Video Ready Mobile Networks

Peter Gaspar Consulting System Engineer

December 2011

• Optimized Video • Monetizing Video

> 5.6B devices 10-fold Speed Increase > 1.5B M2M Nodes 2,600% Increase in Enhanced Mobile Data More Rich Media Computing Traffic from & Content 2010–2015 *

Mobile Outgrows Fixed 3.3X Video grows to 66% of mobile data

* Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Forecast, 2010–2015 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4 92% CAGR 2010–2015 7,000 1.5% Mobile VoIP 4.7% 6,000 Mobile Gaming 6.1% Mobile M2M 21.0% 5,000 Mobile P2P Mobile Web/Data 4,000 Mobile Video Month / 3,000 66.4% 2,000 Petabytes

1,000

0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

* Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Forecast, 2010–2015 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5 Monetization New revenue streams Traffic

Profitability

Revenue

Optimization Efficient delivery

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 © 2010 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 Multiple Interworked Networks Converged Core

MPLS Frame-Relay

AT M

Ethernet MPLSTDM Internet RPR Metro DSL

• Often connection oriented • Mostly connectionless • End-to-end provisioning • IP/MPLS aware end-to-end • Scalability issues • Reduced provision replication • Capex intensive • Highly scalable • Less Opex efficient • More Capex and OPEX efficient

Portal, DRM

Core IP RAN

Content Provider n handsets (in m cells) m cells p SGSN 1 GGSN

Existing GPRS Model

n GTP tunnels n GTP tunnels 1 stream

With MBMS

m GTP tunnels p GTP tunnels 1 stream (m < n) (p < m < n) © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 E-MBMS • MBSFN is for delivering services like Mobile TV using LTE • Transmission happens from a time-synchronized set of eNBs using the same resource block • Over-the-air combining improve the Signal-to-Interference plus Noise-Ratio (SINR)

UE eNB eBM-SC E-MBMS Gateway MBMS MBMS packet packet SYNC SYNC

TNL TNL TNL RLC RLC MAC MAC

PHY PHY M1

SYNC: Protocol to synchronise data used to generate a certain radio frame

IP Mulicast distribution (SSM)

PDN Gateway M3 MME SGi E-UTRAN Uu Sm SGmb UE E-UTRAN MBMS BM-SC Content Provider M1 GW SGi-mb

Uu Iu Sn UTRAN SGSN UE

GTP-U Unicast distribution (for RNC not supporting Multicast)

IP Mulicast distribution (SSM) Multicast mode will result in an IGMP from the UE that will result in the eNB dynamically joining the multicast tree when necessary PDN Gateway M3 MME SGi E-UTRAN Uu Sm SGmb UE E-UTRAN MBMS BM-SC Content Provider Broadcast modeM1 is less dynamicGW as theSGi -themb eNB will be requested to join the multicast tree via centralised functions (MBMS Uu Iu GW/BMSn -SC) UTRAN SGSN UE

GTP-U Unicast distribution This functionality mandates the support of Multicast (more specifically(for Source RNC notSpecific supporting Multicast) Multicast) in the RAN backhaul

Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core Layer Layer Layer Layer

MME GW

SGW

SGW PDN GW

S1-u S11 X2 S1-c SGW to PGW MME GW

Pre-aggregation site Aggregation site Core site © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Alli.e. rights CO reserved. or Radio agg. i.e. RNC site i.e. MSC site Cisco Confidential 13 Extract from “3GPP TS 23.401 V8.3.0 (2008-09)”

Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation Core Layer Layer Layer Layer EPS bearer uniquely identifies traffic flows that receive a common QoS treatment between a UE and a PDN GW MME GW

An EPS bearer is the level of granularity for bearer level QoS control in the EPC/E-UTRAN

SGW

SGW One EPS bearer is established when the UE connects to a PDNPDN GW called a default bearer. S1-u S11 X2 S1-c SGW to PGW Any additional EPS bearer that is established to the same PDN is referred to as a dedicated bearer.MME GW

EPS bearer QoS profile includes the parameters: • GBR - bit rate that can be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer • MBR - limits the bit rate to be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer • ARP - whether a bearer establishment/mod. request can be accepted • QCI - A QCI is a scalar that controls bearer level packet forwarding. The current specifications have defined 9 QCI values (3GPP TS 23.203)

UL Service Data Flows DL Service Data Flows

Radio Bearer S1 Bearer S5/S8 Bearer

RB-ID ↔ S1-TEID DL-TFT → S5/S8- TEID (QCI ↔ DSCP) (QCI ↔ DSCP) UL-TFT → RB-ID S1-TEID ↔ S5/S8-TEID (QCI ↔ DSCP)

The LTE Standards doesn’t make allowances for contention in the EPS bearer QoS profileunderlying includes transport the parameters: infrastructure • GBR - bit rate that can be expected to be provided by a GBR bearer

• MBRThe - limits underlying the bit backhaul rate to be technology expected will to be be contented provided and by maya GBR be bearer • ARP - whether a bearerinvolve establishment/mod.adaptive techniques i.e. request AMR can be accepted • QCI - A QCI is a scalar that controls bearer level packet forwarding. The currentTraffic specifications Prioritisation andhave Dual defined priority/Low 9 QCI Latency values queues(3GPP shouldTS 23.203) be supported for 3GPP compliance UL Service Data Flows DL Service Data Flows

Hierarchical multi-layer QoS profiles to be supported for multiple bearers Radio Bearerwith GBR & MBRS1 Bearer parameters S5/S8 Bearer

RB-ID ↔ S1-TEID DL-TFT → S5/S8- TEID (QCI ↔ DSCP) (QCI ↔ DSCP) IssuesUL- TFTwith → RB mapping-ID of QCI Parameters (9S1- TEIDvalues) ↔ S5/S8-TEID in L2 environments with insufficient 802.1p(QCI bits ↔ DSCP)

eNB - MME SGW - PGW MME- SGW

UE- PGW eNB - SGW

eNB - MME SGW - PGW MME- SGW

SCTP has built-in recovery technique & requires path diversity for switchover ~700msec (In 3GPP R4 networks)

GTP has inherent Path management messages & timers i.e. Echo Request Interval/Echo Response Interval (15s+) UE- PGW eNB - SGW

Need mechanisms like VRRP/HSRP, BGP PIC, MPLS FRR, IGP Fast convergence, BFD which are used at IP layer for faster convergence i.e. 50- 300msec

• Service Recovery = Protection (super-fast) and Restoration (fast) • IP/MPLS fast convergence baseline has improved dramatically IGP Fast Convergence (FC) broke the barrier of <200msec restoration time Powerful and simple baseline tool for all L2 and L3 services, covering multiple failures Combined with BGP PIC* ensures fast convergence for IP/IPVPN service edge It is simple – a built-in property of the IP/MPLS network • Protection with IP Fast ReRoute (FRR) Tool to improve on IGP FC for some topologies (e.g. Two-plane designs) Provides local protection with <50msec recovery • Protection with MPLS TE FRR

Local Link and Node Protection for deterministic <50msec recovery * BGP PIC – BGP Seamless service restoration (make-before-break) Prefix Independent Convergence Applies to all transit MPLS link and node failures

BTS RNC BSC

NxT1/E1

IMA MSC

Node B SGSN

IP/MPLS L3VPN

GGSN

MSC

Ethernet NodeB Ethernet NodeB Access Aggregation Core Last-mile Higher capacities Small aggregation sites Redundancies Mostly Microwave transport Partially meshed interconnections Limited traffic volumes Different transport technologies No redundancies or ring Often includes wireline services © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20 IP/MPLS PBB-TE (802.1ah, MPLS-TP T-MPLS 802.1Qay) Multiservice Yes (including Ethernet L2 only L2 only L2 only L3VPN, ATM, TDM) Switching High High High High capacity Interoperability Yes Limited Limited No

Transport Any Ethernet Only Any Any Any-to-Any Yes No No No Multicast Yes No No No Core Interop Native L2 to L3 handover L2 to L3 handover No needed in Core needed in Core Service L3VPN,GGSN No No No distribution SAE/PDN

Maturity Mature Early adoption Early adoption No standard

PDN Cell Site Access Pre-Aggregation Aggregation MME SGW GW Backbone Layer Layer Layer Layer

Fibre GE Ring 10 GE Ring

Dot1q/QnQ/REP MPLS VPN Half Duplex (L3VPN) Core Application i.e. SGW, PWE3/MPLS-TP MME, eMBMS

Dot1q/QnQ/REP PWE3/MPLS-TP MPLS VPN (L3 VPN) X2 Traffic (inter-NodeB)

Optional

Dot1q/QnQ/REP E-Line (L2 VPN) Management traffic for initial PWE3/MPLS-TP setup and configuration

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23 • Video will make significant share of mobile traffic • Video can be optimize without loosing the information value • Optimization for better user experience Video adapted to the network quality Right size for the screen Less packet-loss through localization of content Service independence of access • Optimization for CAPEX/OPEX reduction Up to 45% less traffic Up to 30% less RAN costs Reduced churn rate

Tran s Potential reduction of up to 15% in video traffic Rating Pacing 30% Data and Video 25%45% Potential reduction of 30-50% in non-compressed text pages HTTP Tsunami

Downlink data reduction potentially up to 25% TCP App App OS OS

ASR5k Data Center

Mobile Backhaul IP Core

UE MWR2941 (e)NB 7600 ASR9k CRS-1 ASR9k Internet

• Superior user experience • Superior mobile bandwidth utilization • Solutions for both data and video • In-line capabilities reduce Opex and additional 30-40% over external solutions

Distributed

Distributed Central IP RAN ASR 5K Mobile Video Gateway Local Central Cache OTT (MVG) Internet Library Walled Cache Cisco ASR 5000: UCS Garden • Control point for Content video optimization Cisco Content Adaptation VOD • Policy assignment Delivery System Engine Broadcast (CAE) CDN: • Catalog distribution Cisco UCS: • Better mobile video experience for • Content pre- • Transcoding end users positioning offline • Transrating • Less cost and more revenues for • Catalog operators management

RADIUS

RAN Video and Net Adapt Distributed Central MWR ASR 9000 Policy Enforcement Local Mobile Video Gateway 1 Cache Central (MVG) OTT CDS Internet Manager Internet Offload Walled Library Service Content Garden Router Cache Distributed Adaptation Content Engine VoD Delivery (CAE) Local Network Broadcast RAN Cache (CDS) Video and Net Adapt Cisco Unified MWR ASR 9000 Policy Enforcement Computing System™ Cisco CDS Transcoding Offline Mobile Video Gateway 2 Catalog distribution transrating Catalog (MVG) Content pre- management positioning Cisco® ASR 5000 Video edge functions Policy assignment © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27 Diameter Distributed AAA and PCRF

RADIUS

RAN Video and Net Adapt MWR ASR 9000 • Video pacing: Reduce unwatched Policy Enforcement video downloads

Mobile Video Gateway 1 • TCP optimization: Dynamically (MVG) adjust TCP parameters to reduce traffic and better user experience Internet Offload • Video traffic steering (DPI): Steer only video traffic into video Distributed solution to reduce load • Online transrating: Reduce video bandwidth in real time by removing frames RAN Video and Net Adapt MWR ASR 9000 Policy Enforcement • Profile management (policy): Select optimal video content Mobile Video Gateway 2 based on device, user policy, and (MVG) network

Cisco® ASR 5000 • HTTP proxy: Manage redirection Video edge functions to optimal video content Policy assignment © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28 • Bulk transcoding: Transforms video codec to optimize for device RAN MWR ASR 9000 • Bulk transrating: Reduces video bandwidth in background by decoding and reencoding Central OTT • Transwrapping: Transforms video Internet Internet file type to optimize for device Offload Walled Garden • Catalog management: Delivers Content optimal versions of video based Adaptation VoD on device, user policy, and Engine network (CAE) Broadcast RAN • Video streaming preparation: Cisco Unified MWR ASR 9000 Segments content for adaptive bit Computing System™ rate streaming Transcoding Offline transrating Catalog management

Instrumented• Central caching: Stores transcoded content to prevent RAN Distributed Central retranscoding MWR ASR 9000 • Distributed caching: Moves Local transcoded content closer to Cache user CDS • Catalog distribution: Delivers Manager optimalInternet versions of video basedOffload on device, user policy, Service Library and network Router Cache • Content pre-positioning: Content Moves transcoded content to Delivery optimal location Instrumented Local Network • VideoRAN streaming: Supports Cache (CDS) MWR adaptiveASR 9000bit rate streaming Cisco CDS Catalog distribution Content pre-positioning

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34 Mobile Videoscape Potential Enable Cost New Savings Services Up To e.g., $800M $250M Premium HD

• Reduces RAN costs up to 30% • Up to $1B ROI over 5 Years Optimized mobile video experience • Based on 17M subscriber network

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36 Control Gain New Revenues with Bandwidth on Demand

What’s the Opportunity?

• Upgrade QoS on-demand when accessing specific applications

How Will This Impact My Business?

• New revenues from users upgrading QoS on demand Upgrade quality for $1.99? • Higher uptake of upgrades when “in service”

• Expose chargeable API for OTT apps

Why Cisco? • Integrated Charging, Application Detection & Control,

Traffic Optimization, and Policy Enforcement lowers Quality upgraded OpEx and accelerates Time-to-Market

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37 Collaborate New Customers and Revenues from Internet Video What’s the Opportunity? Video Content Provider . Offer high quality streaming internet video e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Sky, etc. content to gain new subscribers and revenues . Bundle with top data tier plan and forge Cisco content partnerships ASR 5000 with Mobile How Will This Impact My Business? Videoscape . New video services revenues . Upsell higher priced Speed Tiers . Expose chargeable API for OTT Why Cisco? . Integrated Charging, Application Detection and Control, Traffic Optimization, and Policy Enforcement lowers OpEx and accelerates Time-to-Market . Cisco Mobile Videoscape solution

Transactional Pre-paid • Deep packet inspection Rating Mediation Post-paid Layer 4 RADIUS, DIAMETER RADIUS, Layer 7 • Charging per application Volume Time Chargeable traffic Event Category 1 (e.g. URL1 traffic) • Policy enforcement per application Category 2 (e.g. e-mail traffic) Throughput limitation QoS enforcement Non-chargeable traffic Redirect Content Blocking Data Session Traffic • Inline services

• Application function • May request special policies for particular streams dynamicaly

• Central decision point for user policies • Collects information from AAA, SPR, Applications or PCEF • Reacts to external events • Can Push policies to PCEF • Connects to IN system for balance of pre-paid services • Translates monetary information to traffic volumes, time or events

• Policy and Charging Enforcement point • Applies policies activated by PCRF • Predefined policies or dynamic policies • Traffic metering for • Online charging • Offline charging • Receives the CDRs for post-paid • Fair use services • May include service level information • Deep packet inspection for application recognition © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40 © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41 • Video as a challenge Network load increases (LTE allows for higher capacities) Multicast services SLAs (Packet loss, failover times etc.) • Video as an opportunity Any-screen services Monetization models (Turbo Button, High Quality Video etc.) • Network must have specific capabilities to address the Video traffic efficiently (Multicast, QoS, Optimization, Policy Control etc.)