Fisheries for the Tenth Five Year Plan
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TFYP WORKING GROUP Sr. No. 16/2001 REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON FISHERIES FOR THE TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PLANNING COMMISSION JUNE - 2001 1 &217(176 List of Tables/Figures Glossary Executive Summary 1.0 Working Group and Terms Of Reference 1 - 6 2.0 Introduction 7-16 3.0 Programmes for Fisheries and Aquaculture 17 - 44 Development during Ninth Five-Year Plan 3.1 Fisheries Resources and Potential 3.2 Ongoing Fisheries Programmes of DAHD 3.3 Schemes/Programmes by other Agencies 3.3.1 NCDC 3.3.2 FISHCOPFED 3.3.3 MPEDA 3.3.4 ICAR 3.3.5 DBT 3.3.6 SAUs 3.3.7 KVKs 3.3.8 Institutional Finance 3.3.8.1 NABARD 3.3.8.2 Insurance 3.4 Fish Production 3.5 Plan Utilisation 4.0 Review of Fisheries Sector 45 - 86 4.1 Capture Fisheries 4.1.1 Inland 4.1.1.1 Rivers and their floodplains 4.1.1.2 Estuaries 4.1.1.3 Reservoirs 4.1.1.4 Upland resources 4.1.2 Marine 4.1.2.1 Coastal 4.1.2.2 Deep-Sea 4.2 Culture Fisheries 4.2.1 Freshwater Aquaculture 4.2.2 Coldwater Aquaculture 4.2.3 Brackishwater/Coastal Aquaculture 4.2.4 Mariculture 4.2.5 Ornamental Fisheries i 4.3 Post Harvest 4.3.1 Infrastructure 4.3.2 Processing/Value Addition 4.3.3 Domestic Marketing 4.3.4 Export 4.3.5 Quality Control 4.4 Fishery Cooperatives 4.5 Credit and Insurance 4.6 Human Resource Development 4.7 Welfare of Fishers-gender bias 4.8 Linkages 4.8.1 National 4.8.2 Regional and International 4.9 Policy Issues and Legislation 4.10 Database and Information Networking 4.11 Fish Disease and Health Management 5.0 Programmes for Tenth Five-Year Plan 87 - 112 5.1 Objectives 5.2 Strategies 5.3 Thrust Areas 5.3.1 Inland 5.3.1.1 Riverine Fisheries 5.3.1.2 Reservoir Fisheries 5.3.1.3 Aquaculture Productivity 5.3.1.4 Habitat Restoration and Productivity of Upland Waters 5.3.2 Marine 5.3.2.1 Management of Coastal Fisheries 5.3.2.2 Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries 5.4 Infrastructure and Post-Harvest 5.5 Management and Policy Intervention 5.5.1 Aquaculture at par with Agriculture 5.6 Gender Programmes 5.7 Strengthening of Database and Information Networking 5.8 State-wise Prioritization of Thrust Areas 6.0 Recommendations on Programmes, Targets and 113 - 136 Outlays for Tenth Plan 6.1 Programmes 6.2 Targets 6.2.1 Fish Production 6.2.2 Fish Seed Production 6.2.3 Fish Feed 6.3 Outlays ***** ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Marine Fishery Resources of India Table 2 Inland Fishery Resources of India Table 3 Length of Major Rivers of India Table 4 Distribution of Small, Medium and Large Reservoirs in India Table 5 Potential of Fishery Resources in the Indian EEZ Table 6 Fishing Crafts – Coastal States and Union Territories Table 7 State-wise details of Marine Fishing Regulation Acts (MFRAs) Table 8 Fish Production and Average Annual Growth Rate, India – (1950-51 to 1999-2000) Table 9 Fish Production over the Plan Periods Table 10 State-wise Fish Production during the Ninth Plan (1997-98 to 1999-2000) Table 11 Fish Seed Production Table 12 State-wise Fish Seed Production (1997-98 to 1999-2000) Table 13 List of Fishing Harbours and Fish Landing Centres Commissioned/under Construction Table 14 Details of Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) Table 15 Details of Brackishwater Fish Farmers’ Development Agencies (BFDAs) Table 16 World Bank Assisted Shrimp and Fish Culture Project – State- wise Expenditure Table 17 List of Central/Centrally Sponsored Schemes for Fisheries, Ninth Plan 1997-2002 Table 18 Plan Allocation and Expenditure for Fisheries Development Schemes Table 19 Physical Achievements under Fisheries Development Programmes during Ninth Plan Table 20 Trend in Exports of Marine Products (1961-62 to 2000-01) Table 21 Contribution of Fishery Sector to GDP (Current Prices) Table 22 Fishers Population Table 23 Structure of Fisheries Co-operatives Table 24 List of Indian Shipyards Table 25 List of Krishi Vigyan Kendras Table 26 List of Fisheries Colleges iii Table 27 Infrastructure for the Seafood Processing Industry Table 28 Contribution of India to World Fish Production. Selected Years Table 29 Percentage Contribution of India to World Fish Production, Selected Years Table 30 Fish Production Projections during the Tenth Five Year Plan Table 31 Fish Seed Projections during the Tenth Five Year Plan (Indian major carps and exotic carps) Table 32 Proposed Programmes/Schemes during the Tenth Five Year Plan Figure 1 Potential Marine Fishery Resources by Depth Figure 2 Fish Production by Source – Selected Years ***** iv */266$5< BFDA = Brackishwater Fish Farmers Development Agencies BOBP = Bay of Bengal Project CIBA = Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture CICEF = Central Institute of Coastal Engineering for Fishery CIFRI = Central Inland Capture Fisheries Research Institute CIFA = Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture CIFE = Central Institute of Fisheries Education CIFNET = Central Institute of Fisheries, Nautical and Engineering Training CIFT = Central Institute of Fisheries Technology CMFRI = Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute CRZ = Coastal Regulation Zone DAHD = Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying DBT = Department of Bio-Technology DRDA = District Rural Development Agencies EEZ = Exclusive Economic Zone FFDA = Fish Farmers Development Agencies FISHCOPFED = National Federation of Fishermen Co-operatives Limited FSI = Fishery Survey of India GDP = Gross Domestic Product HACCP = Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points HSD = High Speed Diesel ICAR = Indian Council of Agricultural Research IFP = Integrated Fisheries Project IRDP = Integrated Rural Development Programmes KL = Kilo Litre KM = Kilo Meter KVK = Krishi Vigyan Kendra v MATSYAFED = Kerala State Cooperative Federation for Fishery Development Limited MFRA = Marine Fishing Regulation Act MPEDA = Marine Products Export Development Authority MT = Million Tonnes NABARD = National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NAFED = National Agriculture Cooperative Marketing Federation of India NBFGR = National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources NCDC = National Cooperative Development Corporation NDP = Net Domestic Product NMLRDC = National Marine Living Resources Data Centre NORAD = Norwegian Agency for Development NRCCWF = National Research Centre on Cold-Water Fisheries OAL = Over All Length SAU = State Agriculture University TACT = Total Aquaculture Centre for Technology TRIFED = Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India TRYSEM = Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment VMS = Vessel Management Service ***** vi (;(&87,9( 6800$5< The fisheries sector has been recognised as a powerful income and employment generator as it stimulates growth of a number of subsidiary industries and is a source of cheap and nutritious food, at the same time it is an instrument of livelihood for a large section of economically backward population of the country. More than 6 million fishers in the country depend on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihood. Indian fisheries is an important component of the global fisheries, with India being the third largest producer of fish in the world and second in inland fish production (FAO 1998). India’s share in the world production of fish has increased from 3.2% in 1981 to 4.5% at present. Fishery sector occupies an important place in the socio-economic development of the country. 2.0 Globally, fish production from capture fisheries and aquaculture showed decrease from 122 million tonnes (mt) in 1997 to 117 mt in 1998. However, the production recovered in 1999, for which the preliminary estimate is about 125 million tonnes. The global patterns of fish production owe much to the activities of China, which reports production in weight that accounts for 32 percent of the world total. Other major producer countries are Japan, India, the United States, the Russian Federation and Indonesia. 3.0 Fish production in the country has been showing an increasing trend and has reached a record level of 5.65 million tonnes in 1999-2000. The estimated fish catch in the year 2000-01 will be about 5.95 million tonnes and the production is likely to reach a level of 6.26 million tonnes by the end of the Ninth Five Year plan (2001-02). However, the achievement of 6.26 million tonnes is much below the target of 7.04 million tonnes set for the Ninth plan at a growth rate of 5.64% per annum. This is because of the slow progress in the marine fish production during this period. In fact, the growth in marine fish production during 1990s has been slow (2.19% per annum) compared to Inland fisheries (6.55% per annum). The progress in the inland sector during the last decade has been commendable. I 4.0 India has a coastline of 8118 km and an EEZ of 2.02 million sq km. About a million people are involved in fishing operations. With the absolute right on the EEZ, India has also acquired the responsibility to conserve, develop and optimally exploit the marine living resources within this area. Marine capture fisheries play a vital role in India’s economy. The growth in marine fisheries during the 1980s and 1990s has been slow as compared to the previous two decades. During the last decade (1990s) the marine fish production has reached a plateau. A quantum jump in catch from the presently exploited grounds and in certain areas up to 200 meter depth is unlikely. Most of the major commercially exploited stocks are showing signs of over exploitation. On the contrary, demand for sea food has been growing. The present scenario suggest that the current level of marine fish production from the exploited zone has to be sustained by closely monitoring the landings and the fishing effort and by strictly implementing the scientific management measures.