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TAXON:Celtis Sinensis Pers. SCORE:12.0 RATING:High Risk

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TAXON:Celtis Sinensis Pers. SCORE:12.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Celtis sinensis Pers. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Celtis sinensis Pers. Family: Cannabaceae Common Name(s): Chinese hackberry Synonym(s): Celtis japonica Planch. Chinese nettletree Celtis sinensis var. japonica (Planch.) Nakai Japanese hackberry Celtis tetrandra subsp. sinensis (Roxb.) Y. C. Tang Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 29 Jan 2018 WRA Score: 12.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Tree, Environmental Weed, Shade-Tolerant, Dense Stands, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 29 Jan 2018 (Celtis sinensis Pers.) Page 1 of 17 TAXON: Celtis sinensis Pers. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 y yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 29 Jan 2018 (Celtis sinensis Pers.) Page 2 of 17 TAXON: Celtis sinensis Pers. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Hu, Shiu-ying. 2005. Food Plants of China. Chinese "Ripe fruits, gathered by children, and eaten locally." [No evidence of University Press, Hong Kong domestication] 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet Low tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Asia-Temperate 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online China: China Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Accessed 28 Jan 2018] Eastern Asia: Japan Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku; Taiwan" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 28 Jan 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Wu, Z.Y., Raven,P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2003. Flora of China. Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science "Roadsides, slopes; 100-1500 m." [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. demonstrating environmental versatility] Louis Gilman, E.F. & Watson, D.G. 1993, Celtis sinensis: Japanese Hackberry. Fact Sheet ST-142. Institute of Food and "USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 9" [Grown in 5 hardiness zones] Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL. http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/. [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] Creation Date: 29 Jan 2018 (Celtis sinensis Pers.) Page 3 of 17 TAXON: Celtis sinensis Pers. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "It is a major environmental weed in south-east Queensland, NSW WeedWise. 2018. Chinese celtis (Celtis sinensis). expanding rapidly over recent years into major infestations along http://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Details/37. riparian zones." ... "Current infestations are largely in riparian zones [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] in areas originally supporting subtropical and dry rainforests." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Celtis sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) (Chinese elm) is a semi-deciduous Panetta, F. D. (2001). Seedling emergence and seed tree that grows to 10±15 m in height. It is native to eastern Asia longevity of the tree weeds Celtis sinensis and (China, Korea and Japan), but has been introduced and widely Cinnamomum camphora. Weed Research, 41(1), 83-95 cultivated as a garden plant/shade tree in south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales." Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated "Celtis sinensis Persoon Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. Locations: http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp Harold L. Lyon Arboretum" lants/. [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] Little Jr., E.L. & Skolmen, R.G. 1989. Common forest trees 1 Celtis sinensis reported to have been planted in the Kula Forest of Hawaii: (native and introduced). USDA Agriculture Reserve, Maui in 1957 Handbook No. 679. USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Celtis sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) (Chinese elm) is a semi-deciduous tree that grows to 10±15 m in height. It is native to eastern Asia Panetta, F. D. (2001). Seedling emergence and seed (China, Korea and Japan), but has been introduced and widely longevity of the tree weeds Celtis sinensis and cultivated as a garden plant/shade tree in south-eastern Queensland Cinnamomum camphora. Weed Research, 41(1), 83-95 and northern New South Wales. Celtis sinensis has naturalized throughout much of this region over the past 80 years." "Naturalized Africa Southern Africa: South Africa USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Australasia 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Australia: Australia Queensland Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. New Zealand: New Zealand [Accessed 28 Jan 2018] Northern America Southeastern U.S.A.: United States District of Columbia Southwestern U.S.A.: United States California" 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed Source(s) Notes Gilman, E.F. & Watson, D.G. 1993, Celtis sinensis: Japanese Hackberry. Fact Sheet ST-142. Institute of Food and "Roots: surface roots can lift sidewalks or interfere with mowing" Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL. http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/. [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] Creation Date: 29 Jan 2018 (Celtis sinensis Pers.) Page 4 of 17 TAXON: Celtis sinensis Pers. SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer NSW WeedWise. 2018. Chinese celtis (Celtis sinensis). [Disturbance-adapted environmental weed. See 3.04] "It rapidly http://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Details/37. colonises disturbed bushland, forms dense thickets, replaces native [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] shrubs and trees and dominates riparian vegetation." 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. (2017). A Global Compendium of Weeds. 3rd No evidence Edition. Perth, Western Australia. R.P. Randall 304 Environmental weed y Source(s) Notes "Chinese celtis (Celtis sinensis) is a significant environmental weed in New South Wales and Queensland, and was recently listed as a Queensland Government. (2018). Weeds of Australia. priority environmental weed in two Natural Resource Management Celtis sinensis. https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org. Regions. It is most common and widespread in south-eastern [Accessed 29 Jan 2018] Queensland, where it is actively managed by community groups, and a recent assessment listed it as one of the top ten environmental weeds in this region." "Chinese celtis is a large, invasive tree that has become an environmental weed and a potential weed of agriculture because of its ability to become structurally dominant.
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