Gulf Oil Spill Factsheet
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Future Supply of Oil and Gas from the Gulf of Mexico
Future Supply of Oil and Gas From the Gulf of Mexico U.S. GEOLOGICAL SUltyEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1294 Future Supply of Oil and Gas From the Gulf of Mexico By E. D. Attanasi and]. L. Haynes U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1294 An engineering-economic costing algorithm combined with a discovery process model to forecast long-run incremental costs of undiscovered oil and gas UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1983 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Attanasi, E. D. Future supply of oil and gas from the Gulf of Mexico. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1294) Bibliography: p. 1. Petroleum in submerged lands Mexico, Gulf of. 2. Gas, Natural, in submerged lands Mexico, Gulf of. I. Haynes, J. (John), 1954- . II. Title. III. Series: Geological Survey professional paper ; 1294. TN872.A5A87 1983 553.2'8'0916364 83-600030 ____ ____________ For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Engineering-economic model 3 Methodology 3 Engineering data and assumptions 5 Field classification 5 Field design 6 Production schedules of oil and nonassociated gas wells 7 Economic assumptions and variables 8 Field development costs 8 Production costs and production related taxes 9 Assumptions for after-tax net present value calculations 10 Exploration costs 10 Industry behavior and market conditions 10 Forecasting future discoveries 11 Discovery process model 11 Estimated marginal cost functions for undiscovered recoverable oil and gas resources in the Gulf of Mexico 12 Conclusions and implications 16 References cited 16 Appendix A 17 Appendix B 20 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1. -
The Economic Impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Oil and Natural Gas Industry
The Economic Impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Oil and Natural Gas Industry Prepared For Prepared By Executive Summary Introduction Despite the current difficulties facing the global economy as a whole and the oil and natural gas industry specifically, the Gulf of Mexico oil and natural gas industry will likely continue to be a major source of energy production, employment, gross domestic product, and government revenues for the United States. Several proposals have been advanced recently which would have a major impact on the industry’s activity levels, and the economic activity supported by the Gulf of Mexico offshore oil and natural gas industry. The proposals vary widely, but for the purpose of this report three scenarios were developed, a scenario based on a continuation of current policies and regulations, a scenario examining the potential impacts of a ban on new offshore leases, and a scenario examining the potential impacts of a ban on new drilling permits approvals in the Gulf of Mexico. Energy and Industrial Advisory Partners (EIAP) was commissioned by the National Ocean Industry Association (NOIA) to develop a report forecasting activity levels, spending, oil and natural gas production, supported employment, GDP, and Government Revenues in these scenarios. The scenarios developed in this report are based solely upon government and other publicly available data and EIAP’s own expertise and analysis. The study also included profiles of NOIA members to demonstrate the diverse group of companies which make up the offshore Gulf of Mexico oil and natural gas industry as well as a list of over 2,400 suppliers to the industry representing all 50 states. -
Oil and Gas Technologies Supplemental Information
Quadrennial Technology Review 2015 Chapter 7: Advancing Systems and Technologies to Produce Cleaner Fuels Supplemental Information Oil and Gas Technologies Subsurface Science, Technology, and Engineering U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Quadrennial Technology Review 2015 Oil and Gas Technologies Chapter 7: Advancing Systems and Technologies to Produce Cleaner Fuels Oil and Gas in the Energy Economy of the United States Fossil fuel resources account for 82% of total U.S. primary energy use because they are abundant, have a relatively low cost of production, and have a high energy density—enabling easy transport and storage. The infrastructure built over decades to supply fossil fuels is the world’s largest enterprise with the largest market capitalization. Of fossil fuels, oil and natural gas make up 63% of energy usage.1 Across the energy economy, the source and mix of fuels used across these sectors is changing, particularly the rapid increase in natural gas production from unconventional resources for electricity generation and the rapid increase in domestic production of shale oil. While oil and gas fuels are essential for the United States’ and the global economy, they also pose challenges: Economic: They must be delivered to users and the markets at competitive prices that encourage economic growth. High fuel prices and/or price volatility can impede this progress. Security: They must be available to the nation in a reliable, continuous way that supports national security and economic needs. Disruption of international fuel supply lines presents a serious geopolitical risk. Environment: They must be supplied and used in ways that have minimal environmental impacts on local, national, and global ecosystems and enables their sustainability. -
A Seismic-Reflection Investigation of Gas Hydrates and Sea-Floor Features
A seismic-reflection investigation of gas hydrates and sea-floor features of the upper continental slope of the Garden Banks and Green Canyon regions, northern Gulf of Mexico: Report for cruise G1-99-GM (99002) by Alan Cooper1, David Twichell2, Patrick Hart1 Open-File Report 99-570 1999 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1Menlo Park, California 2Woods Hole, Massachusetts Introduction During April 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a 13-day cruise in the Garden Banks and Green Canyon regions of the Gulf of Mexico (Figures 1 and 2). The R/V Gyre, owned by Texas A&M University, was chartered for the cruise. The general objectives were (1) to acquire very high resolution seismic-reflection data and side-scan sonar images of the upper and middle continental slope (200-1200-m water depths), (2) to study the acoustic character and features of the sea floor for evidence of sea-floor hazards, and (3) to look for evidence of subsurface gas hydrates and their effects. The Gulf of Mexico is well known for hydrocarbon resources, with emphasis now on frontier deep-water areas. For water depths greater than about 250 m, the pressure-termperature conditions are correct for the development of shallow-subsurface gas hydrate formation (Anderson et al., 1992). -
Statoil Business Update
Statoil US Onshore Jefferies Global Energy Conference, November 2014 Torstein Hole, Senior Vice President US Onshore competitively positioned 2013 Eagle Ford Operator 2012 Marcellus Operator Williston Bakken 2011 Stamford Bakken Operator Marcellus 2010 Eagle Ford Austin Eagle Ford Houston 2008 Marcellus 1987 Oil trading, New York Statoil Office Statoil Asset 2 Premium portfolio in core plays Bakken • ~ 275 000 net acres, Light tight oil • Concentrated liquids drilling • Production ~ 55 kboepd Eagle Ford • ~ 60 000 net acres, Liquids rich • Liquids ramp-up • Production ~34 koepd Marcellus • ~ 600 000 net acres, Gas • Production ~130 kboepd 3 Shale revolution: just the end of the beginning • Entering mature phase – companies with sustainable, responsible development approach will be the winners • Statoil is taking long term view. Portfolio robust under current and forecast price assumptions. • Continuous, purposeful improvement is key − Technology/engineering − Constant attention to costs 4 Statoil taking operations to the next level • Ensuring our operating model is fit for Onshore Operations • Doing our part to maintain the company’s capex commitments • Leading the way to reduce flaring in Bakken • Not just reducing costs – increasing free cash flow 5 The application of technology Continuous focus on cost, Fast-track identification, Prioritised development of efficiency and optimisation of development & implementation of potential game-changing operations short-term technology upsides technologies SHORT TERM – MEDIUM – LONG TERM • Stage -
The US Response to Attacks on Persian Gulf Oil Infrastructure and Strategic Implications for Petro-States
ISSUE BRIEF 10.29.19 The US Response to Attacks on Persian Gulf Oil Infrastructure and Strategic Implications for Petro-States Jim Krane, Ph.D., Wallace S. Wilson Fellow for Energy Studies Mark Finley, Fellow in Energy and Global Oil On Sept. 14, 2019, Saudi Aramco’s enormous oil tanker and its crew for two months. In oil processing plant at Abqaiq was hit in a October, Iran’s national tanker company surprise cruise missile and drone attack. reported an attack on an Iranian oil tanker Further strikes damaged facilities at the in the Red Sea.3 Khurais oil field 150 miles away. The attacks None of these disruptions had more on some of the world’s most vital pieces of than a short-lived effect on global oil prices. energy infrastructure initially knocked out Iran appears to have played a direct or 5.7 million barrels per day (Mb/d) of Saudi indirect role in the May/June tanker and oil production and 0.7 Mb/d of natural gas Saudi attacks. But the Trump administration liquids production, the largest ever outage has not, as yet, followed the guidelines in in volume terms in the modern history of oil. the 1980 Carter Doctrine, which states that Oil prices immediately jumped from $60 to Washington would use military force—if $69 per barrel. necessary—to protect its interests in the Gulf. Just over two weeks later, the sense of The US president suggested at one point urgency was gone. Saudi Aramco had fully that ultimate responsibility in dealing with restored the lost production, even as repairs the attacks rested with Saudi Arabia. -
Microbial Eukaryotes in Oil Sands Environments: Heterotrophs in the Spotlight
microorganisms Review Microbial Eukaryotes in Oil Sands Environments: Heterotrophs in the Spotlight Elisabeth Richardson 1,* and Joel B. Dacks 2,* 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada 2 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.R.); [email protected] (J.B.D.); Tel.: +1-780-248-1493 (J.B.D.) Received: 6 May 2019; Accepted: 14 June 2019; Published: 19 June 2019 Abstract: Hydrocarbon extraction and exploitation is a global, trillion-dollar industry. However, for decades it has also been known that fossil fuel usage is environmentally detrimental; the burning of hydrocarbons results in climate change, and environmental damage during extraction and transport can also occur. Substantial global efforts into mitigating this environmental disruption are underway. The global petroleum industry is moving more and more into exploiting unconventional oil reserves, such as oil sands and shale oil. The Albertan oil sands are one example of unconventional oil reserves; this mixture of sand and heavy bitumen lying under the boreal forest of Northern Alberta represent one of the world’s largest hydrocarbon reserves, but extraction also requires the disturbance of a delicate northern ecosystem. Considerable effort is being made by various stakeholders to mitigate environmental impact and reclaim anthropogenically disturbed environments associated with oil sand extraction. In this review, we discuss the eukaryotic microbial communities associated with the boreal ecosystem and how this is affected by hydrocarbon extraction, with a particular emphasis on the reclamation of tailings ponds, where oil sands extraction waste is stored. -
IN the UNITED STATES COURT of APPEALS for the FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED No
Case: 13-20243 Document: 00512774082 Page: 1 Date Filed: 09/18/2014 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED No. 13-20243 September 18, 2014 Lyle W. Cayce UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Clerk Plaintiff-Appellee v. TRANSOCEAN DEEPWATER DRILLING, INCORPORATED, Defendant-Appellant Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas Before REAVLEY, JONES, and GRAVES, Circuit Judges. REAVLEY, Circuit Judge: Transocean Deepwater Drilling, Inc. appeals from the district court’s order enforcing administrative subpoenas issued by the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board in connection with an investigation following the disaster on the Deepwater Horizon drilling unit in the Gulf of Mexico. Transocean contends that the subpoenas should have been quashed because the Board lacks authority to investigate the incident. We AFFIRM the district court’s judgment. I. On April 20, 2010, a blowout, explosion, and fire occurred during drilling operations at the Macondo lease site in the Gulf of Mexico. The Macondo well was being drilled by the Deepwater Horizon, a mobile offshore drilling unit Case: 13-20243 Document: 00512774082 Page: 2 Date Filed: 09/18/2014 No. 13-20243 (“MODU”) tasked to the job by Transocean. As a result of the incident, eleven people were tragically killed, a large volume of flammable gas, oil, and other hazardous substances were released into the water and ambient air, and substantial property damage occurred. Numerous governmental agencies responded to the disaster, including the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (“CSB” or “the Board”). Established by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and modeled after the National Transportation Safety Board (“NTSB”), the CSB serves a public safety mission by investigating accidental releases of hazardous substances into the ambient air and by reporting to the public its findings and recommendations for preventing and minimizing the risk of industrial chemical accidents. -
Mexico's Deep Water Success
Energy Alert February 1, 2018 Key Points Round 2.4 exceeded expectations by awarding 18 of 29 (62 percent) of available contract areas Biggest winners were Royal Dutch Shell, with nine contract areas, and PC Carigali, with seven contract areas Investments over $100 billion in Mexico’s energy sector expected in the upcoming years Mexico’s Energy Industry Round 2.4: Mexico’s Deep Water Success On January 31, 2018, the Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos (“CNH”) completed the Presentation and Opening of Bid Proposals for the Fourth Tender of Round Two (“Round 2.4”), which was first announced on July 20, 2017. Round 2.4 attracted 29 oil and gas companies from around the world including Royal Dutch Shell, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Pemex, Lukoil, Qatar Petroleum, Mitsui, Repsol, Statoil and Total, among others. Round 2.4 included 60% of all acreage to be offered by Mexico under the current Five Year Plan. Blocks included 29 deep water contract areas (shown in the adjacent map) with an estimated 4.23 billion Barrel of Oil Equivalent (BOE) of crude oil, wet gas and dry gas located in the Perdido Fold Belt Area, Salinas Basin and Mexican Ridges. The blocks were offered under a license contract, similar to the deep water form used by the CNH in Round 1.4. After witnessing the success that companies like ENI, Talos Energy, Inc., Sierra and Premier have had in Mexico over the last several years, Round 2.4 was the biggest opportunity yet for the industry. Some of these deep water contract areas were particularly appealing because they share geological characteristics with some of the projects in the U.S. -
HPHT Production in the Gulf of Mexico
OCS Report BOEM 2020-060 HPHT Production in the Gulf of Mexico Estimated Lead Agency Total Costs Associated with Developing and Producing This Report: $42,000 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans Office OCS Report BOEM 2020-042 HPHT Production in the Gulf of Mexico Edited by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans Office Published by U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management New Orleans New Orleans Office August 2020 HPHT Production in the Gulf of Mexico iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................. v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. vii 1 HPHT RESERVOIRS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 What is HPHT? .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Where in the GOM are Formations that may have HPHT Characteristics? ............................. 2 1.4 Have Exploratory Wells been Drilled into HPHT Reservoirs in the GOM? ............................... 3 1.5 What are the Challenges for Production from a Subsea HPHT Well? ..................................... 5 -
A Case Study of Chevron Nigeria
Investing in Fragile Contexts: A Case Study of Chevron Nigeria Background to Chevron in Nigeria: Chevron is one of the world's leading integrated energy companies. Its roots go back to the formation of Pacific Coast Oil Company in 1876. That company later became Standard Oil Company of California and, subsequently, Chevron Corporation. Chevron acquired Gulf Oil Corporation in 1984, merged with Texaco (formerly The Texas Fuel Company, formed in Beaumont, Texas, in 1901) in 2001 and acquired Unocal in 2005. These mergers and acquisitions have strengthened Chevron's position as an energy industry leader, increasing its crude oil and natural gas assets around the world. Chevron is involved in virtually every facet of the energy industry. It has a diverse and highly skilled global workforce of approximately 64,700 employees. Its business operations traverse 100 countries. In 2014, Chevron's average net production was 2.571 million oil-equivalent barrels per day. About 74 percent of that production occurred outside the United States. At the end of 2014, Chevron had a global refining capacity of 1.9 million barrels of oil per day. Challenges: Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and has the largest economy on the continent. It has an estimated population of 170million people who are from different ethnic backgrounds and speak more than 200 languages. The country has a high rate of unemployment and poverty, and outbreaks of violent, inter-ethnic conflicts are rife. Governance and transparency is sometimes a challenge. Nigeria gained its independence from Great Britain in October, 1960 and Chevron arrived in the country a year after. -
Bp Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill
BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL John Wyeth Griggs* Synopsis: The blowout of BP‟s Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico on April 20, 2010, provided the first major test of the national oil spill containment and response apparatus put in place by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. News media coverage of the blowout displayed a lack of awareness of the Act or the mechanisms it had put in place to respond to major oil spills. Many questions raised by the media are answered or explained by the statute and its regulations. This article discusses the Act‟s provisions as they relate to the Macondo blowout, its effectiveness in dealing with the spill, and the prospects for amending the law. I. The Macondo Blowout .............................................................................. 57 II. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 .................................................................. 59 A. Who Is in Charge? ............................................................................. 59 B. Why Was the Government Slow to Respond? ................................... 62 C. Why Did It Take So Long to Stop the Spill? ..................................... 63 D. Is There a Cap on BP‟s Liability? ...................................................... 67 E. Why Was BP‟s Permission Required for Private Clean-up Efforts? ............................................................................................... 69 F. To What Penalties Is BP Subject? ..................................................... 69 G. What Damages Will BP Have to Pay? ..............................................