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Aves Del Desierto.Pdf avesVíctor Pulido • Letty Salinas • Césardel Arana desierto birds from the desert DE LA COSTA CENTRAL DEL PERÚ / FROM THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU Aves en el Perú}29 aves del desierto birds from the desert DE LA COSTA CENTRAL DEL PERÚ / FROM THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU Ica, Barranca-Perú Autores / Authors Víctor Pulido, Letty Salinas, César Arana Editora General / Editor-in-chief Josefina Barrón Diseñador Gráfico / Graphic designer Miguel Santaya AVES DEL DESIERTO DE LA COSTA CENTRAL DEL PERÚ Primera Edición / First edition Mayo / May 2013 Equipo Editorial / Editorial team Autores / Authors Víctor Pulido Capurro Letty Salinas Sánchez César Arana Bustamante Editora General / Editor-in-chief Josefina Barrón Diseñador Gráfico / Graphic designer Miguel Santaya Fotografía / Photography César Arana Jason Sullivan Liliana Ayala Carlos Mendoza José Otero Robert Williams Traductor / Translator Simon Walter Compilador / Compiler Josefina Barrón Impresión CECOSAMI PREPRENSA E IMPRESIÓN DIGITAL S.A. Calle Los Plateros N° 142 Urb. El Artesano Ate - Lima Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú N° 2013-06523 ISBN N° 978-612-45865-4-5 Proyecto Editorial N° 10701001300401 © Víctor Pulido, Letty Salinas, César Arana (2013) “Todos los derechos reservados de acuerdo a Ley. Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro por cualquier medio sin permiso de los propietarios de los derechos de autor.” Impreso en Perú / Printed in Peru De esta edición JOSEFINA BARRON EDITORES EIRL Foto de carátula: Para su sello editorial: BARRON EDICIONES Huerequeque en el desierto Av. Tomás Valle / Elmer Faucett s/n, Int. 124-A Cover photo: A Peruvian Thick-Knee in the desert Callao - Callao Derecha: Tiraje: 2000 ejemplares Joven turtupilín posa para la cámara Right: A young Turtupilin poses for the camera { 5 10 1. HACIA UNA AGRICULTURA SANA / TOWARDS HEALTHY AGRICULTURE 28 2. LAS AVES Y LA VIDA / BIRDS AND LIFE 54 3. LOS FUNDOS DE AGROKASA: CONOCIENDO SUS HÁBITATS / THE FARMS OF AGROKASA: INTO THEIR HABITATS 60 HÁBITATS / HABITATS 70 ¿CÓMO SE REALIZÓ EL ESTUDIO? / HOW WAS THE STUDY CARRIED OUT? 76 4. ESTAS SON LAS AVES / THESE ARE THE BIRDS 80 COMPOSICIÓN TAXONÓMICA / TAXONOMIC COMPOSITION 88 ABUNDANCIA DE LAS POBLACIONES / ABUNDANCE OF THE POPULATIONS 92 HÁBITOS DE ALIMENTACIÓN / FEEDING HABITS 102 REPRODUCCIÓN Y COMPORTAMIENTO REPRODUCTIVO / REPRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR 118 CONSERVACIÓN DE ESPECIES / CONSERVATION OF SPECIES INDICE / INDEX 148 5. FICHAS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS AVES / FACT SHEETS OF THE BIRDS 154 TINAMIFORMES - ANSERIFORMES - SULIFORMES - PELECANIFORMES - CATHARTIFORMES - ACCIPITRIFORMES - GRUIFORMES - CHARADRIIFORMES 228 COLUMBIFORMES - CUCULIFORMES - STRIGIFORMES - CAPRIMULGIFORMES - APODIFORMES - PICIFORMES - FALCONIFORMES 280 PSITTACIFORMES - PASSERIFORMES 422 6. GESTIÓN PARA UNA PRODUCCIÓN SOSTENIBLE Y ECOEFICIENTE / SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND ECO-EFFICIENT PRODUCTION 434 ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS-KEW EN AGROKASA / ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS-KEW IN AGROKASA 441 LABORATORIO DE INSECTOS BENÉFICOS / BENEFICIAL INSECTS LABORATORY 452 ÍNDICE DE AVES / BIRDS INDEX Página siguiente: Vista general de los viñedos de Santa Rita Panoramic view of the vineyards from Santa Rita { 9 1 HACIA UNA AGRICULTURA SANA TOWARDS HEALTHY AGRICULTURE Nuestras prácticas de cultivo abarcan lo más avanzado del conocimiento científico sobre fisiología, nutrición y manejo de plagas, lo cual nos permite estar —en los tres cultivos que ofrecemos— en el quinto superior de la productividad mundial. Our farming practices use the most advanced knowledge regarding physiology, nutrition and the management of infestations which allows us to be – in the three cultivations we offer – in the top 5 highest world producers. { 11 Atardecer en La Catalina Dusk in La Catalina { 13 ace veinticinco años, nuestro planeta tenía una población _MV\ảÅ^MaMIZ[IOWW]ZXTIVM\PILIXWX]TI\QWV aproximada de cinco mil millones de habitantes; dentro WN IXXZW`QUI\MTa Å^M JQTTQWV# \_MV\ảÅ^M aMIZ[ Hde veinticinco, seremos unos diez mil millones. En solo TNZWUVW_\PMZM_QTTJM\MVJQTTQWVWN][1VR][\PITN medio siglo, la cantidad de personas por alimentar se habrá IKMV\]Za\PMIUW]V\WNXMWXTM\WNMML_QTTPI^MLW]JTML duplicado. Con este vertiginoso crecimiento poblacional, cuyo ?Q\P \PQ[ LZIUI\QK XWX]TI\QWV QVKZMI[M \PM QUXIK\ WN impacto se amplificará aun más por la expansión de las clases _PQKP _QTT JM N]Z\PMZ IUXTQÅML Ja \PM M`XIV[QWV WN \PM medias en las economías emergentes –lo que origina un cambio UQLLTMKTI[[M[QVMUMZOQVOMKWVWUQM[¸JZQVOQVO_Q\PI en las dietas, pasando de carbohidratos a proteínas–, la presión KPIVOM QV _PI\ _M MI\ _Q\P I [PQN\ NZWU KIZJWPaLZI\M[ sobre los recursos productivos agrarios será cada vez mayor. \WXZW\MQV[¸\PMXZM[[]ZMWVIOZQK]T\]ZITZM[W]ZKM[_QTT Si antes la humanidad consumía mayoritariamente productos JMKWUMUWZMIVLUWZMQV\MV[M agrícolas, con el pasar de estos últimos y próximos 25 años ?PMZMXZM^QW][TaP]UIV[UIQVTaI\MOZW_VXZWL]KMQN deberá dedicar una parte importante de la producción agrícola \PM\ZMVLWN\PMXI[\Y]IZ\MZ̉KMV\]ZaKWV\QV]M[W^MZ\PM para ser transformada en alimentos animales que aporten VM`\aMIZ[IKWV[QLMZIJTMKP]VSWNNIZUW]\X]\_QTT proteínas. PI^M\WJMLM^W\ML\WXZWL]KQVONMMLNWZ\PMIVQUIT[\PI\ Por otro lado, la conexión hecha por primera vez a escala _QTTLMTQ^MZ\PW[MXZW\MQV[ masiva entre los mercados globales de alimentos y energía, .]Z\PMZUWZM \PM VM_ IVL ZMTI\Q^MTa ZMKMV\ UI[[̉[KITM mediante la promoción artificial del uso de productos TQVS̉]X JM\_MMV \PM OTWJIT NWWL IVL MVMZOa UIZSM\[ agrícolas (principalmente caña de azúcar y maíz) para la \PZW]OP \PM IZ\QÅKQIT XZWUW\QWV WN \PM ][M WN KZWX[ producción de combustibles, ha terminado de configurar KPQMÆa[]OIZKIVMIVLKWZVQV\PMXZWL]K\QWVWNN]MT[ una tormenta perfecta, con impactos dramáticos sobre PI[ XZW^QLML \PM ÅVIT QVOZMLQMV\[ NWZ I ¹XMZNMK\ [\WZUº los recursos naturales que intervienen en la producción de [KMVIZQW_Q\PXW\MV\QITTaLZIUI\QKZMXMZK][[QWV[WV\PM alimentos. VI\]ZITZM[W]ZKM[][MLQVNWWLXZWL]K\QWV La respuesta del hombre ante esta explosiva demanda global 5IVSQVL¼[ ZM[XWV[M \W \PQ[ M`XTW[QWV QV OTWJIT LMUIVL por alimentos e insumos agrarios se ha dado (1) por el lado NWZNWWLIVLIOZQK]T\]ZITQVX]\[PI[JMMVWVWVMPIVL\W de la ampliación de la frontera agrícola —muchas veces con M`XIVL\PMTIVLIZMI][MLNWZNIZUQVO][]ITTaMVKZWIKPQVO la invasión de espacios naturales hasta devastarlos— y (2) por WV¸IVL ]T\QUI\MTa LM[\ZWaQVO¸VI\]ZIT PIJQ\I\[# IVL WV la búsqueda del incremento de la productividad de las tierras \PM W\PMZ\W TWWS NWZ _Ia[ \W JWW[\ [WQT XZWL]K\Q^Q\a<PQ[ de cultivo. Esta última mediante el desarrollo de la genética TI[\ XWQV\ KWV\QV]M[ \W LM^MTWX IVL IXXTa OMVM\QK IVL y la tecnología en general, así como el uso de agroquímicos \MKPVWTWOQKIT SVW_TMLOM QV OMVMZIT I[ _MTT I[ \PM ][M WN para fertilizar y combatir plagas. IOZWKPMUQKIT[\WNMZ\QTQbMIVLXZM^MV\QVNM[\I\QWV[ Our irrigation systems – 6]M[\ZW[[Q[\MUI[LMZQMOW¸LM[IZZWTTILW[aWXMZILW[MVyV\QUI^QVK]TIKQ~VKWV developed and operated closely with the immediate TI[ VMKM[QLILM[ QVUMLQI\I[ LM TI[ XTIV\I[¸ VW[ XMZUQ\MV IPWZZIZ IO]I a VW[ needs of the plants – allow us to save water and help to use a TTM^IV\IUJQuVIMUXTMIZUMVWZKIV\QLILLMNMZ\QTQbIV\M[ lower amount of fertilizers. Si bien la agricultura orgánica muestra sus beneficios cuando )T\PW]OP WZOIVQK IOZQK]T\]ZM _Q\P Q\[ IJQTQ\a \W XZWL]KM es analizada en el nivel local, produciendo alimentos de I\\PMTWKITTM^MTQ\[TW_MZXZWL]K\Q^Q\aUMIV[\PI\Q\Q[VW\ mayor calidad, su menor productividad hace que no resulte [WKQITTa [][\IQVIJTM WV I OTWJIT [KITM QN \PM I\\MUX\ _MZM socialmente sustentable a escala global si se le quisiese utilizar UILM \W ZMTa WV Q\ M`KT][Q^MTa I[ I [a[\MU WN XZWL]K\QWV como modo exclusivo de producción. Solo lo sería, y ojalá así 1\KW]TL WVTa []KKMML¸IVL _W]TL\PI\ Q\_MZM XW[[QJTM¸QN fuera, con un cambio de dieta de la mitad emergente de la PITN WN \PM MUMZOQVO XWX]TI\QWV KPIVOML \PMQZ LQM\IZa población, y si además se diera un significativo cambio en los PIJQ\[IVLNIUQTQM[IVLOW^MZVUMV\[_MZM_QTTQVO\WUISM presupuestos familiares y públicos, asignando una mucho mayor [QOVQÅKIV\J]LOM\IZaKPIVOM[Ja[XMVLQVOIU]KPTIZOMZ participación de los alimentos en ellos, lo cual, por el momento, [PIZM WV NWWL _PQKP NWZ \PM \QUM JMQVO I\ TMI[\ TWWS[ es poco factible. PQOPTa]VTQSMTa Ante esta disyuntiva: agricultura 100% orgánica para pocos, o .IKML _Q\P \PQ[ LQTMUUI¸ WZOIVQK IOZQK]T\]ZM NWZ agricultura de alta productividad e impactos indeseados para NM_ ^ PQOP̉XZWL]K\Q^Q\a IOZQK]T\]ZM _Q\P ]VLM[QZIJTM muchos, Agrokasa decidió hace más de una década adoptar una KWV[MY]MVKM[ NWZ UIVa¸)OZWSI[I WX\ML UWZM \PIV I ruta sensata y prudente, una actitud que toma y respeta lo mejor LMKILMIOWNWZI[MV[QJTMIVLXZ]LMV\ZW]\MIVIXXZWIKP de ambos modos de producción. Se trata de una opción que \PI\ \ISM[ IVL ZM[XMK\[ \PM JM[\ WN JW\P [a[\MU[ WN hemos llamado “hacia una agricultura sana.” Nuestras prácticas XZWL]K\QWV <PM QLMI Q[ IV WX\QWV \PI\ _M KITT ¹<W_IZL[ de cultivo incorporan lo más avanzado del conocimiento 0MIT\Pa)OZQK]T\]ZMº7]ZNIZUQVOXZIK\QKM[QVKWZXWZI\M Derecha: científico sobre fisiología, nutrición y manejo de plagas, lo cual \PM UW[\ IL^IVKML [KQMV\QÅK SVW_PW_ I[ ZMOIZL[ Chorlo de doble collar nos permite estar en los tres cultivos que ofrecemos en el quinto XPa[QWTWOaV]\ZQMV\[IVLXM[\UIVIOMUMV\MVIJTQVO\PM Right: A Two-banded Plover superior de la productividad mundial. Incluso, en el cultivo de \PZMMKZWX[\PI\_MOZW_\WJMQV\PM\WXÅN\PQV\MZU[WN Página siguiente palta/avocado (Persea americana), participamos del selecto OTWJITXZWL]K\Q^Q\a1VI^WKILW[8MZ[MIIUMZQKIVI_MIZM (izquierda): grupo de empresas que lidera mundialmente este indicador. XIZ\WNI[MTMK\OZW]XWN\PM_WZTL¼[TMILQVOKWUXIVQM[QV Cosecha de espárragos en La Catalina Pero junto a la aplicación de modernas técnicas de producción, \PQ[ÅMTL0W_M^MZVW\WVTaLW_MIXXTaUWLMZVXZWL]K\QWV Following page (left): invertimos simultáneamente en investigación, desarrollo y \MKPVQY]M[ J]\ IT[W QV^M[\ [QU]T\IVMW][Ta QV ZM[MIZKP Asparagus plantations aplicación de técnicas amigables al ambiente.
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