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Apéndice D 2.1 Generales

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Apéndice D 2.1 Generales 000441 APÉNDICE D 2.1 GENERALES EIA Sistema de Transporte Andino del Sur 000442 000443 000444 000445 000446 000446A 000447 APÉNDICES D 2.2 VEGETACIÓN EIA Sistema de Transporte Andino del Sur 000448 APÉNDICE D 2.2-1 METODOLOGÍA - VEGETACIÓN 1.1 EVALUACIÓN DE CAMPO La evaluación de la vegetación desarrollada en campo, tuvo como finalidad, describir y caracterizar las unidades de vegetación dentro del área de estudio. Para la identificación y registro de la vegetación de la región Moquegua se utilizó métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. A continuación se describe brevemente la metodología empleada en los diferentes escenarios evaluados. 1.1.1 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA INTENSIDAD DE MUESTREO La intensidad de muestreo propuesta en el Plan de Investigación se mostraba conveniente para recoger la riqueza, diversidad y abundancia potencialmente presente en el área de estudio. Los puntos de Muestreo se determinó mediante el Mapa Base, las coordenadas geográficas y la ponderación de las características propias de cada unidad de vegeta- ción en base al área aproximada que ocupan, si son hábitats de especies sensibles, si se ubican dentro de un área con categoría de protección. Al área de estudio perteneciente a la Región Moquegua se le ha asignado una sola agrupación ecológica: Costa, la cual agrupa 04 unidades de vegetación: Vegetación desértica, Arbustal ribereño en valles costeros, Planicies y laderas desérticas de piedemonte con agrupaciones de tillandsia y Matorral y herbazal denso de piedemonte estacional. Se han evaluado cuantitativamente 43 parcelas (Cuadro 1) durante dos ingresos efectuados en marzo y octubre del 2009, las cuales sirvieron para el registro de información cuantitativa, mientras que recorridos a través de las unidades de vegetación sirvieron para colectar información cuantitativa de la vegetación. Cuadro 1 Esfuerzo de muestreo empleado en la evaluación de la vegetación por unidad de vegetación corres- pondiente a la costa de Moquegua para el primer y segundo ingreso a campo. Ecosistemas Primer Ingreso (pi) Segundo Ingreso (si) Unidades de Muestreo Estaciones de Unidades de Muestreo Estaciones de Muestreo (Parcelas) Muestreo (Parcelas) Unidad de Código de Vegetación la unidad de Número Código Número Código Número Código Número Código (UV) vegetación CO-Ve04- P1(pi) CO-Ve04- P2(pi) CO-Ve04- CO-Ve04- P1(si) P3(pi) Ve041 6 CO-Ve04- Planicies CO-Ve04- P2(si) y laderas P4(pi) CO-Ve04- desérticas de CO-Ve04- P3(si) UV05-CO 2 1 Ve043 6 piedemonte P5(pi) CO-Ve04- con escasa CO-Ve04- P4(si) vegetación P6(pi) CO-Ve04- CO-Ve08- P5(si) P1(pi) CO-Ve04- CO-Ve08- P6(si) Ve081 3 P2(pi) CO-Ve08- P3(pi) EIA Sistema de Transporte Andino del Sur Apéndice D 2.2 1 000449 Ecosistemas Primer Ingreso (pi) Segundo Ingreso (si) Unidades de Muestreo Estaciones de Unidades de Muestreo Estaciones de Muestreo (Parcelas) Muestreo (Parcelas) CO-Ve06- CO-Ve06- Arbustal P1(pi) P1(si) ribereño en UV03-CO 1 Ve061 2 1 Veo63 2 CO-Ve06- CO-Ve06- valles costeros P2(pi) P2(si) CO-Ve09- P1(si) Planicies CO-Ve09- CO-Ve09- y laderas P1(pi) P2(si) desérticas de CO-Ve09- CO-Ve09- piedemonte UV04-CO 1 Ve092 3 1 Ve093 5 P2(pi) P3(si) con CO-Ve09- CO-Ve09- agrupaciones P3(pi) P4(si) de tillandsia CO-Ve09- P5(si) CO-Ve02- CO-Ve02- P1(pi) P1(si) CO-Ve02- CO-Ve02- P2(pi) P2(si) Ve021 4 Ve023 4 CO-Ve02- CO-Ve02- P3(pi) P3(si) CO-Ve02- CO-Ve02- Matorral y P4(pi) P4(si) herbazal denso UV01-CO 2 2 de piedemonte CO-Ve10- estacional P1(si) CO-Ve10- CO-Ve10- P1(pi) P2(si) CO-Ve10- CO-Ve10- Ve102 3 Ve103 5 P2(pi) P3(si) CO-Ve10- CO-Ve10- P3(pi) P4(si) CO-Ve10- P5(si) TOTAL 21 22 Walsh Perú S.A., 2010. 1.1.2 MÉTODOS ESTANDARIZADOS APLICADOS 1.1.2.1 Identificación de Especies La identificación de las especies registradas y colectadas se efectuó tanto en campo como en gabinete. Con este fin los especialistas en vegetación recurrieron a bibliografía especializada (guías de campo, claves, etc.) así como consulta a herbarios nacionales como el Herbario San Marcos de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos y el Herbario HUSA de la Universidad Nacional San Agustín de Arequipa. Se siguió la taxonomía y sistemática utilizada por Missouri Botanical Garden, en Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. <http://www.tropicos.org>. Es importante aclarar que la determinación de las especies a pesar del esfuerzo realizado, en algunos casos no se ha completado, por lo cual se hace uso de las siglas abreviadas en latín aff. y cf. antecediendo a la especie (Ejem: Quinchamalium cf. stuebelii ó Werneria aff. poposa). La abreviatura aff. denota que el ejemplar es muy afín morfológicamente a una especie (mucha similitud), mientras que cf. indica que se requiere con- 2 Apéndice D 2.2 EIA Sistema de Transporte Andino del Sur 000450 frontar con más especímenes para llegar a asegurar la determinación de la especie. Estas siglas utilizadas manifiestan un status provisional de una identificación taxonómica (Bengtson 1988). En algunos casos se han registrado especies dentro de un género como sp. debido a que el espécimen no manifes- taba aún caracteres que permitiesen la determinación completa, pero que sin embargo permitía determinar que dos especímenes de un mismo género podrían ser consideradas como especies distintas. Por ejemplo, Gentianella sp1, Gentianella sp2 ó Gentianella sp3. Para efectos de no confundir se les diferencia con numeración 1, 2, 3, etc., para lograr diferenciarlas. 1.1.2.2 Evaluación Cualitativa Durante la evaluación de campo se realizó una búsqueda y colecta intensiva en cada unidad de vegetación, dentro y fuera de las parcelas modificadas de Whittaker (Unidad de muestreo), para lograr registrar el mayor número de especies presentes y también ubicar las especies consideradas VECs, los cuales por su escasez en la mayoría de los casos ha sido de difícil ubicación. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo registros acerca del uso de las plantas, de las entrevistas realizadas por los evaluadores de campo a los pobladores y las proporcionadas en los Talleres de Evaluación Rural participativa (TERPs), especialmente apoyos locales. Estas entrevistas estuvieron enfocadas al registro de la utilidad de cada especie. Adicionalmente se ha realizado observaciones generales sobre el tipo de sustrato, vegetación y paisaje; así como eva- luación de especies más conspicuas y consideradas como importantes en el scoping. Tambien se consideró de manera complementaria el registro de las condiciones y grado de conservación de cada área estudiada, así como notas acerca de impactos que se encuentren como quema de pasturas, sobrepastoreo, deforestación, etc. Las muestras colectadas se procesaron siguiendo técnicas convencionales (Womersley, 1981), y cumpliendo los compromisos asumidos en la Resolución Directorial N° 230-2009-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS. 1.1.2.3 Evaluación Cuantitativa Para el levantamiento cuantitativo de información de campo se empleó el método de Parcelas Modificadas de Whittaker (Campbell, et al. 2002). Este método consiste en el establecimiento de una serie de parcelas anidadas de diferentes tamaños permitiendo un acercamiento en múltiples escalas. La Parcela (P) mide 50 x 20 m (1000 m2 o 0.1 ha), incluye una subparcela central (SPC) de 20 x 5 m, dos subparcelas (SPA) de 5 x 2 m localizadas en esquinas contrarias de la parcela y diez subparcelas (H) de 2 x 0.5 m colocadas dentro de la periferia de la parcela (Figura 01). Las parcelas y subparcelas serán medidas y delimitadas con las cintas métricas (50 y 30 m), y marcadas con cinta flagging. Se registró la ubicación geográfica de las parcelas con el GPS (coordenadas UTM y altitud) y se fotografió el área evaluada. Diferentes clases de tamaño de la vegetación fueron medidas en cada subparcela: 1. En las subparcelas (H) más pequeñas (2 x 0.5 m) todas las plantas herbáceas y plántulas de menos de 40 cm de alto fueron identificadas y medidas (número de individuos y estimaciones de altura y cobertura por subparcela). 2. En las subparcelas (SPA) de las esquinas (5 x 2 m) todos los arbustos y los árboles con un diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) mayor o igual a 1 cm (=perímetro a la altura del pecho (PAP) de aproximadamente 3,1 cm) fueron medidos (número de individuos, altura y cobertura). También se incluyó plantines de hasta 3 m de alto. 3. En la subparcela (SPC) central (20 x 5 m) todos los árboles con DAP mayor o igual a 5 cm (PAP aprox. 16 cm) fueron identificados y medidos (número de individuos, pap, altura y cobertura). 4. Todos los árboles con DAP mayor o igual a 10 cm (PAP aprox. 31,4 cm) fueron identificados y medidos (número de individuos, pap, altura y cobertura) en la totalidad de la parcela (P) de 50 x 20 m (excepto en las áreas de las subparcelas donde ya fueron medidos). EIA Sistema de Transporte Andino del Sur Apéndice D 2.2 3 000451 Figura 1 Esquema de Parcela Modificada de Wittaker usada para la evaluación cuantitativa en las unidades muestrales. P (20x50 m) SPA1(2x5m) H1 (O.5X2.0 m) H2 (O.5X2.0 m) H3 (O.5X2.0 m) H4 (O.5X2.0 m) (O.5X2.0 H4 H10 (O.5X2.0 m) H10(O.5X2.0 SPC (5x20 m) H5 (O.5X2.0 m) (O.5X2.0 H5 H9 (O.5X2.0 m) (O.5X2.0 H9 H8 (O.5X2.0 m) H7 (O.5X2.0 m) H6 (O.5X2.0 m) SPA2(2x5m) Las parcelas fueron colocadas en los lugares que sean más representativos de una determinada Unidad de Vegetación, considerando siempre colocar el lado más largo hacia la gradiente (en los casos en los que se ha presentado) ya sea altitudinal o de cercanía a cuerpos de agua, etc.
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