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Perspectives for Sustainable Development of Nordic Aquaculture

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Perspectives for Sustainable Development of Nordic Aquaculture TemaNord 20 TemaNord 13:546 Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture Perspectives for sustainable development The Paban-Report of Nordic aquaculture Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing productions and the value of aquaculture is now about to pass the value of capture fisheries. Among the Nordic countries, Norway in particular has been able to create a large aquaculture industry with high growth rates over a number of years. The other Nordic countries have only had limited growth, but have a high unutilised potential. There is a need to identify opportunities and limitations for increased growth with due care for sustainability and environment. This report identifies seven focus areas with special potential for creation of a sustainable, com- petitive Nordic aquaculture sector. These areas are new feeds, better use and reuse of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon), value adding of by-products, technological and regional development, domestication of new species and reduction of energy consumption. The aquaculture sector with its strengths and weaknesses is described for each of the Nordic countries. The report is compiled on basis of contributions from a Nordic group of experts. It was presented at a seminar on Green Growth at the annual meeting of the Nordic Ministers of Fisheries in Trondheim, July 2012. TemaNord 2013:546 ISBN 978-92-893-2571-4 TN2013546 omslag.indd 1 17-05-2013 09:28:44 Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture The Paban-Report Rosten Trond W., Poulsen Helge, Alanära Anders, Eskelinen Unto, Bergsson Arnljótur Bjarki and Olafsen Trude TemaNord 2013:546 Perspectives for sustainable development of Nordic aquaculture The Paban-Report Rosten Trond W., Poulsen Helge, Alanära Anders, Eskelinen Unto, Bergsson Arnljótur Bjarki and Olafsen Trude ISBN 978-92-893-2571-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2013-546 TemaNord 2013:546 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2013 Layout: Hanne Lebech Cover photo: ImageSelect Copies: 166 Print: Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or recommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, in- volving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 www.norden.org Content Preface........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... 9 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 11 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 23 1. Perspectives for further development of sustainable aquaculture ........................... 41 1.1 P1 – Adaptations for the future shortage of the existing marine feed resources .................................................................................................................. 41 1.2 P2 – Adaptations for a sustainable use and reuse of carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen .......................................................................................... 46 1.3 P3 – Adaptations for creating added value based upon utilization of by-products....................................................................................................................... 53 1.4 P4 – Technology development to maximise aquaculture potential by removing major constraints for viable growth .............................................. 59 1.5 P5 – Boosting the competiveness in Nordic areas attractive for aquaculture ....................................................................................................................... 63 1.6 P6 – Domestication of new species to meet increased demand for seafood production from Nordic aquaculture...................................................... 69 1.7 P7 – Adaptation for a lower energy use in Nordic aquaculture ..................... 73 2. Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 79 3. Sammendrag .................................................................................................................................. 87 3.1 Anbefalinger fra arbeidsgruppen ............................................................................. 90 4. Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 95 4.1 Finland ................................................................................................................................ 95 4.2 Norway ............................................................................................................................. 101 4.3 Sweden ............................................................................................................................. 111 4.4 Denmark .......................................................................................................................... 118 4.5 The Faroe Islands ......................................................................................................... 127 4.6 Iceland .............................................................................................................................. 133 Preface While the responsibility fisheries and aquaculture rests within the Nordic Council with a dedicated working group (EK-Fisk) under the Ministerial Council for Fisheries, Agriculture, Forestry and Nutrition (FJLS), this working group also strives to extend its cooperation to other working groups under the umbrella of Nordic Council of Minis- ters. One of these groups is the Working Group on Sustainable Devel- opment (The BU-group). This group decided in 2011 to focus atten- tion on sustainable development at sea – and more specifically on aquaculture. The practical implication of this decision was that a large share of the BU 2012 budget was set aside for assisting the Fisheries cooperation to prepare a working document with a sustain- ability perspective, which could fit into a Nordic discussion on how to develop the aquaculture sector. This support from the NCM Group on Sustainable Development is highly appreciated. The background for this report has been the Rio+ 20 conference, or- ganized in early June 2012, with its emphasis on the need to improve global food production in oceans and coastal areas. Another part of the backdrop is the “green growth” and bioeconomy strategies of the Nordic Council of Ministers. Aquaculture can contribute significantly to global food security, and also provides for income opportunities and export revenues. On the other hand it is recognized that further growth in this sector entails important challenges in keeping with ambitions to ensure that such a development is consistent with the green growth concept. Aquaculture is an important industry for the Nordic countries, par- ticularly for Norway and the Faroe Islands, but other Nordic countries are also looking at their potential to develop aquaculture industry. Aq- uaculture was an important topic under the Finnish chairmanship of the Nordic Council of Ministers (NCM) in 2011, when a large conference on aquaculture in the Baltic Sea was organized in Helsinki. This report is a follow-up by the Norwegian NCM 2012 chairmanship to the Helsinki conference, widening the scope to cover the entire Nordic region. An overarching regional perspective on aquaculture development in the Nordic region is applied in this report. The document is based on the analyses and discussion of a Nordic working group which has identified the potential for growth, common constraints, and major regional differ- ences in the aquaculture industry. The outcome of this process is struc- tured into seven different perspectives on aquaculture growth in the Nordic region. This report was initially prepared as a background document to the Nordic ministerial meeting in Trondheim in late June 2012, where it proved to be a useful input to the conference on green growth in the marine sector. It has also served as a background for the so called” Nida- rosdeclaration” – “On the responsibility of the primary sectors and food industry for green growth.” The declaration
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