VIRGINIA HEnPnrnOGICAL SOCIETY SPECIAL IIULLETUY ”

® ( ? "A"

SCALE TYPES:

SMOOTH (L)

SPINY (C)

GRANULAR (R)

HEAD PLATES OF THE SKINKS (Eumeces) VIRGINIA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY BULLETIN No. 67

DESCRIPTION OF THE LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA

Identification of the lizards de­ following pages include a specially- pends, prim arily, upon the sca les on prepared "key to the lizards of Vir­ the side and top o f the head, and be­ gin ia " and diagrams recommended fo r neath the tail, as veil as the color. use with that "key" by its author.

It w ill be necessary to have, or to It is hoped that the total assembled gain, some familiarity with the large VHS sp ecia l b u lletin (VHS-B Nos. 67 scales or plates on the head and the and 68) w ill a s s is t you in making an belly, as well as the overall appear­ accurate identification in the field. ance of the collected specimens. The Locality records are badly needed.

STANDARD COMMON NAMES

(l.) Green Anole

(2.) Six-lined Racerunner

(3») Northern Coal Skink

(4.) Five-lined Skink •

(5 .) Southeastern Five-lined Skink

(6.) Broad-headed Skink

( 7 •) Ground Skink

(8.) Eastern Slender Glass Lizard

( 9») Eastern Glass Lizard ' '

( 10.) Northern Fence Lizard

SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR VA. LIZARDS

1. Anolis c_. carolinens is 2* Cnemidophorus s . sexlineatus 3. Eumeces a. anthracinus 4. Eumeces fasciatu s • 5. Eumeces inexpectatus 6. Eumeces la ticep s 7. Lygosoma la tera le 8. Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus 9. Ophisaurus ventralis 10. Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus

- 1 - 2 VHS BULLETIN No. 67 KEY TO THE LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA

N. D. Richmond, VHS Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa.

A. With four legs. (Note: Salamanders resemble liza rd s but lack sca les and c la w s . ) ...... see "C” Legless, resembles a snake except for presence of movable eyelids, ear openings, and a groove along each side of body. "B"

B. White markings on posterior corners of the scales, never in middle of a \ . -J ! scale; no mid-dorsal stripe. (8) Ophisaurus ventralis Eastern Glass Lizard White markings in middle of scales, often forming a stripe; a distinct mid-dorsal stripe. • • • • (9) 0. a. longicaudus Slender Glass Lizard C. Scales smooth and g lo s s y ...... see "F" Scales keeled, spiny, or granular. . . . see "D"

D. Scales keeled ending in a small spine; color brown with darker wavy cross-bands. (10) S. £. hyacinthinus Northern Fence Lizard Scales granular; pattern either of yellow longitudinal stripes or ab­ sent; no cross bands. . "E"

E. Pattern of six yellow lines, ventral scales rect­ angular plates, quite d if­ ferent from granular dorsal sca les ...... (2) C. sexlineatus Six-lined Racerunner Eody usually uniform green, may be brown or yellow; no lines; ventral scales granular like dorsals. . . (l) Anolis Carolinensis Green Anole F. Five yellow lines on body including one in middle of - '• ‘.. 'back that divides to form 2 lines on top of head. Small specimens have brigh t blue t a i l s ...... see "H"

Four white lin es on body, or none. Never a lin e in middle o f back or on head, tail not blue. Middle . of back uniform brown or tan, sides darker. . . see !'G"

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G. Black to dark brown band on each side bordered with a white lin e above and below, middle of back gray or olive brown. No transparent d isc in lower e y e lid ...... (3) Eumeces anthracinus Northern Coal Skink

Black or dark brown bands on sides not bordered with white lines, middle of back light golden tan. A distinct transparent disc in lower e y e lid ...... (7 ) Lygosoma late rale Ground Skink

H. Genus Eumeces, Blue tailed skinks: Three species in Virginia. These are difficult for the beginner to identify. The most common is (A) the Five-lined Skink (E. fasciatus). If the body is longer than 3ft it is (6) the Broad-headed Skink (E. laticeps ). The other species in Va. is (57 the S.E. Five-lined Skink. The young of a ll three of these are black, with bright yellow lines and a brilliant blue tail. nJ"

J. Middle row of subcaudal scales strongly widened, wider than other subcaudal scales. K Middle row of subcaudal scales not conspicuously wider than the other subcaudals . (5) E. inexpectatus Southeastern Five- lined Skink Kj. Fifth upper labial in contact with eye. (k) E. fasciatu s Five-lined Skink Fifth upper labial does not contact eye. (6) E. la tic e ps (but sixth upper la b ia l does). Broad-headed Skink

See black and white diagrams:

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LIZARDS OF_VIRGINIA: Description Data

Green^_brownish-green to_gray; color changes. Note£: Prefers moist areas. Climbs trees, shrubs, vines; Pattern: none, uniform or mottled with ir­ more easily collected after regular dark streaks or spots. dark with gasoline lantern.

Belly: tan to white, lighter than back. Lengthj_ Max. 7»5 inches snout-to-vent 2.7 inches Unusual features^ head large., d istin c t from neck; Ave.(incl. tail) 5 in. a pink throat fan under chin in males; small or absent.in females. Toe pads aid in climbing. Juvenile^: same color as adult. Scales small both on back and on belly. Tail is long, round, and slender. (Specimens needed.) (1) Green Anole (Anolis c . carolinensis)

Dull_medium to_pale gray; sometimes bluish. Notes_: Prefers sandy or other Dorsal scales 76 to 93 rows. well-drained loose soils, or rocky outcrops and river flood Pattern: Six light stripes, white to yellow plains; a ground dweller. lengthwise (head-to-tail). Short light stripe on sides of ta il extending back from hind leg; Lengthj_ Max. 9*5 inches stripe is bordered by a dark line. snout-to-vent 3 inches Ave.(incl. tail) 6 in. Belly: eight rows of large plates -- whitish in live specimens; bluish in preserved specimens. Juvenile£: 3 2' to 4 inches on hatching; same color as adult. Unusual feature: Long whip-like ta il. (2) Six-lined Pacerunner (Cnemidophorus sex lin eatu s)

Uniform brown to_olive_brown; dorsal sca les are Notes_: Prefers damp, wooded smooth, glossy, and in 26 to 30 rows at mid-body. areas; seldom in trees.

Pattern: Five white to orange or gold stripes; Lengthy Max. 7*5 inches dark areas between stripes extend from eyes snout-to-vent 3 .0 inches backward along sides. Females tend to retain Ave.(incl. tail) 5 in.' the pattern; males lose it with age, darken. In both sexes the dark bands along sides remain. Juveniles: 5 white to yellow stripes on black background. T ail brigh t b lu e . Length on Unusual feature: reddish-orange cheeks on males. hatching 2 to 2-J- inches, or a snout-to-vent length of 1 in.

(3) Five-lined Skink (Eumeces fasciatus)

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VHS EULLETIN No. 67 LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA Description Data

r k_b rovn__bac kg round; dorsal sca le rows 30 to 3 6 . Notes; Prefers drier areas than other "blue-tailed" skinks. Pattern; Five lig h t strip e s are narrow, otherwise similar to other five-lined skinks in pattern and Lengthy Max. 8.5 inches variation. snout-to-vent 3*5 inches Ave.(incl.tail) 5 i in. Unusual feature; Scales under the t a il are a l l about the same size. Juveniles; Areas between light stripes are black; five thin lig h t strip es become brigh t red to orange on top o f head.

(4) Southeastern Five-lined Skink (Eumeces inexpectatus)

Olive brown; color, pattern, as in five-lined Notes: A woodland species, it skinks. Dorsal sca le rows 30 to 32. likes hollow trees, logs; is arboreal in habit. Unusual feature: Orange-red head, swollen cheeks. Lengthy Max. 12.5 inches Tail: Middle row of scales under tail wider than snout-to-vent 5*5 inches other subcaudal scales (see diagrams and key). Ave.(incl.tail) 6.5 in.

Juveniles^ black; 5 yellow stripes, bright blue tail. At hatching 2.5 to 3»5 inches and may show seven stripes.

(5) Broad-headed Skink (Eumeces la tic e p s )

Olive brown to_olive_gray above; broad dark Notes_: Humid portions o f woody la te ra l strip e -- rich brown, 2 to 4 sca les hillsides are favored; springs in width — a narrow white line on each side; and rocky a rea s. dorsal sca le rows 25 at mid-body. Lengthy Max. 7 inches Pattern; A four-lined skink --no light line snout-to-vent 2.75 in. on top of head. Ave.(incl.tail) 5 in.

Unusual features £ Light strip e s extend onto Juvenile£: four-lined with blue tail; no dark lines down center of back. tails; patterned as in adults. At hatching, 2 inches; snout- to-vent length 1 inch.

(6) Northern Coal Skink (Eumeces anthracinus)

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LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA Description Data Golden_brown_to blackish-■brown; smooth., small Notes_: Floor o f moist wood- dorsal scales in 26 to 30 rows at mid-body. lands, seldom climbs; lik es water. Found in towns and in Pattern: Dark dorso-lateral stripe. gardens.

Unusual featuresj_ A transparent scale or Lengthy Max. 4.7 inches "Window " in lower eyelid; head scales large. snout-to-vent 2 inches Makes la te ra l (snake-like) movements when run­ Ave.(incl.tail) 3 in. ning. Small limbs, slender, cylindrical body; resembles a salamander. Juvenile^: 1.7 inches at hatching, color same as adult. Belly: White to yellow ish. (7) Ground Skink (Lygosoma la te r a le )

Shiny,_greenish above, many dark lines on sides. Notes_: Wet meadows and gra ss­ lands, or in pine woods. Pattern: No distinct mid-dorsal stripe, but dark lines or dashes on upper sides. Lengthy Max. 37*5 inches snout-to-vent 18 inches Unusual featuresWhite markings on posterior Ave.(incl.tail) 11.5 in. corners of scales. Vertical white marks on the neck. Juvenile^: Khaki broad, dark lengthwise stripe on each side Belly: Whitish with numerous rows o f smooth of back; 4 to 6 inches at over-lapping scales. hatching.

(8) Eastern Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis)

Erown,_i£regular_light^_ dark-bordered cross Notes: Dry grasslands and bands on back and t a il. open woods; active.

Pattern: Dark mid-dorsal stripe, narrow dark lengthj_ Max. 42 inches lengthwise stripes below the lateral groove snout-to-vent 11.5 in. and under t a il. Ave.(incl.tail) 22 in.

Juveniles^ Narrow black length­ wise stripes; dark mid-dorsal stripe or series of dashes.

(9) Eastern Slender Glass Lizard (Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus)

- 6 - 7 VHS EULLETIN No. 67 Fall 1971 ( LIZARDS OF_VIRGINIA

D escription Data

Gray-brown to_tan_above; spiny sca les. Notes^ Prefers re la tiv e ly dry sunny areas; arboreal. Pattern; Wavy dark crossbands on back. Lengthy Max. 7*25 inches _Male: Sides o f b e lly greenish-blue and a snout-to-vent 3*25 inches broad bluish patch on throat; wavy crossbands Ave.(incl.tail) k in. on back are indistinct or missing. Femalej_ wavy lines on back remain distinct; bright Juvenile^: Patterned as in orange, reddish, or yellow patch at base of females, but darker; 1 to t a il. 2 in. at hatching.

Belly: Whitish with black flecks.

Unusual feature: Dark lin e on rear thigh; spiny scales.

______(10) Northern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus)

REFERENCES: 1. BURGER, W. L., "Virginian Glass Lizards" VHS BULLETIN No. 27 (1962) 2. CONANT, Roger, "Field Guide to R eptiles and Amphibians" (1958) Houghton M ifflin Co. Eoston, Mass. 3. DAVIS, Donald M., "A Study o f Variation in North American Lizards of the fasciatus group,(Eumeces)" Duke University (1968) k. HOLMAN, J. Alan "Catalogue o f Amer. Amphibians & R eptiles (1971) Ophisaurus Herpetological Catalogue Committee 5. McCONKEY, Edwin H. "A Systematic Study of the N. Amer. Lizards of the *; Genus Ophisaurus" American Midland N aturalist (l& V 6. OLIVER, James A. "The Natural H istory o f N. Amer. Amphibians and / Reptiles" Van Nostrand Co. Princeton, N.J. (1955) 7* SMITH, Hobart M. "Handbook o f Lizards" (U.S. & Canada) Comstock Publ. Co. Ithaca, N.Y. (19^6 ) 8. TAYLOR, Edward H. "Genus Eumeces" Kansas University (Lawrence) Science Bulletin Vol. XXIII (1935) 9. UIBLE, Howard E. "The Amazing Glass 'Snake’" August 1962 'The Northern Fence Lizard" May 1963 VIRGINIA WILDLIFE magazine Richmond, Va. 23219

(and locality information from a great number of VHS members and friends.)

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SOURCE: "THE NATURAL HISTORY OF NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES" By James A» O liver

FROM: "A FIELD GUIDE TO REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS" ROGER CONANT

DORSAL SCALES- FROM: LATERAL FOLD HOBART M. SMITH or "GROOVE" "HANDBOOK OF LIZARDS"

VENTRAL SCALES FROM; EDWARD H. TAYLOR "D" ItEu

FROM PHOTO BY R. G. TUCK, Jr. 10 rostral postrostrols mental- internasals postmental - c onthals chinshields lateral frontonasal sublabials - median frontonasal prefrontal circumorbitals frontal supraoculars superciliaries frontoparietal parietal interparietal

loreols lorilabials preocular suprolabiols postoculors

FROM: HOBART M. SMITH "HANDBOOK OF LIZARDS" VHS BULLETIN NUMBER 68 Sp r i n g 1972

DISTRIBUTION NOTES ON LIZARDS _0F VIRGINIA

There are eight to ten Distribution of the Across Virginia closely- species of lizards native Lizards of Virginia is related species occur in to Virginia. The estimate based on a number o f p re­ the same areas but are is based on a survey made served specimens in col­ separated by elevation or by a number of interested lections at university, ecological niche. people who have provided co lleg e , and high sch ool the VHS editor with data b iolog y departments, and For example, the '^blue- for VHS distribution maps at institutions such as tailed skinks" occur to­ (see VHS-B#6l). A ddition­ the U.S. National Museum, gether in most areas of al information has been the American Museum o f the state but, in reality, dredged from textbooks or Natural History, and the are separated in some reference sources enter­ Carnegie Museum at P itts­ manner: What is i t ? ed as "Lm for literature burgh, among others. record in the county list In the Alleghenies and but carried as a record If you know of preserved the Blue Ridge, add the "o" on the outline maps. specimens of lizards from northern coal skink to Virginia in collections this picture. This small The general view of please drop a note to VHS skink seems to prefer distribution of lizard t e llin g where these are dampness, as does the species in Virginia is a located. ;Give the name five-lined,skink. On the result of bringing all of and address o f the person other hand, the broad­ the scattered information in charge, if known. headed skink prefers dry together. In this, VHS habitats. Similarly, the has had the cooperation two gla ss liza rd s are of college and university It is the hope of all separated by a preference professors of vertebrate who are putting their — one fo r a dry grassy zoology and the biologi­ efforts behind the Va. area (0. a. longicaudus), cal or natural sciences, Herpetological Survey, to and the other fo r a moist and th eir students. There improve the knowledge of area (0. v e n tr a lis). Much are a few records still distribution and natural can be done by anyone to come in and we hope history of these animals with sufficient scientif­ these w ill be on hand in over the next few years. ic curiosity to check out time for revision of the some of the possible fac­ data and com pilation with REMEMBER: Your carefu l tors that separate these the "Snakes o f V irginia" collecting and record­ s p e c ie s . (VHSB#37-38) and "Turtles keeping, or photographing o f Virginia"(VHSB#57-58)• in color (2" X 2" slides) For these reasons, when a if alive, or preserving specimen is collected, it Please check such sources in alcohol or formalin if becomes important to f ill as may be open to you for dead, will add to the out the characteristics any addition al specimens. total knowledge of these of the habitat on the Virginian species. c o lle c tin g data s lip , and Needed, p a rticu la rly , are it might be well to note records for counties that One thing the follow­ such things as elevation, presently carry the "?" ing pages will illustrate i f known. (does it occur ?), or "e" better than anything else (expected), or "L" (text is the absence of county USE THE VHS COLLECTING or literature reference). records fo r some liz a r d s . DATA SLIPS, REGULARLY. VHS B ulletin No. 68 Spring 1972 LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA DISTRIBUTION NOTES (cont'd)

Green Anol£: The Great "The other was about one complete with the scien­ Dismal Swamp, especially mile south of the state tific names then in use. along the Va.-No.Car.line line. Since the species These are very close to in NANSEMOND County and has been collected at those used in "The REP­ in Chesapeake (formerly Edenton,N.Car., about 25 TILE BOOK" (1909) by the NORFOLK County) Virginia. miles south, I see no late Raymond Lee Ditmars. reason to doubt the In VHS BULLETIN No.67, i t sources of information. Stansbury, it turns out, was suggested that the It would still be nice to enjoyed a wide acquaint­ green anole may turn up have one or two preserved ance among the herpetolo­ in southeastern Virginia. specimens." gists of his day. They included Dr. Leonhard No preserved specimen has Stejneger of the U.S. Na­ been found in collections A "second" literature re­ tio n a l Museum and Ditmars to date. Two "literature cord exists. For it, VHS of the N.Y. Zoological records" exist, however. is in debt to Michael J. Park (Bronx Zoo). C lifford , VHS member and A PE^ONAL_CO*JNICATION£ County Extension Agent at Of this small lizard, Amelia Court House, Va. A Raymond Lee Ditmars said: Dr. Roger Conant’s "FIELD book by Charles Frederick GUIDE TO THE REPTILES AND Stansbury, "THE LAKE OF "Strictly diurnal, the AMPHIBIANS "(1958) cred its THE GREAT DISMAL" (New 'chameleon' appears with southeastern Virginia York, 1924), contains the rising of the sun, with the green anole on mention of "... a tiny from where i t has been the basis of a personal chameleon whom I met ... sleepin g; the resting communication from sunning himself on the place is generally a Dr. Richard L. Hoffman, shore o f Lake Drummond." horizon tal twig, well professor of zoology, hidden among the leaves. Radford College, Radford, The reference occurs in The morning prowl is Va.,dated March 29, 1955. ’th e chapter "in Spring" prompted by a hungry Dr. Hoffman wrote to Dr. page 32, near the bottom. stomach. A large and Roger Conant, as follows: tempting fly is stalked "Chameleon" is a name for in the same fashion as a "... Although there are the green anole which en­ cat does a bird. Slink­ no preserved specimens to joys a greater popular ing forward, with body back up the matter, I am usage. It could have c lo se to the bough, the convinced that Anolis oc­ been dismissed as "poetic lizard nears the victim, curs in the Dismal Swamp, license" if it were the then quivers for the as in 19^7-19^8 1 got two only reference to reptile rush; there is a dash, verbal descriptions of a l i f e in the book. There with open jaws, and the small green lizard with a is a good chance that the prey is caught. Before long sharp head (cover) tern is correctly used as the fly is swallowed, the which occurred on old Stansbury's chapter on sharp little teeth are fences and in low bushes. "Animal and Plant L ife" employed to masticate it. One sighting was in contains a long list of The Anolis confines its / NANSEMOND County not fa r other reptiles found in food entirely to insects." from me Virginia line. the Great Dismal Swamp, - 3 - VHS BULLETIN No. 68 March-April 1972 LIZARDS OF VIRGINIA DIS IRIEUTION_NOTES_ (c_ont

Six-lined Ra£erunn£r£ It S.E._Five-lined Skink: It populations in the region occurs on the Coastal is, primarily, a Coastal around the South Fork of Plain and the Piedmont. Plain form and is rare on the Shenandoah River, at It invades the highland the Piedmont. It, too, both the upper and lower counties by way of the has not yet been recorded elevations. (Additional river valleys; following from the Eastern Shore. d e ta ils on this specimen the James and Roanoke A recent Duke University are available from VHS.) rivers in to ROANOKE, AL­ PhD thesis by Donald M. LEGHANY, and BOTETOURT Davis (now at University Broad-headed_Ski nk£ Also Counties. No specimens of Guam) has disclosed apparently statewide, it have yet been recorded some unusually northern is more common in the S.E from northern Virginia collecting records for counties. It has been above STAFFORD County but this species in LOUDOUN recorded throughout the it occurs in Washington, and PAGE Counties. These Piedmont. It follow s the D .C . and Maryland to the and a specimen each from Potomac River basin to edge of Baltimore. It is ALLEGHANY and CAMPBELL Harpe r ’ s Fe rry, W. Va., and apparently not found on Counties mean we have four the James River to C lif­ the Eastern Shore. ''outriders” from the main ton Forge. It has yet to population. Since the be recorded from the two LOUDOUN County co lle ctin g Eastern Shore Counties. Northern_Coal Skink: Blue site is a camp, it is Ridge and A lleghenies are possible that the speci­ the collecting areas for men was introduced. But, On the blue-tailed skinks this secretive or rare this cannot be said of Dr. Davis commented: "All little lizard. It seems the PAGE collecting site. three species (fasciatus, to prefer damp hiding The latter specimen, in inexpec tatu s, and laticeps) places in the highlands. the Carnegie Museum col­ apparently attain their The recent disclosure of lection, (cm 9651); is largest size in the south­ a third record has widen­ from 7 miles north of ern part of their ranges, ed the possible range of Luray, Va., and was c o l­ including a trend toward th is sp ecies. I t has now lected in August 1937. It higher scale counts. been recorded from ALBE­ was "...found in a dry, MARLE, ALLEGHANY, and rocky site at the top of ”.. . fasciatu s and l a t i ­ PATRICK Counties in Vir­ a ridge ...altitude ap­ ceps are more closely ginia, and in Maryland. prox. 2,500 fe e t . " While related to each other o r ig in a lly id e n tifie d and than either is to inex­ catalogued as Eumeces pectatus . ... Nothing Five_-l

GroundJS ki nk:j_ Probably Virginia date from before N°rthern_Fence_Lizard: It statewide, but not on re­ 1952. There is a great is statewide^ less common cord from west of the need fo r more f ie ld work on the Allegheny Plateau. Blue Ridge, except at in the southeastern coun­ This is the closest thing C lifton Forge (ALLEGHANY tie s to esta blish where in Virginia to the famous County) on the James. It it occurs in the state, ’Texas horned toad" since is much more common on if at all. Howard Uible, it s form, pattern and the the Coastal Plain of Va. in the VIRGINIA WILDLIFE rough scales lend them­ article, apparently was selves to this misidenti­ describing 0 . ventralis fica tio n . There are few —the more souther^ m ois­ counties for which there ture-loving form. How­ are no records. Although ever, no records of this it seems to be not common E. le nde r_Gla£s __Li za r d: form (ve n tr a lis) have as it once was. It has been found on the turned up. Coastal Plain and it s range extends into ad­ However, considerable UNUSUAL OR RARE SPECIMENS jacent Piedmont cou n ties. patience and s k i ll are should be saved, alive if It has not been c o lle c te d required in collecting possible, or preserved if north o f Ashland (HANOVER gla ss liz a r d s . They may dead-on-the-road. Photo­ County) Va. The sp ecies be observed on highways graph live specimens. A prefers dry grassy areas, and, o f course, smashed 2" X 2" color slide will and may haye quite a wide specimens may be preserv­ be accepted as a record— range in the ’old f i e l d s ’ ed, i f id en tifia b le, and if species can be deter­ of the Piedmont beyond if they contribute a new mined. Place a familiar present recorded sites. locality for the record. object in foreground for size comparison. WRITE to VHS EULLETIN about it . Eastern Glass_ Lizard^ Not For the early riser, as yet recorded but, if this Burger noted in 1962, the The small circles "o" on species is found in Va., glass lizard may be the following maps are it w ill be from along the flushed out from hiding collecting sites backed— Virginia state line in places along the weedy by preserved specimens in the southeast. It prefers margins of fields by one of the scientific de­ moist grassy areas. (See gently prodding a wide positories in Virginia or "The Amazing Glass Snake " swath o f vegetation with in an adjacent state. VIRGINIA WILDLIFE, August a long switch. The col­ 1962, Vol. XXIII, No. 8 ). le c to r w ill have an op­ Additional records are portunity for one quick desired;even badly needed. Before 1952, specimens of diving grab. This may IF YOU KNOW OF ANY PRE­ the glass lizard were at­ help to explain the lack SERVED SPECIMENS NOT NOW tributed to Qphisaurus of Qphisaurus records on RECORDED, PLEASE LET VHS v e n tr a lis. Edwin McConkey the Piedmont or in the KNOW ABOUT THEM. ACCURATE distinguish ed two sp ecies Coastal Plain counties. DATA WILL BE MOST WELCOME. in the northeastern part of the Qphisaurus range. - b - Early records of 0. ven­ SEE FOLLOWING PAGES FOR VHS MAPS tralis in southeastern - 5 - - 6 - t

- 7 - - 8 - VHS BULLETIN Wo» 68

(Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus)

Eastern Slender Glass Lizard /

COASTAL PLAIN HIGHLANDS ridge PIEDMONT f a l l l in e

fall line

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(Lygosoma laterale)

Ground Skink (7)

PIEDMONT COASTAL PLAIN HIGHLANDS ridge fall line

(Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus) J \ - / ^ fiHLAVO/

Northern Fence Lizard BATH

(1 0 ) A l l e g h a n y / r o c k b a io o */

PIEDMONT HIGHLANDS ridge fall line

- 9 - physiographic regions

COASTAL PLAIN eastern

PIEDMONT

ALLEGHENIES

ALLEGHENY PLATEAU VHS BULLETIN No.68 March-April 1972 DISTRIBUTION OF VIRGINIAN LIZARDS MAP KEY: G R N, F S. B G S E F X = County record R • A I E. R R L A E L = text record E cn L/p V 0 0 E S N (literature) E E 0 E F A U N T C ? = does it occur? N A I D N D E E e = expected L L V D E R - = not expected I E R N (negative) R N H /■ L A U S E L E S G G I N N K D I A K L L Z 0 N I N D I A A A COUNTIES: L E N E E N S S R E R K . S. • D D K S S D 9 ACCOMACK ...... - ? - e ? 9 e - X

- X ALBEMARLE - X L X e X e -

ALLEGHANY - X X X X X X - - X

AMELIA COUNTY - e - e e A - e

AMHERST - e 9 e e e e - - X

APPOMATTOX COUNTY - e e e e e ? - e

ARLINGTON COUNTY - ? - X e e X - - X

AUGUSTA - - e X 9 - e - - X

BATH - - e X ? - e - - X

BEDFORD COUNTY - X ? X e X X - - X

BLAND - - ? e e - ? - - e

BOTETOURT - X e e e - e - - X

BRUNSWICK - e - X X. X X X ? e

BUCHANAN - - e X 9 - ? - - X

BUCKINGHAM - X - e e e e ? - e

CAMPBELL - e - e X X e 9 - X

CAROLINE COUNTY - X - X 0 e e e - X

CARROLL - ? ? e e - ? - - e

CHARLES CITY COUNTY e _ e X X X e _ X 12 - VHS BULLETIN No. 68 March-April 1972 DISTRIBUTION OF VA. LIZARDS cont MAP KEY: G R N. F S. B G S E F X = County record R A I E. R R L A E L = Literature or E C C V 0 0 E S N "text" record E E 0 E F A u N T C ? = does it occur ? N A I D N D E E e = expected L L V D E R - = not expected I E R N (negative) R N H L A U S E L E S G G I N N K D I A K L L Z 0 N I N D I A A A COUNTIES L E N E E N S S R E R K S. D D K S S D

CHARLOTTE - e - e e e e e - e

CHESTERFIELD - e - X e X X e X

CLARKE - - e X e - e - - X

CRAIG - ? ? e 9 - e - - e

CULPEPER COUNTY - e - e ? e e - - X

CUMBERLAND - e - e e e e ? - e

DICKENSON - - e e ? - 9 - - X

DINWIDDIE - e - e X e X e - X

ESSEX - e - X e e e e - e

FAIRFAX COUNTY - ? - X e e X - - X

FAUQUIER - 9 9 e e e e - - X

FLOYD COUNTY - 9 9 e e - 9 - - e

FLUVANNA - e - e e e e - - e

FRANKLIN COUNTY - e 9 X e e e - - e

FREDERICK - - e e ? - ? - - X

GILES COUNTY - - 9 X 9 - 9 - - 9

GLOUCESTER COUNTY - X - X e X e e ? X

GOOCHLAND - e - e e e e e - e

GRAYSON 9 e e - 9 _ e 12 - - 13 - VHS BULLETIN No.68 March-April 1972 DISTRIBUTION OF VA. LIZARDS cont rd: MAP KEY: E F X = County record G R N. F S. B G S R A I E. R R L A E L = Literature or E C C V 0 0 E S N "text” record E E 0 E F A U N T C ? = does it occur? N A I D N D E E e = expected L L V D E R' - = not expected I E R N (negative) R N H L A U S E L E S G G I N N' K D I A K L L Z • 0 N I N D I A A A COUNTIES: L E N E E N S S R E R K S. D D K S S D

GREENE - e e X ? ? e - - e

GREENSVILLE ? e - e e e e e ? e

HALIFAX COUNTY - e - e e e e - - e

HANOVER - e - e e X e X - X

HENRICO COUNTY - X - X X e e e - X

HENRY - e 7 e e X X - - e

HIGHIAND - - e e - - 7 - - • e

ISLE OF WIGHT 7 e - X X e e e ? X

JAMES CITY COUNTY - e - ■ X X X X e - e

KING AND QUEEN - e - X X e e e - e

KING GEORGE COUNTY - e - X e e e ? - X

KING WILLIAM - e - e e e e e - e

LANCASTER - X - X X X X e - X

LEE - - 7 X e - ? - - X

LOUDOUN COUNTY - - 7 X X X e - - X

LOUISA COUNTY - e - X e e e 7 - e

LUNENBURG - e - e e e e e 7 e

MADISON COUNTY - 7 7 X 7 e e - - e

MATHEWS COUNTY e e e e e e e - 13 - VHS BULLETIN No.68 March-April1972 DISTRIBUTION OF VA. LIZARDS contJcL_ MAP KEY: G R N. F S. E G S E F R A I E. R R L A E X = County record E C C V 0 0 E S N L = Literature or E E 0 E F A u N T C N A I D N D E E "text" record L L V D E R ? = does it occur? I E R N L e = expected R N H A u s E L E S G G I - = negative or N N K D I A K L L Z not expected. 0 N I N D I A A A COUNTIES: L E N E E N S S R E R K S. D D K S S D • • MECKLENBURG - X - e e e X e ? e MIDDLESEX - e - e e e e e - e MONTGOMERY - - ? X e - e - - X NANSEMOND L X - X X e X X 9 X e NELSON - ? ? e e X X - - NEW KENT - X - X X X X X - X NORTHAMPTON COUNTY ? 9 - ? 9 9 X 9 ? X' NORTHUMBERLAND - e - e X e e 9 - X

NOTTOWAY - e - X X >£ X e - X ORANGE COUNTY - e - e e e e - - e

PAGE - - e e X - e - - X PATRICK - ? X e e 9 X - - e PITTSYLVANIA - e - X e e e - - e POWHATAN - e - e e e e 9 - e PRINCE EDWARD - e - e e X e 9 - e PRINCE GEORGE - e - e X e X e - X PRINCE WILLIAM - e - X e X e - - X PULASKI - - 9 e e - ? - - e RAPPAHANNOCK - - ? e e e e - - e RICHMOND COUNTY - e - X e e e e - X ROANOKE COUNTY - X ? e e e e - - X ROCKBRIDGE - - e X e X 9 - - X ROCKINGHAM - - e e 9 - 9 - - X

RUSSELL _ _ 9 e e - 9 - - e SCOTT ? e e - ? X - Ik - VES BULLETIN No.68 March-April 1972 DISTRIBUTION OF VA. LIZARDS c o n t ’d: MAP. KEY: rr G R N. F S. • B G s E F X = County record R A I E. R R L A E L = Literature or E C C V 0 0 E S N "text" record E E 0 E F A U N T C ? = does it occur? N A I D N D E E E R e = expected L L V D T E R N - = not expected R N H L (negative) A U S E L E S G G I N N K D I A K L L Z 0 N I N D I A - A • A COUNTIES: L E N E E N S S R E R K S. D D K S S D

SHENANDOAH - - e e e . ? - - X SMYTH - ? X e - ? - - e

SOUTHAMPTON ? X - e X e X e 9 e SPOTSYLVANIA - e - ■ ' e e e e • - - X STAFFORD COUNTY - X - X e e X - - X SURRY COUNTY - e - • e e X X e 9 X SUSSEX COUNTY - e - ' e e X - . e e 9 e TAZEWELL - - ? e e - ’ ? - - e WARREN - e e e - 9 - - e WASHINGTON COUNTY - - ? e e - 9 - • - e

WESTMORELAND - X - e . e e e e ? X

WISE COUNTY - - e e • e - ? - - X WYTHE - - ? e e - 9 - - X

YORK - e — X . X X X ' X ? X

(1) NEWPORT NEWS X - X e - e X e ? X (2) HAMPTON X - e *’ e e X e 9 X CITY o f NORFOLK X - X X e e e 9 X (3) CHESAPEAKE ? e - X • X X X e 9 X (4) VIRGINIA BEACH ? X - X X X X e ? X

Phys iographic Regions: ? •

HIGHLANDS - X X 9 ? X VALLEY AND RIDGE e e X X e X - X PIEDMONT X - X X X X X _ X COASTAL PLAIN X - X X X X X _ X GREAT DISMAL SWAMP L X - X X X X X e X

Formerly: (l) Warwick County; (2) Elizabeth City County; (3) Norfolk County; and (4) Princess Anne County. Records separated accordingly. - 16 - VHS BULLETIN 67 - 68 Final Page WHERE T0_FIND ITj_ COVER: Green Anole head VHS B# 67 Description: VHS B§ 68 Distribution: as seen from above, note Diagrams o f sca la tion in­ the "pineal eye" (center). side front cover: "A" General notes on 1d istrib - Drawing was made from a ution of Virginia liza rd s photograph which appeared Common (standard english) General: page 1 in a MEDICAL TRIBUNE a c­ and s c ie n t ific names; 1 Specific: pages 2-4 count of work on photo- receptor-like (light sen­ Key to Va. lizards, by Distribution maps : sitive) cells of the tiny Neil D. Richmond 2-3 Anole, racerunner . . .5 pinefc.1 organ of lizards. Five-lined skinks • • Descriptions: Broad-headed, and coa l The median, or p a rieta l Anole, racerunner, and skinks...... • • .7 eye reaches its structur­ five-lined skink 4 glass lizards . . . . .8 al zenith in the lizards, ground skink and fence especially in the iguanid SE five-lined skink, coal liz a r d ...... 9 lizards. In these, it and broad-headed skinks 5 possesses a retina, cor­ County distribution of nea, and lens. Examina­ Ground skink, eastern Va. lizards: tion of these tissues by gla ss lizard, and slender the conventional (light) glass lizard 6 ACCOMACK-CHARLES CITY 11 microscope shows that the CHARLOTTE-GRAYSON 12 parietal eye of Anolis c_. Northern fence lizard 7 GREENE-MATHEWS 13 carolinensis resembles MECKLENBURG-SCOTT 14 the corresponding struc­ Identifi£ation__drawing£: SHENANDOAH-YORK 15 tures of the lateral eyes. (See SCIENCE magazine fo r "A" to "E" (species are Former counties 15 18 February 1972, Vol.175 numbered, not labelled, Distribution by physio­ No. 4023, pp. 763-764.) to minimize prejudgment.) graphic region 15 INDEX LIZARDS (species #) description VHS B#6 7 distribution VHS B#68 eastern glass (9 ) key p.2 . 6, and dwg "B" p.4; map p. 8 eastern slender glass(8) 2, 6, drawing "B" p.4; p. 8 green anole (l) 2, 4, cover. "B" p.2 ; P- 5 northern fence (10) 2, drawing "E" p.4; 1> M P. 9 racerunner (2) 2, b, "B" p.3; P* 5 SKINKS broad-headed (6) key p.3. 5, drawing "C" p.3; map p. 7 m five-lined (4) 3, 5, "D" p.3; p. 6 ground (7) 3, 6, 11 "E" p.4 ; IT P- 9 northern coal (3 ) 3, b, "C" p.3; 11 p. 7 SE five-lined (5 ) 3, 5, "D" p.3; p . 6 References listed at p .7

The editor, Franklin J. C red its: Drawings and Cover: Inspired by a Tobey, Jr., thanks a l l diagrams, as noted on photograph carried in those who sent data illu stra tio n s "A" to "E" "MEDICAL TRIBUNE" N.Y. for use in this bulletin.

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