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APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs (annual, biennial or perennial), a few shrubs and trees, often aromatic Stem: often hollow between stem nodes, commonly branched Root: Leaves: usually finely pinnate, sometimes palmate but rarely simple; leaf bases often broad; base of petioles usually sheathed; alternate and/or basal but rarely opposite or whorled; no stipules Flowers: mostly perfect; mostly small; sepals 5 and united, very small, or sometimes absent; petals 5 and small, bracts common; flowers mostly in compound (branching) umbels (radial sprays) – branches of umbels are termed ‘rays’ and bracts, if present, of individual umbels or umbellets termed ‘bractlets or bracteoles’; 5 stamens alternate with petals; ovary inferior, 1 pistil, 2 styles, most have 2 carpels Fruit: 2 dry, one-seeded, fruits (schizocarp with 2 mericarps); may be winged; some with aromatic oils Other: Old family name was Umbelliferae ; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 300-450+ genera; many local genera WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Apiaceae (Carrot Family) - 5 petals (often white or yellow, mostly small), sepals small or absent; flowers in umbels or mostly compound umbels; leaf petiole usually sheathed; leaves often pinnate; fruit a schizocarp – many local genera compound umbels most common 5 petals, often small, usually white or yellow Single umbels Often with a sheath at base of petiole Fruit a schizocarp – a dry fruit that splits into one-seed portions, some bur-like Leaves often pinnately compound but not always APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Bishop's Goutweed; Aegopodium podagraria L. (Introduced) Purple-Stemmed Angelica; Angelica atropurpurea L. Hairy Angelica; Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald Wild [Hairyfruit] Chervil; Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Bulblet-Bearing Water Hemlock; Cicuta bulbifera L. [Spotted] Water Hemlock; Cicuta maculata L. (var. maculata?) Poison Hemlock; Conium maculatum L. (Introduced) [Canadian] Honewort; Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Finger Dogshade; Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; Bird’s Nest]; Daucus carota L. (Introduced) Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt]; Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Leavenworth's Eryngo; Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray Creeping [Spreading] Eryngo; Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Rattlesnake Master [Button Eryngo or Snakeroot]; Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Common Cow-Parsnip [Masterwort]; Heracleum maximum Bartram Largeleaf [Seaside] Pennywort; Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Floating Marsh [Buttercup] Pennywort; Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. [Wolly] Sweet Cicely; Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Aniseroot [Smooth Sweet Cicely]; Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. [Stiff] Cowbane; Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. Wild Parsnip; Pastinaca sativa L. (Introduced) Nuttall's Prairie Parsley; Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Laceflower; Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Canadian Black Snakeroot; Sanicula canadensis L. Maryland Sanicle [Black Snakeroot]; Sanicula marilandica L. Clustered Black Snakeroot [Clustered Sanicle]; Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe (S. gregaria) [Hemlock] Water-Parsnip; Sium suave Walter Yellow Pimpernel; Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Hairy-Joint Meadow Parsnip; Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Spreading [Field] Hedge-Parsley; Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. Arvensis (Introduced) Heart-Leaved Golden Alexanders [Meadow Zizia]; Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Golden Alexanders [Golden Zizia]; Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Bishop's Goutweed USDA Aegopodium podagraria L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, no sepals, in compound umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate) below and often fewer above, irregularly double-toothed and sometimes lobed; stem and fruit glabrous; spring (white-leaved cultivar) [V Max Brown, 2009] Purple-Stemmed [Great] Angelica USDA Angelica atropurpurea L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large glabrous compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath (>1cm width) on upper leaves; stems glabrous and purplish; fruit glabrous; large plant (2 m+); wet areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Hairy Angelica USDA Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large hairy compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath on upper leaves; stems hairy above but glabrous and purplish below; fruit slightly hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Wild [Hairyfruit] Chervil USDA Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in small compound umbels (2-10-15), pedicel widens toward tip; leaves twice pinnate, hairy at least beneath, sheaths at stem (hairy); stem mostly hairy; fruit small, somewhat club-shaped, usually hairy; plant variable but at least the stem is usually hairy; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Bulblet-Bearing Water USDA Hemlock Cicuta bulbifera L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in compound umbels (up to 6 cm); leaves twice pinnate, mostly linear to very narrow lanceolate, usually with fine teeth, sheaths at stem, bulblets present in many upper leaf axils; stem smooth; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] [Spotted; Common] Water USDA Hemlock Cicuta maculata L. (var. maculata?) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; leaves twice pinnate, lanceolate, serrate, with sheaths at stem, no bulblets in leaf axils; stem smooth, often spotted near base; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Poison Hemlock USDA Conium maculatum L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; stem purple-spotted, glabrous, often glaucous, very tall; leaves alternate, some basal, 2-4 pinnate, lobed; reported to be very poisonous (remember Socrates); late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005] [Canadian] Honewort USDA Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate), irregularly to double-toothed, 1 or more may be lobed, upper leaves alternate; stem and fruit glabrous; woods; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Finger Dogshade USDA Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, very small, white, in compound umbels, sepals very small teeth, involucre bracts usually 2-5 and linear; leaves alternate and sometimes basal, usually 3-5 linear palmate leaflets; fruit pods brown with ribs; stem glabrous; moist or swampy areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; USDA Bird’s Nest] Daucus carota L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white (rarely pink), in compound umbels, rays bend upward, bracts large and pinnately divided; leaves 2-3 pinnate, lobed or dissected; stem hairy; fruit resembles a “birds nest”; common plant in many habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt] USDA Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white with reddish-brown to black anthers, in mostly compound umbels with subtending bractlets, no sepals; leaves mostly basal, 1-2 pinnate, usually 3 leaflets divided into segments or lobed; moist or wet woods; early spring [V Max Brown, 2006] Leavenworth's Eryngo USDA Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Crawford State Park, Crawford County, Kansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, usually purple, each subtended by a bractlet in a dense globe-like head, large spiny bracts at base and crown (purple tinged); leaves alternate, sessile, palmately lobed (spiny), with netted veins, basal leaves usually unlobed (mostly withered at time of flowering); late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2011] Creeping [Spreading] USDA Eryngo Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Greers Ferry Lake, Cleburne County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small and densely packed on head or receptacle ( < 10 mm in length), usually purple (blue or rarely white), each subtended by a bractlet, 5 to 10 bracts at base; leaves opposite and often whorled and basal – basal leaves with long petioles, stem leaves sessile to short petiolate, entire or coarsely toothed; plant perennial, prostrate, rooting at nodes; usually in moist or wet habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2014] Rattlesnake Master [Button USDA Eryngo or Snakeroot] Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Mountain View area, Howell County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, each subtended by a sharp
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  • Aegopodium Podagraria

    Aegopodium Podagraria

    Aegopodium podagraria INTRODUCTORY DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIRE EFFECTS AND MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS APPENDIX: FIRE REGIME TABLE REFERENCES INTRODUCTORY AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION FEIS ABBREVIATION NRCS PLANT CODE COMMON NAMES TAXONOMY SYNONYMS LIFE FORM Variegated goutweed. All-green goutweed. Photos by John Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION: Waggy, Melissa, A. 2010. Aegopodium podagraria. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [ 2010, January 21]. FEIS ABBREVIATION: AEGPOD NRCS PLANT CODE [87]: AEPO COMMON NAMES: goutweed bishop's goutweed bishop's weed bishopsweed ground elder herb Gerard TAXONOMY: The scientific name of goutweed is Aegopodium podagraria L. (Apiaceae) [40]. SYNONYMS: Aegopodium podagraria var. podagraria [71] Aegopodium podagraria var. variegatum Bailey [40,71] LIFE FORM: Forb DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE SPECIES: Aegopodium podagraria GENERAL DISTRIBUTION HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Goutweed was introduced in North America from Europe [82]. In the United States, goutweed occurs from Maine south to South Carolina and west to Minnesota and Missouri. It also occurs in the Pacific Northwest from Montana to Washington and Oregon. It occurs in all the Canadian provinces excepting Newfoundland and Labrador, and Alberta. Plants Database provides a distributional map of goutweed. Globally, goutweed occurs primarily in the northern hemisphere, particularly in Europe, Asia Minor ([28,36,58,92], reviews by [14,27]), and Russia (review by [27,63]). Goutweed's native distribution is unclear. It may have been introduced in England (review by [2]) and is considered a "weed" in the former Soviet Union, Germany, Finland (Holm 1979 cited in [14]), and Poland [44].