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ISSUE 1 Mar 2012 Inside this issue: Feature Editorial How can we Improve Interdisciplinary Research on Policing and Security.... 1 How can we Improve Interdisciplinary Out and About.......... 3 Research on Policing and Security The Australian Research Council site Prof. Gabriele Bammer, ANU visit to CEPS.......... 4 Project Update ........ 4 have just completed a consultancy for the Australian Council of Learned Academies entitled I Strengthening Interdisciplinary Research: What it is, what it does, how it does it and how Research Reflections.......... 5 it is supported. This project involved an examination of the literature, plus interviews with Australians influential in research policy and interdisciplinary research practice, as well as Conference in Focus ......... 6 with members of the steering committee representing each of Australia’s four academies (Bammer, 2012a). Practitioners and Partners.......... 7 The report discusses two major problems with interdisciplinary research, their consequences for policy and practice, and ways forward. These are important generally, as well as in CEPS Member Profiles.......... 8 policing and security research more specifically. The first problem is that interdisciplinary research is treated as a single entity, even though it comes in many different forms. Let us PhD Corner.......... 9 look at three examples. One is a single researcher using ideas and methods from two or more disciplines to address a specific policing problem, such as bringing together insights Other News............ 9 from sociology, anthropology and psychology to study victimisation. Second is a researcher and end-user partnering to invent a new commercial product, like a new security screening Selected Recent Publications....... 10 device, or to design a new form of practice, such as how to handle perpetrators of domestic violence. Third is a major team project bringing together experts from multiple disciplines, Media Bytes.......... 12 policing practitioners and other stakeholders (such as victim representatives, relevant non- government organisations and policy makers) to investigate a major issue like organised crime. The second problem with interdisciplinarity is that the research methodology is poorly documented. In contrast to the disciplines, there are no standard procedures for reporting interdisciplinary research. Published accounts are invariably incomplete, making it impossible to fully understand and assess what occurred or to draw lessons for improving future investigations. This is partly a result of the failure to differentiate various kinds of CEPS Research Quarterly Editor interdisciplinary research. Dr Yorick Smaal [email protected] Production Manager Victoria Hullena [email protected] How do we move forward? or development of key indicators. In some cases, there will be strong engagement Overcoming these problems requires long with end-users to achieve policy, practice or term and short term strategies. In the long technological innovation, whereas others term we need to establish: will only involve discipline-based expertise. Some cases will aim to give all inputs equal • An agreed parsimonious classification standing, some will be dominated by which distinguishes the major kinds of practitioner needs, and yet others will be interdisciplinary research. led by disciplines. Finally, the cases need to illustrate the range of existing institutional • Standard reporting systems to fully arrangements: such as real and virtual describe different kinds of interdisci- dedicated centres, project-based activities plinary research, allowing them to be in traditional social science departments and understood, assessed and learnt from. research brokerage positions. • Toolkits of options for conducting dif- The second activity is to conduct an audit of ferent aspects of interdisciplinary re- how interdisciplinary education in policing search, such as for synthesizing knowl- and security is provided in undergraduate edge, building trust and engaging with and graduate programs. This could use end-users. many of the same dimensions described CEPS Chief Investigator Prof. Gabriele Bammer is for selecting cases, asking questions such as Director of the National Centre for Epidemiology • Data collection on the amount and does the education prepare students to: a) & Population Health, ANU quality of interdisciplinary research be- work as individuals or in teams, b) problem ing undertaken. These two problems have a number of solve or investigate complex issues with no important consequences, including: clear answers, c) collaborate with end-users, • Evaluation and further development of and d) combine closely aligned or diverse education strategies. 1. Lack of agreement on how perspectives? interdisciplinary research is faring. My In the short term, the policing and security Such activities would build on the current interviews revealed that some maintain field can look for ways to improve its own research of the CEPS Integration and that it is well-established and appropriately interdisciplinary research practice that will Implementation Program which has funded. Others argue that it is marginalized contribute to this larger agenda. I suggest developed a framework for describing and unsupported. Contrasting views arise two specific activities. from different underlying ideas about what interdisciplinary research (Bammer, 2012b). The program is also collecting a range of interdisciplinary research is. First is to select case studies representing the tools for interdisciplinary research (see different kinds of interdisciplinary research http://i2s.anu.edu.au/resources/tools) 2. Continued uncertainty about how undertaken in policing and security and to and is specifically working on a toolkit of best to conduct interdisciplinary research, document in detail the methodology. The modelling methods. There is an opportunity including how investigations should be cases should cover a range of key dimensions. for the policing and security field to not initiated, funded, managed, assessed and They need to include research addressing only significantly enhance its own research rewarded. There is an on-going search problems which have clear-cut solutions, like practice, but also to lead the future for universal and simple determinants developing a new security screening device development of interdisciplinarity. of success, when instead outcomes are or policing protocol, as well as research contingent on the type of investigation and which tackles complex problems where Professor Bammer’s report the particular circumstances governing its there are no perfect answers, like organised Strengthening Interdisciplinary Research: conduct. crime or police integrity. Cases should vary What it is, what it does, how it does it in the number of perspectives combined, and how it is supported will be launched 3. No data about how much and some should involve disciplines which by the Chief Scientist, Professor Ian interdisciplinary research is being are closely aligned, while others will include Chubb, on April 3, 2012 and will undertaken, let alone how much of different disciplines and stakeholder views based on be available on the website of the kinds, or any solid basis on which to assess different epistemologies. In some instances, Australian Council of Learned Academies quality. the research will be undertaken by an (www.acola.org.au). The project was individual, in others it will be a team. The funded by an ARC Linkage Learned 4. No consensus about how best cases should illustrate a variety of ways of Academies Special Projects (LASP) grant to educate future generations of combining different insights, such as various “Making Interdisciplinary Research Work interdisciplinary researchers. dialogue techniques, modelling methods – Achieving a Sustainable Australia.” References Bammer, G. 2012a Strengthening Interdisciplinary Research: What it is, what it does, how it does it and how it is supported. Report for the Australian Council of Learned Academies. url: www.acola.org.au Bammer, G. 2012b. Disciplining Interdisciplinarity: Integration and Implementation Sciences for
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