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Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
T-6 Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLE FORMULAS: A chemical formula shows the elemental composition of a substance: the chemical symbols show what elements are present and the numerical subscripts show how many atoms of each element there are in a formula unit. Examples: NaCl: one sodium atom, one chlorine atom in a formula unit CaCl2: one calcium atom, two chlorine atoms in a formula unit Mg3N2: three magnesium atoms, two nitrogen atoms in a formula unit The presence of a metal in a chemical formula indicates an ionic compound, which is composed of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). A formula with only nonmetals indicates a + molecular compound (unless it is an ammonium, NH4 , compound). Only ionic compounds are considered in this Tutorial. There are tables of common ions in your lecture text, p 56 (cations) and p 57 (anions). A combined table of these same ions can be found on the inside back cover of the lecture text. A similar list is on the next page; all formulas needed in this and subsequent Tutorial problems can be written with ions from this list. Writing formulas for ionic compounds is very straightforward: TOTAL POSITIVE CHARGES MUST BE THE SAME AS TOTAL NEGATIVE CHARGES. The formula must be neutral. The positive ion is written first in the formula and the name of the compound is the two ion names. EXAMPLE: Write the formula for potassium chloride. The name tells you there are potassium, K+, and chloride, Cl–, ions. Each potassium ion is +1 and each chloride ion is -1: one of each is needed, and the formula for potassium chloride is KCl. -
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority Annexs to Cosmetics Import, Export and Wholesale Control Directive No. 48/2020
Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority Annexs to Cosmetics Import, Export and Wholesale Control Directive No. 48/2020 March, 2020 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 1 Annexes to the Cosmetics Import, Export and Wholesale Control Directive No. 48/2020 1) Annex I: Illustrative list of cosmetics by catagories 2) Annex II: List of prohibited substances 3) Annex III: List of substances which cosmetic must not contain except the restrictions laid down 4) Annex IV: List of colorants allowed in cosmetics 5) Annex V: List of preservatives allowed in cosmetics 2 Annex I ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF COSMETICS BY CATEGORIES Creams, emulsions, lotions, gels and oils for the skin (hands, face, feet, etc.) Face masks (with the exception of chemical peeling products) Tinted bases (liquids, pastes, powders) Make-up powders, after-bath powders, hygienic powders, etc. Toilet soaps, deodorant soaps, etc. Perfumes, toilet waters and eau de cologne Bath and shower preparations (salts, foams, oils, gels, etc.) Depilatories Deodorants and anti-perspirants Hair care products hair tints and bleaches products for waving, straightening and fixing setting products o cleansing products (lotions, powders, shampoos) conditioning products (lotions, creams, oils) hairdressing products (lotions, lacquers, brilliantines) Shaving products (creams, foams, lotions, etc.) Products for making-up and removing make-up from the face and the eyes Products intended for application to the lips Products for care of the teeth and the mouth Products for nail care and make-up Products for -
COVALENT COMPOUNDS Unit 2 COVALENT BOND
COVALENT COMPOUNDS Unit 2 COVALENT BOND Forms between two non-metals! Electrons are shared! Co= share Valent = electrons Since electrons are shared, no need to balance charges Covalent bonds form molecules. Molecule - group of neutral atoms held together with a covalent bond Diatomic molecules – molecule consisting of 2 atoms MOLECULES H2O2Br2F2I2N2Cl2 Compound composed of molecules is a molecular compound. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS Molecular Compounds Properties Gases or liquids Low melting/boiling points Usually made from 2 nonmetals bonded covalently Do not conduct electricity (solid or dissolved) Molecular chemical formula shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains. H2O – Molecular formula of water 2 Hydrogen atoms, 1 Oxygen atom CO2 – Molecular formula for Carbon Dioxide MOLECULAR 1 Carbon atom, 2 Oxygen atoms FORMULAS H:H - Lewis Dot H-H – Structural Formula H2 – Molecular chemical formula LEWIS STRUCTURES COVALENT BONDING To draw a Lewis Structure, one must know the types of atoms in the molecule, the number of atoms in the molecule and the number of valence electrons for each atom in the molecule. DOUBLE & TRIPLE COVALENT BONDS Sharing a pair of electrons creates a single covalent bond Sharing more than one pair of electrons creates double and triple covalent bonds. 2 shared pairs – Double covalent bond 3 shared pairs – Triple covalent bond Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen 1. First element is named first, using the full name of the element 2. The second element is named by dropping ending and adding RULES FOR “–ide” NAMING 3. Prefixes are used to denote # COVALENT of each atom present COMPOUNDS 4. Prefix mono- is never used on the first element 5. -
Potassium Sulfite
Potassium sulfite sc-253311 Material Safety Data Sheet Hazard Alert Code Key: EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Potassium sulfite STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA FLAMMABILITY0 HEALTH3 HAZARD INSTABILITY1 SUPPLIER Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 2145 Delaware Avenue Santa Cruz, California 95060 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 EMERGENCY ChemWatch Within the US & Canada: 877-715-9305 Outside the US & Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 SYNONYMS K2-S-O3, "potassium sulphite", "sulfurous acid, dipotassium salt", "sulphurous acid, dipotassium salt" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability: 0 Toxicity: 2 Body Contact: 2 Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Reactivity: 1 Moderate=2 High=3 Chronic: 2 Extreme=4 CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW 1 of 10 RISK Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ! Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual. ! Ingestion of sulfite salts may cause gastric irritation. Large doses may produce violent colic, diarrhea, circulatory disturbance, depression of vital functions and, sometimes, death. EYE ! This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. SKIN ! This material can cause inflammation of the skin oncontact in some persons. ! The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition. ! Skin contact is not thought to have harmful health effects, however the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. -
Material Safety Data Sheet
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET AGFA CORPORATION 100 Challenger Road Ridgefield Park, NJ 07660 TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY NON-TRANSPORTATION CALL CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300 HEALTH EMERGENCY PHONE..: (303) 623-5716 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: 202-483-7616 AGFA INFORMATION PHONE..: (201) 440-2500 -~~~~~~~--~~~_-------------~~~---------~~~-------~~~~~~~~-~------~~~~---------- 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION: ~~~~-~~~--~~~__-----____________________~~~~~-~--~~~~~~~~~~-------------------- PRODUCT NAME........: Rodinal PRODUCT CODE........: ABC Code: S9X6ZOOO S94RVOOO S94PR000 BQK46000 BQJP7000 S9X84000 CHEMICAL FAMILY.....: Aqueous Photochemical Solution containing Potassium Hydroxide BUSINESS GROUP......: Photo Imaging Systems AGFA MSDS NUMBER....: 225 -------------------_----------------------------------------------------------- 2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS: --------_----------_----------------------------------------------------------- INGREDIENT NAME /CAS NUMBER EXPOSURE LIMITS CONCENTRATION (%) --------------_---------------------------------------------------------------- --------_---------------~--------~~------ ***** HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS ***** -------------_--------------------------- Potassium Hydroxide 1310-58-3 OSHA : 2.00 mg/m3 Ceiling 3.000 % ACGIH: 2.00 mg/m3 Ceiling --------------------_____ -------------- Potassium Sulfite 10117-38-l OSHA : Not Established 30-40 % ACGIH: Not Established --------------------_____ -------------- Potassium Bromide 7758-02-3 OSHA : Not Established 1-5 % ACGIH: Not Established ----------------------me- -
Substance Evaluation Report 2014 – Disodium Disulphite
SUBSTANCE EVALUATION REPORT 2014 – DISODIUM DISULPHITE SUBSTANCE EVALUATION REPORT Public Name: Disodium disulphite EC Number(s): 231-673-0 CAS Number(s): 7681-57-4 Submitting Member State Competent Authority: National Institute of Chemical Safety, Hungary H-1097 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 2. tel: +36 1 476 1195 Year of evaluation (as given in the CoRAP): 2014 VERSION NUMBER: 1 DATE: 30.10.2015 Conclusions of the most recent evaluation step* Tick relevant box(es) Concern not clarified; Need to request further information from the Registrant(s) with the draft decision Concern clarified; No need of further risk management measures Concern clarified; Need for risk management measures; RMO analysis to be performed Other: Concern clarified; need for risk management measure (proposal for X harmonized C&L), but no need for RMOA *Include details in the executive summary. 1 SUBSTANCE EVALUATION REPORT 2014 – DISODIUM DISULPHITE DISCLAIMER The Substance evaluation report has been prepared by the evaluating Member State as a part of the substance evaluation process under the REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The information and views set out in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Chemicals Agency or other Member States. The Agency does not guarantee the accuracy of the information included in the document. Neither the Agency nor the evaluating Member State nor any person acting on either of their behalves may be held liable for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Statements made or information contained in the document are without prejudice to any further regulatory work that the Agency or Member States may initiate at a later stage. -
Inorganic Chemistry Test for Sulphite Radical
Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Test for Sulphite Radical General Aim Method Detection of the presence of sulte ion as an acid radical Detection of the presence of sulte as acid radical in inorganic salts such as potassium sulte. using specic chemical reagents. Learning Objectives (ILOs) Dene and dierentiate between sulte ions and other acid radicals through their chemical formulas. Classify inorganic salts according to their acid radicals. Compare between sulte and other rst group members in terms of chemical structures, properties and reactions. Identify sulte radicals containing salts experimentally. Select the appropriate reagents to detect the presence of sulte radical. Balance the chemical equations of chemical reactions. Theoretical Background/Context - Sulte is the conjugate base of bisulte. Although sulfonic acid is not commonly available, its salts are highly abundant naturally in many foods and are commonly utilized as food additives. - Although sulte ion is counted as a weak base, it undergoes hydrolysis to produce basic solutions. SO32− (aq) + H2O (l) ↔ HSO3− (aq) + OH− (aq) - In the presence of an acidic solution, the equilibrium is shifted towards formation of sulfurous acid, leading to sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas evolution. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. HSO3− (aq) + 2 H2O (l) ↔ H2SO3 (aq) + OH− (aq) H2SO3 (aq) ↔ H2O (l) + SO2 (g) - Sulte ions get oxidized easily upon exposure to oxygen in air. 2 SO32− (aq) + O2 (g) ↔ 2 SO42− (aq) - Therefore, sulte and sulfur dioxide could decolorize permanganate solution. Therefore, the reaction can be used to test for sulfur dioxide. 2MnO4− (aq) + 5SO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) ↔ 5SO42− (aq) + 2Mn2+ (aq) + 4H+ (aq) - Sulte anion possesses three equivalent resonating structures. -
Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride -
Sd1559 Formula
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET SECTION 1 - PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME: FORMULA 159 PRODUCT USE: OXYGEN SCAVENGER UN NUMBER: NA PROPER SHIPPING NAME: NA MANUFACTURER'S NAME: Garratt-Callahan Company ADDRESS: 50 Ingold Road, Burlingame, CA 94010-2206 EMERGENCY PHONE: North America: CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 Outside North America: +1-703-527-3887 BUSINESS PHONE: Product Information: 650-697-5811 MSDS NUMBER: SD1559 DATE OF REVISION: 10/17/2011 SECTION 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION: This product has not been classified as defined by the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). Components of this product that have GHS hazard and precautionary statements include: Sodium bisulfite (7631-90-5). SIGNAL WORD: WARNING GHS HAZARD STATEMENT: H302: Harmful if swallowed. GHS PREVENTATIVE STATEMENTS: P101: If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. P102: Keep out of reach of children. P103: Read label before use. P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264: Wash all exposed skin/hair thoroughly after handling. P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Avoid eye contact. May cause eye irritation. Avoid repeated or prolonged skin contact, inhalation of aerosol, mist, spray, fume or vapor. May cause respiratory tract and skin irritation. Wash thoroughly after handling. TARGET ORGANS: ACUTE: Skin, eyes, respiratory system. CHRONIC: Skin, eyes, respiratory system. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM HEALTH HAZARD (BLUE) 1 Hazard Scale 0=Minimal 1=Slight FLAMMABILITY HAZARD (RED) 0 2=Moderate 3=Serious REACTIVITY HAZARD (YELLOW) 0 4=Severe *=Chronic hazard SECTION 3 - COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Hazardous Ingredients CAS# EC# ICSC# WT % GHS Hazard Statement SODIUM BISULFITE 7631-90-5 231-548-0 - 20-25 H302 POTASSIUM SULFITE 10117-38-1 233-321-1 - 20-25 NOT CLASSIFIED WATER TREATMENT EXPERTISE SINCE 1904 FORMULA 159 www.g-c.com Page 1 of 5 SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Exposed individuals must be taken for medical attention if any adverse effect occurs. -
Nitrogen Oxides (Nox), Why and How They Are Controlled
United States Office of Air Quality EPA 456/F-99-006R Environmental Protection Planning and Standards November 1999 Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Air EPA-456/F-99-006R November 1999 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Why and How They Are Controlled Prepared by Clean Air Technology Center (MD-12) Information Transfer and Program Integration Division Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Information Transfer and Program Integration Division of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents of this report reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products is not intended to constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Copies of this report are available form the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, telephone number (800) 553-6847. CORRECTION NOTICE This document, EPA-456/F-99-006a, corrects errors found in the original document, EPA-456/F-99-006. These corrections are: Page 8, fourth paragraph: “Destruction or Recovery Efficiency” has been changed to “Destruction or Removal Efficiency;” Page 10, Method 2. Reducing Residence Time: This section has been rewritten to correct for an ambiguity in the original text. Page 20, Table 4. Added Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) to the table and added acronyms for other technologies. Page 29, last paragraph: This paragraph has been rewritten to correct an error in stating the configuration of a typical cogeneration facility. -
Revision Date: March 2021 1 SODIUM BISULFITE This Dossier on Sodium
SODIUM BISULFITE This dossier on sodium bisulfite presents the most critical studies pertinent to the risk assessment of sodium bisulfite in water treatment systems. It does not represent an exhaustive or critical review of all available data. The information presented in this dossier was obtained mainly from the ECHA database that provides information on chemicals that have been registered under the EU REACH (ECHA). Where possible, study quality was evaluated using the Klimisch scoring system (Klimisch et al., 1997). Screening Assessment Conclusion – Sodium bisulfite is classified as a tier 1 chemical and requires a hazard assessment only. 1 BACKGROUND At environmental pHs, sodium bisulfite dissociates in water to form sodium (Na+) ions, bisulfite ions - 2- (HSO3 ), sulfite (SO3 ) ions and sulfur dioxide (SO2) which is a gas. Sodium bisulfite is not expected to bioaccumulate in the environment because of its dissociation to ionic species and a gas. Furthermore, sulfite will oxidise to sulfate, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Sodium bisulfite and its dissociated species are expected to have a low potential to adsorb to soil and sediment. No aquatic toxicity studies have been conducted on sodium bisulfite. Other inorganic sulfite compounds show low to moderate toxicity concern to aquatic organisms. 2 CHEMICAL NAME AND IDENTIFICATION Chemical Name (IUPAC): Sodium hydrogen sulfite CAS RN: 7631-90-5 Molecular formula: NaHSO3 Molecular weight: 104.1 g/mol Synonyms: Sodium bisulfite; sodium hydrogen sulfite; sodium hydrogensulfite; monosodium sulfite; sodium sulfhydrate; hydrogen sodium sulfite; sulfurous acid, monosodium salt 3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Key physical and chemical properties for the substance are shown in Table 1. -
Chemical Compatibility Storage Group
CHEMICAL SEGREGATION Chemicals are to be segregated into 11 different categories depending on the compatibility of that chemical with other chemicals The Storage Groups are as follows: Group A – Compatible Organic Acids Group B – Compatible Pyrophoric & Water Reactive Materials Group C – Compatible Inorganic Bases Group D – Compatible Organic Acids Group E – Compatible Oxidizers including Peroxides Group F– Compatible Inorganic Acids not including Oxidizers or Combustible Group G – Not Intrinsically Reactive or Flammable or Combustible Group J* – Poison Compressed Gases Group K* – Compatible Explosive or other highly Unstable Material Group L – Non-Reactive Flammable and Combustible, including solvents Group X* – Incompatible with ALL other storage groups The following is a list of chemicals and their compatibility storage codes. This is not a complete list of chemicals, but is provided to give examples of each storage group: Storage Group A 94‐75‐7 2,4‐D (2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 94‐82‐6 2,4‐DB 609-99-4 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid 64‐19‐7 Acetic acid (Flammable liquid @ 102°F avoid alcohols, Amines, ox agents see SDS) 631-61-8 Acetic acid, Ammonium salt (Ammonium acetate) 108-24-7 Acetic anhydride (Flammable liquid @102°F avoid alcohols see SDS) 79‐10‐7 Acrylic acid Peroxide Former 65‐85‐0 Benzoic acid 98‐07‐7 Benzotrichloride 98‐88‐4 Benzoyl chloride 107-92-6 Butyric Acid 115‐28‐6 Chlorendic acid 79‐11‐8 Chloroacetic acid 627‐11‐2 Chloroethyl chloroformate 77‐92‐9 Citric acid 5949-29-1 Citric acid monohydrate 57-00-1 Creatine 20624-25-3