February 2020

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STITU IN TE O OK F S RO C B IE N N A C R E C O M B north S U I FEBRUARY 2020 E R R V A T A E Notable Sky Happenings T O N A RY L P A C H ES O N This chart shows the sky as it Feb. 1 - 7 Moon is at the upper right of Aldebaran in Taurus on the 3rd (S appears at approximately Draco eve.) and to the right of Pollux in Gemini on the 6th (E eve.). 8pm EST near mid-month at northern mid-latitudes. Feb. 8 - 14 Cygnus Moon is to the left of Regulus on the 9th (E evening). Mercury’s at Greatest Elongation on the 10th. Best time Ursa Major Ursa Minor to spot Mercury in the WSW evening twilight for the Ursa year. Moon is above Spica on the 13th (SSW morn.). Cepheus Polaris Feb. 15 - 21 Moon is at the upper right of Mars on the 18th. An Camelopardalis occultation of Mars is not visible from Michigan. The Moon is to the right of Jupiter on the 19th Cassiopeia and to the lower right of Saturn on the 20th (all Lynx Leo are visible in the SE just before sunrise). Andromeda Feb. 22 - 29 Pegasus east Cancer The Moon is to the left of Venus on the 27th Auriga Perseus (WSW evening). Aries Feb. 4 Feb. 12 Feb. 19 Feb. 26 west Sextans c Pisces Eclipti Gemini Taurus Canis Orion New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter Minor Winter Venus What is that Triangle Cetus dashed line? Now Showing It's the ecliptic, “Robot Explorers” the reference Canis plane of the solar Major Near the end of the twentieth century, we began launch- system, defined by Eridanus ing unmanned probes into the far reaches of the solar the Sun and Earth. system. What they discovered was amazing and in some The major planets and Lepus cases unexpected. New space missions are underway, the Moon can be found and many of these robust spacecraft are still operational. within a few degrees of We will pay tribute to these robots and learn what they this plane. have taught us about our solar system. Columba Also Showing The Cranbrook Observatory is open to “One World, One Sky: Big Bird’s Adventure” the public Friday and Saturday evenings from south When Elmo’s friend, Hu Hu Zhu, visits from China. Big Bird, Elmo and Hu Hu 7:30 - 10:00pm EST, and the first Sunday of the Zhu take viewers on an exciting discovery of the Sun, Moon, and stars. They month from 1:00 - 4:00pm for solar viewing. learn about the Big Dipper and the North Star and take an imaginary trip to Come have a look through our 6” telescope! the Moon where they learn that the Moon is a very different place. For observatory information visit http://science.cranbrook.edu/explore/observatory For astronomy information visit http://science.cranbrook.edu.

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Chemistry and Kinematics of Stars in Local Group Galaxies
Chemistry and kinematics of stars in Local Group galaxies Giuseppina Battaglia ESO Garching In collaboration with DART (E.Tolstoy, M.Irwin, A.Helmi, V.Hill, B.Letarte, P.Jablonka, K.Venn, M.Shetrone, N.Arimoto, F.Primas, A.Kaufer, T. Szeifert, P. François,T.Abel) Dwarf spheroidal galaxies Small (half-light radius= 0.1-1kpc), devoid of gas, pressure supported SSccuulplpttoorr FFoorrnnaaxx Typical dSph Unusual dSph • Distance: 79 kpc • Distance: 138 kpc • Faint (Lv~ 10^6 Lsun) • Most luminous (Lv~10^7 Lsun) and and metal poor metal rich of MW satellites SFHs from Grebel, Gallagher & Harbeck 2007 (see also Monkiewicz et al. 1999, Stetson et al. 1998, Buonanno et al.1999, Saviane et al. 2000) Time [Gyr] Time [Gyr] Motivation • Galaxy formation on the smallest scales – Evolution and distribution of stellar populations – Chemical enrichment histories – All dSphs contain > 10 Gyr old stars => early universe • Most dark-matter dominated galaxies – Measure dark-matter distribution – Constrain the nature of dark-matter (warm, cold...) • Galaxy formation: building blocks of large galaxies? TThhee LLooccaall GGrroouupp Grebel et al. 2000 Large Dwarf ellipticals (dE); Dwarf irregulars dSphs/dIrrs spirals dwarf spheroidals (dSphs) (dIrr) dI rr Large majority DDAARRTT LLaarrggee PPrrooggrraamm aatt EESSOO • 4 dSphs in the MW halo: Sextans, Sculptor, Fornax, Carina (HR only) • Extended ESO/WFI imaging (CMD) probable members • VLT/FLAMES Low Resolution (LR) X probable non members spectra of 100s Red Giant Branch (RGB) stars in CaII triplet (CaT) region
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Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named.
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What Is an Ultra-Faint Galaxy?
What is an ultra-faint Galaxy? UCSB KITP Feb 16 2012 Beth Willman (Haverford College) ~ 1/10 Milky Way luminosity Large Magellanic Cloud, MV = -18 image credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO) and APOD NGC 205, MV = -16.4 ~ 1/40 Milky Way luminosity image credit: www.noao.edu Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/300 Milky Way luminosity MV = -14.2 Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/2700 Milky Way luminosity MV = -11.9 Image credit: David W. Hogg, Michael R. Blanton, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Collaboration ~ 1/14,000 Milky Way luminosity MV = -10.1 ~ 1/40,000 Milky Way luminosity ~ 1/1,000,000 Milky Way luminosity Ursa Major 1 Finding Invisible Galaxies bright faint blue red Willman et al 2002, Walsh, Willman & Jerjen 2009; see also e.g. Koposov et al 2008, Belokurov et al. Finding Invisible Galaxies Red, bright, cool bright Blue, hot, bright V-band apparent brightness V-band faint Red, faint, cool blue red From ARAA, V26, 1988 Willman et al 2002, Walsh, Willman & Jerjen 2009; see also e.g. Koposov et al 2008, Belokurov et al. Finding Invisible Galaxies Ursa Major I dwarf 1/1,000,000 MW luminosity Willman et al 2005 ~ 1/1,000,000 Milky Way luminosity Ursa Major 1 CMD of Ursa Major I Okamoto et al 2008 Distribution of the Milky Wayʼs dwarfs -14 Milky Way dwarfs 107 -12 -10 classical dwarfs V -8 5 10 Sun M L -6 ultra-faint dwarfs Canes Venatici II -4 Leo V Pisces II Willman I 1000 -2 Segue I 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
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Model Comparison of the Dark Matter Profiles
A&A 558, A35 (2013) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321606 & c ESO 2013 Astrophysics Model comparison of the dark matter profiles of Fornax, Sculptor, Carina and Sextans Maarten A. Breddels and Amina Helmi Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 March 2013 / Accepted 16 August 2013 ABSTRACT Aims. We compare dark matter profile models of four dwarf spheroidal galaxies satellites of the Milky Way using Bayesian evidence. Methods. We use orbit based dynamical models to fit the 2nd and 4th moments of the line of sight velocity distributions of the Fornax, Sculptor, Carina and Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxies. We compare NFW, Einasto and several cored profiles for their dark halos and present the probability distribution functions of the model parameters. Results. For each galaxy separately we compare the evidence for the various dark matter profiles, and find that it is not possible to distinguish between these specific parametric dark matter density profiles using the current data. Nonetheless, from the combined 2 β/2 evidence, we find that is unlikely that all galaxies are embedded in the same type of cored profiles of the form ρDM ∝ 1/(1 + r ) , where β = 3, 4. For each galaxy, we also obtain an almost model independent, and therefore accurate, constraint on the logarithmic slope of the dark matter density distribution at a radius ∼r−3, i.e. where the logarithmic slope of the stellar density profile is −3. Conclusions. For each galaxy, we find that all best fit models essentially have the same mass distribution over a large range in radius (from just below r−3 to the last measured data point).
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2391 (Created: Tuesday, September 21, 2021 at 5:00:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview
JWST Proposal 2391 (Created: Tuesday, September 21, 2021 at 5:00:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview 2391 - The resolved properties of PAHs at low metallicity Cycle: 1, Proposal Category: GO INVESTIGATORS Name Institution E-Mail Dr. Julia Christine Roman-Duval (PI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Bruce T. Draine (CoI) Princeton University [email protected] Dr. Karl D. Gordon (CoI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Aleksandra Hamanowicz (CoI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Christopher Clark (CoI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Martha L. Boyer (CoI) Space Telescope Science Institute [email protected] Dr. Karin Marie Sandstrom (CoI) University of California - San Diego [email protected] Dr. Jeremy Chastenet (CoI) (ESA Member) Ghent University [email protected] OBSERVATIONS Folder Observation Label Observing Template Science Target MIRI IC1613 2 MIRI Imaging (1) IC-1613 6 NIRCam Imaging (1) IC-1613 SEXTANS-A 5 MIRI Imaging (2) SEXTANS-A 9 MIRI Imaging (2) SEXTANS-A 8 MIRI Imaging (2) SEXTANS-A 7 NIRCam Imaging (2) SEXTANS-A ABSTRACT The NIR-MIR SED of galaxies is dominated by spectral features from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules fluorescing in regions illuminated by FUV photons. In low metallicity systems (Z < 0.2 Zo), previous studies with Spitzer have revealed a substantial deficiency in the 1 JWST Proposal 2391 (Created: Tuesday, September 21, 2021 at 5:00:39 PM Eastern Standard Time) - Overview emission and abundance of PAHs, the origin of which remains unexplained due to the lack of deep, resolved, multi-band photometry or spectroscopy.
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Dwarf Spheroidal Kinematics with Large Radial Velocity Samples Matthew G
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The Variable Star Population in the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
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THE NEAREST GROUP of GALAXIES Sidney Van Den Bergh
THE NEAREST GROUP OF GALAXIES Sidney van den Bergh Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics National Research Council 5071 West Saanich Road Victoria, British Columbia, V8X 4M6, Canada ABSTRACT The small Antlia-Sextans clustering of galaxies is located at a distance of only 1.36 Mpc from the Sun, and 1.72 Mpc from the adopted barycenter of the Local Group. The latter value is significantly greater than the radius of the zero- velocity surface of the Local Group which, for an assumed age of 14 Gyr, has Ro = 1.18 " 0.15 Mpc. This, together with the observation that the members of the Ant-Sex group have a mean redshift of +114 " 12 km s-1 relative to the centroid of the Local Group, suggests that the Antlia-Sextans group is not bound to our Local Group, and that it is expanding with the Hubble flow. If this conclusion is correct, then Antlia-Sextans may be the nearest external clustering of galaxies. The total galaxian population of the Ant-Sex group is ~ 1/5 that of the Local Group. However, the integrated luminosity of Ant-Sex is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the Local Group. Subject headings: Galaxies - clusters: individual (Antlia-Sextans) - 2 - 1. INTRODUCTION A detailed discussion of the galaxies that appear to be located along the outer fringes of the Local Group has been given by van den Bergh (1994, 2000). From these data the Local Group is found to have 32 probable members that are located within 1.0 Mpc of its barycenter.
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Guide to the Constellations
STAR DECK GUIDE TO THE CONSTELLATIONS BY MICHAEL K. SHEPARD, PH.D. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Constellations by Season 3 Guide to the Constellations Andromeda, Aquarius 4 Aquila, Aries, Auriga 5 Bootes, Camelopardus, Cancer 6 Canes Venatici, Canis Major, Canis Minor 7 Capricornus, Cassiopeia 8 Cepheus, Cetus, Coma Berenices 9 Corona Borealis, Corvus, Crater 10 Cygnus, Delphinus, Draco 11 Equuleus, Eridanus, Gemini 12 Hercules, Hydra, Lacerta 13 Leo, Leo Minor, Lepus, Libra, Lynx 14 Lyra, Monoceros 15 Ophiuchus, Orion 16 Pegasus, Perseus 17 Pisces, Sagitta, Sagittarius 18 Scorpius, Scutum, Serpens 19 Sextans, Taurus 20 Triangulum, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor 21 Virgo, Vulpecula 22 Additional References 23 Copyright 2002, Michael K. Shepard 1 GUIDE TO THE STAR DECK Introduction As an introduction to astronomy, you cannot go wrong by first learning the night sky. You only need a dark night, your eyes, and a good guide. This set of cards is not designed to replace an atlas, but to engage your interest and teach you the patterns, myths, and relationships between constellations. They may be used as “field cards” that you take outside with you, or they may be played in a variety of card games. The cultural and historical story behind the constellations is a subject all its own, and there are numerous books on the subject for the curious. These cards show 52 of the modern 88 constellations as designated by the International Astronomical Union. Many of them have remained unchanged since antiquity, while others have been added in the past century or so. The majority of these constellations are Greek or Roman in origin and often have one or more myths associated with them.
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Galaxy Group and Cluster Astronomy at RIT
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Arxiv:1310.6365V2 [Astro-Ph.CO] 29 Oct 2013
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. pap3109_v2 c ESO 2018 September 13, 2018 Letter to the Editor Dwarfs walking in a row. The filamentary nature of the NGC 3109 association. M. Bellazzini1, T. Oosterloo2; 3, F. Fraternali4; 3, and G. Beccari5 1 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 2 Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The Netherlands 3 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands 4 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia - Università degli Studi di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy 5 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei Munchen, Germany Accepted for publication by A&A. Submitted on September 24, 2013. ABSTRACT We re-consider the association of dwarf galaxies around NGC 3109, whose known members were NGC 3109, Antlia, Sextans A, and Sextans B, based on a new updated list of nearby galaxies and the most recent data. We find that the original members of the NGC 3109 association, together with the recently discovered and adjacent dwarf irregular Leo P, form a very tight and elongated configuration in space. All these galaxies lie within ∼ 100 kpc of a line that is ' 1070 kpc long, from one extreme (NGC 3109) to the other (Leo P), and they show a gradient in the Local Group standard of rest velocity with a total amplitude of 43 km s−1 Mpc−1, and a r.m.s. scatter of just 16.8 km s−1. It is shown that the reported configuration is exceptional given the known dwarf galaxies in the Local Group and its surroundings.
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