APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Plant: mostly herbs (annual, biennial or perennial), a few shrubs and trees, often aromatic Stem: often hollow between stem nodes, commonly branched Root: Leaves: usually finely pinnate, sometimes palmate but rarely simple; leaf bases often broad; base of petioles usually sheathed; alternate and/or basal but rarely opposite or whorled; no stipules Flowers: mostly perfect; mostly small; sepals 5 and united, very small, or sometimes absent; petals 5 and small, bracts common; flowers mostly in compound (branching) umbels (radial sprays) – branches of umbels are termed ‘rays’ and bracts, if present, of individual umbels or umbellets termed ‘bractlets or bracteoles’; 5 stamens alternate with petals; ovary inferior, 1 pistil, 2 styles, most have 2 carpels Fruit: 2 dry, one-seeded, fruits (schizocarp with 2 mericarps); may be winged; some with aromatic oils Other: Old family name was Umbelliferae ; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 300-450+ genera; many local genera WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive Apiaceae (Carrot Family) - 5 petals (often white or yellow, mostly small), sepals small or absent; flowers in umbels or mostly compound umbels; leaf petiole usually sheathed; leaves often pinnate; fruit a schizocarp – many local genera compound umbels most common 5 petals, often small, usually white or yellow Single umbels Often with a sheath at base of petiole Fruit a schizocarp – a dry fruit that splits into one-seed portions, some bur-like Leaves often pinnately compound but not always APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Bishop's Goutweed; Aegopodium podagraria L. (Introduced) Purple-Stemmed Angelica; Angelica atropurpurea L. Hairy Angelica; Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald Wild [Hairyfruit] Chervil; Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Bulblet-Bearing Water Hemlock; Cicuta bulbifera L. [Spotted] Water Hemlock; Cicuta maculata L. (var. maculata?) Poison Hemlock; Conium maculatum L. (Introduced) [Canadian] Honewort; Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Finger Dogshade; Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; Bird’s Nest]; Daucus carota L. (Introduced) Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt]; Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Leavenworth's Eryngo; Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray Creeping [Spreading] Eryngo; Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Rattlesnake Master [Button Eryngo or Snakeroot]; Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Common Cow-Parsnip [Masterwort]; Heracleum maximum Bartram Largeleaf [Seaside] Pennywort; Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Floating Marsh [Buttercup] Pennywort; Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. [Wolly] Sweet Cicely; Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Aniseroot [Smooth Sweet Cicely]; Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. [Stiff] Cowbane; Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. Wild Parsnip; Pastinaca sativa L. (Introduced) Nuttall's Prairie Parsley; Polytaenia nuttallii DC. Laceflower; Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Britt. APIACEAE – CARROT OR PARSELY FAMILY Canadian Black Snakeroot; Sanicula canadensis L. Maryland Sanicle [Black Snakeroot]; Sanicula marilandica L. Clustered Black Snakeroot [Clustered Sanicle]; Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K.M. Pryer & L.R. Phillippe (S. gregaria) [Hemlock] Water-Parsnip; Sium suave Walter Yellow Pimpernel; Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Hairy-Joint Meadow Parsnip; Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Spreading [Field] Hedge-Parsley; Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. Arvensis (Introduced) Heart-Leaved Golden Alexanders [Meadow Zizia]; Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Golden Alexanders [Golden Zizia]; Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch Bishop's Goutweed USDA Aegopodium podagraria L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, no sepals, in compound umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate) below and often fewer above, irregularly double-toothed and sometimes lobed; stem and fruit glabrous; spring (white-leaved cultivar) [V Max Brown, 2009] Purple-Stemmed [Great] Angelica USDA Angelica atropurpurea L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large glabrous compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath (>1cm width) on upper leaves; stems glabrous and purplish; fruit glabrous; large plant (2 m+); wet areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Hairy Angelica USDA Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fernald Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Alley Springs, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, greenish-white, in large hairy compound umbels; lower leaves twice pinnate, ovate lanceolate, upper leaves reduced, serrate, large basal sheath on upper leaves; stems hairy above but glabrous and purplish below; fruit slightly hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010] Wild [Hairyfruit] Chervil USDA Chaerophyllum tainturieri Hook. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in small compound umbels (2-10-15), pedicel widens toward tip; leaves twice pinnate, hairy at least beneath, sheaths at stem (hairy); stem mostly hairy; fruit small, somewhat club-shaped, usually hairy; plant variable but at least the stem is usually hairy; spring [V Max Brown, 2010] Bulblet-Bearing Water USDA Hemlock Cicuta bulbifera L. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, small, in compound umbels (up to 6 cm); leaves twice pinnate, mostly linear to very narrow lanceolate, usually with fine teeth, sheaths at stem, bulblets present in many upper leaf axils; stem smooth; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2008] [Spotted; Common] Water USDA Hemlock Cicuta maculata L. (var. maculata?) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; leaves twice pinnate, lanceolate, serrate, with sheaths at stem, no bulblets in leaf axils; stem smooth, often spotted near base; reported to be very poisonous; wet areas; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2006] Poison Hemlock USDA Conium maculatum L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, in compound umbels; stem purple-spotted, glabrous, often glaucous, very tall; leaves alternate, some basal, 2-4 pinnate, lobed; reported to be very poisonous (remember Socrates); late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2005] [Canadian] Honewort USDA Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, in umbels often with unequal rays; leaves with 3 leaflets (trifoliate), irregularly to double-toothed, 1 or more may be lobed, upper leaves alternate; stem and fruit glabrous; woods; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Finger Dogshade USDA Cynosciadium digitatum DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Big Cane Conservation Area, Butler County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, very small, white, in compound umbels, sepals very small teeth, involucre bracts usually 2-5 and linear; leaves alternate and sometimes basal, usually 3-5 linear palmate leaflets; fruit pods brown with ribs; stem glabrous; moist or swampy areas; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Queen Anne’s Lace [Wild Carrot; USDA Bird’s Nest] Daucus carota L. (Introduced) Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white (rarely pink), in compound umbels, rays bend upward, bracts large and pinnately divided; leaves 2-3 pinnate, lobed or dissected; stem hairy; fruit resembles a “birds nest”; common plant in many habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Harbinger-Of-Spring [Pepper-And-Salt] USDA Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white with reddish-brown to black anthers, in mostly compound umbels with subtending bractlets, no sepals; leaves mostly basal, 1-2 pinnate, usually 3 leaflets divided into segments or lobed; moist or wet woods; early spring [V Max Brown, 2006] Leavenworth's Eryngo USDA Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A. Gray Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Crawford State Park, Crawford County, Kansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, usually purple, each subtended by a bractlet in a dense globe-like head, large spiny bracts at base and crown (purple tinged); leaves alternate, sessile, palmately lobed (spiny), with netted veins, basal leaves usually unlobed (mostly withered at time of flowering); late summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2011] Creeping [Spreading] USDA Eryngo Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Near Greers Ferry Lake, Cleburne County, Arkansas Notes: 5-petaled flower, small and densely packed on head or receptacle ( < 10 mm in length), usually purple (blue or rarely white), each subtended by a bractlet, 5 to 10 bracts at base; leaves opposite and often whorled and basal – basal leaves with long petioles, stem leaves sessile to short petiolate, entire or coarsely toothed; plant perennial, prostrate, rooting at nodes; usually in moist or wet habitats; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2014] Rattlesnake Master [Button USDA Eryngo or Snakeroot] Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Apiaceae (Carrot Family) Mountain View area, Howell County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, small, white, each subtended by a sharp