Program Acquisition Costs by Weapon System
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United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Aviation Unit Manual Second Edition April 2021
UN Military Aviation Unit Manual United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Aviation Unit Manual Second Edition April 2021 Second Edition 2019 DEPARTMENT OF PEACE OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT OF OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UN Military Aviation Unit Manual Produced by: Office of Military Affairs, Department of Peace Operations UN Secretariat One UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 Tel. 917-367-2487 Approved by: Jean-Pierre Lacroix, Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Department of Peace Operations (DPO). Atul Khare Under-Secretary-General for Operational Support Department of Operational Support (DOS) April 2021. Contact: PDT/OMA/DPO Review date: 30/ 04 / 2026 Reference number: 2021.04 Printed at the UN, New York © UN 2021. This publication enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, governmental authorities or Member States may freely photocopy any part of this publication for exclusive use within their training institutes. However, no portion of this publication may be reproduced for sale or mass publication without the express consent, in writing, of the Office of Military Affairs, UN Department of Peace Operations. ii UN Military Aviation Unit Manual Foreword We are delighted to introduce the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Aviation Unit Manual, an essential guide for commanders and staff deployed in peacekeeping operations, and an important reference for Member States and the staff at United Nations Headquarters. For several decades, United Nations peacekeeping has evolved significantly in its complexity. The spectrum of multi-dimensional UN peacekeeping operations includes challenging tasks such as restoring state authority, protecting civilians and disarming, demobilizing and reintegrating ex-combatants. In today’s context, peacekeeping missions are deploying into environments where they can expect to confront asymmetric threats and contend with armed groups over large swaths of territory. -
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company NASA SBIR Overview
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company NASA SBIR Overview and Engagement Craig Owens Program Manager, SBIR Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Space Systems Company Portfolio Special Strategic & Missile Defense Civil Space Programs NASA Human Adv Programs Strategic Missiles Missile Defense Planetary Weather & Exploration Exploration Environment Military Space Mission Solutions Protected Narrowband Navigation Weather Early Space End-to-End Geospatial Comms Comms Warning Protection Mission Systems Technologies Commercial Space Advanced Technology Center Subsidiaries Remote Commercial Wind Energy Optics, RF Adv. Materials Space Sciences Sensing SATCOM Management & Photonics & Nano Systems & Instruments LM SBIR Team Mission 1. Collaborate with small businesses to get advanced technology to our customers 2. Build strategic, long term relationships with small businesses by leveraging Gov’t SBIR/STTR R&D funding 3. Understand what small business technologies are potentially coming to the market 4. Align discriminating small business technologies to LM programs and future opportunities to reduce cost and win new business 5. Complement our small business supply chain and support the Gov’t initiative to leverage small businesses © 2016 Lockheed Martin Corporation, All Rights Reserved LM SBIR Engagement • Strong engagement in the SBIR/STTR Program – Seeking technology maturation supporting program needs – 5-10 year outlook – TRL 6 needed for potential LM investment – Expect small businesses to be informed on LM • Benefits to LM – Innovation & Affordability – Strategic partnerships – Complements LM investments – Help drive innovation into next generation systems © 2016 Lockheed Martin Corporation, All Rights Reserved LMSSC Endorsement Process • LM SME’s assess all concepts • Leadership aware of engagements • Process allows for relationship building © 2016 Lockheed Martin Corporation, All Rights Reserved 5 6. -
Lockheed Martin Space Advanced Programs
Lockheed Martin Space Advanced Programs Requirements in NASA Science Missions © 2019 Lockheed Martin. All Rights Reserved Performance and Operational Measurement Requirements Emitted radiance Detect photons; Convert to e- Calibrate Data Science Data Quantized Photons Electrons Science Data Radiances § Orbit § Wavelength band § Detection § Science question § Signal photons § Integration time § Navigation analysis § Background scene § Quantum efficiency § Radiometric calibration § Field of View § Dark current § Resolution § Read noise § Solar intrusion Mission Requirements Performance Requirements • Duration • Environment • Electrical • Mechanical Iterate • Reliability • Operational • Thermal • Structural Evolve Requirements Constraints Resource Requirements • Spacecraft • Mass • Thermal interface • Power • Data rate • Launch vehicle • Size • Alignment Concept Design 2 Example Requirements Tree Implementing NASA Level 1s Institution/NASA Center Level 1 Reqts Program Level 2 Launch Environmental Mission Assurance Mission Reqts Doc Project Vehicle IRD Reqts Requirements (MAR) Flight System Level 3 Mission Ops & Element- Payload Spacecraft Flight to Ground Payload Reqts to SC ICDs Ground Developed, Requirements Doc ICD System Reqts Project Approved Payload/ Level 4 Spacecraft Ground Instrument Testbeds Element-Controlled Subsystems Subsystems Subsystems 3 Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) v Objective: Characterize Mars’ atmospheric escape v PI: Dr. Bruce Jakosky, CU LASP v Implementing Institution: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center v Spacecraft and Mission Ops: Lockheed Martin v Instruments: UCB SSL, CU/LASP, NASA GSFC, CNES v Mars relay: Jet Propulsion Laboratory v Launched November 18th 2013 v MOI September 22nd 2014 v Currently in third mission extension Image Credit: NASA/B. Ingalls 5 Science Missions Across the Solar System 6 © 2019 Lockheed Martin. All Rights Reserved. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory figures As of Sept
Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2014. By Aaron M. U. Church, Associate Editor I 2015 USAF Almanac BOMBER AIRCRAFT flight controls actuate trailing edge surfaces that combine aileron, elevator, and rudder functions. New EHF satcom and high-speed computer upgrade B-1 Lancer recently entered full production. Both are part of the Defensive Management Brief: A long-range bomber capable of penetrating enemy defenses and System-Modernization (DMS-M). Efforts are underway to develop a new VLF delivering the largest weapon load of any aircraft in the inventory. receiver for alternative comms. Weapons integration includes the improved COMMENTARY GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator and JASSM-ER and future weapons The B-1A was initially proposed as replacement for the B-52, and four pro- such as GBU-53 SDB II, GBU-56 Laser JDAM, JDAM-5000, and LRSO. Flex- totypes were developed and tested in 1970s before program cancellation in ible Strike Package mods will feed GPS data to the weapons bays to allow 1977. The program was revived in 1981 as B-1B. The vastly upgraded aircraft weapons to be guided before release, to thwart jamming. It also will move added 74,000 lb of usable payload, improved radar, and reduced radar cross stores management to a new integrated processor. Phase 2 will allow nuclear section, but cut maximum speed to Mach 1.2. The B-1B first saw combat in and conventional weapons to be carried simultaneously to increase flexibility. Iraq during Desert Fox in December 1998. -
Andrew Tsoi Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company University of Colorado Boulder (M.S
5 Years Later Shades of Blue Andrew Tsoi Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company University of Colorado Boulder (M.S. 2014) Heritage High School (Class of 2008) A LITTLE ABOUT ME › Born June 11th 1990 in Englewood CO › K-12 (Littleton Public Schools) – Runyon Elementary – Powell Middle School – Heritage High School › Clubs and Activities – Littleton Rotary/Interact Club – Destination Imagination – Club Inline Hockey – Varsity Lacrosse – Yearbook (Sports Editor) – National Honor Society MR. WARREN › Math teacher at Heritage H.S. – Advanced Algebra and Calculus › Key Lessons – “Use your imagination” – “Be creative” – “Think outside the box” › I chose to major in aerospace engineering my senior year THE LAST FIVE YEARS › University of Colorado at Boulder › Bachelors in Aerospace Engineering Sciences (ASEN) in May 2013 › Masters in ASEN/Structures and Materials in May 2014 • Clubs and Activities • Student Leadership Council • Student Success Center • Men’s Club Lacrosse • Zeta Beta Tau Fraternity WHAT IS ENGINEERING? SCIENCE IS THE WHAT/WHY ENGINEERING IS THE HOW Karman vortex sheet: repeating swirling vortices Boundary layer injection: injecting fluid into the caused by unsteady separation of flow of a fluid airstream to create turbulence such that more lift around blunt bodies. is generated along the wing. More lift means less fuel. Less fuel means more efficient airplanes. AEROSPACE ENGINEERING IS A BROAD FIELD AERONAUTICS ASTRODYNAMICS LAUNCH VEHICLES • Aircraft technologies • Spacecraft • Space Shuttle • Military and civilian technologies -
2008 STELLAR AWARD NOMINEES - MIDDLE Rotary National Award for Space Achievement
2008 STELLAR AWARD NOMINEES - MIDDLE Rotary National Award for Space Achievement Tech. Sgt. Jesse A. Arbour of the USAF, 45th Space Wing, and provide information to ensure the safety of extravehicular 45th Launch Support Squadron - Successful launch site crewmembers from this hazard. integration leadership on the first Wideband SATCOM launch and formulation of new mission assurance processes for the J. Derek Hassmann of NASA Johnson Space Center - 45th Launch Support Squadron, resulting in selection as the Exceptional professionalism, outstanding leadership and lead for future Wideband SATCOM spacecraft missions. technical expertise in the preparation and execution of complex International Space Station assembly mission operations. Dan R. Bell of The Boeing Company - Outstanding leadership of the orbiter thermal protection system technical community Michael T. Henry of ATK Launch Systems - Visionary including leadership of the On-orbit Debris Assessment Team leadership in creating an exceptionally strong safety and mission during each mission. assurance team of proactive, collaborative problem solvers that continues to lead innovation and improvements for shuttle, Ares, Roger E. Berenson of Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne - and next-generation launch vehicles. Outstanding leadership in the development of the RS-68A engine system and major contributions to the development of Lara E. Kearney of NASA Johnson Space Center - Visionary multiple rocket engine systems. leadership and management expertise in establishing the EVA systems project for -
Beyond the Paths of Heaven the Emergence of Space Power Thought
Beyond the Paths of Heaven The Emergence of Space Power Thought A Comprehensive Anthology of Space-Related Master’s Research Produced by the School of Advanced Airpower Studies Edited by Bruce M. DeBlois, Colonel, USAF Professor of Air and Space Technology Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond the paths of heaven : the emergence of space power thought : a comprehensive anthology of space-related master’s research / edited by Bruce M. DeBlois. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Astronautics, Military. 2. Astronautics, Military—United States. 3. Space Warfare. 4. Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College. School of Advanced Airpower Studies- -Dissertations. I. Deblois, Bruce M., 1957- UG1520.B48 1999 99-35729 358’ .8—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-58566-067-1 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii OVERVIEW . ix PART I Space Organization, Doctrine, and Architecture 1 An Aerospace Strategy for an Aerospace Nation . 3 Stephen E. Wright 2 After the Gulf War: Balancing Space Power’s Development . 63 Frank Gallegos 3 Blueprints for the Future: Comparing National Security Space Architectures . 103 Christian C. Daehnick PART II Sanctuary/Survivability Perspectives 4 Safe Heavens: Military Strategy and Space Sanctuary . 185 David W. Ziegler PART III Space Control Perspectives 5 Counterspace Operations for Information Dominance . -
Aircraft Collection
A, AIR & SPA ID SE CE MU REP SEU INT M AIRCRAFT COLLECTION From the Avenger torpedo bomber, a stalwart from Intrepid’s World War II service, to the A-12, the spy plane from the Cold War, this collection reflects some of the GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN MILITARY AVIATION. Photo: Liam Marshall TABLE OF CONTENTS Bombers / Attack Fighters Multirole Helicopters Reconnaissance / Surveillance Trainers OV-101 Enterprise Concorde Aircraft Restoration Hangar Photo: Liam Marshall BOMBERS/ATTACK The basic mission of the aircraft carrier is to project the U.S. Navy’s military strength far beyond our shores. These warships are primarily deployed to deter aggression and protect American strategic interests. Should deterrence fail, the carrier’s bombers and attack aircraft engage in vital operations to support other forces. The collection includes the 1940-designed Grumman TBM Avenger of World War II. Also on display is the Douglas A-1 Skyraider, a true workhorse of the 1950s and ‘60s, as well as the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk and Grumman A-6 Intruder, stalwarts of the Vietnam War. Photo: Collection of the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum GRUMMAN / EASTERNGRUMMAN AIRCRAFT AVENGER TBM-3E GRUMMAN/EASTERN AIRCRAFT TBM-3E AVENGER TORPEDO BOMBER First flown in 1941 and introduced operationally in June 1942, the Avenger became the U.S. Navy’s standard torpedo bomber throughout World War II, with more than 9,836 constructed. Originally built as the TBF by Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, they were affectionately nicknamed “Turkeys” for their somewhat ungainly appearance. Bomber Torpedo In 1943 Grumman was tasked to build the F6F Hellcat fighter for the Navy. -
IMTEC-89-53 Military Space Operations: Use of Mobile Ground
. -. ,(. ,. .“” ,Y .,, . -- II, ./, .I i /, . % . ,L. United States Gdneral Accounting Off& Report to the Honorable &.A0 John P. Murtha, Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives July 1989 MILITARY SPACE ’ OPERATIONS Use of Mobile Ground Stations in Satellite Control GAO/IMTEC439-63 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Information Management and Technology Division B-224148 July 3, 1989 The Honorable John P. Murtha Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: In your January 9, 1989, letter and in subsequent discussions with your office, you asked us to determine (1) how mobile ground stations fit into the Air Force’s overall satellite control architecture, (2) how many sta- tions exist and are planned, (3) what they cost by program element and appropriation account, and (4) how much the Department of Defense budgeted in fiscal year 1990 for mobile ground stations. As agreed with your office, our review focused primarily on mobile ground stations used by the Air Force’s satellite programs and included mobile ground stations used for one Defense Communications Agency satellite program. The Air Force’s satellite control architecture establishes a requirement for mobile ground stations to provide command and control instructions to maintain the position of a satellite in orbit as well as to provide the capability to process information coming from satellites. This network of stations, when completed, is planned to supplement fixed stations and/or to totally command and control a satellite’s position in orbit or process information. As of May 1989, there were 39 existing mobile ground stations. -
Article Satellite and 5G
Satellites and 5G by Bernardo Schneiderman atellite communication will play a significant role Another goal of 5G is to support the expansion of devices in 5G and beyond as a complementary solution for comprising the Internet of Things (IoT)more devices will be Subiquitous coverage, broadcast/multicast provi- able to transmit data without causing performance issues. sion, aeronautical & maritime communications, emer- gency/disaster recovery, and remote rural area coverage. Driverless cars and autonomous vehicles are a related technological category that stand to benefit from 5G, as There are several use cases where standard terrestrial the demand for an interconnected transportation system coverage is either not present or possible, making satel- rises. Maintaining fast software downloads such as GPS lite systems uniquely mapping routes will positioned to provide be critical for a sys- a solution to bridge tem of connected cars. this gap. By 2020- 2025 there will be DriveNSR’s re- more than 100 High port entitled “5G via Throughput Satel- satellite: Impacts, De- lite (HTS) systems mand and Revenue using Geostation- potential to 2029,” ary (GEO) orbits forecasts deep 5G im- but also mega-con- pact in the satellite stellations of Low ecosystem with close Earth Orbit (LEO) to 10 million active satellites, deliver- units by 2029. Beyond ing Terabit per sec- Image courtesy of ESA the obvious use cas- ond (Tbps) of capacity across the world. es, like Cellular Back- haul and Trunking, a wide spectrum of applications New cost-effective system architectures as Starlink will experience accelerated demand from 5G, includ- (SpaceX), LightSpeed (Telesat), Oneweb, O3B (SES) ing IoT, Private 5G for Corporate Networks, Mo- systems should be considered as a major impact in the bility or even more conservative users like Gov/Mil. -
Replace with Your Title
Advancing Vertical Flight: A Historical Perspective on AHS International and its Times M.E. Rhett Flater L. Kim Smith AHS Executive Director (1991-2011) AHS Deputy Director (1993-2011) M. E. Rhett Flater & Associates M.E. Rhett Flater & Associates Pine Knoll Shores, NC Pine Knoll Shores, NC ABSTRACT1 This paper describes AHS’s vital role in the development of the rotorcraft industry, with particular emphasis on events since 1990. It includes first-hand accounts of the formation of the Society, how it matured and evolved, and the particular influences that compelled change. It describes key events which occurred during various stages of the Society’s growth, including the formation of its technical committees, the evolution of the AHS Annual Forum and technical specialists’ meetings, and the creation and evolution of the Society’s publications. Featured prominently are accounts of AHS’s role in pursuing a combined government, industry and academia approach to rotorcraft science and technology. Also featured is the creation in 1965 of the Army-NASA Agreement for Joint Participation in Aeronautics Technology, the establishment of the U.S. Army Rotorcraft Centers of Excellence, the National Rotorcraft Technology Center (NRTC), the inauguration of the Congressional Rotorcraft Caucus and its support for the U.S. defense industrial base for rotorcraft, the battle for the survival of NASA aeronautics and critical NASA subsonic ground test facilities, and the launching of the International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST). First Annual AHS Banquet, October 7, 1944. 1Presented at the AHS 72nd Annual Forum, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA, May 17-19, 2016. Copyright © 2016 by the American Helicopter Society International, Inc.