Common Hackberry Celtis Occidentalis

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common hackberry Celtis occidentalis Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Division/Phylum: Magnoliophyta The deciduous common hackberry tree may grow to Class: Magnoliopsida 80 feet tall with a trunk diameter of five feet. Its Order: Urticales bark is gray and “warty” becoming scaly and rough on old trees. The simple leaves are arranged Family: Ulmaceae alternately on the stem. Each leaf is oval to lance‐ ILLINOIS STATUS shaped and is uneven at its base. The leaf is usually coarsely toothed and may be six inches long and common, native three inches wide. The flowers are arranged in © Guy Sternberg drooping clusters (sometimes singly). The flower is green‐yellow with no petals. The dark‐purple fruit is nearly round, about one‐third inch in diameter. Each fruit contains one seed. The fruit ripens in September and October. BEHAVIORS The common hackberry may be found statewide in Illinois. This tree grows in low woodlands. The common hackberry flowers in April and May after its leaves are partially grown. Its heavy, soft, pale‐ yellow wood is used for making fence posts and furniture. tree in winter ILLINOIS RANGE leaves and fruit © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2017. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. tree © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2017. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. fruit lumber sample leaves © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2017. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. bark Aquatic Habitats bottomland forests Woodland Habitats bottomland forests; southern Illinois lowlands Prairie Habitats none © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2017. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..

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Celtis Occidentalis
Celtis occidentalis - American or Common Hackberry (Ulmaceae) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Celtis occidentalis is a tough tree for urban or rural -lateral stems often die back a few inches to give a sites, growing rapidly to provide shade, windbreak, ragged appearance to the ends of branches and/or erosion control under stressful conditions. Trunk -light gray to gray-green FEATURES -very corky to warty ornamental bark, slowly Form becoming platy with age -large deciduous tree -often to 3' or more in diameter on old trees, with -maturing at 70' tall x significant basal flair 50' wide -wood is much stronger than Silver Maple (another -upright oval growth quick shade tree) habit in youth, quickly losing its central USAGE leader and becoming Function rounded to irregular in -shade tree (for highly stressed, poor soil, or wet soil habit with age sites where rapid growth is needed), deciduous -rapid growth rate windbreak, pioneer invader tree Culture Texture -full sun -medium texture overall in foliage and when bare -prefers moist soils but (fine-textured twigs, but bold and irregular branching is adaptable to many pattern) adverse conditions, -average density in foliage but thick when bare including wet or dry Assets sites and poor soils -urban tolerant (dry sites, soil compaction, pollution, -propagated primarily wind, heat, acid or alkaline soil tolerant), ornamental by seed but also by rooted stem cuttings or grafted bark, rapid growth, adaptable to wet
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(Celtis Occidentalis) Announcing the 2020 SMA Urban Tree of the Year
savatree.com Announcing the 2020 SMA Urban Tree of the Year: Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Study Area Outline This map, indicating tree canopy Census Block Groups prioritization, addresses the need Tree Canopy Prioritization for green infrastructure, heat island Compiled by Michelle Sutton, City Trees Editor Highest Priority relief and environmental justice. It factors in corresponding maps with the following variables: minority Red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) The experienced Medium populations, median household arborist can tell right away that this tree was topped decades income, impervious surfaces, ago, with the resulting shoot growth making up most of surface temperature and existing Lowest Priority tree canopy. the canopy. The homeowners were unconcerned with the Each fall, risk it posed. They like the shade and they don’t give a hoot SMA members nom- about having to rake leaves. I love homeowners like that! inate and vote for the Urban Tree of the Year; in 2020, the Where are the trees winner of that distinction is hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). in your city? In this tribute to the humble and hardworking hackberry, we SavATree can help you look at the distribution hear from New York Tree Trust of tree canopy across your city and relate it Development Director James to the biophysical and Kaechele; State of Wyoming Community Resource Forester social environment. Tara Costanzo; Upper Arlington, Mapping is a tool Ohio Parks and Forestry to inform program, Superintendent Steve Cothrel; City of Oak Creek, Wisconsin policy, and practice to Urban Forester Rebecca Lane; identify opportunities Hamilton, Ontario Supervisor of for increasing Urban Forestry Tami Sadonoja; environmental equity.
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Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................
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Hackberry/Sugarberry FNR-284-W Daniel L
PURDUE EXTENSION Hardwood Lumber and Veneer Series Hackberry/Sugarberry FNR-284-W Daniel L. Cassens, Professor and Extension Wood Products Specialist Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 This lumber group is composed of two species that cannot be separated once they are processed into lumber or veneer. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) ranges from the Great Plaines to the east coast and from the Great Lakes states to central Tennessee and Arkansas. It is easily recognized by its very warty bark. Hackberry prefers moist, well-drained soil but will grow on limestone outcrops and other droughty areas. It is usually a scattered tree in the forest or more concentrated in old fence rows and at the edge of woods. Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata Willd.) is the southern counterpart to hackberry. It ranges from Virginia to southern Florida and west to the Rio Grande and north to southern Illinois and Indiana. Sugarberry is a southern bottomland species, and the bark is less warty. Both species are medium sized trees 60 to 80 feet tall and 18 inches to 4 feet in diameter. The largest hackberry reported is 6.6 feet in diameter and the largest sugarberry is 8.5 feet in diameter at 4½ feet above the ground. Wood Color and Texture The sapwood is usually a very light yellowish green and wide in healthy trees. A variegated brown wood can develop in the heart and around dead branch stubs. Chip Morrison Dark streaks of mineral are common. As a white Hackberry tree sapwood species, the wood develops both fungal and oxidation stains very quickly in warm weather.
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A Full List of Trees, Shrubs, Plants
NATIVE PLANTS FOUND ALONG THE RIVER WALK SHRUBS AND VINES Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Plants with local provenance possess adaptations accumulated American bittersweet Celastrus scandens Sweet pepperbush Clethra acuminata over eons, making them uniquely suited to the local environment. Sweet pepperbush Clethra alnifolia We use The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist Sweet fern Comptonia peregrina Flowering dogwood Cornus ﬂorida ‘Cherokee Princess’ and Pamela Weatherbee’s Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana as our references for native plants. The following native plants can Winterberry Ilex verticillata Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia be found along the River Walk: Spicebush Lindera benzoin Moonseed vine Menispermum canadense TREES Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Sumac Rhus typhina Brambles Rubus allegheniensis Box elder Acer negundo Elderberry Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Striped maple Acer pensylvanicum Pussy-willow Salix discolor Red maple Acer rubrum Native willow Salix sp. Silver maple Acer saccharinum Meadowsweet Spirea latifolia Sugar maple Acer saccharum Silky dogwood Swida amomum Speckled alder Alnus incana Gray dogwood Swida racemosa Shadblow Amelanchier canadense Red twigged dogwood Swida sericea Shadblow Amelanchier laevis Mapleleaf viburnum Viburnum acerifolium Sweet birch Betula lenta Witherod viburnum Viburnum cassinoides River birch Betula nigra Nannyberry viburnum Viburnum lentago Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana Black-haw viburnum Viburnum prunifolium
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Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees
Selecting juglone-tolerant plants Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) can be very attractive in the home landscape when grown as shade trees, reaching a potential height of 100 feet. The walnuts they produce are a food source for squirrels, other wildlife and people as well. However, whether a black walnut tree already exists on your property or you are considering planting one, be aware that black walnuts produce juglone. This is a natural but toxic chemical they produce to reduce competition for resources from other plants. This natural self-defense mechanism can be harmful to nearby plants causing “walnut wilt.” Having a walnut tree in your landscape, however, certainly does not mean the landscape will be barren. Not all plants are sensitive to juglone. Many trees, vines, shrubs, ground covers, annuals and perennials will grow and even thrive in close proximity to a walnut tree. Production and Effect of Juglone Toxicity Juglone, which occurs in all parts of the black walnut tree, can affect other plants by several means: Stems Through root contact Leaves Through leakage or decay in the soil Through falling and decaying leaves When rain leaches and drips juglone from leaves Nuts and hulls and branches onto plants below. Juglone is most concentrated in the buds, nut hulls and All parts of the black walnut tree produce roots and, to a lesser degree, in leaves and stems. Plants toxic juglone to varying degrees. located beneath the canopy of walnut trees are most at risk. In general, the toxic zone around a mature walnut tree is within 50 to 60 feet of the trunk, but can extend to 80 feet.
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Common Hackberry Were Mixed with COMMON Fat and Corn to Form Porridge Or Crushed to Add Flavor to Foods
Plant Guide The drupes of common hackberry were mixed with COMMON fat and corn to form porridge or crushed to add flavor to foods. They were also pounded into a paste, HACKBERRY molded onto a stick and baked over an open fire. Celtis occidentalis L. Common hackberry was used as the fuel source for Plant Symbol = CEOC the altar fire at peyote ceremonies, prayer ceremonies that utilized the hallucinogenic peyote cactus. At the Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data beginning of each of the four stages of the ceremony, Center the altar fire was replenished with common hackberry wood. Ornamental: Although the features of common hackberry are not considered attractive, it is commonly used as a street tree because of its ability to withstand drought and tolerate urban environments. Common hackberry is also a bonsai species. Wildlife: Wild turkey, ring-necked pheasant, quail, grouse, lesser prairie chicken, cedar waxwing, robins, and other bird species consume common hackberry fruit, which persist throughout the winter. Small E.W. Chester. 2004 mammals also consume the fruit. Deer will browse University of Tennessee Herbarium common hackberry leaves in the absence of preferred browse species. Common hackberry provides good Alternate Names cover for species such as mule deer, white-tailed American hackberry, beaverwood, Celtis canina, deer, upland game birds, small non-game birds, and Celtis occidentalis ssp. tenuifolia, Celtis occidentalis small mammals. var. crassifolia, Celtis occidentalis var. georgiana, Celtis occidentalis var. integrifolia, Celtis Wood products: Common hackberry is most occidentalis var. pumila, Celtis pumila, Celtis pumila commonly used as firewood. It is not valuable as a var.
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Celtis 'Magnifica''magnifica' 'Magnifica''magnifica' Hackberryhackberry
CeltisCeltis 'Magnifica''Magnifica' 'Magnifica''Magnifica' HackberryHackberry Celtis ‘Magnifica’ (‘Magnifica’ Hackberry, synonym: Celtis occidentalis ‘Magnifica’) is a cross between Celtis occidentalis and Celtis laevigataand was discovered by Princeton Nurseries in New Jersey in 1983. The selection grows faster than both of its parents, suffers less from plagues and disease (particularly witch’s brooms and leaf gall), but due to its origins from the Celtis laevigata, it is less winter-hardy, and only reaches up to winterhardiness zone 5A. The crown is wide, egg-shaped and dense, takes on a vase shape at an older age due to its outermost branches that form beautiful arches, and is similar to the crown of the Ulmus americana. The ‘Magnifica’ Hackberry grows up to 15 metres high and 12 metres wide. Its decorative bark with cork and beautiful hanging twigs stand out, even in young specimens of Celtis‘Magnifica’. The tree blooms discrete, white-green flowers in late April, early May. The egg-shaped, serrate, rough leaves are a bright green with a slightly matte underside, and turn a warm yellow in autumn. At the end of September, small, edible stonefruits appear that go from red-violet to almost black later on, which will stay on the tree until deep into winter. However, Celtis‘Magnifica’ bears far fewer of these than its parents, which can be seen as a major advantage when planting the species in public spaces. Like its parents, the ‘Magnifica’ Hackberry can handle heat, drought and strong (coastal) winds very well. But it can also handle pavement, air pollution, salt spray and compaction, making the selection very well suited to use in challenging locations, such as streets and avenues, car parks, industrial areas and along roads.
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Celtis Sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) Naturalised in Northern South Africa and Keys to Distinguish Between Celtis Species Commonly Cultivated in Urban Environments
Bothalia - African Biodiversity & Conservation ISSN: (Online) 2311-9284, (Print) 0006-8241 Page 1 of 9 Original Research Celtis sinensis Pers. (Ulmaceae) naturalised in northern South Africa and keys to distinguish between Celtis species commonly cultivated in urban environments Authors: Background: Alien Celtis species are commonly cultivated in South Africa. They are easily 1 Stefan J. Siebert confused with indigenous C. africana Burm.f. and are often erroneously traded as such. Celtis Madeleen Struwig1,2,3 Leandra Knoetze1 australis L. is a declared alien invasive tree. Celtis sinensis Pers. is not, but has become Dennis M. Komape1 conspicuous in urban open spaces. Affiliations: Objectives: This study investigates the extent to which C. sinensis has become naturalised, 1Unit for Environmental constructs keys to distinguish between indigenous and cultivated Celtis species, and provides Sciences and Management, a descriptive treatment of C. sinensis. North-West University, South Africa Methods: Land-cover types colonised by C. sinensis were randomly sampled with 16 belt transects. Woody species were identified, counted and height measured to determine the 2 Department of Soil, Crop population structure. C. africana and the three alien Celtis species were cultivated for 2 years and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, and compared morphologically. South Africa Results: Celtis sinensis, Ligustrum lucidum and Melia azedarach were found to be alien species, 3Department of Botany, most abundant in urban areas. The population structure of C. sinensis corresponds to that of National Museum, the declared invasive alien, M. azedarach. Although C. africana occurs naturally, it is not South Africa regularly cultivated. This is ascribed to erroneous plantings because of its resemblance to juvenile plants of C.
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The Genetic Structure of Celtis Tenuifolia and Comparisons to the Related Species C
The genetic structure of Celtis tenuifolia and comparisons to the related species C. occidentalis, and C. laevigata: Implications for the conservation management of threatened populations in Southern Ontario by Andrew Hayes A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2019, Andrew Hayes Abstract Celtis tenuifolia is a threatened shrub species in southern Ontario which co-occurs with Celtis occidentalis and Celtis laevigata across the eastern United States. Although it is quite common further south, only six disjunct sites in Ontario currently exist, and these fragmented populations are susceptible to extinction due to habitat loss caused by quarrying operations, sand pit expansion, and beetle infestations. It is difficult for conservation managers to distinguish the three related Celtis species morphologically, and taxonomists have questioned the species limits in this group. Using microsatellite markers and flow cytometry, we assessed the relationship between genetic diversity, ploidy, and morphology in this group. We have determined that C. tenuifolia is an apomictic triploid with hybrid origins, and flow cytometry provides a reliable tool for distinguishing it from the sexual diploids C. occidentalis and C. laevigata. Furthermore, the same C. tenuifolia genotypes occur in a variety of ecological settings, demonstrating remarkable phenotypic plasticity. The results of these assessments will provide direction to the conservation management of Celtis tenuifolia, specifically providing field workers with reliable identification of the plant, as well as resolving concerns around hybridization and the risks of inbreeding and outbreeding depression. ii Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my supervisor, Tyler Smith, for his support, guidance and patience throughout this project.
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GREEN AREA RATIO PLANT LIST 1 August 2016
GREEN AREA RATIO PLANT LIST Trees Scientific name Common name Canopy Canopy >40' Sun / Shade Native Bioretention Notes ≤40' Suitability Abies concolor White Fir x Sun / partial Acer buergerianum Trident Maple x Full sun Acer campestre Hedge Maple x Sun / partial Acer griseum Paperbark maple x Full sun Acer rubrum Red Maple x Sun / partial x Acer saccharum Sugar Maple x Sun / partial Acer truncatum Shantung Maple x Sun / partial Acer x freemani Freeman Maple x Sun / partial Aesculus flava Yellow Buckeye x Full sun x Aesculus hippocastanum Horsechestnut x Sun / partial Aesculus x carnea Red Horsechestnut x Sun / partial Amelanchier arborea Downy Serviceberry x Shade / partial x Amelanchier canadensis Shadblow Serviceberry x Sun / partial x x Amelanchier laevis Allegheny Serviceberry x Sun / partial Amelanchier x grandiflora Apple Serviceberry x Sun / partial x Asimina triloba Pawpaw x Sun / partial x x Pollinator Betula nigra River Birch x Sun / partial x x Carpinus betulus European Hornbeam x Sun / partial Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam x Sun / partial x Carya glabra Pignut Hickory x Sun / partial x Carya illinoinensis Pecan DRAFTx Sun / partial Carya mollissima Chinese Chestnut x Sun / partial Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory x Sun / shade x Catalpa spp. Catalpa x Sun /partial Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar x Full sun Cedrus deodara Deodar Cedar x Full sun Celtis laevigata Sugarberry x Sun / partial Celtis occidentalis Hackberry x Sun / partial x x Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsuratree x Sun / partial Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud
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Plant List and Planting Guidance for Landscape- Based Stormwater Measures
Appendix BB Plant List and Planting Guidance for Landscape- Based Stormwater Measures Table of Contents B.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... B-1 B.2 General Recommendations ............................................................................ B-2 B.3 Plants for Stormwater Measures ..................................................................... B-3 B.4 Planting Specifications .................................................................................. B-12 B.5 Monitoring and Maintenance ......................................................................... B-14 B.6 Bay-Friendly Landscaping and IPM .............................................................. B-16 B.7 Nursery Sources for Native Plants ................................................................ B-20 References ............................................................................................................. B-22 B.1 Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to provide guidance on the planting techniques and selection of appropriate plant The plant lists described in materials for the stormwater measures described in this this appendix are not handbook. prescriptive, but should serve as a guide. In The plant lists described in this appendix are not selecting plant materials, it prescriptive, but should serve as a guide. In selecting plant selecting plant materials, it materials, it is important to consider factors that influence is important to consider
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