DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Costs of Tobacco Use

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Costs of Tobacco Use Policy Brief | April 2019 Economic Costs of Tobacco Use Introduction below 1% of gross domestic product (GDP). The total global economic cost of smoking is Tobacco use accounted for more than seven estimated at around $US 1.85 trillion, or around million deaths globally in 2015 (around five 1.8% of global GDP. Therefore, a significant million men and two million women). Around increase in tobacco taxes can help close the gap 80% of the deaths attributed to tobacco use between the cost of tobacco use and the revenue occurred in low- and middle-income countries generated from taxes on tobacco sales. (LMICs). 1 Tobacco use imposes a significant economic burden on a country, including the This policy brief discusses various categories of costs of healthcare to treat the diseases caused economic costs of tobacco use and presents the by tobacco and the lost productivity resulting available global evidence. It is based on the U.S. from tobacco-attributable morbidity and NCI and WHO 2016 Monograph, “The 2 mortality. 2, 3 Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control” and several other published sources. A For every person who dies due to tobacco use, at companion technical note published under the least 30 people live with a serious tobacco- same title provides more detail on the various related illness. Smoking causes cancer, heart methodologies applied in estimating the disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, and economic costs of tobacco use. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Categories of economic costs Smoking also increases the risk for tuberculosis, of tobacco use certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune system, including rheumatoid arthritis. 4 While there are several categories of costs of Estimates of the economic costs of tobacco use tobacco use, most studies focus on direct and are relevant not only for determining the indirect costs. economic burden on a country, and for its Direct versus indirect costs financial planning, but also for pushing policymakers to implement effective tobacco Direct costs of tobacco use refer to the monetary value of goods and services consumed as a result control programs to reduce consumption, 5 especially increases in tobacco taxes. Despite of tobacco use and related illnesses, and consist that, reliable estimates of the economic costs of of healthcare costs (e.g., physician and other tobacco use still do not exist in many countries— service fees, medical supplies, medicines, etc.) especially in LMICs. Current levels of tobacco and non-healthcare costs (e.g., transportation, taxes fall short of recovering the true cost of food supplements, etc.). Indirect costs include tobacco use to national economies. In most the value of lost productivity and lost lives LMICs, the collection from tobacco taxes is resulting from illnesses related to tobacco use. Tobacconomics Policy Brief | www.tobacconomics.org | @tobacconomics Internal versus external costs vary widely across countries. Studies conducted In estimating the costs of tobacco use, total costs in LMICs mostly rely on more limited data and, should include both costs borne by the tobacco therefore apply less sophisticated methods than consumer (e.g., spending on tobacco purchases, those conducted in high-income countries healthcare costs incurred by the smoker), and (HICs). the uncompensated costs borne by others (e.g., A systematic review of studies conducted in healthcare costs as a result of exposure to various countries between 1990 and 2011 2 finds secondhand smoke). that direct and indirect smoking-related costs in Tangible versus intangible costs LMICs account for between 0.1% of GDP in Lao PDR to 3.4% of GDP in the Philippines, while Another category of economic costs direct costs alone range from 0.1% of GDP in distinguishes between tangible and intangible Mexico to 1.4% of GDP in Estonia (Figure 1). For costs of tobacco use. Tangible costs are HICs, direct and indirect costs account for measurable and easy to identify, such as between 0.3% and 2% of GDP, while direct costs healthcare costs and productivity losses. When range from 0.1% to 1% of GDP (Figure 2). A few tangible costs are reduced, they release financial studies have estimated the economic cost of resources which can be used for other purposes. smokeless tobacco; for example, the estimated Intangible costs, such as the value of lost life, or economic cost of smokeless tobacco-related pain and suffering due to illness, are far more cancers in Sri Lanka was $US 121.2 million in difficult to quantify. Unlike tangible costs, 2015 (or 0.15% of GDP), 7 while the economic reducing intangible costs does not release any cost of bidi consumption in India in 2017 was immediate financial resources for alternative estimated at INR 805.5 billion (or 0.48% of uses, but it increases welfare. Due to the GDP). 8 difficulty in quantifying intangible costs, most are underestimated, indicating that the burden The estimates of costs associated with of tobacco use on the economy is even higher secondhand smoke exposure are very limited. A than estimates may suggest. 2009 study in the U.S. estimates the total annual costs of treatment of conditions associated with Avoidable versus unavoidable costs secondhand smoke exposure in the state of Total costs of tobacco use are also made up of North Carolina (NC) to be $US 293.3 million, or avoidable and unavoidable costs. Avoidable costs 0.07% of NC GDP. 9 A similar estimate for the are those which could be reduced or eliminated state of Minnesota (MN) in 2008 was $US 228.7 at any time as a result of reduced tobacco million (or 0.08% of MN GDP). 10 In Hong Kong, 6 consumption. Unavoidable costs refer to already direct medical cost and productivity loss from existing tobacco-related illnesses and new cases secondhand smoke in 1998 was estimated at resulting from past or current tobacco use. $US 688 million (or 0.41% of GDP). After adding the value of attributable lives lost, the Global evidence on the economic cost was estimated to be $US 9.4 billion (or 5.6% costs of tobacco use of GDP). 11 Estimates of economic costs Estimates based on the existing evidence on the economic costs of tobacco use in terms of GDP Tobacconomics Policy Brief | www.tobacconomics.org | @tobacconomics Figure 1 Estimates of direct and indirect costs of smoking in LMICs (% of GDP) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ) )* )* )* )* ** ) ) )* ) ) ) )* ** ) ) 07 4 6 2 9 ) 05 08 4 11 08 11 8 ) 98 03 - 0 0 0 9 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 04 9 0 06 0 0 0 9 9 (2 (2 0 (2 (2 (2 9 0 (1 (2 0 (2 (2 (2 (1 1 (2 (1 2 2 o d c r ( n a a m n ia a ( ry es ( ic n li a g ta in si a no d ni h a n R x la b m n is h y tn a In o es g pi D e ai pu n o k C la ie b st d un p P M h e ya K be a V e E la ili o T R g z M L g H h a h M on U n P L c H a ze B C Source: NCI WHO (2016) 2 and Hoang Anh et al., (2016) 26 * Estimate includes only direct costs; ** Estimate includes costs attributed to SHS exposure Figure 2 Estimates of direct and indirect costs of smoking in HICs (% of GDP) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 * * ) ) ) * * ) * * * * ) 8) 6) 7 8 7 9) * 3 0) )* )* 7) 9 0 0 00 00 99 9 )* 00 9 2 4 0 99 0 0 2 2 1 9 5 2 9 00 -0 0 1 (2 (2 ( f ( ( (1 -0 ( (1 2 0 (2 ( l n o re s 4 y d ( 0 d rk e K e o d 0 an n a 20 n a ra U ed ep p n 20 la d ( la m Is w R a la ( rm a a A r n S , g r a e e an S e e a in he li G Z C U itz D re S et tra w w o N us e S K A N Source: NCI WHO (2016) * Estimate includes only direct costs; ** Estimate includes costs attributed to SHS exposure Based on data from 152 countries, Goodchild et (0.9% of global GDP). The LMICs account for al., (2018) 13 estimate the total global economic almost 40% of the global cost estimate, with cost of smoking in 2012 at around $US 1.85 direct costs being between 3.8% and 4.0% of trillion, or around 1.8% of global GDP (Figure 3). total health spending in these countries (Figure The direct costs were estimated at around $US 4). The estimated total economic costs of 467.3 billion, which represented around 5.6% of smoking in LMICs range from 1.1% to 1.7% of global health expenditures (Figure 4), or 0.5% of GDP, with the highest costs being estimated in global GDP, while the estimated indirect costs the Americas and Europe at 2.4% and 2.5% of were $US 446.3 billion for disability (0.4% of GDP, respectively (Figure 3). global GDP) and $US 938.6 billion for mortality Tobacconomics Policy Brief | www.tobacconomics.org | @tobacconomics Figure 3 Economic costs of smoking by country-income group and WHO region, 2012 (% of GDP) 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 World (1.8) 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.0 LIC LMIC UMIC HIC EMR AFR WPR SEAR EUR AMR Source: Goodchild et al., (2018) Figure 4 Smoking-attributable direct healthcare spending by country-income group and WHO region, 2012 (% of total healthcare spending) 7.0 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.0 World (5.6) 5.0 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.0 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.0 LIC LMIC UMIC HIC EMR AFR WPR SEAR EUR AMR Source: Goodchild et al., (2018) Lost productivity resulting from absenteeism non-smokers in the U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trends in Bidi and Cigarette Smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by Age, Gender and Education
    Research Trends in bidi and cigarette smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by age, gender and education Sujata Mishra,1 Renu Ann Joseph,1 Prakash C Gupta,2 Brendon Pezzack,1 Faujdar Ram,3 Dhirendra N Sinha,4 Rajesh Dikshit,5 Jayadeep Patra,1 Prabhat Jha1 To cite: Mishra S, ABSTRACT et al Key questions Joseph RA, Gupta PC, . Objectives: Smoking of cigarettes or bidis (small, Trends in bidi and cigarette locally manufactured smoked tobacco) in India has smoking in India from 1998 What is already known about this topic? likely changed over the last decade. We sought to to 2015, by age, gender and ▸ India has over 100 million adult smokers, the education. BMJ Global Health document trends in smoking prevalence among second highest number of smokers in the world – 2016;1:e000005. Indians aged 15 69 years between 1998 and 2015. after China. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2015- Design: Comparison of 3 nationally representative ▸ There are already about 1 million adult deaths 000005 surveys representing 99% of India’s population; the per year from smoking. Special Fertility and Mortality Survey (1998), the Sample Registration System Baseline Survey (2004) What are the new findings? and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2010). ▸ The age-standardised prevalence of smoking Setting: India. declined modestly among men aged 15–69 years, ▸ Additional material is Participants: About 14 million residents from 2.5 but the absolute number of male smokers at these published online only. To million homes, representative of India. ages grew from 79 million in 1998 to 108 million view please visit the journal in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Bidi and Cigarette Smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by Age, Gender and Education
    Research BMJ Glob Health: first published as 10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000005 on 6 April 2016. Downloaded from Trends in bidi and cigarette smoking in India from 1998 to 2015, by age, gender and education Sujata Mishra,1 Renu Ann Joseph,1 Prakash C Gupta,2 Brendon Pezzack,1 Faujdar Ram,3 Dhirendra N Sinha,4 Rajesh Dikshit,5 Jayadeep Patra,1 Prabhat Jha1 To cite: Mishra S, ABSTRACT et al Key questions Joseph RA, Gupta PC, . Objectives: Smoking of cigarettes or bidis (small, Trends in bidi and cigarette locally manufactured smoked tobacco) in India has smoking in India from 1998 What is already known about this topic? likely changed over the last decade. We sought to to 2015, by age, gender and ▸ India has over 100 million adult smokers, the education. BMJ Global Health document trends in smoking prevalence among second highest number of smokers in the world – 2016;1:e000005. Indians aged 15 69 years between 1998 and 2015. after China. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2015- Design: Comparison of 3 nationally representative ▸ There are already about 1 million adult deaths 000005 surveys representing 99% of India’s population; the per year from smoking. Special Fertility and Mortality Survey (1998), the Sample Registration System Baseline Survey (2004) What are the new findings? and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2010). ▸ The age-standardised prevalence of smoking Setting: India. declined modestly among men aged 15–69 years, ▸ Additional material is Participants: About 14 million residents from 2.5 but the absolute number of male smokers at these published online only. To million homes, representative of India.
    [Show full text]
  • American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors
    Volume 1, Issue 2 (December 2010) http://www.hawaii.edu/sswork/jivsw http://hdl.handle.net/10125/12527 E-ISSN 2151-349X pp. 1-18 ‘This Tobacco Has Always Been Here for Us,’ American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors Sandra L. Momper Beth Glover Reed University of Michigan University of Michigan Mary Kate Dennis University of Michigan Abstract We utilized eight talking circles to elicit American Indian views of smoking on a U.S. reservation. We report on (1) the historical context of tobacco use among Ojibwe Indians; (2) risk factors that facilitate use: peer/parental smoking, acceptability/ availability of cigarettes; (3) cessation efforts/ inhibiting factors for cessation: smoking while pregnant, smoking to reduce stress , beliefs that cessation leads to debilitating withdrawals; and (4) protective factors that inhibit smoking initiation/ use: negative health effects of smoking, parental and familial smoking behaviors, encouragement from youth to quit smoking, positive health benefits, “cold turkey” quitting, prohibition of smoking in tribal buildings/homes. Smoking is prevalent, but protective behaviors are evident and can assist in designing culturally sensitive prevention, intervention and cessation programs. Key Words American Indians • Native Americans • Indigenous • tobacco • smoking • community based research Acknowledgments We would like to say thank you (Miigwetch) to all tribal members for their willingness to share their stories and work with us, and in particular, the Research Associate and Observer (Chi-Miigwetch). This investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 DA007267 via the University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center (UMSARC). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or UMSARC.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Smoking
    FLORIDA’SBANNER INDIAN BANNER HERITAGE BANNER TRAIL •• BANNERPALEO-INDIAN BANNER ROCK BANNER ART? • • THE BANNER IMPORTANCE BANNER OF SALT american archaeologySUMMER 2014 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 SACRED SMOKING $3.95 $3.95 SUMMER 2014 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 18 No. 2 COVER FEATURE 12 HOLY SMOKE ON BY DAVID MALAKOFF M A H Archaeologists are examining the pivitol role tobacco has played in Native American culture. HLEE AS 19 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SALT BY TAMARA STEWART , PHOTO BY BY , PHOTO M By considering ethnographic evidence, researchers EU S have arrived at a new interpretation of archaeological data from the Verde Salt Mine, which speaks of the importance of salt to Native Americans. 25 ON THE TRAIL OF FLORIDA’S INDIAN HERITAGE TION, SOUTH FLORIDA MU TION, SOUTH FLORIDA C BY SUSAN LADIKA A trip through the Tampa Bay area reveals some of Florida’s rich history. ALLANT COLLE ALLANT T 25 33 ROCK ART REVELATIONS? BY ALEXANDRA WITZE Can rock art tell us as much about the first Americans as stone tools? 38 THE HERO TWINS IN THE MIMBRES REGION BY MARC THOMPSON, PATRICIA A. GILMAN, AND KRISTINA C. WYCKOFF Researchers believe the Mimbres people of the Southwest painted images from a Mesoamerican creation story on their pottery. 44 new acquisition A PRESERVATION COLLABORATION The Conservancy joins forces with several other preservation groups to save an ancient earthwork complex. 46 new acquisition SAVING UTAH’S PAST The Conservancy obtains two preserves in southern Utah. 48 point acquisition A TIME OF CONFLICT The Parkin phase of the Mississippian period was marked by warfare.
    [Show full text]
  • C-235-M-131-1922-XI BI.Pdf
    UBE àH C SOCIETE DES NATIONS. C. 235. M.131. 1922,XI. cd i/20383/20383 Genève, le 5 mai, 1922» OPIUM I I D I E IT. Le document ci-joint est communiqué, aur la demande du "India Office” , aux Membres d e la Société, à titre d1information, I I I! I A N OPIUM. The attached paper is circulated, at the request of the India Office, for the information of the Members of the League. THE TRUTH ABOUT INDIAN OPIUM BY G. GRAHAM DIXON. Printed for and issued by T h e I n d u s t r i e s a n d O v e r s e a s D e p a r t m e n t , I n d ia O f f i c e , W h i t e h a l l , S.W. 1. Printed by His Majesty's Stationery OrficE. 1922. THE TRUTH ABOUT INDIAN OPIUM. CONTENTS. P aiîe C h a p t e r 1.—The Royal Commission on Opium in India • 1 C h a p t e r II.—The Production of Opium in India - ■ 4 C h a p t e r III.—The Consumption of Opium in India - 8 C h a p t e r IV.—Opium Smoking in India proper and Burma • 13 C h a p t e r V.—The Export of Opium from India ■ 16 C h a p t e r VI.—The Hague Convention ■ 29 C h a p t e r "VII.—The Position of India in relation to the World’s Opium Problem ' - - - - 38 B ibliography - - - - - - - 12 T a b l e s .
    [Show full text]
  • A Focus on India and South Africa
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305635219 Controlling the use of Tobacco for Sustainable Development: A Focus on India and South Africa Article in INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE · June 2016 DOI: 10.5530/ijopp.9.2.5 CITATIONS READS 0 159 1 author: Theodore Duxbury Rhodes University 5 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: health Promotion Research View project All content following this page was uploaded by Theodore Duxbury on 25 October 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Special Edition Controlling the use of Tobacco for Sustainable Development: A Focus on India and South Africa Theodore Duxbury1, Seema Rath2, Paayal Maraj1, Sean James Bosman3, Sunitha Srinivas1* 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University PO Box 94, Grahamstown, SOUTH AFRICA. 2Hugh Kelly Fellow, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, SOUTH AFRICA /Department of Economics, Government College, Khandola-Goa, INDIA. 3Department of English, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, SOUTH AFRICA. ABSTRACT The use of tobacco containing products is a global health and economic burden adversely affecting sustainable development, particularly in the developing world. This article focuses on the impact of population growth, aging, gender, culture, and the ascendancy of transnational tobacco companies on the tobacco epidemic in India and South Africa. There is a distinctive manifestation of the tobacco epidemic in India and South Africa based on the stated impacting factors. Successful implementation and execution of tobacco control policies are required to promote sustainable human development. These must act in conjunction with strengthened World Health Organization tobacco control measures and improved understandings of tobacco industry strategies, as well as take population attitudes and practices towards tobacco consumption into consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-And-Middle
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2016 Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data, 2009 – 2012 Daniel Owusu East Tennessee State Universtiy Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Epidemiology Commons Recommended Citation Owusu, Daniel, "Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data, 2009 – 2012" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3063. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3063 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data, 2009 – 2012 _______________________ A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Public Health with concentration in Epidemiology _______________________ by Daniel Owusu May 2016 __________________ Dr. Megan Quinn, Chair Dr. Hadii M. Mamudu Dr. Ke-Sheng Wang Dr. Sreenivas P. Veeranki Keywords: Tobacco smoking cessation, low-and-middle income countries, cessation assistance, home smoking rule, intention to quit, advice to quit ABSTRACT Assessing Adult Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: Analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey Data, 2009 – 2012 by Daniel Owusu Smoking cessation can reduce health risk and prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.
    [Show full text]
  • Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health in India
    Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health in India Scientific Editors Prakash C. Gupta Monika Arora Dhirendra Sinha Samira Asma Mark Parascondola Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India or of the organizations that authors and editors are affiliated to. Suggested citation: Gupta PC, Arora M, Sinha DN, Asma S, Parascandola M (eds.); Smokeless Tobacco and Public Health in India. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; New Delhi; 2016. Editorial Assistants Cecily S. Ray Manu Raj Mathur Lauren Bartell Message ,QGLDKDVDOZD\VUHDI¿UPHGLWVSRVLWLRQDVWKHJOREDOOHDGHULQWKHDUHDRIWREDFFRFRQWURO ,FRPPHQGP\0LQLVWU\IRUWDNLQJFRQFUHWHVWHSVLQDGYDQFLQJWREDFFRFRQWUROLQLWLDWLYHV DW1DWLRQDO6WDWHDQG6XE1DWLRQDOOHYHOVWKURXJK1DWLRQDO7REDFFR&RQWURO3URJUDPPH 7REDFFRXVHLVWKHIRUHPRVWSUHYHQWDEOHFDXVHRIGHDWKDQGGLVHDVHJOREDOO\DV ZHOODVLQ,QGLD$VSHUWKH*OREDO$GXOW7REDFFR6XUYH\ *$76 ±,QGLDVPRNHOHVV WREDFFRFKHZLQJIRUPVDUHWKHPRVWSUHYDOHQWIRUPVZLWKPLOOLRQ,QGLDQVXVLQJLW$V VXFKWKHFRQVHTXHQWEXUGHQRIPRUWDOLW\DQGPRUELGLW\GXHWRFRQVXPSWLRQRIVPRNHOHVV WREDFFR 6/7 LVYHU\KLJKLQ,QGLD$YDLODEOHHYLGHQFHVXJJHVWWKDW,QGLDVKDUHVWKHPD[LPXP EXUGHQRIRUDOFDQFHULQWKHZRUOG7KHXVHRI6/7LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKKLJKSUHYDOHQFHRIRUDO FDQFHULQ,QGLDDQGDOPRVWRIWKHVHRUDOFDQFHUVDUHOLQNHGWRWREDFFRXVH 7KHFKDOOHQJHVEHIRUHWKHQDWLRQDUHIRUPLGDEOHERWKLQWKHLUQXPEHUDQGLQWKHLUFRPSOH[LW\HVSHFLDOO\ LQYLHZRIWKHJURZLQJ1RQ&RPPXQLFDEOH'LVHDVHV 1&'V DQGWKDWWRRDPRQJVWGLVDGYDQWDJHGSHRSOHZKROLYH LQUXUDODUHDV7KHUHIRUHLWEHFRPHVLPSHUDWLYHWRWDNHDOOVRFLDOGHWHUPLQDQWVRI1&'LQWRDFFRXQWDQGWRFXUEWKH
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Trends Among Women in India: Analysis of Nationally Representative Surveys (1993–2009) Sonu Goel, Jaya Prasad Tripathy1, Rana J
    Published online: 2020-12-31 TABACCO, THE MENACE Original Article Smoking trends among women in India: Analysis of nationally representative surveys (1993–2009) Sonu Goel, Jaya Prasad Tripathy1, Rana J. Singh2, Pranay Lal2 Abstract Background: There is growing concern among policy makers with respect to alarming growth in smoking prevalence among women in the developing countries. Methods: Using disaggregated data from five nationally representative surveys: Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2010, National Family Health Survey‑III (NFHS‑III) 2004–2005, NFHS‑II 1998‑1999, National Sample Survey (NSS) 52nd Round 1995–1996, NSS 50th Round 1993‑1994 we analysed female smoking trend from 1993‑2009. Tobacco use among females was monitored for almost two decades focusing on gender, literacy, and state‑specific trends among respondents aged >15 years. Results: Smoking use among women has doubled from 1.4% to 2.9% (P < 0.001) during the period 2005‑2010. The prevalence of smoking increased with decrease in per capita State Gross Domestic Product and literacy status for both men and women. Conclusion: As the overall smoking prevalence grows, female smoking is growing at a faster rate than smoking among males, which is an emerging concern for tobacco control in India and requires the attention of policymakers. Key words: Female smoking, India, Global Adult Tobacco Survey Introduction NFHS‑II 1998‑1999, National Sample Survey (NSS) 52nd Round th Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and 1995‑1996, NSS 50 Round 1993–1994. The trends of disease in the world taking more than five million lives each prevalence and use of tobacco was estimated according to year.[1] Over the past couple of decades, there has been an gender, literacy and states among respondents aged >15years.
    [Show full text]
  • (2004) Report on Tobacco Control in India
    Report on Tobacco Control in India Edited by K. Srinath Reddy Prakash C. Gupta This report is jointly supported by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA World Health Organization Tobacco Control in India Report on Tobacco Control in India (New Delhi, India), 25 November 2004 Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Nirman Bhawan, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110011, India Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, who commissioned the report as well as the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA), who provided technical guidance. Preparation of this report has been jointly undertaken by HRIDAY, New Delhi, India and Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India HRIDAY Tata Memorial Centre T-7, Green Park Extension Dr Ernest Borges Marg, Parel New Delhi 110016 Mumbai 400012 India up to 31 July 2004; since then Healis Sekhsaria Institute of Public Health 601, Great Eastern Chambers 6th Floor, Plot No. 28, Sector 11 CBD Belapur (E) Navi Mumbai 400614 India on behalf of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India The report has been technically edited by BYWORD EDITORIAL CONSULTANTS A-217, Somdatt Chambers I, Bhikaiji Cama Place New Delhi 110016, India Printed at Shree Om Enterprises Pvt. Ltd., A-98/3 Okhla Industrial Area, Pahse II, New Delhi 110020 ii Tobacco Control in India Foreword Hkkjr ljdkj LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky; ubZ fnYyh & 110011 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE NEW DELHI - 110011 J.V.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Use of Tobacco Among Indigenous Peoples in North America
    Literature Review Traditional Use of Tobacco among Indigenous Peoples of North America March 28, 2014 Dr. Tonio Sadik Chippewas of the Thames First Nation 1. Overview This literature review arises as one part of the Chippewas of the Thames1 First Nation’s (CoTTFN) engagement with the Province of Ontario regarding tobacco issues and related First Nation interests (the “Tobacco Initiative”). The specific focus of this review is on existing academic literature pertaining to the traditional use of tobacco by indigenous peoples in North America. For the purposes of this review, traditional use refers to those uses of tobacco by indigenous peoples2 that may be distinct from the contemporary commercial use of tobacco, that is, recreational smoking. Most current knowledge about tobacco is dominated by the history of European and Euro- American tobacco use, despite the fact that the growing and harvesting of tobacco by indigenous peoples predates the arrival of Europeans (Pego, Hill, Solomon, Chisholm, and Ivey 1995). Tobacco was first introduced to Europeans shortly after Columbus’ landfall in the Americas in 1492, and was likely the first plant to have been domesticated in the so-called New World. Generally speaking, indigenous peoples of North America had four uses for tobacco: for prayers, offerings, and ceremonies; as medicine; as gifts to visitors; and as ordinary smoking tobacco.3 The traditional use of tobacco can in many cases be traced back to the creation stories of a respective indigenous nation. Although the meanings associated with such stories vary, tobacco is consistently described for its sacred elements: to bring people together; for its medicinal or healing properties; or as an offering.
    [Show full text]
  • (INCLUDING BETEL QUID and ARECA NUT) an Annotated Bibliography of Research on Use, Health Effects
    RESEARCH ON TOBACCO IN INDIA (INCLUDING BETEL QUID AND ARECA NUT) An annotated bibliography of research on use, health effects, economics, and control efforts Cecily Stewart Ray with Prakash Gupta and Joy de Beyer August 2003 Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population Family (HNP) of the World Bank's Human Development Network (HNP Discussion Paper). The papers in this series aim to provide a vehicle for publishing preliminary and unpolished results on HNP topics to encourage discussion and debate. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Citation and the use of material presented in this series should take into account this provisional character. For free copies of papers in this series please contact the individual authors whose name appears on the paper. Enquiries about the series and submissions should be made directly to the Editor in Chief. Submissions should have been previously reviewed and cleared by the sponsoring department which will bear the cost of publication. No additional reviews will be undertaken after submission. The sponsoring department and authors bear full responsibility for the quality of the technical contents and presentation of material in the series. Since the material will be published as presented, authors should submit an electronic copy in a predefined format (available at www.worldbank.org/hnppublications on the Guide for Authors page) as well as three camera-ready hard copies (copied front to back exactly as the author would like the final publication to appear).
    [Show full text]