g) total pyrotechnic composition. Upon ignition, the wheel revolves, producing a shower of color and sparks and, sometimes, a barium chlorate whistling effect. [†] In firecrackers In toy caps C.3.1.1.5 Ground Spinner. Small device containing not more than 0.7 oz (20 Gallates or gallic acid g) of pyrotechnic composition, venting out an orifice usually on the side of Magnesium (magnesium/aluminum alloys, called magnalium, are per- the tube. Similar in operation to a wheel but intended to be placed flat on the ground and ignited. A shower of sparks and color is produced by the rapidly spinning device. [†] mitted) Mercury salts C.3.1.1.6 Flitter Sparkler. Narrow paper tube attached to a stick or wire and Phosphorus (red or white), except that red phosphorus is permissible filled with not more than 0.2 oz (5 g) of pyrotechnic composition that produces color and sparks upon ignition. The paper at one end of the tube is ignited to make the device function. [†] in caps and party poppers Picrates or picric acid C.3.1.1.7 Toy Smoke Device. Small plastic or paper item containing not more Thiocyanates Titanium, except in particle size greater than 100 mesh than 3.5 oz (100 g) pyrotechnic composition that, upon ignition, produces white Zirconium or colored smoke as the primary effect. (These devices, where complying with (Note that theatricalDRAFT pyrotechnics devices can be classed as “Article, the provisions of this annex, are classed as 1.4G unless classed as 1.4S or not Pyrotechnic, 1.4S, UN0432” by U.S. DOT on the basis of specific test results.) regulated as an explosive by U.S. DOT on the basis of specific test results.) [†] C.2.7 Labeling. A display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon a C.3.1.2 Aerial Devices. fireworks device(s) or upon the immediate container of any such device(s), or C.3.1.2.1 Sky Rockets and Bottle Rockets. Cylindrical tube containing not both. Included are diamond-shaped labels required by U.S. DOT to be displayed more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of chemical composition with a wooden stick attached on outside packaging for transportation purposes. The term also includes any for guidance and stability. Rockets rise into the air upon ignition. A burst of identification, cautions, and other information required by this document or by color or sound, or both, can be produced at or near the height of flight. [†] any federal government agency. [†] C.3.1.2.2 Missile-Type Rocket. A device similar to a sky rocket in size, C.2.8 Marking. The application of the proper shipping name, identification composition, and effect that uses fins rather than a stick for guidance and number (UN number), instructions, cautions, weight, or specification mark or stability. Missiles do not contain more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of total chemical combination thereof to a package of hazardous material. Marking also includes composition. [†] any required specification mark on the inside or outside of a shipping container. [†] C.3.1.2.3 Aerial Spinner Helicopter. A tube containing not more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of chemical composition, with a propeller or blade attached. Upon C.2.9 Novelty. A device containing small amounts of pyrotechnic or explosive ignition, the rapidly spinning device rises into the air. A visible or audible effect composition, or both, but not described as consumer fireworks. Such devices can be produced at or near the height of flight. [†] produce limited visible or audible effects. These items shall be classed as 1.4G, unless classed as 1.4S or deregulated as a hazardous material by U.S. DOT on C.3.1.2.4 Roman Candle. Heavy paper or cardboard tube containing not more the basis of specific test results. [†] than 0.7 oz (20 g) of chemical composition. Upon ignition, “stars” (pellets of pressed pyrotechnic composition that burn with bright color) are individually C.2.10 Placard. A warning symbol of a square-on-point configuration mounted expelled. [†]C.3.1.2.5 Shell Mine. Heavy cardboard or paper tube usually on each side and each end of a truck, rail car, or freight container that informs attached to a wooden or plastic base and containing not more than 1.4 oz (40 g) 1124-61 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 of chemical composition plus not more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of “lift” charge [the but not more than 6 seconds before ignition of the device, except that fuse for part that actually lifts the aerial effect(s) into the air] per tube. Upon ignition, roman candles or similar devices requiring a longer fuse for safe functioning “stars” (see C.3.1.2.4), components producing reports containing up to 2 grains can burn up to 12 seconds before ignition of the device. (130 mg) of explosive composition per report (see C.3.1.3.1), or other devices C.3.5.1.3 The fuse needs to be securely attached, so that it will support either are propelled into the air. A mine can contain more than one tube, provided the weight of the device plus 8 oz (227 g) of dead weight or double the weight the tubes fire in sequence upon ignition of one external fuse. Total chemical of the device, whichever is less, without separation from the fireworks device. composition including lift charges of any multiple tube device cannot exceed 7.1 oz (200 g). [†] C.3.5.2 Construction. C.3.1.3 Audible Ground Devices. C.3.5.2.1 Bases. Each fireworks device that requires a base needs to utilize a base of wood or plastic (preferably nonbrittle, medium-impact polystyrene). C.3.1.3.1 Firecracker. Small, paper-wrapped or cardboard tube containing not The minimum horizontal dimension or the diameter of the base needs to be more than 0.8 grains (50 mg) of explosive composition, except that those used equal to at least one-third the height of the device (excluding any protruding in aerial devices can contain up to 2 grains (130 mg) of explosive composition fuse), unless the device remains upright when subjected to a tilt of 12 degrees per report. Upon ignition, noise and a flash of light are produced. [†] from the horizontal. Bases are to remain firmly attached to the item during (Note that firecrackers are not subject to the requirements of fuse in C.3.5.1 and transportation, handling, and normal operation. chemicals in C.3.6.1 of this annex.) See APA 87-1, Annex B, for method of measuring. C.3.1.3.2 Chaser. Paper or cardboard tube venting out the fuse end of the tube C.3.5.2.2 Sticks. The stick on a rocket (including skyrockets and bottle containing not more than 0.7 oz (20 g) of chemical composition. The device rockets), and on other fireworks devices that utilize a stick, is to be firmly travels along the ground upon ignition. A whistling effect or other noise is attached to the body of the device by means of glue, staples, or wire, and is to often produced. Explosive composition can be included to produce a report but be secure enough to remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, and cannot exceed 0.8 grains (50 mg). normal operation. Sticks are to be rigid and of such length so as to assure stable C.3.2 Types of Novelties. The following devices are classed as Fireworks 1.4G flight. The maximum curvature of such stick(s) cannot exceed 1 in. (25 mm). and described as Fireworks UN0336 unless they are classed as 1.4S or not See APA 87-1, Annex B, for method of testing rigidity. regulated as hazardous materials based on specific test results. These devices that are not regulated are not considered to be consumer fireworks. [†] C.3.5.2.3 Handles. Each fireworks device that is intended to be hand-held and is so marked is to incorporate a handle at least 4 in. (101 mm) in length. C.3.2.1 Party Popper. Small plastic or paper item containing not more than Handles are to remain firmly attached during transportation, handling, and 0.25 grains (16 mg) of explosive composition that is friction sensitive. A string normal operation of the device, or are to consist of an integral section of the protruding from the device is usually pulled to ignite it. This item expels device extending at least 4 in. (101 mm) below the pyrotechnic chamber, except nonflammable paper streamers or other nonflammable novelties, or both, and that sparklers 10 in. (253 mm) or less in length shall have handles at least 3 in. produces a small report. [†] (76 mm) in length. C.3.2.2 Snapper. Small, paper-wrapped item containing not more than 0.02 C.3.5.2.4 Spikes. Spikes that constitute an integral part of a fireworks device grains (1 mg) of explosive composition coated on small bits of sand, and are to protrude at least 2 in. (51 mm) from the base of the device and are to have packaged with sawdust in individual containers of not more than 50 units. When a blunt tip not less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) in diameter or 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) square. dropped, the device explodes, producing a small report. [†] C.3.5.2.5 Pyrotechnic Chamber. The pyrotechnic chamber in a fireworks C.3.2.3 Glow Worm Snake. Pressed pellet of not more than 0.07 oz (2 g) of device that functions other than by exploding needs to be of sufficient thickness pyrotechnic composition and packaged in retail packages of not more than 25 and rigidity to allow normal functioning of the device without burnout or units that produces as the primary effect a snake-like ash upon burning. The blowout. The chamber also needs to be constructed and sealed to prevent ash expands in length as the pellet burns. (These devices are not regulated for leakage of the pyrotechnic composition during transportation, handling, and transportation purposes.) [†] normal operation. [†] C.3.2.4 Sparkler. Wire or stick coated with pyrotechnic composition, that C.3.5.2.6 Wings. Wings on helicopter-type rockets and similar devices cannot exceed 3.5 oz (100 g) per item, that produces a shower of sparks upon need to be securely attached to the body by means of gluing, wiring, or ignition. These items cannot contain magnesium, except that magnalium other appropriate means so that they will remain firmly attached during (magnesium-aluminum alloy) is permitted. Items containing any chlorate or transportation, handling, and normal operation. perchlorate salts cannot exceed 0.2 oz (5 g) of composition per item. (These items are not regulated as explosives for transportation purposes. However, C.3.5.2.7 Wheel Devices. Each wheel device needs to be constructed so that the some meet the criteria for flammable solids.) [†] driver(s), motor(s), and axle(s), where needed (i.e., on wheel devices intended to operate in a fixed location), remain securely attached to the device during C.3.2.5 Toy Caps. Toy plastic or paper caps for toy pistols in sheets, strips, transportation, handling, and normal operation. rolls, or individual caps, containing not more than an average of 16 mg (0.25 grains) of explosive composition per cap. Toy caps are described as “Fireworks C.3.5.2.8 Aerial Devices. Each device intended to produce a visible or audible UN0336” and classed as 1.4G. Toy caps are to be packed in inside packages effect high in the air needs to be designed to produce the effect at or near the constructed of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. (0.33 mm) in thickness, metal apogee of its flight. not less than 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) in thickness, noncombustible plastic not less C.3.5.2.9 Smoke Devices. Each smoke device needs to be constructed so that than 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) in thickness, or a composite blister package consisting it will neither burst nor produce excessive flame (excluding fuse and small but of cardboard not less than 0.013 in. (0.33 mm) in thickness, and noncombustible brief bursts of flame accompanying normal smoke production). Smoke devices plastic not less than 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in thickness, which are to provide cannot contain plastic in direct contact with the pyrotechnic composition, nor a complete enclosure. The minimum dimensions of each side or end of such can smoke devices resemble, in color and configuration, banned fireworks package are to be not less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) in height. The number of caps devices, such as M80 salutes, cherry bombs, or silver salutes. in these inside packages is to be limited so that no more than 10 grains (650 C.3.6 Prohibited Chemicals and Components. mg) of the explosive composition of toy caps are to be packed in any inside container. These inner containers are to be packed in outside containers meeting C.3.6.1 Prohibited Chemicals. Consumer fireworks devices offered or the requirements specified in C.5.3.1 of this annex. [†] intended for sale to the public cannot contain a chemical enumerated in Table DRAFTC.3.6.1, except for trace amounts as impurities, and except as specified therein. C.3.2.6 Other Novelties. Devices intended to produce unique visual or audible [†] effects and containing 0.8 grains (50 mg) or less of explosive composition and limited amounts of other pyrotechnic composition. Examples include cigarette [Note that display fireworks and theatrical pyrotechnics(see C.2.6.3) are not loads, trick matches, explosive auto alarms, and other trick noise makers. [†] subject to the provisions of this annex.] C.3.3 Other Devices. Any device producing unique pyrotechnic or explosive C.3.6.2 Prohibited Components. No component of any consumer fireworks effects or combinations of effects not enumerated in Section C.3 of this annex. device or novelty can, upon functioning, project or disperse any metal, glass, or [†] brittle plastic fragments. [†] C.3.4 Combination Items. Fireworks devices intended to produce more than C.3.6.3 Forbidden Explosive Devices. Any explosive device intended for sale one of the effects described in Section C.3 of this annex, and that contain not to the public that produces an audible effect (other than a whistle) by a charge more than 7.1 oz (200 g) of total chemical composition. [†] of more than 2 grains (130 mg) of explosive composition per report. Devices obtained for bona fide pest control purposes in accordance with regulations C.3.5 Specific Requirements. promulgated by CPSC in 16 CFR, are not forbidden. C.3.5.1 Fuse. For transportation purposes, the term forbidden explosive devices also includes C.3.5.1.1 Only safety fuse or other fuse that has been protected to resist side mixtures or devices containing a chlorate and an ammonium salt or an acidic ignition can be used in devices subject to the requirements of this annex. metal salt, devices that contain yellow or white phosphorus, devices that See APA 87-1, Annex B, for method of measuring resistance to side ignition. combine an explosive and a detonator or blasting cap, and any device that has Devices, such as ground spinners, that require a restricted orifice for proper not been approved by the U.S. DOT. [†] functioning and that contain less than 0.2 oz (6 g) of pyrotechnic composition C.3.7 Approval. All consumer fireworks (Fireworks UN0336), novelties, and are not subject to the requirements of C.3.5.1.1. theatrical pyrotechnics offered for transportation in the United States should be C.3.5.1.2 The fuse needs to be of sufficient length to burn at least 3 seconds 1124-62 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 classified and approved for transportation purposes by the DOT, in accordance with the following procedure. [†] C.3.7.2 Consumer fireworks devices and theatrical pyrotechnics containing any C.3.7.1 Fireworks and novelties containing only mixtures of chemicals chemical not specified in Table C.3.7.1, but none of the chemicals prohibited by specified in Table C.3.7.1 but none of the chemicals prohibited by C.3.6. For C.3.6. For each item for which approval is sought, the manufacturer needs to each item for which approval is sought, manufacturers need to submit a copy of submit a sample of each device to the Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, the Approval Application (see APA 87-1, Annex D) to the U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT or other pyrotechnic laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT (such as a recognized can issue an approval for the device as 1.4G based on the information contained competent authority for fireworks manufactured abroad) for examination and in the form or, at its option, can require pyrotechnic laboratory examination by thermal stability testing. The manufacturer needs to then submit a fireworks the Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other pyrotechnic laboratory Approval Application (see APA 87-1, Annex D) together with the appropriate acceptable to U.S. DOT. [†] pyrotechnic laboratory reports to U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT can then issue approval based on the information contained in the application and accompanying pyrotechnic laboratory reports. [†] C.3.7.3 Theatrical pyrotechnics containing only mixtures of chemicals specified in Table C.3.7.1. For each item for which approval is sought, manufacturers Table C.3.7.1 Standard Fireworks Chemicals need to submit a copy of the Approval Application (see APA 87-1, Annex D) to Chemical Typical Use the U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT can issue an approval for the device as 1.4G based on Aluminum Fuel the information contained in the form or, at its option, can require pyrotechnic Ammonium perchlorate Oxygen donor laboratory examination by the Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other Antimony Fuel Antimony sulfide Fuel pyrotechnic laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [†] Barium carbonate Neutralizer Barium nitrate Oxygen donor C.3.7.4 If classification other than as 1.4G is sought, the U.S. DOT approval Barium sulfate Oxygen donor procedure in 49 CFR, 173.56(b)(1) needs to be followed. This includes Boric acid Neutralizer obtaining a pyrotechnic laboratory report from the Bureau of Explosives or Calcium carbonate Neutralizer Calcium sulfate Oxygen donor other pyrotechnic laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [†] Carbon or charcoal Fuel Copper metal Color agent C.3.8 Marking and Labeling. Fireworks intended for consumer sale and Copper oxide Oxygen donor, color agent use need to be labeled in conformance with the requirements of the Federal Copper salts (except copper chlo- Color agent Hazardous Substances Act and regulations promulgated thereunder in 16 CFR, Part 1500. All outside packaging containing fireworks must be marked and labeled in conformance with 49 CFR, Part 172. See APA 87-1, Annex C, and rate) Dextrine Fuel/binder Section C.5 of this annex for details and examples. [†] Hexamethylenenetetramine (hex- Fuel C.4 Requirements for Display Fireworks Devices. Devices in this category, formerly classed as Class B Explosives, Special Fireworks, are now classed as 1.3G under the UN system and referred to in this annex as Display Fireworks. amine) Iron and iron alloys (e.g., ferro/ Fuel C.4.1 Types of Display Fireworks Devices. The following fireworks devices are subject to the requirements of Section C.4 of this annex. [†] titanium) C.4.1.1 Aerial Shell. A cylindrical or spherical cartridge containing chemical Iron oxide Oxygen donor composition exceeding 1.4 oz (40 g) in weight or explosive composition Magnalium (magnesium/aluminum) Fuel exceeding 2 grains (130 mg) per report, and a Black Powder propelling charge Magnesium (in display fireworks Fuel (lift charge). Shells are most commonly 3 in. to 6 in. (76 mm to 152 mm) in diameter and are fired from metal or heavy cardboard tubes. Upon firing, the and theatrical pyrotechnics only) lift charge is consumed and the cartridge is expelled into the air. A pyrotechnic Magnesium carbonate Neutralizer effect is produced near the apogee of flight. Magnesium sulfate Oxygen donor Nitrocellulose-based lacquers Binder C.4.1.2 Salute. Paper-wrapped or cardboard tube containing explosive Phosphorus, red (only as provided Fuel composition in excess of 2 grains (130 mg). Upon ignition, noise and a flash of light are produced. [†] in Table C.2.6.3) C.4.1.3 Other Fireworks Devices. Potassium or sodium benzoate Whistle Potassium bichromate Oxygen donor C.4.1.3.1 Where the quantity of explosive or pyrotechnic composition, or both, (potassium dichromate)(not to exceeds the limit for inclusion in the “Fireworks UN0336” category, devices enumerated in C.3.1 are classed as 1.3G and described as “Fireworks UN0335” (formerly described as Special Fireworks, and classed as “Class B Explosives”). exceed 5% of formulation) This includes multiple tube devices containing more than 7.1 oz (200 g) of total Potassium chlorate (only as pro- Oxygen donor chemical composition. [†] C.4.1.3.2 Certain devices intended for signaling, illuminating, and incendiary vided in Table C.2.6.3) purposes such as railway torpedoes, airplane flares, illuminating projectiles, Potassium hydrogen phthalate Whistle incendiary and smoke projectiles, and flash cartridges, formerly described as Potassium nitrate Oxygen donor Potassium perchlorate Oxygen donor Special Fireworks, no longer fall into the “Fireworks” category under the U.S. Potassium sulfate Oxygen donor DOT regulations effective on October 1, 1991, and are not part of this annex. Sodium bicarbonate (sodium Neutralizer [†] C.4.2 Construction of Aerial Shells. hydrogen carbonate) C.4.2.1 Each shell is to be identified only in terms of the inside diameter (and Sodium nitrateDRAFTOxygen donor Sodium salicylate Whistle not the circumference) of the mortar in which it can be safely used. [e.g., 3 in. Sodium salts (except sodium Color agent (76 mm) shells are only for use in 3 in. (76 mm) mortars]. C.4.2.2 Each shell needs to be constructed so that the difference between the chlorate) inside diameter of the mortar in which it can be safely used and the outside Sodium sulphate Oxygen donor diameter of the shell is no less than 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) and no more than 1/4 in. Strontium carbonate Color agent (6.4 mm) for shells not exceeding 3 in. (76 mm) or 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) for shells Strontium nitrate Oxygen donor Strontium salts (except strontium Color agent larger than 3 in. (76 mm). C.4.2.3 Each shell needs to be marked with the type of shell, the diameter measurement, and the name of the manufacturer or distributor. chlorate) Strontium sulfate Oxygen donor C.4.2.4 The length of the internal delay fuse and the amount of lift charge needs Sulfur Fuel to be sized to ensure proper functioning of the shell in its mortar. Quick match Titanium (particle size >100 mesh Fuel fuse, if required, needs to be long enough to allow not less than 6 in. (152 mm) of fuse to protrude from the mortar after the shell is properly inserted. if 1.4G or 1.4S Fireworks) C.4.2.5 The length of exposed black match on a shell cannot be less than 3 in. (76 mm) and the fuse is not to be folded or doubled back under the safety cap. Also, the time delay between ignition of the tip of the exposed black match and ignition of the lift charge cannot be less than 3 seconds to allow the operator to retreat safely. C.4.2.6 A safety cap needs to be installed over the exposed end of the fuse. The 1124-63 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 safety cap needs to be of a different color than that used for the paper of the required. Until October 1, 1994, transport vehicles and freight containers were fuse. placarded with the old placards (i.e., “Class B Explosive” or “Dangerous” C.4.3 Approval. Prior to being offered for transportation in the United States, placard), and these placards can be used for domestic highway transportation all display fireworks (“Fireworks 1.3G”) need to be classified and approved by only until October 1, 2001. [†] U.S. DOT in accordance with the following procedures. [†] C.5.5 Package Marking and Labeling. Each person who offers fireworks for C.4.3.1 Devices Containing Only Mixtures of Chemicals Specified in Table transportation needs to ensure that the package displays the appropriate square- C.4.3.1. The manufacturer needs to submit a copy of the Approval Application on-point label [49 CFR, Parts 172.400(a) and 172.411]. Consumer fireworks, (see APA 87-1, Annex D) to U.S. DOT for any item that has not previously been toy smoke devices, and trick noise makers are either classed as 1.4G, 1.4S, or approved by U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT can issue an approval for the device based on not regulated for transportation purposes, and display fireworks are classed as the information contained in the form or, at its option, can require pyrotechnic 1.3G (49 CFR, Part 172.101). The label needs to be printed or affixed to the laboratory examination by the Bureau of Explosives, Bureau of Mines, or other surface of the package near the proper shipping name and identification number, pyrotechnic laboratory acceptable to U.S. DOT. [†] which are also required to appear on the package [49 CFR, Part 172.301(a)]. [†] C.4.3.2 Devices Containing any Chemical not Specified in Table C.3.7.1. C.5.6 Shipping Papers. Each person who offers a fireworks device or For each item for which approval is sought, the manufacturer needs to submit novelty for transportation needs to describe the item on a shipping paper. The a sample of each pyrotechnic mixture containing any chemical not specified description needs to include the proper shipping name (49 CFR, Part 172.101 in Table C.3.7.1 to the Bureau of Explosives or other pyrotechnic laboratory Table, Col. 2), the hazard class of the material, the identification number (Col. acceptable to U.S. DOT for examination. The manufacturer then submits an 4), the packing group (Col. 5), and the total quantity covered by the description Approval Application (see APA 87-1, Annex D), together with the appropriate [49 CFR, Part 172.202(a)]. Consumer fireworks (common fireworks) would be pyrotechnic laboratory reports to U.S. DOT. U.S. DOT can then issue approval described as follows: “Fireworks, 1.4G, UN 0336, PG II.” Display fireworks based on the information contained in the application and accompanying (special fireworks) would be described as “Fireworks, 1.3G, UN 0335, PG II.” pyrotechnic laboratory report(s). In addition, the shipper needs to certify that the shipment is properly classified, marked, and labeled [49 CFR, Part 172.204(a)]. [†] Miscellaneous Compounds: (Note that EX numbers also are to appear on shipping papers unless they are Organic compounds [compounds such as lactose, shellac, red gum, marked on each shipping carton.) chlorinated paraffin, and polyvinyl chloride, consisting of some combination of carbon with hydrogen, oxygen, or chlorine, or all three; nitrogen can be present C.6 References. if it accounts for less than 10 percent (by weight) of the compound]. C.6.1 49 CFR, Parts 171 to 180, U.S. Department of Transportation, can be [Note that exact chemical identity of each organic compound is to be included obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing when submitting an Approval Application (see APA 87-1, Annex D) to U.S. Office, Washington, DC 20402, or as republished by the Bureau of Explosives DOT.] [†] as “Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation,” available from the Association of American Railroads, 50 F Street, NW, C.5 Shipping Requirements. Washington, DC 20001. [†] C.5.1 Transportation Regulating Authorities. Transportation of fireworks is C.6.2 16 CFR, Parts 1000 to End, Consumer Product Safety Commission, can regulated by the United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT). Some be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing states and municipalities also regulate transportation of fireworks through their Office, Washington, DC 20402. Extracts of these regulations pertaining to jurisdiction, often by incorporation of federal regulations. [†] fireworks can be obtained only from the American Pyrotechnics Association. C.5.2 Approval. Except for samples prepared in accordance with U.S. DOT Annex D Glossary regulations, no fireworks device or novelty can be offered for transportation or be transported until it is classed and approved by U.S. DOT, and an approval This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is number (EX number) is issued (49 CFR, Part 173.86). (See Sections C.3 and included for informational purposes only. C.4 of this annex and APA 87-1, Annex D.) [†] D.1 General. The following terms are not necessarily inclusive of all the terms C.5.2.1 EX numbers for fireworks contained in a shipping carton need to be used in the pyrotechnic special effects industry. marked on the shipping carton or on the shipping paper. [†] D.1.1 Alternating Current (AC). An electrical current that reverses direction C.5.2.2 Cartons containing more than 5 different fireworks devices need to be in a circuit at regular intervals and most frequently supplied from wall outlets marked with at least 5 of the EX numbers covering items in the carton, or the or sockets. EX numbers need to appear on the shipping paper [49 CFR, Parts 172.320(c) D.1.2 Black Match. A fuse made from thread impregnated with Black Powder and (d)]. [†] and used for igniting pyrotechnic devices. C.5.3 Packaging. With certain exceptions, “Fireworks UN0335” (formerly D.1.3 Blank Cartridge. A cartridge constructed from a cartridge case equipped Special Fireworks), “Fireworks UN0336” (formerly Common Fireworks) and with a percussion primer and filled with various loads of smokeless powder or Novelties, are to be securely packaged in containers complying with U.S. DOT other propellant. Weapons using blank cartridges often are used in conjunction regulations. Gross weight limitation per package is now dictated by the weight with bullet hits. marked on the certified packaging. Until October 1, 1996, these materials were D.1.4 Bridgewire. A fine wire used to fire pyrotechnic devices that either heats packaged in accordance with the regulations in effect on September 31, 1991 up or explodes when an electric current is applied. (i.e., U.S. DOT 12B boxes). These materials can be offered in accordance with the new package requirements promulgated under Docket No. HM-181 as of D.1.5 Bullet Effect. An effect intended to simulate a slug from a weapon as it January 1, 1991. However, except as noted below, compliance with these new strikes a person or object. package standards is mandatory as of October 1, 1996. Fireworks packaged D.1.6 Bullet Hit. A small explosive charge attached to a person’s clothing or prior to October 1, 1991, in packagings that comply with previous U.S. DOT body, or to an inanimate object, to simulate a slug from a weapon as it strikes a regulations (such as 12B boxes), can be used until October 1, 2001, but only for person or object. shipments in domestic commerce and only if the package has not been emptied D.1.7 Colored Smoke. An aerosol of special dyestuffs of chemical reactants or refilled on or after October 1, 1991 [49 CFR, Part 171.14(c)]. Articles with dispersed by pyrotechnic heat or explosion. match or frictionDRAFT tip ignition are to be packed so that each individual tip is protected against accidental contact or friction (49 CFR, Part 173.108). Loose D.1.8 Color Pot. A tube containing pyrotechnic materials that produces a chemical composition cannot be present in packages in transportation [49 CFR, colored flame when ignited. Part 172.102(c)(108)]. D.1.9 Concussion Flashpowder. Flashpowder intended to be used in a C.5.3.1 Toy Cap Packaging. Until October 1, 1996, toy caps were packaged concussion mortar to produce a loud, concussive effect. in accordance with 49 CFR, Part 173.109, in effect on September 31, 1991 D.1.10 Concussion Item. A pyrotechnic item that produces a loud noise and a [i.e., U.S DOT 12B fiberboard boxes, with gross weight not to exceed 65 lb (30 violent jarring shock for dramatic effect. kg)]. Toy caps are to be packaged in inner containers meeting the requirements specified in C.3.2.5 of this annex. Toy caps must not be packed with other D.1.11 Concussion Mortar. A device specifically designed and constructed fireworks. [†] to produce a loud noise and a violent jarring shock for dramatic effect without producing any damage. C.5.4 Placards. Unless otherwise provided, each motor vehicle, freight container, and rail car is to bear appropriate placards on each end and each D.1.12 Day Box. A portable magazine used for the immediate storage of side [49 CFR, Part 172.504 (a)]. Vehicles containing packages of consumer pyrotechnics. fireworks or novelties that are labeled 1.4G require a “1.4G” or “Explosive D.1.13 Deflagration. A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is 1.4G” placard (use of the word “explosive” is optional) (49 CFR, Part 172.523). sufficient to enable the reaction to continue and accelerate without input of heat Highway and rail shipments of less than 1000 lb (454 kg) gross weight of from another source. Deflagration is primarily a surface phenomenon, with most such fireworks need not bear a placard [49 CFR, Part 172.504(c)]. Vehicles reaction products flowing away from the unreacted material along the surface at containing display fireworks in any quantity require a “1.3G” or “Explosive less than supersonic velocity. The effect of a deflagration under confinement is 1.3G” placard (the word “explosive” is optional) (49 CFR, Part 173.522). an explosion. Confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction, If both 1.4G and 1.3G are present in a shipment, only the “1.3G” placard is and temperature and, in some cases, can cause transition into a detonation.

1124-64 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 D.1.14 Det Cord. A flexible, plastic-covered detonating cord resembling a and often nitroglycerin used in small arms ammunition, cannons, rockets, and clothesline that contains a highly explosive material. propellant-actuated power devices. D.1.15 Detonation. An extremely rapid chemical reaction in which the pressure D.1.39 Soft Detonator. A detonator with a higher velocity than a bullet hit, but generated is sufficient to cause the formation of a shock wave, which causes with no metallic elements or jacket. It is essentially a blasting cap without a the reaction to continue. Detonation is a phenomenon with reaction products metal jacket. flowing in the direction of unreacted materials at supersonic velocity. The effect D.1.40 Sparkle Flashpowder. A flashpowder that produces a bright flash of of a detonation with or without confinement is an explosion. light and a shower of sparks when ignited. D.1.16 Detonator. A device containing an initiating or primary explosive that D.1.41 Sparkle Pot. A pyrotechnic device intended to contain and control the is used for initiating detonation including, but not limited to; electric blasting discharge of sparkle flashpowder. caps (instantaneous and delay types); blasting caps for use with safety fuses; detonating cord delay connectors; nonelectric caps that use a detonating cord, D.1.42 Special Effect. A visual or audible effect used for entertainment shock tube, or other replacement for electric legwires; also an explosive or purposes, often produced to create an illusion. For example, smoke might be device initiated by a primer and used to initiate another explosive that is less produced to create the impression of fog being present, or a puff of smoke, a sensitive and larger. flash of light, and a loud sound might be produced to create the impression that a cannon has been fired. D.1.17 Direct Current (DC). An electrical current that flows in one direction and most frequently supplied by a battery. D.1.43 Theatrical Flashpowder. A pyrotechnic material intended for use in theatrical shows that produces a flash of light when ignited. Typical theatrical D.1.18 Explosion. The rapid production of hot gases at a high pressure as flashpowders burn more slowly than salute powder and also might produce the result of a chemical reaction and the sudden release of the energy to a shower of sparks. Theatrical flashpowder is not intended to produce a loud cause strong dynamic stresses in the surroundings. The term usually refers report. to the effects of a detonation of initiating explosives and high explosives but also applies to the effect of a deflagrating propellant explosive in certain D.1.44 Waterfall, Falls, Park Curtain. An effect of a cascade of sparks that circumstances such as heavy confinement. The term also describes a mechanical usually are produced by multiple devices fired simultaneously. phenomenon in which failure of the container results in a sudden release of D.1.45 Wheel. A pyrotechnic device that rotates on a central axis consisting of pressure from within a vessel. multiple gerbs or rockets attached to a framework. D.1.19 Explosive Special Effect. See Pyrotechnic Special Effect. Annex E DOT Explosive Materials Transport Regulations D.1.20 First Fire. The ignited mixture used with pyrotechnic devices and This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is loaded in direct contact with the main pyrotechnic charge. A pyrotechnic first- included for informational purposes only. fire mixture is compounded to produce a high temperature and hot slag. The E.1 General/Introduction. mixture is readily ignitible and capable of igniting the underlying pyrotechnic charge. U.S. Department of Transportation Revisions of Explosive Materials Transport Regulations. D.1.21 Flare. A pyrotechnic device designed to produce a single source of intense light for a defined period of time. On December 21, 1990, the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) issued a final rule that revised 49 CFR, 171 to 180, “Hazardous Materials D.1.22 Flash Pot. A device used with flashpowder that produces a flash of light Regulations.” and is capable of directing the flash in an upward direction. These regulations cover the classification, packaging, and shipping of D.1.23 Flashpowder. A specific pyrotechnic material in powder form composed explosives (including blasting agents), oxidizers (ammonium nitrate), of fuel(s) and oxidizer(s). Ignition produces a flash of light, sparkles, an audible flammable liquids, and flammable solids. report, or a combination of these effects. Essentially, the U.S. DOT has revised the U.S. hazardous materials D.1.24 Gerb. A cylindrical preload intended to produce a controlled spray of regulations so that they conform with international regulations, which are based sparks with a reproducible and predictable duration, height, and diameter. on the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. D.1.25 Igniter. An electrical, chemical, or mechanical device normally used to The revised regulations are designed to standardize testing and classification fire pyrotechnics. procedures, nomenclature, packaging, labeling, placarding, and handling and to D.1.26 Ingredient. A chemical used to create a pyrotechnic material that is not, eliminate inconsistencies that currently exist between the U.S. (domestic) and itself, a pyrotechnic material. UN (international) standards. D.1.27 Lift Charge. The composition in a pyrotechnic device that propels E.2 Classification. The most important change affecting the user of explosive (lifts) the effect into the air when ignited. It usually consists of a Black Powder materials was the elimination of Class A, Class B, and Class C explosives and charge. blasting agents. Under the UN recommendations, all explosive materials are Class 1 explosives. Class 1 explosives include six divisions as follows: D.1.28 Lycopodium. The spores produced by the genus of mosses called lycopodium. This powdery, organic, yellow material can be agitated and (1) Division 1.1 includes explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. dispersed mechanically into a cloud and then ignited by a spark, pilot flame, or (2) Division 1.2 includes explosives that have a projection hazard but not a electrical heating device. Although not a pyrotechnic material, this material is mass explosion hazard. used by special effects operators to produce fire effects or in conjunction with (3) Division 1.3 includes explosives that have a fire hazard and either a other pyrotechnics to create a special effect. minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard, or both, but not a mass D.1.29 Mine. A pyrotechnic device, usually a preload, that projects multiple explosion hazard. pellets of pyrotechnic material that produce sparks or flame. It is usually (4) Division 1.4 includes explosive devices that contain not more than 25 g supplied with an integral mortar. (0.9 oz) of a detonating material and present a minor explosion hazard. D.1.30 Nonelectric Detonator. A detonator that does not need electric energy (5) Division 1.5 includes very insensitive explosives that have a mass to function. explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is little probability D.1.31 PhotoflashDRAFT Flashpowder. A loose pyrotechnic mixture that yields a very of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal large amount of light for a small fraction of a second on exploding. conditions of transport. D.1.32 Pyrotechnic Preload. A pyrotechnic device supplied by the (6) Division 1.6 includes extremely insensitive articles that do not have manufacturer in a ready-to-use condition. a mass explosion hazard, and articles that demonstrate a negligible D.1.33 Pyrotechnic Special Effect. A special effect created through the use of probability of accidental initiation or propagation (no applicable hazard pyrotechnic materials and devices. (See also Special Effect.) class). D.1.34 Quick Match. Black match that is encased in a loose-fitting paper E.2.1 The classification code for an explosive consists of the division number sheath. Although exposed black match burns slowly, quick match burns followed by the compatibility group letter. Compatibility group letters designate extremely rapidly and almost instantaneously. Quick match is used in fuses for the controls for the transportation, and storage related thereto, of explosives and aerial shells and for simultaneous ignition of a number of pyrotechnic devices, to prevent an increase in hazard that might result if certain types of explosives such as lances in a ground display piece. are stored or transported together. D.1.35 Safety Fuse. A flexible cord containing an internal burning medium by Compatibility groups and classification codes for the various types of which fire or flame is conveyed at a constant and relatively uniform rate from explosives are set forth in Table E.2.1(a) and Table E.2.1(b). Table E.2.1(a) sets the point of ignition to the point of use. forth compatibility groups and classification codes for substances and articles described in the first column of the table. Table E.2.1(b) specifies the number of D.1.36 Saxon. A pyrotechnic device consisting of a tube that rotates around a classification codes that are possible within each explosive division. Altogether, pivot point to produce a circular shower of sparks. there are 35 possible classification codes for explosives. D.1.37 Smoke Pot. A pyrotechnic device used to create smoke during a See Tables E.2.1(a) and E.2.1(b) on the following pages. production. D.1.38 Smokeless Powder. A pyrotechnic material containing nitrocellulose 1124-65 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124

Table E.2.1(a) Classification Codes Substance or Article to Be Classified Compatibility Classification Group Code Primary explosive substance A 1.1A Article containing a primary explosive substance and B 1.1B, 1.2B, 1.4B not containing two or more effective protective features Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating C 1.1C, 1.2C, 1.3C, explosive substance or article containing such explosive 1.4C substance Secondary detonating explosive substance or Black D 1.1D, 1.2D, 1.4D, Powder or article containing a secondary detonating 1.5D explosive substance, in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge; or article con- taining a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective protective features Article containing a secondary detonating explosive E 1.1E, 1.2E, 1.4E substance, without means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid) Article containing a secondary detonating explosive F 1.1F, 1.2F, 1.3F, substance, with its means of initiation, with a propelling 1.4F charge (other than one containing flammable liquid or hypergolic liquid) or without a propelling charge Pyrotechnic substance or article containing a pyrotech- G 1.1G, 1.2G, 1.3G, nic substance, or article containing both an explosive 1.4G substance and an illuminating, incendiary, tear-pro- ducing or smoke-producing substance (other than a water-activated article or an article containing white phosphorus, phosphide, or flammable liquid or gel, or hypergolic liquid) Article containing both an explosive substance and H 1.2H, 1.3H, 1.1J, white phosphorus 1.2J Article containing both an explosive substance and J 1.3J flammable liquid or gel Article containing both an explosive substance and a K 1.2K, 1.3K, 1.1L, toxic chemical agent 1.2L Explosive substance or article containing an explosive L 1.3L substance and presenting a special risk (e.g., due to water activation or presence of hypergolic liquids, phos- phides, or pyrophoric substances) that requires isolation of each type Article containing only extremely insensitive detonating N 1.6N substances Substance or article so packed or designed that any S 1.4S hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the pack- age

Table E.2.1(b) Scheme of Classification of Explosives, Combination of Hazard Division with Compatibility Group Hazard Compatibility Group

Division A DRAFTB C D E F G H J K L N S 1.1 1.1A 1.1B 1.1C 1.1D 1.1E 1.1F 1.1G 1.1J 1.1L 1.2 1.2B 1.2C 1.2D 1.2E 1.2F 1.2G 1.2H 1.2J 1.2K 1.2L 1.3 1.3C 1.3F 1.3G 1.3H 1.3J 1.3K 1.3L 1.4 1.4B 1.4C 1.4D 1.4E 1.4F 1.4G 1.4S 1.5 1.5D 1.6 1.6N

1124-66 Report on Proposals — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 1124 E.2.2 For comparative purposes, the classification of explosive materials under ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed. the UN recommendations and the current U.S. DOT system is provided as SECTION 5 That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of follows: this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be invalid or unconstitutional, such (1) Division 1.1, Class A explosives include dynamite, cast boosters, cap decision shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remaining sensitive emulsions, water gels and slurries, and Class A detonators. portions of this ordinance. The [governing body] hereby declares that it would (2) Division 1.2, Class A or Class B explosives are generally ammunition or have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, clause, or phrase material that has a projection hazard. hereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, and phrases be declared unconstitutional. (3) Division 1.3, Class B explosives are generally propellants or explosives that have a fire hazard but not a mass detonation hazard. SECTION 6 That the [jurisdiction’s keeper of records] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be published. (4) Division 1.4, Class C explosives include Class C detonators, safety fuses, and other Class C explosives. [NOTE: An additional provision may be required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specify that it is to be in a newspaper in (5) Division 1.5 is comprised of blasting agents that include ammonium general circulation. Posting may also be required.] nitrate/fuel oil, noncap-sensitive emulsions, water gels, slurries, and packaged blasting agents. SECTION 7 That this ordinance and the rules, regulations, provisions, requirements, orders, and matters established and adopted hereby shall take (6) Division 1.6 has no compatibility group designation, since, currently, no effect and be in full force and effect [time period] from and after the date of its commercial explosives exist in Division 1.6. final passage and adoption. E.3 UN Classification System.In the UN system, oxidizers and organic Annex G Informational References peroxides form Class 5. For example, ammonium nitrate, an oxidizer, is classified as 5.1 (Class 5, Division 1). Flammable and combustible liquids (fuel G.1 Referenced Publications. The following documents or portions thereof oils) are Class 3, and flammable solids are Class 4. are referenced within this code for informational purposes only and are thus not part of the requirements of this document unless also listed in Chapter 2. To determine the proper classification of an explosive, criteria (class and division) and test procedures have been set up in the UN recommendations. The G.1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 criteria and testing initially determine whether a material is an explosive and Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. subsequently the hazard division for the material is determined. NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code™, 2003 edition. In addition to the class and division number, every explosive under the UN NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2002 edition. recommendations has a proper shipping name and a four-digit identification NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, 2003 edition. number. Under this regulation, shipping cases are required to show the proper shipping name and the identification number. NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 2002 edition. The UN Recommendations on the Shipment of Dangerous Goods became NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 edition. effective October 1, 1991. NFPA 102, Standard for Grandstands, Folding and Telescopic Seating, Tents, Annex F Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 1124 and Membrane Structures, 1995 edition. F.1 The following sample ordinance is provided to assist a jurisdiction in the NFPA 230, Standard for the Fire Protection of Storage, 2003 edition. adoption of this code and is not part of this code. NFPA 1122, Code for Model Rocketry, 2002 edition. ORDINANCE NO. ______NFPA 1127, Code for High Power Rocketry, 2002 edition. An ordinance of the [jurisdiction] adopting the [year] edition of NFPA NFPA Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 13th edition, 2002. [document number], [complete document title] documents listed in Chapter 2 of NFPA 5000®, Building Construction and Safety Code®, 2003 edition. that [code, standard]; prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion; providing for the issuance of permits G.1.2 Other Publications. and collection of fees; repealing Ordinance No. ______of the [jurisdiction] G.1.2.1 American Pyrotechnics Association Publication. American and all other ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict therewith; providing Pyrotechnics Association, P.O. Box 213, Chestertown, MD 21620. a penalty; providing a severability clause; and providing for publication; and providing an effective date. American Pyrotechnics Association Standard 87-1, Standard for Construction and Approval for Transportation of Fireworks, 2001. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE [governing body] OF THE [jurisdiction]: G.1.2.2 Association of American Railroads Publication. Association of SECTION 1 That the [complete document title] and documents adopted by American Railroads, Library Room 5800, 50 F Street, NW, Washington, DC Chapter 2, three (3) copies of which are on file and are open to inspection by the 20001. public in the office of the[jurisdiction’s keeper of records] of the [jurisdiction], are hereby adopted and incorporated into this ordinance as fully as if set out at “Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation.” length herein, and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect, the G.1.2.3 U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Office, provisions thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the [jurisdiction]. Washington, DC 20402. The same are hereby adopted as the [code, standard] of the [jurisdiction] for Title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 1000 to End. the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion and providing for issuance of permits and Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910. collection of fees. Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, 1910.119, Process Safety Management SECTION 2 Any person who shall violate any provision of this code or Standard. standard hereby adopted or fail to comply therewith; or who shall violate or Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 170 to End. fail to comply with any order made thereunder; or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. thereunder; or failedDRAFT to operate in accordance with any certificate or permit G.2 References for Extracts. The following documents are listed here to issued thereunder; and from which no appeal has been taken; or who shall provide reference information, including title and edition, for extracts given fail to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by or by a court of throughout this code as indicated by a reference in brackets [ ] following a competent jurisdiction, within the time fixed herein, shall severally for each section or paragraph. These documents are not a part of the requirements of this and every such violation and noncompliance, respectively, be guilty of a document unless also listed in Chapter 2 for other reasons. misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than $ _____ nor more than $_ NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2002 edition. ____ or by imprisonment for not less than ______days nor more than ______days or by both such fine and imprisonment. The imposition of one penalty for NFPA 99, Standard for Health Care Facilities, 2002 edition. any violation shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue; and all such NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 2003 edition. persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 1999 edition. a reasonable time; and when not otherwise specified the application of the above penalty shall not be held to prevent the enforced removal of prohibited NFPA 495, Explosive Materials Code, 2001 edition. conditions. Each day that prohibited conditions are maintained shall constitute a NFPA 1123, Code for Fireworks Display, 2000 edition. separate offense. NFPA 1125, Code for the Manufacture of Model Rocket and High Power SECTION 3 Additions, insertions, and changes — that the [year] edition of Rocket Motors, 2001 edition. NFPA [document number], [complete document title] is amended and changed in the following respects: NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics before a Proximate Audience, 2001 edition. List Amendments SECTION 4 That ordinance No. ______of [jurisdiction] entitled [fill in the title of the ordinance or ordinances in effect at the present time] and all other 1124-67