CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

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CHAPTER 4. DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

4-1 4-1 Design Standards Formatted: : Arial, Bold Formatted: Justified, Outline numbered + F.A.A. Advisory Circular 150/5300-13 entitled, Airport Design, sets forth Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab recommended runway and taxiway design standards for all Airport Reference after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan Codes (ARC). The F.A.A. classifies aircraft by Airport Reference Code (ARC) control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and standards. ), which is based on two separate aircraft characteristics, namely: numbers

Formatted: Font: Arial • Aircraft Approach Category – Based on the approach speed of the aircraft on landing, and

• Airplane Design Group (ADG) – Based on aircraft wingspan and tail height.

F.A.A. has established runway design standards for airports designed to accommodate aircraft in a given ARC. A listing of the Aircraft Approach Category and Airplane Design Group for each Airport Reference Code (ARC) is presented below:

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Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-35 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

MMH is currently approved as an ARC B III airport. The airline aircraft and many of the business jet aircraft currently using MMH are rated as ARC C III. It is proposed to change the Airport Reference Code (ARC) for MMH from B III to C III to facilitate the use of the airport by these existing C III aircraft and potential future C III class aircraft.

The design standards for the current and future airport facilities at Mammoth Formatted: Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging , Addjust space between Yosemite Airport MMH are set forth in Table No. 4-1.2. Included in this table are Latin and Asian text, Addjust space between the existing and proposed future parameters for Runway 9-27. Allso included are Asian text and numbers the minimumrecommended F.A.A. standards. Mammoth Yosemite Airport is currently an for both ARC B III and is proposing changing to an ARC C III so the standards set forth are for C III. The existing Runway 9-27 meets or exceeds F.A.A. standards for all items except the following:runways. Formatted: Font: Arial, Double Formatted: Font: Arial, Bold, Font color: Green Runway Shoulder Width Formatted: Widow/Orphan control, Adjust Taxiway Object Free Area Width space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Taxiway Centerline to Fixed or Movable Object Runway Centerline to Taxiway Centerline Runway Centerline to Fixed or Movable Object

4-2 TABLE NO. Alternate Airport Study

Whenever a major development for an airport is considered, and there are significant constraints at the existing airport, it is important to evaluate the benefits and costs of expanding the existing airport, reconfiguring the existing airport, or constructing a totally new airport at an alternate site. This evaluation has been prepared and the results are presented in Appendix C. A development study has been conducted for expanding the existing airport, reconfiguring the existing airport, and for developing a totally new airport. A total of six alternative layouts were evaluated. The results of this study show that from an economical, environmental, and land use standpoint it is not feasible to consider reconfiguring the existing airport or developing an entirely new site. As a result, the demand capacity analysis and facility requirements and remaining portions of this report have been prepared for the development of the MMH to meet forecast requirements.

4-1 – AIRPORT DESIGN STANDARDS – MAMMOTH YOSEMITE AIRPORT

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Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 4-1

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CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

4-23 Airfield Capacity Formatted: Font: Arial, Bold Formatted: Justified, Widow/Orphan control, F.A.A. Advisory Circular 150/5060-5, Airport Capacity and Delay, contains Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers guidelines for determining airfield capacity and delays. The annual service Formatted: Widow/Orphan control, Allow volume (ASV) is a reasonable estimate of the maximum annual capacity of hanging punctuation, Adjust space between airfield facilities. The existing Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH with a single Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between runway has an ASV of approximately 230,000 annual operations. In 2010 the Asian text and numbers total annual operations were 7,916.500. By 2020 projected total annual operations is 12,38710,820 and by 2030 projected total annual operations is 16,08513,590, which ranges from 3.2.4 to 76.0 percent of the ASV. F.A.A. recommends that when the annual demand ASV ratio approaches 60 percent, planning should be underway for increasing the capacity of the facility. By the time it reaches 80 percent the work should be accomplished to increase the capacity and thus decrease delays. The annual operations at the airport in 3020 years are expected to be only 7.05.9 percent of ASV. The single runway will provide adequate capacity for the foreseeable future at this airport with minimal delays. Formatted: Font: Arial

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TABLE NO. 4-2 – AIRPORT DESIGN STANDARDS – MMH

RUNWAY 9-27 Existing Future (5-10 Years) FAA STANDARDS RUNWAY DATA TABLE Runway 9 - Runway 27 Runway 9 - Runway 27 Approach Category and Design Group B-III C-III B-III C-III Approach Visibility Minimums Visual - 1 1/4 Mile Visual - 1 1/4 Mile > 3/4 Mile > 3/4 Mile FAR Part 77 Category Runway V - NP V - NP Design Aircraft Q400 B737, A319 Wingspan of Critical Design Aircraft (Ft.) 93.25 94.75 Approach Speed of Critical Design Aircraft 125 128 Maximum Certified Takeoff Weight of Critical Design Aircraft (Lbs.) 64,500 138,500 Percentage Wind Coverage 10.5 Knot Crosswind 94.3 94.3 13 Knot Crosswind 95.3 95.3 16 Knot Crosswind 98.2 98.2 20 Knot Crosswind 99.4 99.4 Runway Length (Ft.) 7000 8200 Runway Width (Ft.) 100 100 100 100 Runway Lighting MIRL MIRL Effective Gradient (Percent) 1.05 0.96 Maximum Gradient (Percent) 1.45 1.45 1.5 Runway Marking NP - NP NP - NP Runway Pavement Surface Asphalt Asphalt Pavement Design Strength (Kips Gross Aircraft) 80 S, 115 D 80 S, 115 D Elevation Runway End (NAVD 88) (Ft.) 7135 - 7061 7146.5 - 7061 Elevation Runway Touchdown Zone (NAVD 88) (Ft.) 7135 - 7097.5 7146.5 - 7097.5 Elevation Runway High (NAVD 88) (Ft.) 7134.7 7146.5 Elevation Runway Low Point (NAVD 88) (Ft.) 7061.4 7061.4 Line of Site Distance Full Runway Length Half Runway Length Half Runway Length Half Runway Length Runway Safety Area - Distance Beyond Runway End (Ft.) 1000 1000 600 1000 Runway Safety Area Distance Prior to Runway End (Ft.) 1000 1000 600 1000 Runway Safety Area - Width (Ft.) 500 500 300 500 Runway Object Free Area - Distance Beyond Runway End (Ft.) 1000 1000 600 1000 Runway Object Free Area - Width (Ft.) 500 730 800 800 Runway Obstacle Free Zone - Distance Beyond Runway End (Ft.) 200 200 200 200 Runway Obstacle Free Zone - Width (Ft.) 400 400 400 400 Hold Bar Distance to Runway Centerline (Ft.) 220 250 220 250 Runway Shoulder Width (Ft.) 12 20 20 20 Runway Blast Pad Width (Ft.) 144 144 140 140 Runway Blast Pad Length (Ft.) 200 200 200 200 Runway Centerline to Taxiway Centerline (Ft.) 300 300 300 400 Runway Centerline to Aircraft Parking (Ft.) 400 400 400 500 Taxiway Width (Ft.) 50 60 50 50 Taxiway Shoulder Width (Ft.) 0 20 20 20 Taxiway Edge Safety (Ft.) 8 10 10 10 Taxiway Lighting NO NO Taxiway Surface Type Asphalt Asphalt Taxiway Safety Area Width (Ft.) 118 118 118 118 Taxiway Object Free Area Width (Ft.) 181 181 186 186 Taxiway Centerline to Fixed or Movable Object (Ft.) 90.5 90.5 93 93 Taxiway Wingtip Clearance (Ft.) 34 34 34 34

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Formatted: Font: Arial The maximum hourly capacity at the Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH is 98 VFR Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", Widow/Orphan operations or 59 IFR operations. The estimated peak hourly VFR operations at control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH were 3.98 in 2010 and increase to 6.8.0 in numbers 2030, which is well within the hourly capacity of the airport. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Wind data indicate that Runway 9-27 has a wind coverage of 94.3 percent at Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and 10.5 knots, 95.3 percent at 13 knots, 98.2 percent at 16 knots, and 99.4 percent numbers at 20 knots crosswind. F.A.A. recommends runway orientation and number of Formatted: Font: Arial runways to be constructed at an airport to provide 95 percent wind coverage. The single runway at Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH meets this requirement. Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH experiences a few short periods where very strong southerly winds that are 90 degrees from the runway orientation occur. These winds reach velocities of 110 to 120 miles per hour. With winds of this velocity it is not practical to land or take off aircraft even if the wind were straight down the runway. It is, therefore, concluded that the single Runway 9-27 will provide adequate operational capacity and that there is no need for a crosswind runway. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian 4-4 4-3 Airline Terminal text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers When airline service began in 2008, it was necessary to develop a new airline Formatted: Font: Bold terminal. Environmental constraints required that this interim terminal be located Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline within the walls of existing buildings and that no construction could occur outside numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned these limits. The largest building available was the equipment storage, ARFF, at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", and maintenance facility, which had an area of 5,000 square feet. This building Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between was modified to provide for the requirements of the airlines, TSA, rental car Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers agencies, and passengers. This building, with only one gate and a holding room Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: that can accommodate only one flight, is already too small for its purpose. It was single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space necessary in the fall of 2011 to erect a temporary 2,000 square foot Sprung between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space structure adjacent to the terminal building to be used as an additional passenger between Asian text and numbers holding area. It is urgent that a new terminal facility be constructed that will Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt satisfy and accommodate the rapid growth that is occurring at this airport.

A Terminal Area Study has been completed for this airport. This study shows that requirements of the airport for existing traffic and traffic forecast in the short term (0 to 10 years) will require a new terminal having approximately 40,000 square feet consisting of airline ticketing, airline baggage facilities, TSA facilities, holding rooms, food courts, and other amenities. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian The current plan provides for three gate positions and has the capability of text, Adjust space between Asian text and expanding to a total of six. A new aircraft parking apron will be required, which numbers will have three parking positions that can accommodate a variety of aircraft Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt including the Q400, CRJ700, B737, A319, and other aircraft of that class with capability of expansion to six parking positions.

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MMH is located in the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 7,135 feet and Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt experiences significant snow fall and frost in the winter months. Deicing facilities are required for aircraft operating at this airport. A separate deicing apron is included in the Airport Layout Plan to capture and treat deicing liquids used to deice the aircraft. These deicing facilities will meet all proposed F.A.A. requirements. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space New automobile parking facilities will be required, which initially will be located on between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space each side of the building because of property ownership constraints at this time. between Asian text and numbers Provision is made to expand the parking lot on the north side of the access road Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt as needed and with the appropriate use permit from the USFS.

Access to the airport is by a single dead-end road (Airport Road) from Hot Creek Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging Hatchery Road. To satisfy safety and operational needs, future expansion calls punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and for the extension of this road to the east to tie into Benton Crossing Road, which Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and will provide access to the airport from two separate locations. numbers Formatted: Font color: Red Airport Administration will be included in the terminal on a second floor. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and 4-5 Runway Length numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Indent: Left: F.A.A. Advisory Circular 150/5325-4B, Runway Length Requirements for Airport 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space Design, provides generalized plans for runway length requirements. For between Asian text and numbers Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH, with an airport elevation of 7,135 feet, a Formatted: Font: Arial runway gradient of 1.45 percent, and an average temperature in the hottest Formatted: Justified, Line spacing: single, month of 82º F with zero wind, the runway length requirements for various aircraft Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between types and loadings are shown in Table No. 4-23. Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Font: Arial, Bold Formatted: Font: Arial Formatted: Justified, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and 4-2 Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Font: Italic Formatted: Font: Not Italic Formatted: Font: Arial

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Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-41 Deleted Cells ... [32] Formatted Table ... [33] CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS Deleted Cells ... [34] Deleted Cells ... [36] TABLE NO. CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY Formatted ... [35] REQUIREMENTS4-3 – RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS Deleted Cells ... [37] Formatted ... [47] Formatted ... [48]

Deleted Cells ... [50] TABLE NO. 4-2 – RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS

Deleted Cells ... [51]

Required Formatted Table ... [38] R/W Type Percent Useful Split Cells ... [39] Length – Aircraft of Fleet Load % Split Cells ... [42] ft. at 82º Split Cells F. ... [44] Formatted R/W ... [45] Formatted ... [40] Length –

Aircraft Fleet % Formatted ... [41]

ft. at 82º F. Large – 75 60 7,660 Formatted ... [43] 60,000 Formatted ... [46] pounds Formatted ... [49] or less Deleted Cells ... [52]

60,000 75 90 8,860* Deleted Cells ... [62]

pounds or 100 60 11,260* Formatted Table ... [53] less Merged Cells ... [54] 100 90 11,260* Formatted ... [55] *Climb limitation Formatted ... [57] *Climb limitation Formatted ... [58]

Formatted ... [59] For example, for a 737-900 with a load of 135,000 pounds, a temperature of 82º Formatted F. and a runway gradient of 1.45, F.A.A. shows a runway length requirement of ... [60] Deleted Cells 7,860 feet and, with a load of 145,000 pounds a runway length requirement of ... [61] 9,260 feet, and with a load of 155,000 pounds a runway length requirement of Formatted ... [56] 10,900 feet. Merged Cells ... [63] Formatted ... [64] The current runway at Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH is 7,000 feet long. The Formatted ... [65] Q400 being operated by Alaska/Horizon Airlines has had to off-load passengers Formatted ... [66] on hot days in the summer months because of the short runway and hot Formatted ... [67] temperature. With the increase in airline activity using larger aircraft in the future, Formatted ... [68] it is critical that the runway be extended. It is shown on the Airport Layout Plan Formatted ... [69] that a 1,200-foot extension is proposed in the early stages for a total length of Formatted 8,200 feet. Provision should be made, and land is currently available from the ... [70] U.S. Forest Service, to extend the runway up to 9,000 feet or more in the future if Formatted ... [71] necessary. Formatted ... [72] Formatted ... [73] The airport currently owns enough land at the west end of the runway to extend Deleted Cells ... [74] the runway by 1,200 feet to increase the runway length to 8,200 feet. This Split Cells ... [75] extension would meet all F.A.A. design standards. In addition, it is proposed to Formatted ... [76] designate a 1,000-foot long clearway at each end of the runway and utilize Formatted ... [77] “Declared Distances” for each end of the runway, which will increase the “Take Formatted ... [78] Split Cells ... [79] Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 Formatted ... [80] 3-42 Formatted ... [81] Split Cells ... [82] Formatted ... [83] Merged Cells ... [84] Formatted ... [85] Formatted ... [86] Formatted Table ... [87] Deleted Cells ... [88] Formatted ... [94] Deleted Cells [95] CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

Off Distance Available” (TODA) by 1,000 feet and increase the effective runway length for takeoff to 9,200 feet.

In addition, should the airport choose to acquire USFS land between the west end Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging of the airport property and Hot Creek Hatchery Road the runway can be extended punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and to a total length of 9,000 feet. Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers With 4-4 the current airline and large general aviation turbine aircraft Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between operations, there is a demonstrated need for a longer runway at MMH. It is Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between recommended that the runway be extended 1,200 feet, for a total length of 8,200 Asian text and numbers feet, as soon as funding can be made available and that the capability be Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt maintained to develop a 9,000-foot long runway.

The existing runway is 100 feet wide, which meets F.A.A. standards for ARC C III airports. The paved shoulders on the runway are 12 feet wide. These shoulders should be widened to 20 feet to meet F.A.A. ARC C III standards.

4-6 Pavement Strength Formatted: Justified, Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab Pavement evaluation studies and pavement design calculations indicate that the after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan current pavements on the runway and taxiways have a load-bearing capacity of control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and 80,000 pound single gear and 115,000 pound dual gear, which is adequate for numbers the airline aircraft proposed to use the airport in the near future.. If larger aircraft Formatted: Font: Arial, Bold are introduced into the fleet, the runway strengths can be increased by the use of Formatted: Font: Arial asphalt overlays or by removing the existing asphalt and strengthening the Formatted: Justified, Widow/Orphan control, section. The future 10 to 20 year plan allows for increasing the strength of these Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, pavements up to 250,000-pound dual gear if and when required. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: The existing aprons are not designed for the heavier loads. New construction for Left: 0", Right: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space the airline terminal apron will provide design for dual wheel loads up to 250,000 between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space pounds to accommodate any future growth. The additional cost in new between Asian text and numbers construction to increase the strength from 115,000 to 250,000 pounds on dual Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between gear aircraft involves the addition of inexpensive aggregate subbase at the Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between bottom of the section; whereas, upgrading an existing apron for a terminal Asian text and numbers requires expensive complete reconstruction. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Right: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 Asian text and numbers 4-3

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CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

4-7 4-5 Taxiway System Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline The existing taxiways serving Runway 9-27 are 50 feet wide and are designed numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned with asphalt pavement surfacing. The parallel taxiway runs full length of the at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", runway and is located 300-foot centerline-to-centerline distance from the runway. Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between There are five cross taxiways. A holding apron exists at each end of the runway. Asian text and numbers The pavements on these taxiways were reconstructed in 2008 using a polymer- Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: modified asphalt for the bituminous surface course and are in very good single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space condition. These pavements have a strength of 115,000 pounds dual gear. and between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers 80,000 pounds single gear. There are no paved shoulders on the existing taxiway. Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt The F.A.A. standard for an ARC C III airport for runway centerline to taxiway Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 12 pt, Condensed by 0.3 pt centerline is 400 feet; whereas, the existing facility is 300 feet. To increase the Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: spacing of the runway to taxiway, it willwould be necessary to move all of the Left: 0" aircraft storage hangars and reconstruct a significant section of general aviation aircraft tie down apron. It is not considered practical at this time to move this taxiway, particularly since it does meetmeets F.A.A. requirements for aircraft- specific runway centerline to taxiway centerline spacing for the type aircraft anticipated to operate at this airport. The new terminal facilities will be located far enough north of the runway to allow for future relocation of the parallel taxiway to meet these F.A.A. criteria if necessary. 4-6 The existing taxiways at MMH are 50 feet wide, which meets F.A.A. standards for width. The Q400 aircraft used by Alaska Air has a landing gear with outside to outside measurement of 34 feet, which provides a taxiway edge safety margin of only 8 feet. A 10-foot safety margin is the F.A.A. standard. Future aircraft proposed by the airlines are the Boeing 737 and Airbus 319. F.A.A. standard widths for taxiways are 50 feet, 60 feet, and 75 feet. It is not practical from a construction standpoint to widen the taxiway on each side by less than 5 feet. It is, therefore, recommended that all taxiways at MMH be widened to a 60-foot width with twenty foot wide paved shoulders as soon as funding can be made available.

4-8 Airfield Safety Areas Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Airfield safety area requirements are set forth in F.A.A. Advisory Circular Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between 150/5300-13 and FAR Part 77. The Airport Design Manual defines the Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between requirements for runway protection zones (RPZ), runway safety areas (RSA), Asian text and numbers and object free areas (OFA). Part 77 defines the surfaces surrounding the Formatted: Body Text Indent, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space airport above which objects penetrating those surfaces will affect navigable between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space airspace. These surfaces include primary surface, approach surface, transitional between Asian text and numbers surface, horizontal surface, and conical surface. The Mammoth Yosemite Airport Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: meets all these requirements except for the following:MMH currently has several Left: 0", Space Before: 6 pt features that deviate from F.A.A. Standards for both ARC B III and ARC C III. These modifications to standards and proposed actions are presented in detail in Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-44 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

Chapter 10, Recommendations. MMH runway and taxiways meet all safety area requirements. Formatted: Font color: Red, Double • The highway right-of-way fence for U.S. Highway 395 and some of the soil strikethrough in the immediate vicinity of the fence penetrate the object free area for the runway. • The east corporate hangars are within the taxiway object free area. • The hangars and aircraft parking are at the edge of the runway object free area. • Doe Ridge penetrates the transitional surface and the horizontal surface of FAR Part 77. • The mountains to the south, west, and northwest penetrate the FAR Part 77 horizontal and conical surfaces. • One power pole and one telephone pole along the north right of way fence line of the U.S. Highway 395 corridor penetrate the runway conical

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 4-4

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CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

Formatted: Font: Bold surface. These poles have been equipped with solar-powered obstruction Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, lights and a F.A.A. 7460-1 form, Notice of Proposed Construction or 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned Alteration, has been filed with F.A.A. and approved. at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between • There is one floodlight and one power pole to the east of the airport at Asian text and numbers Benton Crossing Road that penetrate the Part 77 approach surface by 2 to Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Space Before: 6 pt, Widow/Orphan 4 feet. Solar-powered obstruction lights are mounted on the top of these control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust poles. space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers 4-7 Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian 4-9 Navigational Aids text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline There are no navigational aids at the Mammoth Yosemite Airport.MMH. Eastern numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, Sierra Regional Airport in Bishop, which is located 4732 miles to the southeast, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned has a VOR but terrain blocks the signal when aircraft descend into the airport. at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH has published GPS approaches to Runway 27 Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between plus circling to land on Runway 9. As an aid to pilots the airport has an AWOS III Asian text and numbers P, which operates continuously. Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: 4-10 4-8 Air Traffic Control Tower Left: 0", Space Before: 6 pt, Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH does not have an Air Traffic Control Tower at Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: this time. WithShould the increaseneed arise in airline traffic, the Airport could single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space become eligible for an Air Traffic Control Tower, which would be useful for between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space controlling traffic at the airport. Provisionfuture, provision has been made on the between Asian text and numbers Airport Layout Plan for the siting of a new Air Traffic Control Tower. Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned 4-11 4-9 General Aviation Requirements at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Currently there are only 8 aircraft based at the airport and the growth in based Asian text and numbers aircraft is projected to be small. There are 131134 hangars at the airport, most of Formatted: Font: Bold which are privately owned and are used by pilots throughout the Central and Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Western United States to store their aircraft while visiting Mammoth Lakes for Left: 0", Space Before: 6 pt, Widow/Orphan skiing or other recreational activities. These hangars are included in a pool that control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust is operated by the fixed base operator to provide hangar space as available for space between Asian text and numbers other aircraft that visit the airport. There is no demand for additional hangars. Formatted: Font color: Red

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Indent: The existing general aviation tie down apron has a capacity for 70 tie down Hanging: 0.5", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust spaces, which will accommodate small aircraft. On holidays and many space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers weekends throughout the year there are more than 70 aircraft that visit the airport Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: and require tie down space. These aircraft range from small single-engine Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging airplanes to the large business jets of the G V category. The Airport has need for punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and additional general aviation apron to accommodate the aircraft that visit the airport Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers on weekends and holidays. It is estimated that an additional 200300,000 square Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab feet of apron will be required in the near future. stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-46 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space 4-10 The southern row of tie down spaces on the general aviation apron is between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space within the F.A.A. standard distance of 500 feet from the runway centerline and it between Asian text and numbers may be necessary to abandon this row of tie downs upon completion of additional general aviation ramp space. This requirement could require earlier construction of a larger new general aviation apron.

4-12 Fixed Base Operators (FBO) and Administrative Facilities Formatted: Font: Bold

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline There is only one FBO at Mammoth Yosemite AirportMMH at this time. Provision numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned is made in the Airport Layout Plan to provide space for at least one additional at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", FBO. Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 Left: 0", Space Before: 6 pt, Widow/Orphan 4-5 control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-47 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and The Airport Administration is currently housed in a small building immediately numbers west of the temporaryinterim airline terminal facility. Additional facilities are Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: needed for Airport Administration. These are planned to be included in the new single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space terminal development. between Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline 4-13 4-11 Helicopter Facilities numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Helicopter operations are few and intermittent at Mammoth Yosemite Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Airport.MMH. There is no need for special helicopter landing or parking facilities. Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers 4-14 4-12 Fueling Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space One hundred low-lead aviation fuel and Jet-A fuel are available at the airport. between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space The storage facilities are located in the west hangar area and fueling is between Asian text and numbers performed by truck. This fueling operation is adequate at this time and will be Formatted: Body Text Indent, Indent: Left: increased as needed. 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers 4-15 4-13 Airline Terminal Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian When airline service began in 2008, it was necessary to develop a new airline terminal. Environmental text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers constraints required that this temporary terminal be located within the walls of Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline existing buildings and that no construction could occur outside these limits. The numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, largest building available was the equipment storage and maintenance facility, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", which had an area of 5,000 square feet. This building was modified to provide Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between for the requirements of the airlines, TSA, rental car agencies, and the Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between passengers. This building is already too small for its purpose, and in the fall of Asian text and numbers 2011 a temporary sprung structure will be constructed adjacent to the building to Formatted: Font: Bold accommodate the passengers who are using the airport. It is urgent that a new Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space terminal facility be constructed that will satisfy the needs and accommodate the between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space rapid growth that is occurring at this airport. between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: A Terminal Area Study is underway for this airport. Most of the technical work Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space and forecasts have been completed and a final report will be prepared shortly. between Asian text and numbers This study shows that initial requirements of the airport for existing traffic and Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: traffic forecast in the short term (0 to 10 years) will require a new terminal having single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space approximately 40,070 square feet consisting of airline ticketing, airline baggage between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers facilities, TSA facilities, holding rooms, food courts, and other amenities. Formatted ... [103] The current plan provides for three gate positions and has the capability of expanding to a total of six. A Formatted: Font: Bold new aircraft parking apron will be required, which will have three parking Formatted ... [104] positions for aircraft of the B 737, A 319, Q400, and RJ 700 class with capability Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 10 pt of expansion to six parking positions. Mammoth Yosemite Airport is located in the Formatted ... [105] Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 7,135 feet and experiences significant snow fall and frost in the winter Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 10 pt months. Deicing facilities are required for aircraft operating at this airport. A separate deicing Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 10 pt apron is included in the Airport Layout Plan. Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-48 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 4-6

Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-49 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: New automobile parking facilities will be required, which single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space 10. will be initially located on each side between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space of the building because of property ownership constraints at this time. Provision between Asian text and numbers is made to expand the parking lot on the north side of the access road as Formatted: Font: Times New Roman, 10 pt needed. Formatted: Justified, Indent: Left: 0", Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned Access to the airport is by a single road (Airport Road) from Hot Creek Hatchery at: 0.25" + Tab after: 0.75" + Indent at: Road. To satisfy safety and operational needs, future expansion calls for the 0.75", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging extension of this road to the east to tie into Benton Crossing Road, which will punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and provide access to the airport from two separate locations. numbers, Tab stops: 0.5", List tab + Not at 0.75" Airport Administration will be included in the terminal on a second floor. Formatted: Font: Arial Formatted: Underline 4-16 4-14 Airport Maintenance Formatted: Font color: Red Formatted: Body Text Indent, Widow/Orphan Airport maintenance is currently provided by the Town of Mammoth Lakes control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian through the Airport Department. Currently, maintenance equipment is stored in text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers one of thea hangar leased from Hot Creek-owned hangars. Aviation. A new Formatted: Body Text Indent, Indent: Left: maintenance / ARFF building will be required with the development of this facility. 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space 4-17 4-15 Utilities between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Font: Arial Existing utilities at the airport are adequate and can be expanded to Formatted: Justified, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between accommodate the development of this airport, except the sewage disposal Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between system. Currently septic tanks and leaching fields are used for sewage disposal. Asian text and numbers The soils at this site are very pervious and leaching fields are effective. As Formatted ... [107] development progresses it is proposed that a new package sewage treatment Formatted: Font: Bold plant will be required at the airport and the effluent from that plant will still be Formatted ... [108] disposed of by leaching fields. Formatted ... [109] Formatted 4-18 4-16 Security ... [110] Formatted ... [111] Current fencing at the airport consists of a six-foot chain link fence with automatic Formatted: Font: Bold gates in the terminal area and barbed wire fencing around the rest of the airport. Formatted ... [112] It is proposed in the near future to completely fence the airport property with an Formatted ... [113] 8-foot chain link fence to provide security and prevent wildlife from entering the Formatted ... [114] airport. Formatted ... [115] Formatted: Font: Bold When the new terminal is constructed, security will be enhanced by alarming all Formatted ... [116] doors that open onto the Air Operations Area and installing cameras at critical Formatted locations within the building, along the edge of the apron, at gates, and in other ... [117] strategic locations. Formatted ... [118] Formatted ... [119] Formatted ... [120]

Formatted ... [106]

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-50 CHAPTER 3 – AVIATION FORECASTS

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan July 2011 4-7

Formatted: Justified, Don't hyphenate, Tab stops: 3.25", Centered

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 3-51 CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

4-19 4-17 Formatted: Body Text Indent, Outline numbered + Level: 2 + Numbering Style: 1, 2, 3, … + Start at: 4 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0" + Tab after: 0.5" + Indent at: 0.5", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 4-1 CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

Land Acquisition Formatted: Font: Bold Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: The Airport owns in fee title much of the land on which the airport is currently single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space located. There is a section on the east end of the airport where the land is between Asian text and numbers owned by Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP).LADWP. The Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Airport has a 50-year lease from LADWP for this land. Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and The rest of the land surrounding the airport is owned by the U.S. Forest numbers Service.USFS. The Airport will require future acquisition of portions of this land Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, in the immediate vicinity of the terminal to provide room for additional automobile Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between parking and, future apron construction, and future runway extension. Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: At the west end of the runway the Airport owns sufficient land to extend the Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space runway to 8,200 feet. Land between the existing airport property and Hot Creek between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Hatchery Road should be acquired from the U.S.F.S. if possible to reserve the Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, capability of for possible further extension to 9,000 feet of the runway to the west Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between if needed. Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers Formatted: Body Text Indent, Left, Indent: Left: 0", Widow/Orphan control, Allow hanging punctuation, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Body Text Indent, Line spacing: single, Widow/Orphan control, Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 4-2 CHAPTER 4 – DEMAND CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND FACILITY REQUIREMENTS

Mammoth Yosemite

Mammoth Yosemite Airport Layout Plan May 2012 4-3