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Prywatnoprawna Ochrona Dziecka Poczętego W Prawie Rzymskim

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Prywatnoprawna Ochrona Dziecka Poczętego W Prawie Rzymskim Prywatnoprawna ochrona dziecka poczętego w prawie rzymskim Piotr Niczyporuk Prywatnoprawna ochrona dziecka poczętego w prawie rzymskim Białystok 2009 © Copyright by Temida 2 Białystok 2009 Rada Programowa Wydawnictwa Temida 2: Leonard Etel, Marian Grzybowski, Adam Jamróz, Dariusz Kijowski, Cezary Kosikowski, Adam Lityński, Emil Pływaczewski, Stanisław Prutis, Eugeniusz Ruśkowski, Walerian Sanetra, Halina Święczkowska, Bogdan Wierzbicki Redaktor naukowy wydawnictwa: Halina Święczkowska Żadna część tej pracy nie może być powielana i rozpowszechniana w jakiejkolwiek formie i w jakikolwiek sposób (elektroniczny, mechaniczny), włącznie z fotokopio- waniem – bez pisemnej zgody wydawcy. ISBN 978–83–89620–65–1 Recenzent: Wiesław Mossakowski Opracowanie graficzne i typograficzne: Andrzej Polech Projekt okładki: Andrzej Polech Redakcja techniczna: Jerzy Banasiuk Korekta: Bogumiła Mancewicz Wydawca: Temida 2 Przy współpracy i wsparciu finansowym Wydziału Prawa Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku Spis treści WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW 9 WStęP § 1. Przedstawienie problemu badawczego 15 § 2. Zakres i układ pracy 18 § 3. Podstawa źródłowa 20 § 4. Omówienie literatury 22 Rozdział i SYtUACJA PRAWNA DZIECKA POCZętEGO, A JESZCZE NIE URODZONEGO W RZYMSKIM PRAWIE PRYWAtNYM § 5. Łacińska terminologia związana z dzieckiem poczętym i jego ochroną 29 1. Określenia stosowane w źródłach prawa rzymskiego wobec dziecka poczętego, a jeszcze nie urodzonego 29 1. 1. Nasciturus 29 1. 2. Venter 31 1. 3. Qui in utero est 33 1. 4. Qui nasci spera(n)tur 34 1. 5. Partus 35 1. 6. Conceptus 37 1. 7. Fetus 39 2. Postumus (pogrobowiec) 39 3. terminologia związana z ochroną dziecka poczętego w prawie rzymskim 42 3. 1. Znaczenie określenia cura 42 3. 2. Custodia 45 § 6. Status dziecka poczętego 47 1. Dziecko poczęte w małżeństwie (iustum matrimonium) 49 2. Dziecko poczęte poza małżeństwem 51 3. Favor libertatis 53 § 7. Podmiotowość prawna dziecka poczętego w prawie rzymskim 55 § 8. Zakres ochrony prawnej dziecka poczętego 65 § 9. Wnioski 70 5 Rozdział ii ŚRODKI OCHRONY prawnej ZWIąZANE Z CIąŻą I PORODEM § 10. Rzymskie regulacje prawne związane z ochroną dziecka poczętego i przyczyny ich wydania 73 § 11. Stwierdzenie ciąży (inspectio ventris) 82 § 12. Obserwacja ciąży i porodu (custodia ventris–custodia partus) 92 § 13. Skutki stosowania edyktu dla dziecka poczętego 104 § 14. Wnioski 107 Rozdział iii Uprawnienia DZIECKA POCZętEGO w rzymskim prawie spadkowym § 15. Pogrobowiec (postumus) a testament 109 1. Uprawnienia pogrobowców własnych (postumi sui) do spadku 109 2. Pogrobowiec obcy (postumus alienus) 120 3. Postumi Aquiliani 124 4. Postumi Vellaeani 125 5. Postumi Iuliani 128 § 16. Dziedziczenie beztestamentowe pogrobowca 129 1. Dziedziczenie beztestamentowe według ius civile 129 2. Dziecko poczęte, a jeszcze nie urodzone dziedzicem beztestamentowym 132 3. Dziecko poczęte w pretorskim dziedziczeniu beztestamentowym (bonorum possessio) 139 § 17. Wprowadzenie w posiadanie w imieniu dziecka poczętego (missio in possessionem ventris nomine) 143 § 18. Wnioski 152 Rozdział iV Sprawowanie PIECZY NAD DZIECKIEM POCZętYM, a jeszcze NIE URODZONYM (CURa vENTRIS) § 19. Piecza nad dzieckiem poczętym, a jeszcze nie urodzonym (cura ventris) 155 1. Cura ventris jako jeden z rodzajów kurateli 155 2. Sposoby ustanawiania kuratora 160 3. Osoby uprawnione do wystąpienia z żądaniem wyznaczenia kuratora 163 4. Podstawa prawna powołania kuratora 166 6 5. Uprawnieni do sprawowania kurateli 168 6. Czas trwania cura ventris i jej ustanie 170 § 20. Obowiązki curatoris ventris 174 1. Majątek spadkowy przed ustanowieniem kuratora 174 2. Zarządzanie dobrami (administratio) 176 3. Alimentacja 181 4. Inne obowiązki kuratora 188 § 21. Gwarancje należytego sprawowania kurateli 190 1. Spisanie majątku 190 2. Złożenie zabezpieczenia (satisdatio) 191 3. Hipoteka na majątku kuratora 194 § 22. Odpowiedzialność i roszczenia kuratora 196 1. Odpowiedzialność spoczywająca na curator ventris 196 2. Roszczenia curatoris ventris 201 § 23. Wnioski 203 zakończenie 207 index źRódeł 1. Źródła prawne 213 2. Źródła literackie 223 3. Źródła epigraficzne i papirologiczne 232 BIBLIOGRAFIA 1. Wydawnictwa źródłowe, słownikowe i encyklopedyczne 233 2. Literatura 237 zusammenfassung 279 7 WYKAZ SKRÓTÓW «ACIV» – Atti del Congresso Internazionale di Diritto Romano e di Storia del Diritto (Verona 1948), t. I–II, Milano 1951 «Aegyptus» – «Aegyptus. Rivista italiana di egittologia e di papiro- logia», Milano «AG» – Archivio Giuridico “Filippo Serafini”, Bologna, Pisa, od 1921 Modena «AHDE» – Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español, Madrid «ASNP» – Annali R. Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa – Lettere, storia, filosofia, Pisa «Annales UMCS» – Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Lu- blin «ANRW» – Ausfstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, Berlin- New York «AUCt» – Annali del Seminario Giuridico dell’Università di Ca- tania, Milano B. Biondi, Scritti – B. Biondi, Scritti giuridici, t. I–IV, Milano 1965 «BIDR» – Bullettino dell’Istituto di diritto romano, Roma, od 1940 Milano Bt – Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana, Stuttgart - Leipzig C. – ‘Codex Iustinianus’, ‘Corpus Iuris Civilis’, t. II, (ed.) P. Krüger, Berolini 1963 9 Wykaz skrótów CE – F. Buecheler, ‘Antologia Latina’, t. II, 1–3, ‘Carmina Latina Epigraphica’, t. I–III, Leipzig 1895–1928 CIL – ‘Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum’, Berlin C. th. – ‘Codex Theodosianus’, (ed.) t. Mommsen, P. M. Mey- er, Dublin-Zurich 1971 Col. – kolumna «CPH» – Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne, Poznań-Warszawa D. – ‘Digesta’, ‘Corpus Iuris Civilis’, t. I, (ed.) t. Mom- msen, P. Krüger, Dublino-turici 1966 «Der Neue Pauly» – Der Neue Pauly Enzyklöpadie der Antike, herausgege- ben von H. Cancik und H. Schneider, Stuttgart-Weimar «DS» – Ch. Daremberg - E. Saglio, Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines, Paris 1877–1919 «ED» – Enciclopedia del diritto, Milano EG. – ‘Epitome Gai seu liber Gai’, FIRA FIRA – ‘Fontes iuris Romani anteiustiniani’, (ed.) S. Riccobo- no, J. Baviera, C. Ferrini, J. Furlani, V. Arangio-Ruiz, Pars prima-Leges. Pars altera-Auctores. Pars tertia- Negotia, Florentiae 1940–43 G. – ‘Gai institutionum commentarii quattor’, FIRA I. – ‘Insitutiones’, ‘Corpus Iuris Civilis’, t. I, (ed.) t. Mommsen, P. Krüger, Dublino-turici 1966 «Index» – «Index. Quaderni camerti di studi romanistici», Napoli «Iura» – Rivista internazionale di diritto romano e antico, Na- poli M. Kaser, RP 1 – M. Kaser, Das Römischen Privatrecht, t. I: Das altrö- mische, das vorklassische und klassische Recht, Mün- chen 19712 M. Kaser, RP 2 – M. Kaser, Das Römischen Privatrecht, t. II: Die nach- klassischen Entwicklungen, München 1959 «Labeo» – «Labeo. Rassegna di diritto romano», Napoli F. Lamberti, Postumi 1 – F. Lamberti, Studi sui ‘postumi’ nell’esperienza giuri- dica romana, t. I, Napoli 1996 10 Wykaz skrótów F. Lamberti, Postumi 2 – Studi sui ‘postumi’ nell’esperienza giuridica romana, t. II: Profili del regime classico, Napoli 2001 «JJP» – Journal of Juristic Papyrology, Warszawa Mélanges Girard – Mélanges Paul Frédéric Girard. Etudes de droit ro- main à l’Université de Paris, Paris 1912 Mélanges Lévy-Bruhl – Droits de l’antiquité et sociologie juridique, Mélanges Henri Lévy-Bruhl, Paris 1959 «NNDI» – Novissimo Digesto Italiano, torino Nov. – ‘Novellae’, ‘Corpus Iuris Civilis’, t. III, (ed.) P. Scho- el, G. Kroll, Berolini 1963 «OIR» – Orbis Iuris Romani, Brno-trnava «Pallas» – «Pallas. Revues d’études antiques.» Universite de toulouse-Le Mirail, Aix, Limoges, Montpellier, Pau, Perpignan (toulouse) «PCPS» – Proceedings of de Cambridge Philological Society, Cambridge «Phoenix» – «Phoenix, Journal of the Classical Association of Ca- nada», toronto «PiP» – Państwo i Prawo, Warszawa «PK» – Prawo Kanoniczne, Warszawa «Pomoerium» – «Pomoerium. Studia et commentarii ad orbem classi- cum spectantia», Bochum «Prudentia» – «Prudentia. Journal Devoted to the Intellect. History of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods», University of Auckland, Auckland PS. – ‘Sententiarum receptarum libri quinque, qui vulgo Iulio Paulo adhuc tribuuntur’, FIRA «RE» – Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Stuttgart (od 1894 r.) «RHD» – Revue historique de droit français et étranger, Paris «RIL» – Rendiconti. Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Let- tere, Milano «RIDA» – Revue internationale des droits de l’antiquité, Bruxelles 11 Wykaz skrótów «RISG» – Rivista italiana per le scienze giuridiche, torino, od 1947 r. Milano «RtK» – Roczniki Teologiczno-Kanoniczne, Lublin SC – ‘Senatus Consultum’ Scritti Ferrini – Scritti in onore di Contardo Ferrini publicati in occa- sione della sua beatificazione, Milano 1947–1949 «SDHI» – Studia et documenta historiae et iuris, Roma S. Solazzi, Scritti – Siro Solazzi, Scritti di diritto romano, t. I–V, Napoli 1955–1972 Studi Albertario – Studi in memoria di Emilio Albertario, t. I–II, Milano 1953 Studi Biondi – Studi in onore di Biondo Biondi, t. I–IV, Milano 1965 Studi Grosso – Studi in onore di Giuseppe Grosso, t. I–IV, torino 1968–1974 Studi Sanfilippo – Studi in onore di Cesare Sanfilippo, t. I–VII, Milano 1982–1987 Studi Solazzi – Studi in onore di Siro Solazzi, Napoli 1948 Studi Volterra – Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra, t. 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