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Home , Celtis occidentalis, Cryptotaenia, Eurybia divaricata, Eurybia schreberi

NATIVE FOUND ALONG THE RIVER WALK SHRUBS AND VINES

Bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Plants with local provenance possess adaptations accumulated American bittersweet Celastrus scandens Sweet pepperbush Clethra acuminata over eons, making them uniquely suited to the local environment. Sweet pepperbush Clethra alnifolia We use The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist Sweet fern Comptonia peregrina Flowering dogwood Cornus florida ‘Cherokee Princess’ and Pamela Weatherbee’s Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana as our references for native plants. The following native plants can Winterberry Ilex verticillata Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia be found along the River Walk: Spicebush Lindera benzoin Moonseed vine Menispermum canadense creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Rhus typhina Brambles Rubus allegheniensis Box elder Acer negundo Elderberry Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Striped Acer pensylvanicum Pussy-willow Salix discolor Red maple Acer rubrum Native willow Salix sp. Silver maple Acer saccharinum Meadowsweet Spirea latifolia Sugar maple Acer saccharum Silky dogwood Swida amomum Speckled alder Alnus incana Gray dogwood Swida racemosa Shadblow Amelanchier canadense Red twigged dogwood Swida sericea Shadblow Amelanchier laevis Mapleleaf viburnum Viburnum acerifolium Sweet birch Betula lenta Witherod viburnum Viburnum cassinoides River birch Betula nigra Nannyberry viburnum Viburnum lentago Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana Black-haw viburnum Viburnum prunifolium Catalpa Catalpa bignonioides Northern arrowwood viburnum Viburnum recognitum Hackberry occidentalis Cranberry viburnum Viburnum trilobum American filbert Corylus americana Grapevines Vitis sp. hawthorne Crataegus phaenopyrum Beech Fagus grandfolia Butternut Juglans cinerea Tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera White pine Pinus strobus HERBACEOUS PLANTS Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Cottonwood Populus deltoides Three-seeded Mercury Acalypha virginica Pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica Doll’s eyes Actaea pachypoda Black cherry Prunus serotina Red baneberry Actaea rubra Swamp white Quercus bicolor Maidenhair fern Adiantum pedatum Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa White snakeroot Ageratina altissma Pin oak Agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala Black willow Salix nigra Agrimony Agrimonia sp. American linden Tilia americana Wild leek Allium tricoccum Hemlock Tsuga canadensis Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia American Ulmus americana Canada anemone Anemone canadensis 46 47 NATIVE PLANTS FOUND ALONG THE RIVERWALK CONTINUED

Thimbleweed Anemone virginica Twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla Rue anemone Anemonella thalictroides Canada rush Juncus canadensis Wild columbine Aquilegia canadensis Twinflower Linnaea borealis Jack-in-the-pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Cardinal flower Lobelia cardinalis Canadian Asarum canadense Great blue lobelia Lobelia siphilitica European ginger Asarum europaeum Wild lupine Lupinus perennis Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata Mayflower Maianthemum canadense Common milkweed Asclepias syriaca Ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris Butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa Black medick Medicago lupulina Lady fern Athyrium filix-femina Mitrewort Mitella breweri Marsh marigold Caltha palustris Mitrewort Mitella diphylla Pennsylvania sedge Carex pensylvanica Wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa Plantain-leaved sedge Carex plantaginea Common evening primrose Oenothera biennis Various sedges Carex sp. Sensitive fern Onoclea sensilbilis Blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides fern Osmunda cinnamomea Honewort Interrupted fern Osmunda claytoniana Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula Royal fern Osmunda regalis Dutchman’s breeches Dicentra cucullaria Pachysandra Pachysandra allegheniensis Tall flat-topped white Doellingeria umbellata Allegheny spurge Pachysandra procumbens Spinulose fern Dryopteris carthusiana Hairy beard-tongue Penstemon hirsutus Marginal wood fern Dryopteris marginalis Wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata Wood fern Dryopteris sp. Pokeweed Phytolacca americana Canadian wild rye Elymus canadense Common plantain Plantago major Riverbank wild rye Elymus riparius May apple Podophyllum peltatum Virginia wild rye Elymus virginicus Jacob’s ladder Polemonium reptans Purple lovegrass Eragrostis spectabilis Giant Solomon’s seal Polygonatum biflorum Daisy fleabane Erigeron annuus Solomon’s seal Polygonatum pubescens Horseweed Erigeron canadensis Pennsylvania smartweed Polygonum pensylvanica ‘Gateway’ Joe-Pye weed Eutrochium maculatum Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Joe-Pye weed Eutrochium purpureum Braun’s holly fern Polystichum braunii White wood aster divaricata Mountain mint Pycnanthemum muticum Shreber’s aster Nees Thimbleberry Rubus odoratus Sweet woodruff Brambles Rubus sp. Winterberry Gaultheria procumbens Tall coneflower Rudbeckia laciniata Andrew’s bottle gentian Gentiana andrewsii Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis Wild geranium Geranium maculatum Little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Robert Geranium robertianum Bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus White avens Geum canadense Cup- Silphium perfoliatum Thin-leaved sunflower Helianthus decapetalus False Solomon’s seal Smilacina racemosa Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus Starry false Solomon’s seal Smilacina stellata Waterleaf Hydrophyllum virginianum Wreath goldenrod Solidago caesia Blue flag iris Iris versicolor Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis 48 49 NATIVE PLANTS FOUND ALONG THE RIVERWALK CONTINUED

Early goldenrod Solidago juncea Purple-stem angelica (Fadding-West Stockbridge) A. atropurpurea Indian grass Sorghastrum nutans Striped maple (Brock-Monterey) Acer pensylvanicum Blue heart- aster Symphyotrichum cordifolium Red maple (Fadding-Glendale) Acer rubum Heath aster Symphyotrichum ericoides Mountain maple (Fernside Rd.-Tyringham) Acer spicatum Smooth aster Symphyotrichum laeve White snakeroot (Fadding-Glendale, Rose-Alford) Ageratina altissima Calico aster Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Agrimony (Ben’s Spring-Alford) Agrimonia gryposepala New England aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Thimbleweed (Lord/Douillet-Housatonic) Anemone virginica Early meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum Wild columbine (Sayman-Richmond) Aquilegia canadensis Foamflower Tiarella cordifolia Wild sarsaparilla (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic) Aralia nudicaulis Virginia knotweed Tovara virginiana Jack-in-the-pulpit (Fadding-Glendale, Feick-Richmond) Arisaema triphyllum Clover Trifolium Black chokeberry (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Aronia melanocarpa Trillium Trillium erectum American ginger (River Walk) Asarum canadense Stinging nettle Urtica dioica Butterfly weed (River Walk) Asclepias tuberosa Large-flowered bellwort Uvularia grandiflora Calico aster (Fadding-Glendale, Rose-Alford) Aster lateriflorum Blue vervain Verbena hastata Aster (Fadding-Glendale) Aster sp. Culver’s root Veronicastrum virginicum Sweet birch (Laurel Hill) Betula lenta Fringed violet Viola fimbriatula Bur marigold (Route 7-Stockbridge) Bidens cernua Labrador violet Viola labradorica Marsh marigold (Glendale) Caltha palustris Barren strawberry Waldsteinia ternata Plaintain-leaved sedge (Weatherbee-Williamstown) Carex plantaginea Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea Shagbark hickory (Chesterwood-Glendale) Carya ovata Blue cohosh (Rose-Alford) Caulophyllum thalictroides Clematis (Division St-Alford) Clematis virginiana Honewort (Rose-Alford) Cryptotaenia canadensis Hay-scented fern (Rose-Alford) Dennstaedtia punctilobula Riverbank wild rye (Weatherbee-Williamstown) Elymus riparius Fleabane (Rose-Alford) Erigeron pulchellus Boneset (Fadding-West Stockbridge, Palumbo-Sheffield) Eupatorium perfoliatum White wood aster (Rose-Alford) Eurybia divaricate NATIVE NATIVES (BERKSHIRE COUNTY PROVENANCE) Big-leaved aster (Lahey Cross Rd.-Glendale) Schreber’s aster (Lahey Cross Rd.-Glendale) Eurybia schreberi Nees Wild geranium (Rose-Alford) Geranium maculatum Since 1999, River Walk volunteers have collected seed and White avens (Fadding-Glendale, River Walk) Geum canadense Thin-leaved sunflower (Fadding-Glendale) Helianthus decapetalus propagated plants with Berkshire County provenance. River Walk Waterleaf (Fadding-Glendale, River Walk) Hydrophyllum canadense itself has become a seed source for these plants. We call these Waterleaf (Poole-Alford) Hydrophyllum virginianum Bottle brush grass (Simon’s Dike-Sheffield) Hystrix patula plants Native Natives and identify their property owners and towns Blue flag iris (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Iris versicolor of origin. By choosing local source material for propagation, we Cardinal flower (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Lobelia cardinalis Wild bergamot (West Center Rd.-West Stockbridge) Monarda fistulosa take advantage of any adaptations that time and natural selection Whorled wood aster (Douillet-Housatonic, have developed in these species. Fadding-Glendale) Oclemena acuminate Sweet (Rose-Alford) claytonii

50 51 NATIVE NATIVES (BERKSHIRE COUNTY PROVENANCE) CONTINUED THE HOUSATONIC RIVER

Virginia creeper (Fadding-Glendale) Parthenocissus quinquefolia The Housatonic River flows 150 miles from four sources in western Hairy beard-tongue (Rose-Alford) Penstemon hirsutus Pokeweed (Fadding-Glendale) Phytolacca americana Massachusetts, passing through the Berkshires and western Clearweed (Fadding-Glendale, Sayman-Richmond) Pilea pumila Connecticut before it empties into Long Island Sound. The watershed, Giant Solomon’s seal (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic) Polygonatum canaliculatum Cottonwood (Fadding-Glendale) Populus deltoides or land area that drains into the river, encompasses 1,948 square Gall-of-the-earth (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic, miles and includes hundreds of rivers and streams. Mary Flynn Trail-Stockbridge) Prenanthes trifoliata Bracken fern (Mary Flynn Trail-Stockbridge) Pteridium aquilinum Thimbleberry (Fadding-Glendale) Rubus odoratus VOLUNTEERS AND PERSONNEL Dwarf raspberry (Fadding swamp-Glendale) Rubus pubescens Peach-leaved willow (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Salix amygdaloides Heart-leaved willow (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Salix eriocephala River Walk is a community designed and created trail founded Elderberry (Rose-Alford) Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis Purple oats (Weatherbee-Williamstown) Schizachne purpurascens by Rachel Fletcher and created by more than 2800 volunteers. Carpenter’s square (Berkshire County) Scrophularia marylandica False Solomon’s seal (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic, Rose-Alford) Smilacina racemosa The riverside trailway was designed and engineered by Peter Jensen Wreath goldenrod (Rt. 183-Housatonic) Solidago caesia Zig-zag goldenrod (Mary Flynn Trail-Stockbridge) Solidago flexicaulis of Peter S. Jensen & Associates, LLC. The native habitat reclamation Early goldenrod (Rose-Alford, Dugway Rd.-Housatonic) Solidago juncea is the work of horticulturalist Heather Cupo, B.S.L.A. of Plant Rough goldenrod (Shmulsky-Sheffield) Solidago rugosa Grey dogwood (Fadding-Glendale) Swida racemosa Euphoria, biologist Suzanne Fowle, and the late Monica Fadding. Red-twigged dogwood (Fadding-Glendale) Swida sericea Greenagers, directed by Will Conklin and Elia Del Molino, maintain Blue heart-leaved aster (Fadding-Glendale, Rose-Alford) Symphyotrichum cordifolium the trail and oversee site work. Heath aster (Lanes Quarry-West Stockbridge) Symphyotrichum ericoides Tall meadow rue (Pleasant Valley-Lenox, Rt.7-Stockbridge) Thalictrum pubescens Volunteers with more than 100 hours in the field include Jumpseed (Berkshire County) Tovara virginianum Starflower (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic) Trientalis borealis Peter Barrett, Gail Berneike, Don Bernier, Glen Chamberlin, Common cattail (Fadding-West Stockbridge) Typha latifolia Peter Ghani Champoux, Ann Condon, Will Conklin, Dana Elm (Fadding-Glendale) Ulmus sp. Vervain (River Walk) Verbena hastata Cummings, Heather Cupo, Bernard Drew, Monica Schultz Fadding, Ovate-leaved violet (Fowle/Schroeder-Housatonic) Viola fimbriatula Golden Alexanders (Fadding-Glendale) Zizia aurea Rachel Fletcher, Erik Hans Jensen, Peter Jensen, Alden Johnson, Bernard Kirchner, John Mallory, Tony Manzon, Will Marsh, Bob Mills, Mark Pieropan, Judd Reiss, and Comstock Small.

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