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Home , Apiaceae, Cryptotaenia, Erigenia, Osmorhiza, Osmorhiza claytonii, Osmorhiza longistylis

– OR PARSELY FAMILY : mostly (annual, biennial or perennial), a few and trees, often aromatic Stem: often hollow between stem nodes, commonly branched Root: : usually finely pinnate, sometimes palmate but rarely simple; bases often broad; base of petioles usually sheathed; alternate and/or basal but rarely opposite or whorled; no stipules : mostly perfect; mostly small; 5 and united, very small, or sometimes absent; 5 and small, common; flowers mostly in compound (branching) (radial sprays) – branches of umbels are termed ‘rays’ and bracts, if present, of individual umbels or umbellets termed ‘bractlets or bracteoles’; 5 alternate with petals; ovary inferior, 1 pistil, 2 styles, most have 2 carpels : 2 dry, one-seeded, (schizocarp with 2 mericarps); may be winged; some with aromatic oils Other: Old family name was Umbelliferae ; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 300-450+ genera; many local genera

WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Apiaceae (Carrot Family) - 5 petals (often white or yellow, mostly small), sepals small or absent; flowers in umbels or mostly compound umbels; leaf usually sheathed; leaves often pinnate; fruit a schizocarp – many local genera

compound umbels most common

5 petals, often small, usually white or yellow

Single umbels

Often with a sheath at base of petiole

Fruit a schizocarp – a dry fruit that splits into one- portions, some bur-like

Leaves often pinnately compound but not always APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY

Bishop's Goutweed; podagraria L. (Introduced) Purple-Stemmed ; L. Hairy Angelica; (Greenway) Fernald Wild [Hairyfruit] ; tainturieri Hook. Bulblet-Bearing Water Hemlock; bulbifera L. [Spotted] Water Hemlock; L. (var. maculata?) Poison Hemlock; maculatum L. (Introduced) [Canadian] Honewort; canadensis (L.) DC. Finger Dogshade; digitatum DC. Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; Bird’s Nest]; carota L. (Introduced) Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt]; bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Leavenworth's Eryngo; leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray Creeping [Spreading] Eryngo; Nutt. ex DC. Rattlesnake Master [Button Eryngo or Snakeroot]; Michx. Common Cow- [Masterwort]; maximum Bartram Largeleaf [Seaside] Pennywort; bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Floating Marsh [Buttercup] Pennywort; Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. [Wolly] Sweet ; claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Aniseroot [Smooth Sweet Cicely]; (Torr.) DC. [Stiff] Cowbane; rigidior (L.) Raf. Wild Parsnip; sativa L. (Introduced) Nuttall's Prairie ; nuttallii DC. Laceflower; nuttallii (DC.) Britt. APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY

Canadian Black Snakeroot; canadensis L. Maryland Sanicle [Black Snakeroot]; L. Clustered Black Snakeroot [Clustered Sanicle]; (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe (S. gregaria) [Hemlock] Water-Parsnip; suave Walter Yellow Pimpernel; integerrima (L.) Drude Hairy-Joint Meadow Parsnip; barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Spreading [Field] Hedge-Parsley; arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. Arvensis (Introduced) Heart-Leaved Golden Alexanders [Meadow ]; (Gray) . Golden Alexanders [Golden Zizia]; (L.) W.D.J. Koch Bishop's Goutweed USDA L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled , small, white, no sepals, in compound umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate) below and often fewer above, irregularly double-toothed and sometimes lobed; stem and fruit glabrous; spring (white-leaved cultivar) [V Max Brown, 2009] Purple-Stemmed [Great] Angelica USDA Angelica atropurpurea L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large glabrous compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath (>1cm width) on upper leaves; stems glabrous and purplish; fruit glabrous; large plant (2 m+); wet areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Hairy Angelica USDA Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large hairy compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath on upper leaves; stems hairy above but glabrous and purplish below; fruit slightly hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Wild [Hairyfruit] Chervil USDA Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in small compound umbels (2-10-15), pedicel widens toward tip; leaves twice pinnate, hairy at least beneath, sheaths at stem (hairy); stem mostly hairy; fruit small, somewhat club-shaped, usually hairy; plant variable but at least the stem is usually hairy; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Bulblet-Bearing Water USDA Hemlock L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in compound umbels (up to 6 cm); leaves twice pinnate, mostly linear to very narrow lanceolate, usually with fine teeth, sheaths at stem, bulblets present in many upper leaf axils; stem smooth; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] [Spotted; Common] Water USDA Hemlock Cicuta maculata L. (var. maculata?) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; leaves twice pinnate, lanceolate, serrate, with sheaths at stem, no bulblets in leaf axils; stem smooth, often spotted near base; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Poison Hemlock USDA L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; stem purple-spotted, glabrous, often glaucous, very tall; leaves alternate, some basal, 2-4 pinnate, lobed; reported to be very poisonous (remember Socrates); late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005] [Canadian] Honewort USDA (L.) DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate), irregularly to double-toothed, 1 or more may be lobed, upper leaves alternate; stem and fruit glabrous; woods; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Finger Dogshade USDA Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, very small, white, in compound umbels, sepals very small teeth, involucre bracts usually 2-5 and linear; leaves alternate and sometimes basal, usually 3-5 linear palmate leaflets; fruit pods brown with ribs; stem glabrous; moist or swampy areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; USDA Bird’s Nest] L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white (rarely pink), in compound umbels, rays bend upward, bracts large and pinnately divided; leaves 2-3 pinnate, lobed or dissected; stem hairy; fruit resembles a “birds nest”; common plant in many habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt] USDA Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white with reddish-brown to black anthers, in mostly compound umbels with subtending bractlets, no sepals; leaves mostly basal, 1-2 pinnate, usually 3 leaflets divided into segments or lobed; moist or wet woods; early spring [V Max Brown, 2006] Leavenworth's Eryngo USDA Torr. & A. Gray Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Crawford State Park, Crawford County, Kansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, usually purple, each subtended by a bractlet in a dense globe-like head, large spiny bracts at base and crown (purple tinged); leaves alternate, sessile, palmately lobed (spiny), with netted veins, basal leaves usually unlobed (mostly withered at time of flowering); late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2011] Creeping [Spreading] USDA Eryngo Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Greers Ferry Lake, Cleburne County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small and densely packed on head or receptacle ( < 10 mm in length), usually purple (blue or rarely white), each subtended by a bractlet, 5 to 10 bracts at base; leaves opposite and often whorled and basal – basal leaves with long petioles, stem leaves sessile to short petiolate, entire or coarsely toothed; plant perennial, prostrate, rooting at nodes; usually in moist or wet habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2014] Rattlesnake Master [Button USDA Eryngo or Snakeroot] Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Mountain View area, Howell County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, each subtended by a sharp , in a dense globe-like head; leaves simple, linear (Yucca- like), parallel veined, lower margins usually with spines; often in prairies or waste areas; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] Common Cow-Parsnip [Masterwort] USDA Bartram Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in compound umbels; leaves trifoliate, large, about as long as wide, palmately lobed, coarsely toothed, petioles with sheaths, long and woolly pubescent; fruits flattened; wet or moist areas; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Largeleaf [Seaside] Pennywort USDA Comm. ex Lam. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Tybee Island, Georgia Notes: 5-petaled flower (no sepals), white to light-green, in compound umbels; leaves ovate to 10+ cm; petioles peltate (stem attached to center of leaf); fruit flattened and seed-like; common on south Atlantic and Gulf dunes, sand flats and swamps; summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Floating Marsh [Buttercup] Pennywort USDA Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Stoddard County, Missouri Notes: aquatic; small 5-petaled flower (no sepals), greenish white, in simple umbels of up to 10-13+ flowers, short stalked from horizontal floating stem; basal leaves from stem on longer stalks, rooting at nodes, ovate to mostly reniform, base cordate, 2-4 lobes usually with scalloped or crenate margins; fruit a small ribbed achene; tends to form colonies in shallow water; summer [V Max Brown, 2017] [Wolly] Sweet Cicely USDA (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in umbels (usually < 8 flowers per umbel); stem woolly pubescent; leaves twice-divided into 3’s with lateral leaflets usually smaller; weak to little scent; woods; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Aniseroot [Smooth Sweet Cicely] USDA Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in umbels (usually 8+ flowers per ), styles longer than petals; stem mostly smooth to slightly hairy; leaves twice-divided into 3’s with lateral leaflets usually smaller; fruit sticks to clothing; strongly anise-scented (particularly roots); woods; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2005] [Stiff] Cowbane [Common Water Dropwort] USDA (L.) Raf. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Kitty Todd Nature Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in open compound umbels; leaves once pinnate with 5-9+ leaflets, mostly lanceolate to somewhat linear with considerable variation, entire or often with a few teeth; wet areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Wild Parsnip USDA Pastinaca sativa L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, yellow, in compound umbels; stem is deeply grooved and stout; leaves pinnate, leaflets mostly ovate and sharply, and irregularly toothed and lobed, lower leaves with petioles, upper leaves on sheathing petioles; fruit glabrous; tall plant; various habitats; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Nuttall's Prairie Parsley USDA DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Prairie State Park, Barton County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow, small, in compound umbels, each umbellet with several linear bractlets; leaves pinnate, leaflets dissected, with teeth; stem with fine stiff hairs; prairie habitat; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Laceflower [Mock Bishop’s Weed] USDA (DC.) Britt. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge, White County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in compound umbels, sepals very small, involucre bracts numerous and entire; pinnate leaves opposite or alternate, leaflets linear to thread-like; fruit pods light brown to tan with prominent ribs; usually in moist or wet areas; summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Canadian Black Snakeroot USDA L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers whitish in compound umbels; 1-3 staminate flowers with short pedicels, styles of bisexual flower hidden by fruit bristles; leaves parted or cut into 3-5 leaflets (usually 5 parts); fruits are burs with hooked bristles that are often lined up in rows; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Maryland Sanicle [Black Snakeroot] USDA Sanicula marilandica L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers whitish in compound umbels (a few bisexual and many staminate flowers), sepals of staminate flowers linear to linear-lanceolate, styles long and curving over fruit; leaves parted or cut into 3-5 leaflets (usually 5); fruits are burs with hooked bristles; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2008] Clustered Black Snakeroot [Clustered Sanicle] USDA Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe (S. gregaria) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers greenish-yellow in compound umbels (a few bisexual and many staminate flowers), sepals of staminate flowers triangular, styles long and curving over fruit; leaves parted or cut into 3-5 leaflets (usually 5); fruits are burs with hooked bristles; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005] [Hemlock] Water-Parsnip USDA Walter Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Irwin Prairie State Nature Preserve, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in compound umbels, involucre with several bracts; leaves 1-pinnate, 7-8 to 15-17 leaflets, linear to lanceolate, serrate with many small teeth, aquatic leaves may be 3-4 pinnate; stem well ridged, mostly glabrous; fruit glabrous; wet areas to aquatic; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2009] Yellow Pimpernel USDA (L.) Drude Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, yellow, small, no sepals, in large (up to 15 cm) compound umbels; leaves basal and cauline, ternate and then 2-3 pinnate, margins of leaflets entire; stem glabrous and glaucous; woods; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Hairy-Joint Meadow Parsnip USDA Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, cream to light or pale yellow, small, in compound umbels, involucre with several bracts; basal leaves ternate and then 2-3 pinnate, upper leaves with less leaflets, leaflets deeply dissected below but less so above; stem glabrous and glaucous except nodes which have stiff white hairs; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Spreading [Field] USDA Hedge-Parsley (Huds.) Link ssp. Arvensis (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels, involucre mostly with 1(2-4) bracts or none; lower leaves 2-3 pinnate; stem and leaves with appressed pubescence; fruit bristles curving up; plant branching freely; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Heart-Leaved Golden Alexanders [Meadow Zizia] USDA Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, yellow, in compound umbels, central flower is often sessile; heart-shaped basal leaves, often not dissected (sometimes lobed), stem leaves alternate, more often dissected into leaflets, teeth rounded along margins; late spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2005] Golden-Alexanders [Golden Zizia] USDA Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, yellow, in compound umbels; leaves lanceolate, 2-3 pinnate, 3-9 leaflets, finely and sharply toothed, basal leaves cut; stem sometimes tinged with red; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005]