DOCSLIB.ORG

Threats to the Critically Endangered Endemic Bermudian Skink Eumeces Longirostris

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Threats to the Critically Endangered Endemic Bermudian Skink Eumeces Longirostris Oryx Vol 35 No 4 October 2001 Threats to the Critically Endangered endemic Bermudian skink Eumeces longirostris John Davenport, Jeremy Hills, Anne Glasspool and Jack Ward Abstract The Bermudian rock lizard or skink Eumeces inated by large, old (some possibly >27 years) animals longirostris is categorized as Critically Endangered on that exhibit high mutilation rates. Breeding occurs, but the 2000 IUCN Red List. Skinks are vulnerable to habitat survival to adulthood appears poor. All of neighbouring loss, introduction of non-native species and mortality Southampton Island was intensively trapped, with traps caused by discarded bottles and cans that act as self- placed at the intersections of a 10-m grid. The popula- baiting traps. This study describes the population tion was estimated by mark-recapture trials to be c. 400 characteristics of the Bermudian skink on two islands adults and juveniles; hatchlings are insectivorous and of the Bermudian archipelago: Nonsuch and Southamp- not susceptible to trapping. The population on Sou- ton islands. Nonsuch Island is a nature reserve but has thampton Island is currently the largest known on populations of introduced lizards of the genus Anolis, Bermuda and appears to be viable; sustained isolation lizard-eating birds and (a new finding) the cane toad from predators and people is essential to its mainten- Bufo marinus. Southampton Island is relatively isolated ance. and has no introduced species. The skink population on Nonsuch Island was not investigated in detail, but Keywords Bermuda, Critically Endangered lizards, appears to be small, localized to human habitation Eumeces longirostris, skinks. (where cover and food scraps are available) and dom- Introduction (pers. comm.) has a photograph of a dissected skink with six eggs. Taken together these observations suggest The Bermudian rock lizard or skink Eumeces longirostris that breeding takes place each year in the summer and is the only endemic terrestrial vertebrate on the isolated that clutch size is 5-6. However, there is no indication of archipelago of Bermuda. It is a relatively primitive whether females lay clutches every year, or more than 'relict' species of the widespread genus Eumeces (Taylor, once in a season. 1936), identifiable on Bermuda from Pleistocene depos- The species' lifespan is essentially unknown, although its (Wingate, 1965), but probably resident for hundreds some skink species are known to survive in captivity for of thousands of years. The closest relative appears to be many years - an experimental colony (n ~ 100) of E. fasciatus of south-eastern USA (Heilprin, 1889). similarly sized desert skinks Chalcides ocellatus from The Bermudian skink is poorly known, except in those Egypt showed no adult mortality during a 12-year features amenable to direct observation. Notes on period (J. Davenport, pers. obs.). H. Griffith, D.B. reproduction were made from five skinks kept in Wingate & D.L. Robinson (unpublished data) used toe- captivity at Bermuda Aquarium, Museum and Zoo clipping in studies on Nonsuch Island (Fig. 1) during since 1984. Three hatchlings were 'discovered' in the the 1960s, but abandoned these in 1970. Several large terrarium in August 1984, seven skinks hatched in July- lizards collected in the present study were missing toes, August 1985, and in July 1986 a nest of five eggs was suggesting that individuals may live more than discovered under a rock and shortly thereafter a 27 years. It is not known when Bermudian skinks hatchling was seen (Barnes & Eddy, 1987). R. Marirea become sexually mature or what their growth rates are. Another captive colony is to be established by the J. Davenport (Corresponding author) University Marine Biological Bermuda Aquarium, Museum of Natural History and Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, UK; Present address: Department of Zoo, and if successful, some of these basic questions Zoology and Animal Ecology, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, may be answered. Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland. E-mail: [email protected] Colouration of Bermudian skinks changes markedly J. Hills University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, during development. Recently hatched skinks ('hatch- UK lings') have sky blue tails and striped bronze, cream and A. Glasspool and J. Ward Bermuda Aquarium, Natural History Museum chocolate bodies. Juvenile and subadult animals pro- and Zoo, PO Box FL 145, Flatts, FL BX, Bermuda gressively lose first the blue coloration of the dorsal tail Revised manuscript accepted for publication 3 July 2001 332 © 2001 FFI, Oryx, 35(4), 332-339 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 26 Sep 2021 at 09:00:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00200.x Threats to the Bermudian skink 333 64°42' 64°48' O 32=24'- 32 24' 32°18'- Pear Island ^ Green Tom's Rock > Rock Castle Island "y- - "^Southampton Castle Point Island 'Charles Island 0.5 1 km 4 km Bird Rock Rushy Island 64°42' 64°48' Fig. 1 Bermuda, with parishes, showing locations of islands mentioned in the text. surface, then the bronze dorsal colour and stripes, and occurrence <100 sq km or area of occupancy <10 sq km acquire an orange chin and cheeks. Apparently fully (B), severely fragmented (1), and with continued decline adult animals have dark upper surfaces (marbled tan or (2), in area of occupancy (b), in area, extent and/or blue or black), a blue belly and an orange chin and quality of habitat (c), in number of locations or subpopu- cheeks. We emphasize that 'hatchling', 'juvenile', 'sub- lations (d), and in number of mature individuals (e). adult' and 'adult' are imprecise terms; the duration of However, there is no specific legislative protection for each stage is unknown, and it is unclear whether 'adults' the skink, although island beaches are equipped with are the only sexually mature stages. litter bins, notices explain the risks posed by discarded The Bermudian skink is believed to be strictly insec- drink containers, and poster campaigns raise awareness tivorous as a hatchling, but juveniles, subadults and in schools. The Bermuda Biodiversity Strategy and adults also take substantial quantities of carrion, espe- Action Plan is being prepared and coordinated by the cially that associated with sea bird nests (in particular Bermuda Zoological Society, supported through the UK the cahow Pterodroma cahozv and the white-tailed tropic Darwin Initiative. bird or longtail Phaethon lepturus). Carrion taken Once common throughout Bermuda (Wingate, 1965), includes broken eggs, dead chicks, and regurgitated skink populations have declined throughout the archi- fish and squid (Wingate, 1965; Garber, 1988; pelago, although Wingate thought the species more D.B. Wingate, pers. comm.). common inland than generally recognized (disputed by The Bermudian skink is listed as Critically Endan- Garber (1988), who believed the skink to have been rare gered on the 2000 IUCN Red List (Conyers, 1996; Hilton- for many years). Habitat loss has undoubtedly been a Taylor, 2000), based on criteria Bl + 2bcde, i.e. extent of factor over much of the archipelago. The native habitat © 2001 FFI, Oryx, 35(4), 332-339 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 26 Sep 2021 at 09:00:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00200.x 334 J. Davenport et al. of forests and swamps has largely been replaced by agement of the species. The report from the present agriculture, which covers 17 per cent of the archipelago, study was regarded as a key first step towards design of and homes and gardens, which occupy 50 per cent of a full management plan. Preliminary work was carried land area (Thomas & Logan, 1992). out on Nonsuch Island to determine whether the A study in the early 1990s by H. Griffith, D.B. Wingate population decline there was continuing and to test & D.L. Robinson (unpublished data) on Nonsuch Island survey techniques. (Fig. 1), a nature reserve (6.8 ha) with restored natural vegetation, revealed evidence of a serious population Methods decline over a 20-year period despite habitat loss not being a contributory factor. The decline has been Nonsuch Island (Fig. 1) has extensive restored natural attributed to predation by introduced and reintroduced Bermudian vegetation, is a nature reserve, and is visited species (D.B. Wingate, pers. comm.). These include by relatively large numbers of people. Southampton kiskadees (Pitangus sulphuratus, lizard-eating birds Island, to the south-west (Fig. 1), is barren and water- deliberately introduced in 1957 to control anoles but less by comparison and, because access is difficult, often observed to take skinks), night herons (Nyctanassa visitors are few. Except in a narrow band of bare rocky violacea, reintroduced to replace long-extinct native coast, the island supports extensive crab grass Steno- herons in 1976-78 and observed to regurgitate skink taphrum secundatum interspersed with Spanish bayonet remains in pellets) and Jamaican anoles (Anolis grahami, Yucca aloifolia, prickly pear Opuntia dilleni, seaside introduced in 1905 to control scale insects on crops and goldenrod Solidago sempervirens, lantana Lantana invo- seen to prey on young skinks (D.B. Wingate, unpub- lucrata and Bermudiana Sisyrinchium bermudiana. The lished data)). Other than night herons and a fossil hawk only shade is provided by a few scattered mixed bay there appear to have been no native skink predators on grape Coccoloba uvifera and tamarisk Tamarix gallica pre-colonial Bermuda. It is worth noting that Cope stands. Potentially predatory bird life is largely limited (1861), writing before the introduction of any other to the occasional kiskadee. At the southern end of the reptiles or amphibians but after much habitat loss, island is Southampton Fort, built shortly after Ber- described the skink as 'very common', but Verrill (1902) muda's colonization in 1612.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE Eumeces Lagunensis Van Denburgh
    792.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SCINCIDAE EUMECES LAGUNENSIS Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Beaman, K.R., J.Q. Richmond, and L.L. Grismer. 2004. Eumeces lagunensis. Eumeces lagunensis Van Denburgh San Lucan Skink Eumeces skiltonianus: Yarrow 1882:41 (part). Eumeces lagunensis Van Denburgh 1895:134. Type locality, “San Francisquito, Sierra Laguna, [Baja California Sur, México].” Holotype, California Academy of Sciences (CAS) 400, collected by Gustav Eisen on 28 March 1892 (examined by LLG). See Remarks. Plestiodon lagunensis: Van Denburgh and Slevin 1921:52. Plestiodon skiltonianus lagunensis: Nelson 1921:114–115. Eumeces skiltonianus lagunensis: Linsdale 1932:374. • CONTENT. The species is monotypic. • DEFINITION. Eumeces lagunensis is a small skink with a maximum total length of 147 mm. The scutellation is as fol- lows: 24 scale rows at midbody; 57–60 dorsal scale rows; 40– 46 ventral scale rows; 102 subcaudals; 4 supraoculars (three touching frontal); frontonasal in contact with frontal or not; large interparietal enclosed posteriorly by medial contact of large parietals; 7–8 supralabials; upper secondary temporal in broad 0 100 200 km contact ventrally with last supralabial; 2 postmentals; 6 infralabials; 2 postlabials (not superimposed); 2–2 nuchals, oc- casionally 1–1, 1–2, or 3–3, blending posteriorly with wide, MAP. Range of Eumeces lagunensis, the white circle marks the type cycloid, imbricate, dorsal scales of body and tail; 16 scales locality, the gray circle marks the neotype locality, and dots indicate around base of tail; and vent bordered by two large scales ante- other records. riorly. Granular axillary scales are not prominent and only 0–2 short rows are present and situated posterior to the medial mar- gin of the forelimb insertion.
    [Show full text]
  • Eumeces Gilberti Van Denburgh Gilbert's Skink
    372.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: SCINCIDAE EUMECES GILBERTI Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Rodgers (1944) describes E. g. placerensis, and Lowe and Shannon (1954) E. g. arizonensis. Stebbins (1966) and Behler and King JONES,K. BRUCE. 1985. Eumeces gilberti. (1979) provide brief descriptions of the species. Eumeces gilberti Van Denburgh • ILLUSTRATIONS.Stebbins (1966) and Behler and King (1979) Gilbert's Skink provide color illustrations and color photographs of juveniles and adults, respectively. Black and white photographs appear in Van Denburgh (1922), Taylor (1935), and Smith (1946). Rodgers (1944) Eumeces gilberti: Van Denburgh, 1896:350. Type.locality, "Yo· provides a photograph of the type.specimen E. g. placerensis. Van semite Valley, Mariposa County, California." Holotype, Cali• Denburgh (1922), Taylor (1935), Smith (1946), and Rodgers and fornia Acad. Sci.-Stanford Univ. 4139, collected by Charles Fitch (1947) provide black and white illustrations with the latter H. Gilbert and James M. Hyde on 10-15 June 1896 (not the most detailed. examined by author). Eumeces skiltonianus: Cope, 1900:643 (part, by inference). • DISTRIBUTION.The species is distributed through central Cal• Eumeces skiltonianus: Camp, 1916:72-73 (part). ifornia, north approximately to the Yuba River, east through the Plestiodon skiltonianum: Grinnell and Camp, 1917:175, 176 (part). San Joaquin Valley to the Sierra Nevada, and west to the San Eumeces gilberti: Taylor, 1935:438. Resurrected name. Francisco Bay area. Its range extends southward along the Califor· nia coast (but at least 20 km inland) to San Diego, and into the • CONTENT.Five subspecies are recognized: gilberti, cancel• chaparral vegetation association of the San Pedro Martir of Baja losus, placerensis, rubricaudatus, and arizonensis.
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Anolis Lizards
    Animal Behaviour 85 (2013) 1415e1426 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Convergent evolution in the territorial communication of a classic adaptive radiation: Caribbean Anolis lizards Terry J. Ord a,*, Judy A. Stamps b, Jonathan B. Losos c a Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia b Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, U.S.A. c Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. article info To demonstrate adaptive convergent evolution, it must be shown that shared phenotypes have evolved Article history: independently in different lineages and that a credible selection pressure underlies adaptive evolution. Received 11 December 2012 There are a number of robust examples of adaptive convergence in morphology for which both these Initial acceptance 4 February 2013 criteria have been met, but examples from animal behaviour have rarely been tested as rigorously. Final acceptance 15 March 2013 Adaptive convergence should be common in behaviour, especially behaviour used for communication, Available online 3 May 2013 because the environment often shapes the evolution of signal design. In this study we report on the origins MS. number: A12-00933 of a shared design of a territorial display among Anolis species of lizards from two island radiations in the Caribbean. These lizards perform an elaborate display that consists of a complex series of headbobs and Keywords: dewlap extensions. The way in which these movements are incorporated into displays is generally species adaptation specific, but species on the islands of Jamaica and Puerto Rico also share fundamental aspects in display Anolis lizard design, resulting in two general display types.
    [Show full text]
  • Tail Bifurcation in Plestiodon Skiltonianus
    Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 343-345 (2020) (published online on 23 April 2020) Tail bifurcation in Plestiodon skiltonianus Danielle C. Miles1,*, Chasey L. Danser1, and Kevin T. Shoemaker1 Plestiodon skiltonianus (Smith, 2005), commonly The majority of tail bifurcations in other lizard species known as the Western Skink, is a smooth-scaled species are likely the result of abnormal tail regeneration after with a range from southern Idaho to northern Arizona in a lizard sheds its tail in response to a threat and are the Western United States (Tanner, 1957). The Western common across several lizard families (Clause et al. Skink is a part of the evolutionarily related skiltonianus 2006; Conzendey et al. 2013; Dudek & Ekner-Grzyb, group of lizards, of which none have previous records of 2014; Pelegrin & Leão, 2016; Tamar et al. 2013). Caudal tail bifurcation that we could find (Richmond & Reeder, 2002). Tail bifurcation is found in all of the major lizard groups and the most closely related species with this recorded observation is Plestiodon inexpectatus (Brandley et al, 2012; Koleska et al, 2017; Mitchell et al, 2012). On July 13 2019, one P. skiltonianus with a bifurcated tail was captured in a medium Sherman aluminium box trap designed for the live capture of small mammals that had been baited with bird seed and filled with biodegradable batting. As the traps were being collected at 17:00 PST, the malformed individual was found in the back of a trap, though the trap had not been triggered by its weight. The field site is at 39.4993°N, -117.0053°E on United States Forest Service land in Lander County northeast of Austin, Nevada, USA at an elevation of 1920 meters.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 67 & 68 Lizards of VA
    VIRGINIA HEnPnrnOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL IIULLETUY ” ® ( ? "A" SCALE TYPES: SMOOTH (L) SPINY (C) GRANULAR (R) HEAD PLATES OF THE SKINKS (Eumeces) VIRGINIA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN No. 67 DESCRIPTION OF THE LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA Identification of the lizards de­ following pages include a specially- pends, prim arily, upon the sca les on prepared "key to the lizards of Vir­ the side and top o f the head, and be­ gin ia " and diagrams recommended fo r neath the tail, as veil as the color. use with that "key" by its author. It w ill be necessary to have, or to It is hoped that the total assembled gain, some familiarity with the large VHS sp ecia l b u lletin (VHS-B Nos. 67 scales or plates on the head and the and 68) w ill a s s is t you in making an belly, as well as the overall appear­ accurate identification in the field. ance of the collected specimens. The Locality records are badly needed. STANDARD COMMON NAMES (l.) Green Anole (2.) Six-lined Racerunner (3») Northern Coal Skink (4.) Five-lined Skink • (5 .) Southeastern Five-lined Skink (6.) Broad-headed Skink ( 7 •) Ground Skink (8.) Eastern Slender Glass Lizard ( 9») Eastern Glass Lizard ' ' ( 10.) Northern Fence Lizard SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR VA. LIZARDS 1. Anolis c_. carolinens is 2* Cnemidophorus s . sexlineatus 3. Eumeces a. anthracinus 4. Eumeces fasciatu s • 5. Eumeces inexpectatus 6. Eumeces la ticep s 7. Lygosoma la tera le 8. Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus 9. Ophisaurus ventralis 10. Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus - 1 - 2 VHS BULLETIN No.
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Movements of the Common Five-Lined Skink (Plestiodon Fasciatus) in the Northern Portion of Its Range
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 13(3):743–752. Submitted: 3 July 2018; Accepted: 25 November 2018; Published: 16 December 2018. SUMMER MOVEMENTS OF THE COMMON FIVE-LINED SKINK (PLESTIODON FASCIATUS) IN THE NORTHERN PORTION OF ITS RANGE DANIEL J. BRAZEAU1 AND STEPHEN J. HECNAR1,2 1Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada 2Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Common Five-lined Skinks (Plestiodon [formerly Eumeces] fasciatus) are difficult to study due to their small size, secretive habits, and semi-fossorial natural history. Habitat selection and dispersal have been studied at several locations across the range of the species, but few details of movements are known. Our objectives were to use radio-telemetry to gain more insight into skink movements and to test the efficacy of small, lightweight transmitters that we externally attached. We fitted 31 skinks with transmitters that provided up to 16 consecutive days of dispersal information. Movements varied greatly among individuals with some staying close to initial capture sites while most moved tens to hundreds of meters over a short period of observation. We located most of the tracked individuals under cover of woody debris but found they were much more mobile than previous mark- recapture studies suggested. Our tracking supported the idea that traditional home ranges were not occupied, but instead most individuals made regular linear movements while returning to the same locations occasionally. Individuals spent on average just over 30% of their time underground, in grass tussocks, and inside standing trees near the end of the active season.
    [Show full text]
  • Jnah Issn 2333-0694
    ISSN 2333-0694 JNAHThe Journal of North American Herpetology Volume 2020, Number 1 2 July 2020 journals.ku.edu/jnah DO LATITUDE, ELEVATION, TEMPERATURE, AND PRECIPITATION INFLUENCE BODY AND CLUTCH SIZES OF FEMALE COMMON FIVE-LINED SKINKS, PLESTIODON FASCIATUS (LINNAEUS, 1758)? JAKE S. MORRISSEY1, BRANDON BARR1, ANDREW E. AUSTIN1, LAUREN R. BABCOCK1, AND ROBERT POWELL1,2 1Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, Missouri 64145, USA 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Common Five-lined Skinks (Plestiodon fasciatus) have an extensive distribution that in- cludes much of eastern North America. We examined 490 female specimens (274 with putative clutch sizes) from throughout the range to see if latitude, elevation, mean annual temperature, and/or mean annual precipitation affected body or clutch sizes. We predicted that larger females would produce larger clutches, latitude and elevation would negatively affect both body and clutch sizes, and that temperature and precipitation would exert a positive effect. Our results did not consistently support those predictions. Body size was positively associated with latitude, negatively associated with tem- perature, and not associated with elevation or precipitation. Clutch size was not related to female body size, but in most instances was positively associated with temperature and precipitation but negatively associated with elevation and latitude. EffectivelyK -selected in the North and r-selected in the South, body and clutch sizes in this species appear to be responding to different selective pressures. We eval- uated probable causes for the opposite trends in these two life-history traits. Key Words: Bergmann’s rule; r- and K-selection; Resource rule; Temperature-size rule.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Escape Tactics and Effects of Perch Height and Habituation On
    Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN: 0034-7744 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Cooper, Jr., William E. Escape tactics and effects of perch height and habituation on flight initiation distance in two Jamaican anoles (Squamata: Polychrotidae) Revista de Biología Tropical, vol. 58, núm. 4, diciembre, 2010, pp. 1199-1209 Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44918952013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Escape tactics and effects of perch height and habituation on flight initiation distance in two Jamaican anoles (Squamata: Polychrotidae) William E. Cooper, Jr. Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA; [email protected] Received 23-XI-2009. Corrected 10-VI-2010. Accepted 15-VII-2010. Abstract: Escape by Anolis lizards is influenced by microhabitats and fight initiation distance increases with predation risk. Differences in microhabitat use among ecomorphs affect escape behavior, but only two studies have reported ecomorphological differences in flight initiation distance among Greater Antillean species. I studied effects of predation risk and microhabitats on escape behavior by conducting field experiments using two species of anoles, Anolis lineatopus and A. grahami, on the campus of the University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica. Because ecomorphological variation of anoles has evolved independently within each island of the Greater Antilles, but relationships between ecomorphs and escape behaviors are poorly known, I character- ized microhabitat use and escape tactics, and determined relationships between flight initiation distance and two risk factors, habituation to human presence and perch height, in Anolis lineatopus, a trunk-ground anole and A.
    [Show full text]
  • Norops Grahami Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Norops grahami Norops grahami System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Polychrotidae Common name Graham's anole (English), common lizard (English), Jamaican anole (English) Synonym Anolis grahami , Gray, 1845 Anolis iodurus , Gosse, 1850 Anolis punctatissimus , Hallowell, 1856 Anolis heterolepis , Hallowell, 1856 Similar species Summary The Jamaican anole Norops grahami was introduced to Bermuda from Jamaica in 1905 to reduce populations of the fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). In 1958 it was observed to predate heavily on beneficial insect species brought in to control introduced scale insects, subsequently resulting in the introduction of the great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus), now a serious threat in itself. More recently N. grahami has been observed to predate on, and compete with juveniles of the 'Critically Endangered (CR)' Bermudian rock lizard (Eumeces longirostris). view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Norops grahami has a mean snout to vent length of 68.9 mm for males (Losos, 1996). Notes Subspecies Norops grahami grahami is reported from western Jamaica and Cabarita Island off Port Maria; and N. g. aquarum from Portland and St. Thomas parishes, Jamaica (Reptiles Database, 2010). N. grahami is the most widespread and common of three introduced anole lizards present on Bermuda; the others are the Barbuda Bank tree anole (see Anolis leachii) and the Barbados anole (Anolis extremus) (Wingate, 1965). The effects of these lizards, particularly N. grahami led to the introduction of the great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) as a biocontrol agent in 1957. However, this biocontrol attempt was a failure; P. sulphuratus has been implicated in the population declines of native insect, bird and reptile species on Bermuda (Cheesman & Clubbe, 2007; Davenport et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Board of Governors Report
    American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Board of Governors Meeting Westin – Narragansett Ballroom B Providence, Rhode Island 7 July 2010 Maureen A. Donnelly Secretary Florida International University College of Arts & Sciences 11200 SW 8th St. - ECS 450 Miami, FL 33199 [email protected] 305.348.1235 13 June 2010 The ASIH Board of Governor's is scheduled to meet on Wednesday, 7 July 2010 from 5:00 – 7:00 pm in the Westin Hotel in Narragansett Ballroom B. President Hanken plans to move blanket acceptance of all reports included in this book that cover society business for 2009 and 2010 (in part). The book includes the ballot information for the 2010 elections (Board of Governors and Annual Business Meeting). Governors can ask to have items exempted from blanket approval. These exempted items will be acted upon individually. We will also act individually on items exempted by the Executive Committee. Please remember to bring this booklet with you to the meeting. I will bring a few extra copies to Providence. Please contact me directly (email is best - [email protected]) with any questions you may have. Please notify me if you will not be able to attend the meeting so I can share your regrets with the Governors. I will leave for Providence (via Boston on 4 July 2010) so try to contact me before that date if possible. I will arrive in Providence on the afternoon of 6 July 2010 The Annual Business Meeting will be held on Sunday 11 July 2010 from 6:00 to 8:00 pm in The Rhode Island Convention Center (RICC) in Room 556 AB.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Introduced Species of Anolis Lizards to Test Adaptive Radiation Theory James T
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-2-2018 Using Introduced Species of Anolis Lizards to Test Adaptive Radiation Theory James T. Stroud Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC006576 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Stroud, James T., "Using Introduced Species of Anolis Lizards to Test Adaptive Radiation Theory" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3695. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3695 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida USING INTRODUCED SPECIES OF ANOLIS LIZARDS TO TEST ADAPTIVE RADIATION THEORY A dissertation in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In BIOLOGY By James T. Stroud 2018 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences, and Education This dissertation, written by James T. Stroud, and entitled Using Introduced Species of Anolis Lizards to Test Adaptive Radiation Theory, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ______________________________________ Maureen A. Donnelly ______________________________________ Christopher Baraloto _______________________________________ Hong Liu _______________________________________ Jonathan B. Losos _______________________________________ Kenneth J.
    [Show full text]
  • It Is Time for a New Classification of Anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
    Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32126D3A-04BC-4AAC-89C5-F407AE28021C ZOOTAXA 3477 It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) KIRSTEN E. NICHOLSON1, BRIAN I. CROTHER2, CRAIG GUYER3 & JAY M. SAVAGE4 1Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by S. Carranza: 17 May 2012; published: 11 Sept. 2012 KIRSTEN E. NICHOLSON, BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) (Zootaxa 3477) 108 pp.; 30 cm. 11 Sept. 2012 ISBN 978-1-77557-010-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-011-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use.
    [Show full text]