VOLUME 37, NUMBER / NUMÉRO 2 AUGUST 2016 AOÛT Volume 37, Number 2, August 2016 Volume 37, nume´ ro 2, aouˆ t 2016

DEPARTMENTS DE´ PARTEMENTS

Christie Hurrell 37 Editor’s Message / Message de la re´daction

RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICLE DE RECHERCHE

Amanda Ross-White 39 Librarian Involvement in Systematic Reviews at Queen’s University: An Environmental Scan

Robin Desmeules, Marlene Dorgan, and 44 Acknowledging Librarians’ Contributions Sandy Campbell to Systematic Review Searching

Janice Yu Chen Kung and 53 What Not to Keep: Not All Data Have Future Sandy Campbell Research Value

BOOK REVIEWS CRITIQUES DE LIVRES

Erin Menzies 58 Aboriginal and Visible Minority Librarians: Oral Histories from Canada

Sarah Visintini 60 Data Visualizations and Infographics

Shannon McAlorum 61 The Cybrarian’s Web 2: An AÁZ Guide to Free Social Media Tools, Apps, and Other Resources

JCHLA 2016 CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS RE´ SUME´ S DU CONGRE´ S 2016 DE L’ABSC

65 Contributed papers / Communications libres

79 Posters / Affiches

96 Lightning talks / Pre´sentations e´clair 37

DEPARTMENTS / DE´ PARTEMENTS

Editor’s Message Message de la re´ daction

Dear colleagues, I hope that our summer issue finds Chers colle´gues, J’espe`re que ce nume´ro estival enrichira you enjoying some time to spend doing what you love most. le temps que vous accordez a` votre activite´ de pre´dilection. And if what you love most is getting caught up with recent S’il s’ave`re que cette dernie`re consiste a` vous tenir a` jour des developments in health sciences librarianship, I hope that avance´es en bibliothe´conomie des sciences de la sante´, this issue will be joining you on a deck chair or in an airport j’ose espe´rer que ce nume´ro vous tiendra compagnie dans lounge. It contains two articles that cover librarian involve- votre chaise longue ou dans la salle d’attente de l’ae´roport. Il ment in systematic reviews, a topic that continues to occupy contient deux articles qui traitent de l’engagement des much of our energy as health librarians. In addition, you’ll bibliothe´caires en synthe`se syste´matique, un sujet qui exige find an article on research data, as well as book reviews on des bibliothe´caires de la sante´ une importante partie de leur current and emerging topics including diversity in librarian- e´nergie. De plus, vous y trouverez un article sur les donne´es ship, data visualization, and social media. de recherche, ainsi que des critiques de livres qui traitent de In case you missed some of your Canadian colleagues’ sujets en e´mergence, y compris la diversite´ en bibliothe´- presentations at the recent Mosaic/Mosaı¨que conference in conomie, la visualisation de donne´es, et les me´dias sociaux. Toronto, you can find abstracts for papers, posters, and Au cas ou` vous n’auriez pas pu assister aux pre´sentations lightning talks in this issue. I hope to read fuller exposi- de vos colle`gues canadiens lors de la re´cente confe´rence tions of some of these in a future issue of our journal. « Mosaı¨que / Mosaic » de Toronto, vous pouvez trouver des This year, we were grateful to receive several excellent extraits d’articles, d’affiches et de conversations e´clair dans applications for the role of Junior Editor with JCHLA/ le pre´sent nume´ro. J’espe`re bien pouvoir lire des expose´s JABSC, and are pleased to announce that Nicole Askin of plus approfondis dans un futur nume´ro de notre Journal. the University of Manitoba will be joining our team. This Nous nous re´jouissons cette anne´e des nombreuses is also my last issue as Editor-in-Chief; in September, Cari soumissions de candidature de grande qualite´ pour le poste Merkley will take on the role. The incoming team brings a de re´dacteur / re´dactrice adjoint (e) du JABSC / JCHLA, et a` wealth of strengths and represents health librarianship ce sujet, c’est avec grand plaisir que nous annonc¸ons que (almost) from one side of the country to another, and I Nicole Askin de l’Universite´ du Manitoba se joindra a`ce know that the journal will thrive under their guidance. titre a` notre e´quipe. Ce nume´ro est aussi le dernier auquel My tenure with this journal has been rewarding in so je participe a` titre de re´dactrice en chef. De`s septembre many ways, and I do encourage others to get involved, prochain, Cari Merkley prendra la rele`ve. La nouvelle whether it be as an author, a peer reviewer, or an editor. e´quipe regroupe un e´ventail impressionnant de forces Contributing to this journal is an excellent way to learn more nouvelles et repre´sente les bibliothe´caires de la sante´de about academic publishing, and to contribute to our pro- (presque) toutes les re´gions du pays. Je suis convaincue fession, all within a supportive and collegial environment. que notre Journal est voue´ d’avance a` la prospe´rite´ sous la I look forward to seeing what future issues have in store. gouverne de cette nouvelle e´quipe. Mon mandat au sein de ce journal en aura e´te´ un des plus Christie Hurrell gratifiants de tant de manie`res, au point ou` j’encourage les JCHLA/JABSC Editor-in-Chief autres a` s’y impliquer, soit a` titre d’auteur, de membre de Email: [email protected] l’e´quipe de re´vision par les pairs, ou de re´dacteur /re´dactrice. La participation a` ce journal est une excellente occasion d’en apprendre davantage sur la publication universitaire, tout en contribuant a` l’avancement de notre profession, le tout dans un environnement colle´gial de soutien. J’anticipe le plaisir de de´couvrir ce que les prochains nume´ros nous re´servent.

Christie Hurrell Re´dactrice en chef, JABSC / JCHLA Courriel : [email protected]

JCHLA / JABSC 37: 37 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-020

39

RESEARCH ARTICLE / ARTICLE DE RECHERCHE

Librarian Involvement in Systematic Reviews at Queen’s University: An Environmental Scan1

Amanda Ross-White, MLIS, AHIP

Abstract: Introduction: Systematic reviews are a growing research methodology in many fields, particularly in the health sciences. Many publishers of systematic reviews require or advocate for librarian involvement in the process, but do not explicitly require the librarian to receive co-authorship. In preparation for developing a formal systematic review service at Queen’s, this environmental scan of systematic reviews was conducted to see whether librarians receive co-authorship or other acknowledgement of their role in systematic reviews. Methods: A search of the Joanna Briggs Database and both Medline and PubMed for systematic reviews with at least one Queen’s-affiliated author was completed. These were classified based on the level of acknowledgement received by the librarian involved in the search into three groups: librarian as co-author, librarian acknowledged, and unclear librarian involvement. In instances where the lead author was Queen’s affiliated, these were also categorized by their primary academic department. Results: Of 231 systematic reviews published with at least one Queen’s affiliated author since 1999, 31 listed a librarian as co-author. A librarian received acknowledgement in a further 36 reviews. The School of Nursing published the most systematic reviews and was most likely to have a librarian as co-author. Discussion: Librarians at Queen’s are actively involved in systematic reviews and co- authorship is a means of valuing our contribution. Librarians appear to be more likely to achieve co-authorship when they have advocated for this role in the past. Success varies according to the cultural norms of the department.

Introduction ... responsible for providing assistance to authors with searching for studies for inclusion in their reviews. The range Systematic reviews are a growing research methodology of assistance varies according to the resources available to in many fields, not the least of which includes the health individual CRGs [Cochrane Review Groups] but may sciences. For many years, researchers have seen the impor- include some or all of the following: providing relevant tance of putting existing evidence in a more synthesized studies from the CRG’s Specialized Register (see Section format, not only to guide medical decision making, but also 6.3.2.4 for more detail), designing search strategies for the to guide research funding and develop tools to better main bibliographic databases, running these searches in educate the public on standards of practice. The Canadian databases available to the CRG, saving search results and Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) defines knowledge sending them to authors, advising authors on how to run translation as “a dynamic and iterative process that includes searches in other databases and how to download results into the synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound their reference management software (see Section 6.5) [3]. application of knowledge to improve the health of Cana- dians, provide more effective health services and products, The manual also explicitly states who to contact when and strengthen the healthcare system” [1]. This definition a trials search coordinator is not available: “If a CRG is encapsulates much of why systematic reviews are becoming a currently without a Trials Search Co-ordinator authors recognized research methodology andwhy they are playing a should seek the guidance of a local healthcare librarian or growing role in the funding of research and in academic information specialist, where possible one with experience publications. of conducting searches for systematic reviews” [3]. As early as 2005, Sampson and McGowan [2] were The importance of including a librarian as a full member advocating for librarian involvement, and indeed, co- of the research team was reinforced with the release of authorship on systematic reviews. They are certainly not The Institute of Medicine’s Finding What Works in Health alone. The Cochrane Collaboration has long recognized the Care: Standards for Systematic Reviews in 2011. Standard importance of including a librarian as part of the review. 2.1 states that a systematic review group should “Establish a In the Cochrane manual the trials search coordinator’s role team with appropriate expertise and experience to conduct is described as the systematic review”, and that specifically standard 2.1.3

Amanda Ross-White. Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON. 1This article has been peer-reviewed. 2Corresponding author (email: [email protected])

JCHLA / JABSC 37:39Á43 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-016 40 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 should “Include expertise in searching for relevant evidence.” undertaken or if it could be implied by the large breadth Standard 3 outlines specifically what form the search should of search terms and bibliographic databases used in the take: “Conduct a comprehensive systematic search for search, indicating an attempt to be comprehensive in the evidence” which includes “3.1.1 Work with a librarian or search. As the search only included published systematic other information specialist trained in performing system- reviews, ethics approval was not required. atic reviews to plan the search strategy” and “3.1.3 Use an From this set of 231 articles, all reviews were examined to independent librarian or other information specialist to peer determine if a librarian was involved in the search process. review the search strategy” [4]. These were placed into three categories: librarian as co- Other organizations have concurred with the importance author, librarian acknowledged (either in the body of the of working with a librarian on systematic reviews. The Tufts text or in the acknowledgements section), and librarian Evidence Practice Center, a group of expert reviewers who involvement was unclear. Librarians were identified if they voted on the various standards and provided commentary could be determined by listed academic credentials or on their applicability, working under contract for the Agency by job title in the acknowledgements section or body of for Healthcare Research and Quality produced a white the text. In some instances, they were identified by name paper that agreed 100% that expertise in searching was recognition. This was feasible given the small number of critical. A further 85% of those on the committee agreed that librarians employed at academic health sciences centres in it was essential this task was performed by a librarian [5]. Canada, as they could often be identified by name [9]. The Joanna Briggs Institute, a systematic review organiza- Because of the fluid nature of academic appointments tion based in Adelaide, Australia, with which many univer- and the number of papers authored or co-authored by sities have a partnership, also states in its manual: “authors students, reviews published between 2013 and November should always seek the advice of a research librarian in the 2015 were also categorized by whether the lead researcher construction of a search strategy” [6]. This paper seeks had Queen’s affiliation or another institution, and, if to explore how closely researchers at Queen’s were heeding determinable, the department at Queen’s the researcher the advice of systematic review publishing agencies and was affiliated with. The intent of this categorization was to guidelines. determine which researchers and departments would best be approached for conducting a further needs assessment and where we ought to spend our efforts in promoting and Methods developing the service once it is developed. To better prepare for a potential systematic review service offered by Queen’s University health sciences librarians, the Results author conducted an environmental scan of researchers at Queen’s performing systematic reviews. This scan also helps A review of which librarians are receiving co-authorship to gauge demand for the service and provides clues as to listed 31 publications with a librarian co-author. A full where systematic reviews are going in future. A search of list of these publications can be found in Supplementary the Joanna Briggs Database and PubMed was based on the Appendix A. Of these the majority (22 of the 31 publica- systematic review search initially developed by Montori tions) were papers where the librarian was employed by et al. [7] and modified by Rethlefsen et al. [8]: Queen’s Library at the time of the publication. Also, a majority (19 of the 31 publications) were published by (search*[tiab] OR meta-analysis[Publication Type] OR meta- either the current or former nursing liaison librarians, analysis[tiab] OR MEDLINE[tiab] OR (systematic[tiab] which demonstrates the tendency of the School of Nursing AND review[tiab]00 OR systematic[sb] AND (Queen’s[ad] to grant co-authorship to librarians. Of the systematic re- OR Kingston General Hospital[ad]) views where librarians received co-authorship, 23 out of 31 had a nurse as the lead author. A full list of papers with The databases were chosen because of Queen’s University’s librarians as authors can be found in Supplementary affiliation with the Joanna Briggs Institute and because Appendix A. initially the intent was to offer the systematic review service In the second category, librarians were acknowledged by to faculty in the health sciences only. Because the Montori name either in the acknowledgements section of the paper, and Rethlefson search strategy has been published in two or where a librarian or information specialist was acknowl- previous peer-reviewed publications, it was felt no further edged in the body of the paper, usually by description of review of the search was needed. The search was conducted position. This was done in 36 reviews. Some examples of on Friday, 13 November 2015. This revealed 463 potential how librarians received acknowledgement in the acknowl- systematic reviews meriting further investigation published edgements section include: by Queen’s authors, or authors who listed their primary affiliation as Kingston General Hospital, the largest teach- The author is grateful to Jessie McGowan, MLIS, AHIP, ing hospital affiliated with Queen’s. These citations were Senior Information Scientist, Institute of Population exported into EndNote software. Of these, 231 articles were Health/Ottawa Health Research Institute, Trials Search systematic reviews, and the remaining 232 articles were some Coordinator, EPOC (The Cochrane Collaboration) for the other type of article such as summaries of reviews or articles design and execution of the electronic searches [10]. about systematic review methodology. Articles were identi- The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of fied as systematic reviews if the author explicitly stated library scientist Patricia Oakley, MSL, [sic] for her valuable a systematic approach to searching the literature was assistance with the database searches [11]. Ross-White 41

From the Cochrane Injuries Group we wish to acknowl- section. One example where this was done was Piteau et al. edge... Karen Blackhall (electronic search strategies). [26] where the body of the text read “The main search From the Cochrane EPOC group, we thank Alain Mayhew strategy... was developed by an experienced librarian.” The and Michelle Fiander (electronic search strategy) [12]. acknowledgements section then reads: “The authors grate- The authors are grateful to Jessie McGowan, MLIS, AHIP, fully acknowledge the following individuals for their con- Senior Information Scientist, Institute of Population tributions to this project: Margaret Sampson, MLIS, PhD, Health/Ottawa Health Research Institute, Trials Search AHIP (search services)” [26]. Another example was Wilcox Coordinator, EPOC (The Cochrane Collaboration) for the et al. [27] who wrote “searches were performed with the aid design and execution of the electronic searches [13]. of an experienced information specialist” in the body of the The authors wish to thank Dr. Nicole Richardson for helpful paper and in the acknowledgements section wrote: “We comments made on previous versions of this manuscript and thank Hannah Wood, Assistant Librarian, London School Ms. Suzanne Maranda for assistance with the literature of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University College searches [14]. London, for her assistance in the literature search”. Where librarians were neither acknowledged nor given We thank Mr. Henry Lam who was our librarian at co-authorship, the passive voice was often used to describe Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON [15]. searching. For example: The authors acknowledge...Linda Schoop, MLS, Library Scientist, Purdue University Calumet [16]. The following databases were searched for articles pub- We wish to thank Teruko Kishibe for her help in the lished between 1980 and September 2014: Embase, MED- development of search terms used [17]. LINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systema- Authors thank... Gina Matesic, MA, MLIS, MEd, tic Reviews [28]. University of Toronto, Giulia Consiglio, BSc, University of Toronto, Joanna Bielecki, BSc, MISt, University of Of the 91 systematic reviews published by Queen’s Toronto...[18] authors between 2013 and November 2015, 45 listed the The authors also thank Trish Johns-Wilson at the University lead author as having Queen’s affiliation. The greatest of Ontario Institute of Technology for her review of the number of these by department, six, were published by search strategy [19]. authors in Nursing. However, many of the reviews were published outside the health sciences, with the next largest In one instance, multiple librarians were acknowledged, department represented being Kinesiology and Health reflecting the complexity of the search and the use of peer Studies, with four reviews. In five of the reviews, the lead review of the search strategy. Stevens et al. [20] thank author could be identified as a student in Medicine (three in Shona Kirtley for information regarding the EQUATOR internal medicine, two in family medicine) showing the network search strategy for reporting guidelines, Andra popularity of the systematic review as a method for student Morrison for peer reviewing the search strategies developed projects in that discipline. The remaining departments for this review, Becky Skidmore for designing and con- include Cancer Research (2), Cardiology (2), Mathematics ducting literature searches. and Statistics (1), Neurology (1), Ophthalmology (2), and Psychiatry (2). Only the reviews in Nursing recognized the Acknowledgement of the involvement of a librarian in the librarians at Queen’s as co-authors, with five out of the six body of the text often did not include either the librarian by doing so. name or further acknowledgement of the librarian in the acknowledgements section. Examples of this include: Discussion A qualified librarian searched the following databases:...[21] One limitation to this study is that not all librarians were A systematic literature search was performed using the easily identifiable. In some instances the librarian as author MEDLINE (1966 to October 2006) and EMBASE (1980 to may be missed because they are identified only with a October 2006) databases with the assistance of a librarian department in which they are embedded or because they with expertise in electronic searches [22]. have a PhD as a terminal degree. Further research should Collaborative efforts between clinician specialists and seek to identify doctorally trained librarians or researchers research librarians resulted in several iterations and refine- whose primary affiliation is not with the library. This paper ments of the search [23]. also did not compare the quality of searches reported by We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, librarian-authored and nonlibrarian-authored papers, al- CINAHL, and CENTRAL from 1 January 1990 to 28 May though this should be examined in future research. 2014, guided by a librarian, and using a combination of This scan of librarians as authors or contributors de- keywords and medical subject headings with no language monstrates that Queen’s has done an excellent job of restrictions [24]. advocating for authorship within the School of Nursing. The search strategy was developed by a team of experi- Librarians at Queen’s are far more likely to receive co- enced librarians [25]. authorship than simply acknowledgement in this depart- ment, although in some instances of acknowledgement There were two examples where the librarian was acknowl- it is unclear who has performed the search. This may be edged both in the body of the text and the acknowledgements a result of the influence of early adopters of systematic 42 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 review methodology in the school of Nursing, or the role the 3. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: the Joanna Briggs Institute has as a collaborating centre in the cochrane collaboration [Internet]. 2011. Available from: http:// school. Because the Joanna Briggs Institute has traditionally www.cochrane-handbook.org. [Accessed 20 October 2015.] used qualitative methods for reviews, this may place higher 4. Committee on Standards for Systematic Reviews of Com- value on the importance of a search. Nursing is also a small parative Effectiveness Research, Board on Health Care faculty, with only 24 full-time tenure/tenure-track faculty. Services, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. This may mean that faculty norms are more easily adopted. Jill Eden et al., editors. Finding what works in health care: In addition, at Queen’s the Nursing liaison librarian is standards for systematic reviews. 2011. Washington, DC: not responsible for any other faculty departments and serves National Academies Press. just one outreach location, for a relatively high librarianÁ 5. Lau JCS, Berkman N, Ratichek SJ, Balshem H; Brasure M; faculty ratio. Medicine has a much larger number of full- and Moher D. EPC response to IOM standards for systematic time faculty (approximately 450) and part-time faculty reviews. Boston (MA): Tufts Evidence Practice Center, 2013. (approximately 1200), but only 2.5 full-time equivalent Report No.: 13-EHC006-EF. liaison librarians. Although all the librarians in the health sciences library share their duties, it makes it difficult to 6. Joanna Briggs Institute, The Joanna Briggs Institute reviewers’ provide the same level of service consistently to the school manual. Adelaide (Australia): Joanna Briggs Institute, 2014. and for cultural norms to spread through the department. In 7. Montori VM, Wilczynski NL, Morgan D, Haynes RB, most instances the librarian is employed by the same Hedges T. Optimal search strategies for retrieving systematic institution as the lead author, but this was not always a reviews from Medline: analytical survey. BMJ. 2005;330 Queen’s author. (7482):68. PMID: 15619601. 8. Rethlefsen ML, Farrell AM, Osterhaus Trzasko LC, Brigham TJ. Conclusion Librarian co-authors correlated with higher quality reported search strategies in general internal medicine systematic reviews. Conducting an environmental scan of systematic reviews J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(6):617Á626. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi. can provide important insights into the development and 2014.11.025. PMID: 25766056. promotion of systematic review services at a university or other research institution. It can also provide a view of how 9. Murphy SA, Boden C. Benchmarking participation of research networks are formed. Examining which librarians Canadian university health sciences librarians in systematic reviews. J Med Libr Assoc. 2015;103(2):73Á78. doi:10.3163/ are performing systematic reviews for our researchers will 1536-5050.103.2.003. PMID: 25918485. help to target departments with a higher need for librarians with systematic review expertise, ensure workload within 10. Towheed TE. Systematic review of therapies for osteoarthritis the library is distributed equitably, and provide information of the hand. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005;13(6):455Á462. about potential collaborators, both internal and external PMID: 15922179. to the university. Future research might explore the nature 11. Godfrey C, Harrison MB, Medves J, Tranmer JE. The of these research networks to better provide service to these symptom of pain with heart failure: a systematic review. interconnected groups. As librarian acknowledgement and J Card Fail. 2006;12(4):307Á313. PMID: 16679265. co-authorship appears to vary by department, librarians can influence this decision by presenting their results in a 12. Evans C, Howes D, Pickett W, Dagnone L. Audit filters for improving processes of care and clinical outcomes in way that encourages authorship, such as by writing the trauma systems. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4): Methods section when delivering the results, or actively CD007590. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007590.pub2. PMID: requesting co-authorship when initially meeting with the 19821431. review team. 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Sinuff T, Muscedere J, Adhikari NK, Stelfox HT, Dodek P, Roadmap II: Capturing Innovation to Produce Better Health Heyland DK, et al. Knowledge translation interventions and Health Care for Canadians: Strategic Plan 2014-2015 - for critically ill patients: a systematic review. Crit Care 2018-2019. Canadian Institutes of Health Research Ottawa.; Med. 2013;41(11):2627Á2640. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829 2015. 82b03. PMID: 23939356. 2. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need syste- 16. Rittenmeyer L, Huffman D, Godfrey C. The experience of matic searchers. J Med Libr Assoc. 2005;93(1):74Á80. PMID: patients, families and/or significant others of waiting when 15685278. engaging with the healthcare system: a qualitative systematic Ross-White 43

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RESEARCH ARTICLE / ARTICLE DE RECHERCHE

Acknowledging Librarians’ Contributions to Systematic Review Searching1

Robin Desmeules2, Marlene Dorgan, and Sandy Campbell

Abstract: Introduction: Academic health librarians are increasingly involved as members of research teams that conduct systematic reviews. Sometimes librarians are co-authors on the resulting publications, sometimes they are acknowledged, and sometimes they receive no recognition. This study was designed to query librarian supervisors’ understanding of the extent to which Canadian academic health librarians are involved in systematic reviews and the manner in which their work is recognized. Methods: A survey asking 21 questions was sent to supervisors of librarians at all 17 academic health sciences libraries in Canada, querying the extent and nature of librarians’ involvement in systematic review research projects and the forms of acknowledgement that they receive. Results: Fourteen responses to the survey were received. Results show strong expectations that librarians are involved, and will be involved, in systematic review research projects. Results related to supervisors’ perceptions of the number of reviews undertaken, the amount of time required, the forms of acknowledgement received, and the professional value of systematic review searching varied greatly. Discussion: The lack of consensus among academic health librarians’ supervisors regarding most aspects of librarians’ involvement in systematic review projects, and the ways in which this work is and should be acknowledged, points to the need for research on this subject.

Introduction this work may determine whether work is supported and (or) allowed within the library. For example, supervisors Academic health librarians, as professionals with high may provide support by ensuring that their librarians have levels of skill as expert searchers, are often called upon to the autonomy, time, and administrative support to be able perform systematic review searches. The Cochrane Hand- to collaborate with researchers on systematic reviews. book for Systematic Reviews of Interventions [1], Institute Also, part of this support involves designing policies and of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Science’s procedures to help librarians negotiate with research Standards for Systematic Reviews [2] and the Canadian teams, which in turn facilitates future collaboration. Given Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [3] recommend or this supportive role, supervisors clearly play a crucial part require the involvement of librarians in systematic review in how the work of librarians on systematic reviews is search projects. Our purpose in this study was to exa- recognized and acknowledged within the workplace. mine the extent and nature of Canadian academic health Secondly, we are focusing on supervisors as other studies librarians’ activities in systematic reviews from the perspec- in progress focus primarily on the amount of work per- tive of their supervisors, focusing on: volume of reviews formed by librarians on systematic reviews, the types of completed, the length of time required to complete a review, tasks performed by librarians and credit received, and the actual tasks performed while taking part in a systematic policies and procedures with respect to receiving appropri- review project, how librarian activities in systematic review ate credit, as reported by the librarians themselves [4Á6]. projects are recognized, and whether or not the form of Our aim is not to collect specific statistics of the work of recognition is related to the volume, time, and number of librarians, but instead to use the results in this study as a tasks completed by librarians as part of a systematic review snapshot of how supervisors understand and value the project. work of their librarians on systematic reviews. We hope to We surveyed supervisors of librarians for a number of build an overview of the supervisor’s perceptions of what reasons. Firstly, the supervisor’s role is uniquely able to their librarians do, thus providing a different and comple- support and facilitate librarian collaboration on systematic mentary perspective to other studies and a basis for more reviews, which implies that how they view and understand research.

Robin Desmeules. McGill University, Montreal, QC. Sandy Campbell and Marlene Dorgan. J.W. Scott Health Sciences Library, 2K3.26 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. 1This article has been peer-reviewed. 2Corresponding author (email: [email protected])

JCHLA / JABSC 37:44Á52 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-014 Desmeules et al. 45

Literature review workloads and responsibilities of their team, as well as to build a case for further support and institutional recogni- Several studies have documented aspects of the extent tion (i.e., performance appraisals) for the growing demand and nature of librarians’ activities in systematic review for librarians to participate as members of systematic review projects [5Á8]. Overall, these studies reveal a general trend teams. By inquiring about how much time supervisors for librarians to be involved in key roles at most stages of the believe that their librarians spend on systematic reviews project. For example, Harris’ [8] observational study of a we hoped to get a better picture of how librarian supervisors librarian on a systematic review team discussed the active understand the role of systematic reviews in their librarians’ role librarians played in several stages of the process, workloads. indicating librarians worked in two major roles: as expert The question of how librarians are recognized for their searchers and as knowledge organizers. More recently, work on systematic review projects is not a new one. In Dudden and Protzko’s 2011 article “The Systematic Review 2005, McGowan and Sampson [4] pointed out that “the Team: Contributions of the Health Sciences Librarian” [6] librarian’s contribution is central” and that librarians details their research on the work of librarians on a sys- “should not be shy to negotiate authorship up front.” tematic review team. Like Harris, they found that librarians Dudden and Protzko [6] noted that “[i]f extensive work is worked as expert searchers and also as organizers and done librarians can also expect authorship status on the analyzers of the search results, involved in “communicating report of research. Librarians should be considered as methods of the review process, collaboratively formulating authors if they made major contributions to the data the research question and exclusion criteria, formulating the gathering and methodology writing.” Recently, Rethlefsen search strategy on a variety of databases, documenting et al. [11] have encouraged librarian co-authorship after the searches, record keeping, and writing the search finding that systematic reviews with librarian co-authors methodology” [6]. Murphy and Boden’s 2014 benchmark- have “higher quality reported search strategies.” Also ing study [7] explored the participation of Canadian health pointed out in the literature, is the fact that researchers sciences librarians on systematic reviews, focusing on the may not consistently acknowledge the contributions of role of the librarians, barriers to their searches, and the librarians because they misunderstand the full extent of the existence of policies and guidelines. Seeking to create a intellectual contribution: “... reviewers might not fully benchmark for the work of librarians as part of syste- appreciate, or even understand, the librarian’s intellectual matic review teams, they note that librarians were still doing contribution to the review. In fact, the librarian’s contribu- more “traditional” librarian roles (i.e., as expert searchers), tion is central. A flawed or biased search can render the as well as increasingly performing many new ones, includ- review useless, and ...a great deal of specialized knowledge ing: “disseminator, critical appraiser, report writer, pro- goes into developing a search that results in a valid evidence ject manager, project leader, data extractor, and data base” [12]. synthesizer” [7]. Gore and Jones’s 2015 article [13] details the extent of Although these studies provide important information librarian involvement in a systematic review, and it offers on the types of work librarians are doing on systematic some guidance for recognition of the librarian’s contribu- reviews, they make little mention of the forms of recogni- tion, noting that “the level of involvement in the research tion received by librarians for their work. What is more, process should guide consideration for co-authorships and while these studies point to trends in the kinds of work, librarians should make this clear from their initial meetings little mention (outside of training) is made of the with researchers, if appropriate.” Working from the institutional support that they receive to conduct this International Committee of Medical Journal Editors work. (ICJME) criteria for authorship, they also make note of While authors have discussed the roles of librarians in the ways that librarians are especially suited to work as co- systematic reviews, the IOM Standards for Systematic authors, through their ability to assume responsibility for Reviews do the best job of defining a set of tasks that the search strategy and to write the methods section of the should be undertaken for a systematic review and recom- manuscript. They also press the issue of authorship further, mend that an expert searcher should be involved for search noting that librarians should at least be given the choice planning and search review [2]. The IOM standards are the to receive an acknowledgement (or no credit at all) for primary source for the list of tasks used in our survey of their contributions to the systematic review, and also posit librarians’ supervisors. that library policy guidelines should be in place to help On the question of how much time is required to communicate terms for recognition of their work to the complete a systematic review search, Gann and Pratt [9] research team [13]. showed that in over 17 “systematic review/meta-analysis” Despite these claims of the importance of librarians searches, the average time required for completion was and their support for librarian recognition in systematic 23 hours, whereas “systematic review update[s]” required an reviews, very little has been written on what librarians average of 6 hours. Saleh et al. [10], studying 17 searchers, actually do to receive co-authorship, acknowledgement, or arrived at a similar conclusion of between 1.6 and 113 hours no mention at all. Further, little has been written on the (mean 24.28 hours) to search all resources for a systematic extent to which supervisors understand the acknowledge- review. These two studies provide a rough guide librarians ment of librarians’ work in systematic reviews. can use to communicate their workload to both the research Finally, little has been written about the extent to which team and their supervisors. Supervisors, in turn, could systematic review searching has been formalized as a potentially use these numbers to appropriately adjust the part of the normal work of academic health librarians 46 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 in Canada and the current nature of that work. How do accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are supervisors value the collaboration on a systematic review? appropriately investigated and resolved [15]. What is the expected output of librarians on a systematic The more traditionally understood work of librarians review? Are there policies and procedures in place? with a research team on a systematic review falls clearly in Librarians at the University of Waterloo have queried the the first criterion of authorship. Defining the parameters health sciences faculty on the importance and role of of a systematic review, structuring the search, adapting it librarians in the systematic review process. Their research for various databases and writing the search part of a points to the fact that health sciences faculty members at methods section of a paper are clearly all intellectual the University of Waterloo do value and understand the contributions to that paper. Although many librarians role of a librarian on a systematic review. While this study draft the search part of the methods sections of systematic is encouraging and does provide much needed insight into reviews, read the final paper, and are accountable for the our roles as expert searchers on systematic reviews, the search-related aspects of the articles to which they published findings do not discuss the kinds of recognition contribute, we are aware from our own work as expert librarians should receive for the varying types of work they searchers and through discussions with colleagues, that do [14]. Our project offers a glimpse into these questions, librarians do not always have the opportunity to fulfil the hopefully forming the basis for future discussions and final three criteria. Further, we are aware that librarians research. who fulfill all four criteria are sometimes included as The importance of the perspective of librarian super- authors, sometimes acknowledged in an acknowledge- visors has been recently discussed in the literature. Gore and ments section, and sometimes not mentioned at all. Jones [13], in their primer for managers, detail the impor- tance and relevance of the work of a librarian on a Methods systematic review, since “senior administrators and library managers must fully understand the steps involved in a A survey of 21 questions was developed on Google systematic review or research synthesis, and the issues and Forms and tested in-house prior to launch in the spring of opportunities that these methodologies raise in the use 2015. Question formats included: Yes/No, Likert scales, of library services and resources. Library leaders need to select from list and open-ended, fill-in-the-blank (see understand how the growing popularity of systematic Supplementary Appendix 1). A description of the project reviews is impacting librarians so that services and resources and draft survey questions received ethics approval. The can be planned and delivered accordingly.” Moreover, Gore survey and a cover letter explaining the project was sent by and Jones [13] also discuss issues with respect to how email to the heads of the 17 academic health libraries in systematic reviews are valued in tenure decisions, noting Canada, via the Association of Faculties of Medicine in that institutional climate and lack of familiarity with the Canada Library Group’s email list. To boost participation, methodology of a systematic review are two key barriers to the survey was subsequently sent to the Canadian Health the inclusion of this output for tenure purposes. They also Libraries Association email list, with the email directed to note “for librarians as well as their supervisors, it may be up supervisors of professional librarians. Respondents were for debate whether collaboration in systematic reviews given two weeks to respond. Anonymous survey responses should count as part of librarians’ core responsibilities or were printed and responses to each question were collated. as scholarly activity.” This paper not only grounds itself in Numerical responses were tallied. Text responses were the research on the need for expert searchers, but targeting reviewed to identify themes, which were assigned colours. library leaders also underscores the important role they play Coloured markers were used to highlight themes as they in shaping librarians’ work. By examining the views of occurred. Numbers of occurrences were tallied for each supervisors of academic health sciences libraries in Canada, theme. we hope to expand this conversation between librarians and management, particularly with respect to developing poli- Results cies and guidelines to support librarians in their work. Fourteen responses to the survey were returned. Not Defining authorship all respondents answered every question, so the number of results for each question varies from the total number of The ICJME makes recommendations on what consti- surveys returned. Questions 1Á4 characterized the levels tutes authorial contribution to a research paper and what of librarian activity in researching and systematic review does not. ICJME lists four criteria, all of which must be searching as a research activity. For most of the respon- met for an individual to be an author: dents, conducting research is a part of the librarians’ contract or job description (Figure 1). All (100%, n  14) “ Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the respondents indicated that librarians at their library of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpre- participated in teaching systematic review searching and tation of data for the work; AND (or) participated in systematic review projects (Figure 2). “ Drafting the work or revising it critically for impor- Sixty-four percent of respondents reported that most or all tant intellectual content; AND of their librarians participated in systematic review pro- “ Final approval of the version to be published; AND jects (Figure 3) and 71% indicated that participating in “ Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of such projects was a normal part of their librarians’ work the work in ensuring that questions related to the (Figure 4). Desmeules et al. 47

Questions 5Á10 and 12 asked about various aspects of matic reviews increasing, whereas 78% predicted that the the work of librarians as co-authors of systematic reviews. increase would be rapid (Figure 8). All but one respondent All respondents (100%, n  14) indicated that their lib- (92%) expected that their librarians would be co-authors rarians communicate with researchers about co-authorship on systematic reviews (Figure 9). on systematic reviews. The form of communication varies, Questions 13 through 20 investigated the amount of with verbal negotiation at the first meeting and the writing time and effort librarians are or should be investing of co-authorship into grant proposals being the methods in systematic review searches and research projects, as used most often (Table 1). Most of the supervisors indi- well as the functions performed as part of a systematic cated that librarians reporting to them are acknowledged review project team. Supervisors were asked to estimate or listed as co-authors “most of the time” or “all of the how much time librarians spend on a single systematic time” (Figure 5). In general, when thinking about perfor- review when they are co-authoring, being acknowledged, mance evaluation, pay incrementation, tenure, and pro- or given no acknowledgement. Overall, supervisors ex- motion, supervisors valued librarian co-authorship more pected that librarians would spend more time on the than acknowledgements (Figure 6). systematic review if they were co-authors, less if they were Most of the supervisors viewed library and information being acknowledged only, and even less if there was to be studies research authorship as equally valuable or more no mention of their involvement (Figure 10). valuable when compared with co-authorship on systematic reviews (Figure 7). Most (85%) see the demand for syste- Fig. 3. If you or your librarians participate in teaching systematic Fig. 1. Is conducting and publishing research a part of the review searching or participate in systematic review projects, how librarians’ contract or job description with your organization? many of your librarians participate in systematic review projects?

Fig. 2. Do you or your professional librarians participate in Fig. 4. Is participating in systematic reviews projects part of your teaching systematic review searching or participate in systematic librarians’ normal work? review projects? 48 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Table 1. If your librarians communicate with researchers about When asked how many systematic reviews a librarian co-authorship on systematic reviews, please explain how this should complete in a single year, whether as a co-author or information is communicated with the researcher? when only being acknowledged, there was little consensus. For co-authored reviews, the range was from 1 to 10, Negotiated verbally at first meeting 12 with about half of the supervisors suggesting selecting 2 Written into grant proposal 8 reviews as reasonable (Figure 11). For reviews in which the Search protocol form addresses 5 librarian was not a co-author, the range was from 1 to 200 Search policy form addresses 1 (Figure 12). Faculty offers acknowledgement or authorship 1 The supervisors were asked to choose the activities from a list that librarians should be undertaking as part of a research project, first if co-authoring and then if receiving only an acknowledgement. The list of activities was selected Fig. 5. Are the librarians whom you supervise normally acknow- from IOM’s Standards for Systematic Reviews checklist. ledged or listed as co-authors or for their work on a systematic Of the 16 activities listed, supervisors of co-authoring review? librarians thought that they should be undertaking all of the tasks that are normally associated with the search phase of a systematic review project, beginning with planning the strategy as well as reviewing and approving the final draft (Table 2). For those librarians receiving only an acknowl- edgement or no recognition, the most frequently cited expectation is that the librarian will plan the search, execute it, export references, and remove duplicates. However, only half of the respondents indicated that the librarian would undertake any tasks in addition to planning the search with the client. Question 21 asked the supervisors for further comments. The comments received varied greatly. Some of the par- ticipants commented on the fact that complexities of systematic review searching made it difficult for them to fit their experiences to the questions asked. For example, one participant commented that in answering the question about number of searches done per year, the answers were based on “participate in,” rather than “complete,” because many reviews take more than a year to complete. Another noted that “acknowledgement is a mixed bag and doesn’t always carry the same resonance as co-authorship in terms

Fig. 6. How much do you, as a supervisor, value acknowledgements or co-authorship on publications with respect to performance evaluation, pay incrementation, and (or) tenure and promotion, with 1  not at all and 5  very highly? Desmeules et al. 49

Fig. 7. Librarians contribute to scholarship both in library Fig. 9. Do you expect that your librarians will be co-authors on and information studies (LIS) and as a member of a systematic systematic reviews? review team. Do you, as a supervisor, think that authorship on publications in LIS is more or less important for tenure and promotion than co-authorship on systematic reviews?

increase in demand may stem either from an increased awareness of the need for librarians as expert searchers and the important role they play in systematic review searching, or it may simply be the result of an increase in the number Fig. 8. Do you see the demand for systematic review services to of systematic reviews being performed by researchers. be increasing/decreasing? Our survey results also reveal a pattern, if not consensus, in the list of tasks that librarians are expected to complete when undertaking a systematic review. This pattern is also consistent with many of the findings of other studies, which also note that librarians should be part of the development of the search strategy, translation of the search across data- bases, and often some form of management of the citations found in the search [7, 11]. There is little consistency or consensus in our survey results with regard to how supervisors understand what their librarians do for co-authorship, for acknowledge- ment, or for no formal credit. Some supervisors expect their librarians who are fully involved from defining the project through to writing the search methods to be full authors, whereas supervisors of others who do the same level of work do not necessarily expect them to receive any acknowledgement at all. There are several possible reasons for this variability. For one, it may simply be a matter of supervisors not being comfortable answering for their of quality of the final project.” Another commented that librarians, particularly since they are likely not with the “steps involved in various types of SRs [systematic their librarians when they negotiate with faculty on their reviews] could be very variable.” Finally, one suggested systematic review involvement. The variance in results that there “should be an international guideline about might also be the result of supervisors not having detailed authorship in SRs.” knowledge of the extent of the relationships that librarians are able to develop with individual research teams, which Discussion may affect the librarians’ ability to leverage recognition for their work. The feedback given by the supervisors in the It is apparent from the responses to this survey that, final survey question also points to a potential ambiva- across Canada, supervisors of academic health librarians lence toward being acknowledged, versus being listed as expect that their librarians will be involved in systematic co-author, given the fact that acknowledgements are not reviews and that the demand for reviews is increasing. always consistently valued. Whatever the reasons for this This finding is consistent with findings from other studies lack of consensus, it does point to the need for a larger mentioned in this article, as well as with our own discussion within the profession. It is our hope that this experiences and the experiences of our colleagues. This study will stimulate that conversation. 50 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Fig. 10. Estimated average time spent, in hours, by librarians on systematic review searches, depending on level of recognition.

Fig. 11. What is a reasonable number of systematic reviews for a Fig. 12. What is a reasonable number of systematic reviews for a librarian to complete in a single year, as a co-author? librarian to complete in a single year, if they are only receiving an acknowledgement?

Further, we recognize that some of the questions, parti- cularly those in which we asked supervisors to estimate, may have led to some skewing of data and that including Limitations of this study a “don’t know” option for more of the questions might have revealed a clearer picture of the knowledge base of the There were a few limits to this study. For one, this study respondents. Also, the numbers recorded by the super- is limited by the size of the potential study group. While visors may not be an accurate portrayal of the work of the response rate of our target group (82%) is high our their librarians, but rather guesses. Nevertheless, the res- actual target population was small (17 people). Although ponses gathered are still useful to gain insight into how we believe that there was an adequate response from supervisors understand the work involved, and will hope- our target population, and we feel confident that we can fully spark more dialogue on this important topic. Future apply our findings in the context of the understanding of endeavours to continue this discussion will be more supervisors, we do acknowledge that the small overall size nuanced. of the respondents could limit the applicability of some of A final limitation to the general applicability of our the responses to other groups. results is the variation in the extent to which supervisors Desmeules et al. 51

Table 2. The Institute of Medicine lists a number of required activities to complete when conducting a systematic review search. What tasks would a librarian typically undertake for a systematic review when being listed as co-author, when receiving an acknowledgement or when receiving no formal credit?*

Co-author Acknowledged No formal credit Plan search strategy with research team 14 12 12 Have search strategy peer reviewed 10 6 6 Execute search of selected databases 11 7 7 Search for literature by important authors 9 6 5 Execute search for literature cited by eligible studies 11 6 5 Execute search of grey literature databases, clinical trial registries, 13 5 4 and other sources of unpublished information about studies Remove duplicate articles 12 6 5 Hand search selected journals and conference abstracts 4 0 2 Write search methodology for paper 12 2 4 Review and approve final draft 6 1 1 Screen and select studies 2 0 0 Critical appraisal of articles 1 0 0 Provide search strategies as an appendix 1 1 0 Mentor research assistants on methodology 1 1 0 Troubleshoot access to articles via Á inter-library loan and citation issues 1 0 0 Contact study sponsors and others to submit unpublished data 1 0 0 Not sure Á isn’t practiced here 0 1 0 Instruct research team member who is doing the search 0 1 1 Provide training and mentorship on research methods 0 0 1 *Respondents could have multiple answers and could write in alternate answers, so the total number of responses is greater than the total number of respondents. may influence tenure and promotion decisions. In some to be shared with faculty, and generally working towards academic libraries, supervisors have direct influence, making appropriate recognition for librarian contribution whereas in others supervisors make recommendations to standard practice in the workplace. One of the respondents administrators or committees who make the decisions. recommended that the ICJME guidelines be adapted for Whether they have a direct role or not, because supervisors librarians working in systematic review projects. We have and managers are in more senior administrative positions begun initial work in this area and will be validating that in they are able to influence institutional policies in ways that future research. their teams cannot. Further, many supervisors and man- Moreover, it has come to our attention that the process agers define which activities are given priority in their own of negotiating authorship with research teams is an un- library units. Their perception of the value of systematic comfortable task for some librarians. Keeping in mind the review work will influence the level of support that they role of supervisors and how they may provide support, as give to their librarians to do this work. Moreover, their well as developing tools and (or) documentation, it is our perception of the value of systematic review work is an intention to investigate how to help librarians approach important insight unto itself, and may also reflect the these negotiations more confidently. institutional climate. Finally we recognize that this study is underpowered in being restricted to supervisors; however, given that the Future research research to this point has focused largely on the perspec- tive of librarians undertaking systematic review searches, This study has revealed a number of gaps that we intend our work provides a complementary perspective. Further to examine in future research. One potential direction in research on this topic might be expanded to librarian which librarians and their supervisors may work could searchers, as well as those who work outside of academic be in the development of guidelines and policies to help librarians negotiate authorship. For librarians to receive environments. appropriate recognition for the intellectual property that they invest in systematic review projects, supervisors must Conclusion be prepared to support them in this endeavor. Helping librarians negotiate appropriate credit for their work may The purpose of this study was to survey supervisors of involve many different tactics, such as communicating to Canadian academic health librarians to develop an under- senior library management the value of the intellectual standing about the extent and nature of their librarians’ work involved in systematic reviews, drafting work ex- involvement in systematic review search projects, to pectations that include systematic review co-authorship, understand how their librarians are currently acknowl- encouraging librarians to discuss authorship and acknow- edged for their work in systematic review searching, and to ledgements with research teams, developing formalized understand how their work in systematic review searching communications about systematic review co-authorship is valued by their supervisors. 52 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

The results of our survey show strong expectations that reviews. J Med Libr Assoc. 2014;103(2):73Á78. doi: 10.3163/ librarians are involved, and will continue to be involved, in 1536-5050.103.2.003. systematic review research projects. The lack of consensus 8. Harris MR. The librarian’s roles in the systematic review among academic health librarians’ supervisors regarding process: a case study. J Med Libr Assoc. 2005;93(1):81Á87. most aspects of librarians’ involvement in systematic review projects and the ways in which this work is and 9. Gann LB, Pratt GF. Using library search service metrics should be acknowledged, points to the need for more to demonstrate library value and manage workload. J Med research on this subject. Our survey is an important step in Libr Assoc. 2013;101(3):227Á229. doi: 10.3163/1536-5050. this direction. 101.3.015. 10. Saleh AA, Ratajeski MA, Bertolet M. Grey literature Acknowledgements searching for health sciences systematic reviews: a prospective study of time spent and resources utilized. Evid Based Libr Inf The authors would like to thank Erin Sanderman for her help Pract. 2014;9(3):28Á50. doi: 10.18438/B8DW3K. with the figures in this article. 11. Rethlefsen ML, Farrell AM, Trzasko LCO, Brigham TJ. References Librarian co-authors correlated with higher quality reported search strategies in general internal medicine systematic 1. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015;68(6):617Á626. doi: 10.1016/j. [Internet]. 2015 [updated 17 Apr 2015; cited 23 Nov 2015]. jclinepi.2014.11.025. Available from: http://community.cochrane.org/handbook 12. Haines T, McKnight L, Duku E, Perry L, Thoma A. The 2. Standards for systematic reviews [Internet]. IOM (Institute of role of systematic reviews in clinical research and practice. Medicine); 2015 [updated 19 Aug 2015; cited 25 Nov 2015]. Clin Plast Surg. 2008;35(2):207Á214. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2007. Available from: https://iom.nationalacademies.org/Reports/ 10.003. 2011/Finding-What-Works-in-Health-Care-Standards-for-Sys- 13. Gore GC, Jones J. Systematic reviews and librarians: a primer tematic-Reviews/Standards.aspx for managers. Partnership Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. 2015; 3. A guide to knowledge synthesis [Internet]; 2010 [updated 10(1):1. doi: 10.21083/partnership.v10i1.3343. 8 Apr 2010; cited 29 Nov 2015]. Available from: http:// 14. Davies M, Gordon S, Hutchinson R. Systematic reviews www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/41382.html and the evolving role of Liaisons. A Universe of Possibilities, 4. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic 20th Annual Super Conference of the Ontario Library searchers. J Med Libr Assoc. 2005;93(1):74Á80. Association; Toronto, ON, Canada; 29 JanÁ1 Feb 2014. 2014 [cited 23 Nov 2015] Available from: http://dysartjones. 5. Crum JA, Cooper ID. Emerging roles for biomedical librar- com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/ID-75-Systematic-Reviews- ians: a survey of current practice, challenges, and changes. J and-Librarians.jpg Med Libr Assoc. 2013;101(4):278Á286. doi:10.3163/1536-5050. 101.4.009. 15. Defining the role of authors and contributors [Internet]: ICJME 6. Dudden RF, Protzko SL. The systematic review team: con- (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors); 2015 tributions of the health sciences librarian. Med Ref Serv Q. [cited 23 Nov 2015]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/ 2011;30(3):301Á315. doi: 10.1080/02763869.2011.590425. recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defin- ing-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#two 7. Murphy SA, Boden C. Benchmarking participation of Canadian university health sciences librarians in systematic 53

RESEARCH ARTICLE / ARTICLE DE RECHERCHE

What Not to Keep: Not All Data Have Future Research Value1

Janice Yu Chen Kung2 and Sandy Campbell

Abstract: The rise of academic library involvement in research data management has presented numerous challenges for academic libraries. Although libraries and archives have always had collection development policies that defined what they would or would not collect, policies for selecting research data for preservation are in their infancy. This study surveyed and interviewed health sciences academic researchers. From this research an initial list of eight types of health research data were identified as data that should not be preserved and made public. These include research data that are: sensitive or confidential; proprietary; easily replicable; do not have good metadata; test, pilot, or intermediate data; bad or junk data; data that cannot be used by others for a variety of reasons; and older data that are not used and have no obvious cultural or historical value. Conclusions drawn from the study will help librarians and archivists make informed decisions about which types of research data are worth keeping.

Introduction benefit to their own fields of research, fields other than their own and society at large” [1]. They also recognize that Data curation and data preservation go hand in hand “data must be managed with all commercial, legal and in that they both manage data through its lifecycle to ethical obligations” [1] and that “not all data may need ensure that datasets are retrievable for validation purposes to be shared or preserved” [1]. Various scholarly studies or future use. The rise of research data management in have broadly reviewed aspects of academic research data health sciences has created new challenges for academic including the kinds of data created, how researchers libraries and archives. Due to increasing pressures from manage data, barriers to data curation, and how libraries government agencies and regulatory bodies to adopt open and archives can support researchers in managing their data policies, information professionals and researchers data [2, 3]. However, they do not address criteria for data face new challenges related to how data should be man- that should not be kept. Further, these studies were not aged during and after research projects and what types of specific to academic health research environments. data should be preserved. Based on the Canadian Tri-Agency Several organizations have published guidelines for the (Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the retention of data. The United States National Oceanic Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which preserves Canada (NSERC), and the Social Sciences and Humanities atmospheric and oceanic data, developed guidelines for Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)) statement on preservation of data. The guidelines are informed by digital data management, the federal granting agencies several factors including: the evaluation of societal bene- are fostering “open science” whereby future researchers fits, the uniqueness of the data, and consultation with can access publicly funded research data and results for external groups such as the broader community and other reuse [1]. When libraries consider which data should and agencies [4]. NOAA cites several kinds of data that should should not be kept, it is usually with the intent that the not be preserved: obsolete or redundant data, data for preserved data will be made open for use by future which storage costs exceed the cost of reproducing or researchers. regenerating the data, data that have little value once the The Tri-Agency principles recommend that in deciding project ends, and multiple versions including raw data and what data to share and preserve, researchers consider “the manipulated data [4]. Further, Tjalsma and Rombouts [5] data needed to validate research findings and results, describe pre-conditions that must be met for data to be support replication and reuse and consider the potential preserved. These include usability of the data formats;

Janice Yu Chen Kung. John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, 2K3.26 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. Sandy Campbell. John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, 2K3.26 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. 1This article has been peer-reviewed. 2Corresponding author (email: [email protected])

JCHLA / JABSC 37:53Á57 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-013 54 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 adequacy of metadata; whether the data is raw, intermedi- Fig. 1. Survey respondents by discipline. ate, or published; clarity on intellectual property rights including copyrights, patent, and privacy; and availability of appropriate infrastructure, and preservation costs [5]. Data not meeting these criteria would not be preserved. Although these guidelines and recommendations are helpful to libraries and archives for the development of policy, they are presented from an institutional perspective, and again, are not specific to health research data. Our study was designed to investigate researcher attitudes and elicit information about what kinds of data academic health researchers think should not be kept by libraries and archives for the purpose of reuse.

Methods

The researchers conducted a qualitative study in two phases, rooted in grounded theory [6]. Ethics approval was granted by the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board 1 for both phases. In the first phase, an anonymous survey was sent electronically to the University of Alberta health sciences community through faculty and department list- servs including the Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Public Health, Departments of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, and De- adjunct/clinician. Figure 1 outlines the faculties with which partment of Medicine. The survey, accompanied by an the respondents were affiliated. information letter describing the project, was administered Findings from the survey indicate that eight of re- from February to March 2015. The information letter can searchers had permanently preserved data in institutional be seen in Supplementary Appendix A and the complete list repositories, on personal servers, or as supplementary of the questions in Supplementary Appendix B. Responses material in publications. Almost half of the researchers garnered from the survey helped inform the questions for (9 respondents) were in possession of data that could not be the next phase of the project. published due to confidentiality or proprietary concerns. In the second phase, between April and June 2015, the The majority, 15 respondents, think that some data should researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with sur- not be preserved permanently, for example pilot data and un-validated data. Of the 22 respondents, 10 indicated that vey respondents who self-identified and expressed interest they were aware of risks or problems that might be inherent in providing additional information. Because the survey in permanently preserving research datasets. Some exam- responses were anonymous, participants were asked to pro- ples included liability issues when working with patient vide contact information to inform the project team that data, security, and confidentiality challenges. they were amenable to being interviewed. Using conve- Eight researchers participated in the interviews affiliated nience sampling, the researchers also approached faculty with each of the following disciplines: Public Health (1), members and health sciences researchers with whom they Cell Biology (1), Medicine (4), and Nursing (2). In addi- had had previous working relationships to recruit more tion to being researchers, data creators, and users in their participants. At the beginning of each interview, the parti- own right, three of the participants had further responsi- cipants were given an information letter describing the bilities with research data. Two were departmental data project, and the purposes of the project were reviewed repository administrators and one managed research in a verbally with them. They were also asked to review and sign department. permission forms to allow the interviews to be audio In addition to recording the interviews, interviewers recorded. Samples of the information letter and permission also took notes to confirm the conversation captured in forms are in Supplementary Appendix A. For a complete the audio recording. Interview transcripts and notes were list of the interview questions, see Supplementary Appendix reviewed to identify references to types of data that should C. Qualitative content analysis was used to conceptualize not be preserved by the libraries and archives. Two re- the data by identifying major themes. With the application searchers (SC and JK) reviewed the transcripts and of inductive coding, the researchers concurrently collected interviewer notes to identify themes related to data that and analyzed data during both phases. should not be kept. Related comments were then grouped into eight categories of health research data that research- Results ers thought should not be preserved and made public. These categories are presented here in alphabetical order: There were 22 survey respondents: 15 faculty members, bad or junk data; data that are easily replicable; data that 2 clinical instructors, 1 graduate student, 1 undergra- cannot be used by others; data without good metadata; duate student, 1 research fellow, 1 research assistant, and 1 older data that are not used and have no obvious cultural Kung and Campbell 55 or historical value; pilot, test, or intermediate data; Data that are easily replicable proprietary data not owned by the researcher; and sensitive There are instances where the cost effectiveness of or confidential data. regenerating data on demand makes data preservation A ninth theme that arose from the data concerns the impractical. One of the interview participants indicated importance of involving data creators in the data manage- that data collected through citation analysis projects are ment lifecycle. easy to regenerate so there is no need to keep the infor- mation. Similarly, with systematic reviews, researchers Bad or junk data provide replicable search strategies for databases, describe Bad or junk data implies that the data are not usable or the datasets they use, and any manipulations they do to the reusable by researchers. McCallum [2] describes bad data as data, but they do not keep all intermediate datasets. data that have missing values, have malformed records, and In cases such as these, as the NOAA criteria point out are stored in problematic file formats. One of the interview [4], it makes more economic sense to recollect data at the subjects, a cell biologist, considered bad or junk data as time of need rather than expending resources to preserve data collected without rigorous methodology or a scientific the dataset. approach. For instance, experiments can be contaminated Data without good metadata due to factors including temperature, equipment failure, or Savage and Vickers [7] argue that sometimes the ability human error, thus compromising the data. Researchers to reuse datasets is hindered in part by suboptimal meta- would record such instances in their lab notebooks, but the data. Descriptive metadata must accompany research data data itself would have no research value. to ensure that future researchers will be able to understand and interpret the dataset. Therefore, datasets are not worth Data that cannot be used by others preserving if the metadata are incomplete, not standard- There are several reasons that prevent data from being ized, inaccurate, or inconsistently applied. This echoes one used by researchers, either by the data generators them- of Tjalsma’s and Rombouts’ pre-conditions [5]. One of the selves or by secondary data users. When datasets are too interview participants claimed that only 2% of the collect- specific to be combined with other datasets, it prevents ed data from his research would ever be published but he researchers from manipulating them in a meaningful way. felt that the remaining 98% would still be useful if someone Some data require proprietary software that might not be applied metadata to it. However, limited staffing resources available to future researchers. A researcher from the School preclude this, making use of the data by secondary users of Public Health provided insight into the challenges with very difficult. He pointed out that there are no rewards at using NVivo, a proprietary software used for qualitative the annual faculty evaluation review for the application of studies, especially with the upgrade from Version 9 to 10. metadata to unanalyzed data. She stated: Older data that are not used and have no obvious NVivo, they change their format and as soon as they cultural or historical value change their format you don’t have access to your analysis The concept of finite space for storage and preservation in their other platform unless you keep a copy of that is not unique to physical libraries; it applies to digital platform on a computer. So people can actually lose access collections as well. According to the guidelines from to their own analysis to that level of data because, five years NOAA, obsolete or redundant data should not be archived from now, NVivo’s going to have a different format. [4]. Since server space and administrative costs are not infinite, NOAA also recommended reducing access to There may be work arounds and alternative solutions to older or less commonly used data rather than removing accessing analyzed data hidden behind proprietary soft- data from the archive [4]. Not all data are valued equally so ware, but such barriers to access would pose challenges to it is necessary to evaluate the current and potential future future researchers such as additional costs required to research value of datasets to assess the feasibility of migrate files to the latest version. If the library cannot archiving and access requirements to those that are less afford to maintain older versions of proprietary software well used. Data that cover short periods of time, small that are required to read old data files, then the data files samples, and have no cultural or historical content would should not be preserved. have less future use than longitudinal data, large studies, Other data that cannot be used by other researchers are and culturally based studies. Although some data are not data that require knowledge of the context in which it was used regularly, caution must be observed when weeding generated to be fully understood and appreciated. A and additional criteria need to be applied. The literature researcher working with Indigenous youth described how considers any data with historical value as “heritage” [5], only being in the environment, listening to the youth over including data that support the history of science or time, and understanding their body language as they cultural heritage. spoke, made the stories that they told meaningful. Another researcher looking at the data without that contextual Pilot, test, or intermediate data knowledge could not fully understand it. Qualitative re- Data derived from instrument testing or trial runs have search and, to a certain extent, quantitative research are little future research value since they are used for calibrat- context specific. Without the proper documentation and ing lab equipment and testing the data collection methods background knowledge, there would be little value in to ensure that the results will answer the research questions permanently preserving this data collection and making appropriately. Sometimes there are so many iterations of it available to other researchers. data generated while developing a method that they are 56 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 only retained during the test phase, and they may not be Tri-Agency Open Access Policy [10] and guidelines devel- documented as thoroughly as the data collected during the oped by Research Data Canada that explore similar full-scale project. Another researcher was adamant that issues on metadata, privacy, confidentiality, and version only raw data should be kept, along with a very detailed control [12]. description of what manipulations had been done to achieve the final research outcomes. In his opinion, all A ninth theme: community involvement in data management intermediate data should be discarded if not required for In the analysis, an important ninth theme emerged from validation. This aligns with Tjalsma and Rombouts’ [5] the interviews with researchers that was not a category of view to use primary data over secondary data for verifica- data, but rather related to the need to involve users who tion purposes, when there is a need to recreate the envi- create and deposit datasets in the decision-making process. ronment from which the analyses were initially performed. This is one of NOAA’s recommendations, as well [4]. Data creators must be involved in data preparation, such as the Proprietary data creation of metadata. This is also true when depositing Proprietary data appeared in both the survey responses and weeding datasets in the data management lifecycle des- and the researcher interviews. This is a category that is cribed by NOAA (see Figure 2). The two red stars repre- well-understood in academic environments. For example, sent two decision points in the data management lifecycle the University of Exeter in its guidelines confirms that data whereby decisions particularly require the user community’s do not have to be released to the public if there input. are commercial factors to consider [8]. The Tri-Agencies also recognize the importance of recognizing “commercial, legal, and ethical obligations” [1]. Often researchers do not Discussion have ownership rights to the data with which they are Although we recognize that the list of eight types of data working but, rather, are working with data that have been is probably not exhaustive, it does represent the kinds of released under contract by companies or organizations for data that academic health researchers in the study identi- a particular research project. Sometimes these data are fied as data that should not be preserved and made open supplied with the understanding that they will be used for reuse. All libraries and archives have guidelines defining by one individual or one research team only. A notable the kinds of materials that they will and will not collect. example is drug information that comes from pharmaceu- This list will aid in the development of libraries and tical companies released to academic scholars for research archives collections policies with regard to which research purposes. If the researchers are unable to ever make these data will and will not be kept. The ninth theme that data public, then there is no purpose for academic libraries emerged, the importance of the involvement of the original and archives to preserve them once the researcher has creators and owners of the data is a reminder that no finished working with them and the period for validation matter what inclusion and exclusion policies are estab- of results is over. lished, library and archival data repositories need to work Sensitive or confidential data closely with their communities to ensure the viability and The issue of confidential data was raised both by continued usefulness of the data that they collect. respondents to the survey and by interview participants. The limitations of the study include the survey’s low When research involving human subjects is being con- response rate and the potential bias from the interview ducted, ethics agreements often define when data must respondents, as more than half of the interview par- be destroyed (for example, five years after collection). ticipants were contacted directly by the researchers based Researchers must abide by these restrictions. Participant on previous working relationships with them. As a result, consent forms may also assure participants of the data the participants may not be representative of all health destruction date. In the age of digital curation, it is critical sciences researchers at the University of Alberta or to ensure “conformance to funder requirements and elsewhere. The categories of data types that should not managing institutional risk and liability” [9]. Funding be archived grew out of the two authors’ analysis of the agencies also recognize the importance of maintaining the interview and survey results and were finalized through privacy of certain data. The Tri-Agency Open Access Policy consensus. Although some of the categories exist in the stipulates that there are some types of data that CIHR- examples provided by the literature, it is possible that other supported researchers do not have to archive, including researchers might group commentaries into other distinct personal or sensitive data and administrative, clinical, and categories. longitudinal data [10]. The Open Access and Data Curation Future research arising from this study would include a Team from the University of Exeter affirms this practice by study of the applicability of these guidelines to library and acknowledging funders’ requirements in the United Kingdom archival data preservation and storage for data generated as well as the need to adhere to the Data Protection Act, in disciplines other than the health sciences. which protects individuals from being identified from those data and other pertinent information [8]. Dryad, an Conclusions international data repository, further supports the privacy of confidential and sensitive data by not accepting data This study further defines, from a sample of health submissions in which human subject data have not been researchers’ points of view, which data should not or anonymized [11]. Data preservation policies by government cannot be maintained in libraries and archives for the and funding agencies must be acknowledged, such as the purpose of being made open for reuse. From the survey we Kung and Campbell 57

Fig. 2. NOAA’s data management lifecycle [4].

learned that researchers are aware of the need to preserve 6. Corbin J, Strauss A. Grounded theory research: procedures, data, but are also aware of data that should not be canons, and evaluative criteria. Qual Sociol. 1990;13(1):3. preserved. From the interviews we learned in more detail doi: 10.1007/BF00988593. about the characteristics of data that should not be per- 7. Savage CJ, Vickers AJ. Empirical study of data sharing by manently preserved. authors publishing in PLoS journals. PLoS One. 2009;4(9): To date, a comprehensive preservation policy does not e7078 [cited 25 Nov 2015]. Available from: http://www.plosone. exist for curating datasets in the health sciences domain. org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007078 This study is a contribution to the establishment of more detailed library and archival best practices, policies, 8. Cole G, Lloyd-Jones H, Evans J. What to keep/delete: how and procedures for the preservation of health research to appraise your data (RDP). PPT presented at Exeter, data, specifically by identifying which data should not be University of Exeter; 2013 [cited 25 Nov 2015]. Available preserved. from: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8241 9. Lynch C. The next generation of challenges in the curation References of scholarly data. In: Research data management: practical strategies for information professionals. West Lafayette (IN): 1. Government of Canada. Draft tri-agency statement of princi- Purdue University Press; 2013. p. 395Á408. ples on digital data management [Internet]. Ottawa (Canada): Science.gc.ca; 2015 [cited 17 Oct 2015]. Available from: http:// 10. Government of Canada. Frequently asked questions [Inter- www.science.gc.ca/default.asp?langEn&n83F7624E-1 net]. Ottawa, Canada: Science.gc.ca.; 2015 [cited 2 Nov 2015]. Available from: http://www.science.gc.ca/default.asp?lang 2. McCallum QE. Bad data handbook. Sebastopol (CA): O’Reilly; En&nA30EBB24-1 2012. 245 p. 11. Dryad. Templates for correspondence [Internet]. Potentially 3. McLure M, Level AV, Cranston CL, et al. Data curation: a inappropriate files: human subject data; [revised 24 Sept 2015; study of researcher practices and needs. Libr Acad. 2014;14(2): cited 25 Nov 2015]. Available from: http://wiki.datadryad.org 139Á164. doi: 10.1353/pla.2014.0009. /Templates_for_Correspondence#Potentially_inappropriate_ 4. Environmental data management at NOAA: archiving, steward- files:_Human_subject_data ship, and access. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 12. Research Data Canada. Strategic documents [Internet]. In: 2007 [cited 25 Nov 2015]. Available from: http://www.nap. Guidelines for the deposit and preservation of research data in edu/catalog/12017.html Canada. Ottawa (Canada); 2016; [cited 7 Feb 2016]. Available 5. Tjalsma H, Rombouts J. Selection of research data: guidelines from: http://www.rdc-drc.ca/resources/ for appraising and selecting research data.DenHaag:Stichting SURF; 2011. 58

BOOK REVIEW / CRITIQUE DE LIVRE

Aboriginal and Visible Minority Librarians: Oral Histo- many Aboriginal people cannot leave their communities for ries from Canada. Deborah Lee, Mahalakshmi Kumaran, a myriad of reasons. As one might imagine, the experience of editors. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 2014. 231 p. an Aboriginal librarian in a large, urban setting at a research ISBN 978-1442236813. Price: $93.00. Available from: university is fantastically different than that of an Aboriginal https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442236813/Aboriginal-and- librarian in an Aboriginal community, despite both libraries Visible-Minority-Librarians-Oral-Histories-from-Canada. purporting to serve similar groups. Throughout Aboriginal and Visible Minority Librarians, we are offered the opportu- Those of us with an interest in the role race and ethni- nity to broaden our perception of what being Aboriginal or city play in our workplaces and communities recognize a visible minority means in our field. that libraries have a problem with diversity. Most Canadian This book’s 18 chapters share stories from nine Aborigi- libraries are not diverse workplaces. The lack of diversity nal librarians and nine librarians who identify as visible in libraries is recognized by many in our field. Individual minorities. We hear from librarians of all spheres: special librarians unhappy with the status quo have developed libraries, academic libraries, reserve libraries, public librar- social media campaigns like #LibrariesSoWhite to draw ies, and more. These librarians “speak of their connections attention to lack of diversity in the workplace and have to their individual communities” identifying authors as written thoughtful blog posts [1] about the importance of Filipino, Cree, Metis, Indian, or Jamaican and a variety of diversity and non-white librarians. More importantly, work- Aboriginal groups (K. Lawson). This book benefits greatly places have begun to utilize “diversity statements” designed through exploring what it means to be a visible minority to encourage applications from visible minorities, Aborigi- librarian through the lens of different individual experi- nal people, women, etc. However, little is being done at the ences, while highlighting the similarities of experience that pre-MLIS stage to engage so-called diverse students to exist for this group. For example, visible minority librarians library schools, and even less is being done to attract these have “often come from working-class backgrounds, have students to specialized fields such as health librarianship. faced many socioeconomic barriers ...and are often ...the Census data from 2006 build a devastating picture of first university graduates in the family” (M. Weasel Fat). diversity in Canadian libraries*at that time only 9.7% of Even when entering the profession with relevant education, librarians identified as being a visible minority [2]. In a immigrant librarians struggle with acknowledgement of 2014 survey of Canadian librarians, 12.1% of respondents their international qualifications; Indian-educated librarian reported identifying as either Aboriginal or as visible/racial Ganga B. Dakshinamurti provided a very practical example minorities, still well below what might be expected based of how visible minority and internationally trained infor- on national labour force statistics [3]. In spite of hard data, mation professionals can be disenfranchised in our current colloquial conversations, and social pressure surrounding educational framework. I saw this particular story as a call these issues, there exists a paucity of literature addressing to action for our discipline to find ways to recognize and the role of race and ethnicity in Canadian libraries, likely value credentials and experience outside of the traditional due to the limited number of visible minority individuals ALA-accreditation framework. There are also broad lessons employed in this field. Thus, Aboriginal and Visible to be learned from these stories, one of which is that to Minority Librarians: Oral Histories from Canada, is well encourage visible minority librarians to thrive, workplaces positioned as both a collection of personal histories and need to assist these librarians in finding mentors, associa- narratives, as well as a wonderful primer on the role of race tions, and relationships that create a sense of belonging* and ethnicity in Canadian libraries. this is particularly important in libraries where little Often, Indigenous and non-Western knowledges are seen diversity currently exists. as existing outside of the Eurocentric academy [4]. This Although each librarian shares their own story of their collection, thoughtfully edited by Lee and Kumaran, both of current and past work experience, what brings these stories the University of Saskatchewan, seeks to introduce readers together is the overwhelming theme of the need for a broad to the experience of Canadian Aboriginal and visible cultural shift in librarianship. Several authors encourage minority librarians through the use of narrative storytelling. instruction in indigenous knowledges in MLIS education, The diversity of experience shared in this text is its greatest including building critical awareness of how some indige- asset. We hear from librarians like my own UBC colleague, nous worldviews are seen as inferior to the eurocentric Kim Lawson of Xwi7xwa Library. For those who work at a model of the current Academy. Some authors also wrote large academic research institution, Xwi7xwa Library “...is about the importance of early- and mid-career mentorship a place where people bring their questions about all things from other minority librarians that they received. Finally, Aboriginal” (p. 157). To contrast the experience of urban, others also spoke of the great value of exposure to large-scale librarianship we hear from librarians like Mary professional bodies (like the Visible Minority Librarians Weasel Fat, who works for the Red Crow Community of Canada Network), which build confidence, capacity, College Library on the Blood Reserve in Southern Alberta and create resource networks. and calls for “an online [library technician or MLIS] This book shares an overwhelmingly positive message program in Canada for First Nations people” (p. 47) as and has created a forum for the diversity of voices in

JCHLA / JABSC 37:5859 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-012 Menzies 59 librarianship. That being said, one weakness in this text is 2. Statistics Canada. National occupational classification for that it lacks a traditionally organized structure. Authors statistics (720 F011)*special interest profiles [Internet]. were clearly free to write in their own style, format, and Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; 2006. Available from: voice. Some may find this frustrating or disjointed, but it https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/ feels reflective of the multitude of lived personal experience sip/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID1&LANGE&APATH3&DETAIL of the many authors. 0&DIM0&FLA&FREE0&GC0&GID838065&GK0 Aboriginal and Visible Minority Librarians: Oral Histo- &GRP1&PID97611&PRID0&PTYPE97154&S0& ries from Canada engages you in many examples of the SHOWALL0&SUB0&Temporal2006&THEME74&VID diversity of experience of Canadian librarianship. Librar- 0&VNAMEE&VNAMEF&D10&D20&D30&D4 ians and library administrations seeking to diversify their 0&D50&D60 workplaces will find this collection of essays an excellent 3. Kandiuk M. Promoting racial and ethnic diversity among primer on the experience of visible minority librarians and Canadian academic librarians. Coll Res Lib. 2014;75(4):492 will appreciate many of the “next steps” outlined to help 556. doi:10.5860/crl.75.4.492. retain and support these librarians once they have been hired. 4. Dei GJS. Rethinking the role of indigenous knowledges in the academy. Int J Incl Ed. 2000;4(2):111132. doi:10.1080/ 136031100284849. Both campuses of the University of British Columbia sit on the traditional territory of Canada’s first peoples. In 5. Sium A, Riskes E. Speaking truth to power: indigenous

this place where librarians, students, faculty and staff storytelling as an act of living resistance. Decolonization

e e converge, I wish to recognize the xwm ue kw y’ m (Mus- Indigen Educ Soc. 2013;2(1):IX. queam) and Okanagan people who hold ancestral claim to these lands. I also want to acknowledge the many privileges I have as a caucasian in the Academy. Erin Menzies UBC Okanagan Library 3287 University Way References Kelowna, BC 1. Bourg C. The unbearable whiteness of librarianship [Internet]. V1V 1V7, Canada [place unknown: publisher unknown]; [updated 3 Mar 2014; Email: [email protected] cited 23 Apr 2016]. Available from: https://chrisbourg.wordpress. com/2014/03/03/the-unbearable-whiteness-of-librarianship/ 60

BOOK REVIEW / CRITIQUE DE LIVRE

Data visualizations and infographics. Sarah K.C. Mauldin. mation about their ease of use, cost, software requirements, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 2015. Softcover: and accepted data formats. The author also details a 134 p. (Kroski E, editor. Library technology essentials; number of excellent online data sources that can be used to vol. 8). ISBN 978-1-4422-4387-3. Price: US$45. Available identify statistics and other information points to help fill from: https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442243866/Data- the infographic. Although the majority of the sources are Visualizations-and-Infographics. from the United States, Mauldin is also careful to include some international and European resources. Infographics and data visualizations have become in- My favourite part of this monograph (apart from the creasingly popular over the last few years as a way to author’s writing style, which was fun and easy to read) is the present data and information in a visual and accessible wealth of examples. By highlighting the award-winning way. They have become ubiquitous in mainstream media works of other libraries, as well as providing step-by-step (from bus ads to workout routines), and are frequently examples using a variety of tools, Mauldin inspires creativity used by organizations reporting health information, while also instilling confidence. To quote the author, this whether it be the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation on monograph provides me with “a ‘that bright person did the Zika virus [1], the Canadian Cancer Society on their this with this tool, I’m a bright person, that means I can use research review process [2], or the Canadian Institute for this tool to make something great as well’ feeling” (p. 13). Health Information on health system spending [3]. As an This was a quick, practical, and interesting read. I have embedded health research librarian interested in employ- already had a number of occasions in my workplace to ing more infographics and data visualizations in my work, apply the knowledge I gleaned from Mauldin’s work (as as well as more specifically looking for novel ways to well as requests to borrow the book), and I definitely feel present findings for a recently conducted scoping review, I more confident and inspired to explore different types of was excited to review this book. visualizations for my scoping review and work in general. In Data visualizations and infographics, Mauldin takes the I would recommend this book in its electronic format if the reader through an introduction to data visualization and images are provided in colour and (or) you have the ability to infographics and gives descriptions of the scenarios and zoom in on them, and especially if hyperlinking is enabled. tools in which readers might consider using infographics. There was an abundance of intriguing resources and websites Mauldin also provides some case studies and examples of highlighted by Mauldin that I made note to check out successful visualizations created by other librarians/libraries, afterwards, but inevitably forgot once I put down the book. as well as step-by-step instructions on how to use a number Reading this resource from a tablet or computer would lend of the different tools and applications. Finally, the mono- itself better to that kind of serendipitous learning, facilitate a graph wraps up with some final tips, tricks, and trends in the deeper interaction with the field and the wealth of resources field of infographics and data visualization. provided by Mauldin, and overcome some of the short- Written specifically for librarians by a librarian, Maul- comings I initially noted about the availability of images. din is very attentive to her audience, highlighting a variety of tools with limited budgets and (or) time in mind, and References provides inclusive examples discussing infographic projects relevant to public, academic, legal, health, and science 1. CBC News. WHO’s Zika response must strike a delicate library contexts. This mindfulness of the audience is likely balance: doctor [Internet]. Canadian Broadcasting Company; also the reason there are relatively few images in the book, 2016 [cited 30 Mar 2016]. Available from: http://www.cbc.ca/ and why none of them are in colour*to keep the cost of news/world/world-health-organization-zika-virus-1.3427920 the monograph itself low. While admirable, I feel that 2. Canadian Cancer Society. About our research [Internet]. 2016 this detracts from the work. Some of the infographics [cited 30 Mar 2016]. Available from: https://www.cancer.ca/en/ are difficult to make out in grayscale, and the chapter of about-us/our-research/?regionon step-by-step projects would have greatly benefited from screenshots either accompanying or replacing written instruc- 3. Canadian Institute for Health Information. National health ex- tions that were a bit tedious to follow without visuals. penditures infographics [Internet]. 2015 [cited 30 Mar 2016]. Avail- Despite these drawbacks, this would still make a great able from: https://www.cihi.ca/en/spending-and-health-workforce/ resource for a librarian wanting to delve into infographics spending/health-spending-data/national-health-expenditure-nhex for the first time, as well as for intermediate users wanting Sarah Visintini to experiment with different tools. Mauldin provides Replacement Librarian, Berkman Library detailed (and very practical) descriptions of some of the University of Ottawa Heart Institute major infographic and data visualization tools, such as Ottawa ON Piktochart, Easel.ly, TimelineJS, Capzles, Mindmeister, K1Y 4W7, Canada. Creately, StatPlanet, and DataFerrett, incorporating infor- Email: [email protected]

JCHLA / JABSC 37: 60 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-011 61

BOOK REVIEW / CRITIQUE DE LIVRE

The Cybrarian’s Web 2: An A Z Guide to Free Social experiences” (p. 56). Peltier-Davis then goes on to recom- Media Tools, Apps, and Other Resources. Peltier-Davis, mend linking to freely available ebook collections such as Cheryl Ann. NJ: Information Today, Inc.; 2015. Softcover. Project Gutenberg and Google Books. If your collection is 343 pages. ISBN 978-1-57387-512-7. $49.50 USD. Avail- already a hybrid of print and digital, as I suspect all able from: http://books.infotoday.com/. academic and many public libraries are, this chapter will Library professions demand fluency in electronic infor- have little to offer. Instead, it opens the discussion for the mation sources and technologies and a strong motivation uniformed reader to be able to explore further elsewhere, to continue building upon our skills. The Cybrarian’s Web offering some citations to newspaper articles, a research 2: An AZ Guide to Free Social Media Tools, Apps, and study by the Pew Research Centre, and ALA’s “State of the Other Resources is designed to be a reference point for the America’s Libraries Report 2014: Executive Summary.” library professional seeking to continue their education. The micro-chapters on unique resources are stronger. We’re called upon to use our digital fluency superpowers Aimed at information professionals, Peltier-Davis rightly across an ever-widening spectrum of platforms, both for assumes readers already have a solid working knowledge of promoting our libraries and for establishing our own using and accessing resources. Peltier-Davis does not digital presence. This text provides a contextualized provide instruction on how to acquire or install, but environmental scan of online tools, apps, and resources, rightly focuses on how the tech can be leveraged in your and can help a motivated professional to use that tech in library. For example, if you want to find an alternative to professional practice. expensive teleconferencing services or time-consuming Be aware, this book is not an introduction to widely commuting for meetings with peers, flip to Appendix IV used, popular social media tools (which was the focus of for an alphabetized list of tools by type of service. Under Peltier-Davis’ 2012 text, The Cybrarian’s Web: An AZ “Videoconferencing Service,” Peltier-Davis lists both Guide to 101 Free Web 2.0 Tools and Other Resources). In Google Hangouts and GoToMeeting. Here is the begin- this second, unique volume Peltier-Davis deals with an ning of the overview to the first resource: entirely new set of tools, apps, and resources you could use in your professional library practice. The coverage is Google Hangouts is a combined instant messaging and broad; Peltier-Davis discusses 57 different resources or video chat service enabling Google subscribers to send and tech topics, some with overlapping functionality. Each of receive instant messages, photos, videos and emojis (ani- these is covered in straightforward, jargon-free language mated GIFs) as well as initiate free video calls ...A unique that opens a broad discussion of each resource and some of service offered within Hangouts is the ability to stream live its uses, much like you would hear while chatting with a local or global events such as conferences and webinars ... mentor over coffee. Streamed events are recorded, archived, and publicly The text is designed for quick reference. It is organised available on Google Plus or a dedicated YouTube channel. into five sections that each cover a particular type of (p. 87) technology, and it is further sub-divided into micro- Under the “How Cybrarians Can Use this Reference” chapters that cover specific resources. In most cases, each section, Peltier-Davis cites a post from Phil Bradley’s micro-chapter focuses upon a single resource, and is weblog, “Google Hangouts for Libraries,” as a particu- divided into three main sections: an overview of the larly useful resource guide for utilizing Hangouts to host resource’s origin and development, features and function- online events, and then sends her reader to research other ality, and suggestions for use “by the library community.” libraries’ presentations on the Hangouts on Air website. Most chapters conclude with endnotes and an FYI panel To compare, the overview for GoToMeeting begins: with other relevant information. Last of all, the text includes an index and not one but five appendices for GoToMeetings from Citrix Systems is bundled web con- easy perusal. Peltier-Davis breaks from this resource-per- ferencing software with desktop sharing and videoconfer- micro-chapter format only to cover five related tech topics: encing capabilities that facilitates online meetings between ebooks, ebook readers, makerspaces, mobile apps for a host and group of attendees in real time ...GoToMeeting libraries, and QR codes. Each of these serves as an holds a significant lead in this fairly competitive business introduction to the general topic and gives examples of it arena by offering several built-in features that enable in use in librarianship. seamless online collaboration with onsite and offsite For example, in the chapter on ebooks, Peltier-Davis talks participants. (p. 92) about the technology’s impact on print resource use and acquisition, and guides us towards adoption: “There is Reading on, you discover this very robust-seeming substantial library literature on the potential for ebook service is not free; after a 30-day free trial, there’s a success in all [sic] libraries, including case studies outlining monthly subscription fee for continued access. This runs successful and transformative ebook initiatives that contrary to the claim on the back of the book that it covers have guaranteed improved services and unique end-user “more than 60 free tech tools”, and makes the book’s

JCHLA / JABSC 37:6162 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-015 62 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 subtitle seem disingenuous. In fact, a handful of the leave out the weaker general overviews on related tech resources listed here are available for pay, or on a tiered topics. There is a marketable product here that, created and payment system that allows limited service use without released to market rapidly enough, can be of great subscription; some of these sections read like advertise- service*especially to the library professional working in ments. Nonetheless, they serve to introduce the products greater isolation who needs to discover specific resources and some general potential uses in a library context. to begin experimenting with them. Be wary: this is a snapshot of the web as it recently was, Finding effective digital solutions is a challenge, but The not as it is. Don’t fall into an implicit acceptance of the Cybrarian’s Web 2 can help you to start your investigation. Internet as static, but research beyond this text for the Peltier-Davis’ straightforward, jargon-free style and impec- complete current picture. As you research, Peltier-Davis cable organization combine in an affordable reference for directs you “to assist in the task of identifying important any library professional seeking a basic introduction to resources for the cybrarian community” (p. xxvii) by some of the online resources one can use for personal or posting updates to her website, but I’m not confident her professional ends. If you’re comfortable learning about the site is regularly maintained. New blog posts appear at the web from a printed text, then this is an excellent point from rate of approximately once per month. Under the Web which to begin. Tools/Links tab, nine of the ten listed “Additional tools” are already included in this second volume, and at the time Shannon McAlorum of this book review, “Posts About Tools” was last updated Health Sciences Library in April 2014. Having said that, there is a page on the site Memorial University of Newfoundland worth bookmarking; dig down for “Cybraran’s Web 2 St. John’s, NL Links” for rapid access to all of the resources covered in Email: [email protected] the text. I would have preferred to see Peltier-Davis focus exclusively on individual resource micro-chapters, and CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES p. 65 POSTERS / AFFICHES p. 79 LIGHTNING TALKS / PRE´SENTATIONS E´CLAIR p. 96

The 2016 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Health Libraries Association/Association des bibliothe`ques de la sante´ du Canada (CHLA/ABSC) was a joint meeting with the Medical Library Association and the International Clinical Librarian Conference (ICLC). The Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l’Association des bibliothe`ques de la sante´ du Canada has traditionally published abstracts from our Association’s annual meeting in our summer issue, and this year is no different. In this issue, you will find abstracts for papers, posters, and lightning talks authored by Canadian medical librarians and health information professionals. The full archive of abstracts from all conference participants will be available on the MLA website (http://www.mlanet.org/am/).

65

CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES

Bibliotherapy in a Hospital Setting: Promoting Health and Well-Being to Health Care Providers

Natalia Tukhareli Librarian, Health Sciences Library, Rouge Valley Health System, Oakville, ON

Introduction: Within a context of benefits of a healthy be considered as valuable information in view of future workplace, bibliotherapy is seen as an effective way of topics that could be addressed through the program. promoting health and wellness to hospital employees. The Results: The data collected through an internal survey and objective of this study is to present a detailed description of interviews with the hospital staff indicates a wide interest in an innovative informational and recreational bibliotherapy- the program from both clinical and non-clinical hospital based service for healthcare providers developed and groups. The participants have acknowledged the recreational implemented by a medical library, in collaboration with value of literary materials (particularly poetry) included the Occupational Health department. Methods: Methodol- into thematic compilations of readings as well as highlighted ogy included an extensive literature review to explore the importance of the informational component of the current applications of bibliotherapy that address the needs program. They suggested specific topics to be addressed in of diverse client groups in a wide variety of settings. The the future. Overall, the evaluation results show that the analysis of bibliotherapy-based schemes successfully imple- bibliotherapy program has provided a new venue to address mented in medical and public libraries in North America wellness and healthy workplace topics within the organiza- and the UK helped to identify the ways bibliotherapy could tion. Discussion: The case study shows that bibliotherapy be used to promote health and well-being to healthcare can fill a unique niche within the context of services and providers. A case study was included to describe the Rouge programs traditionally offered in a hospital setting to Valley Hospital library’s experience in developing, imple- address healthy workplace. It is considered to be an effective, menting, and evaluating an innovative informational and simple, and cost-effective way of addressing recreational and recreational service for staff and affiliated physicians. The informational needs of healthcare providers, managing mechanics, benefits, and challenges of the program will be work-related stress, and promoting healthy lifestyle. Finally, discussed. The program evaluation included an internal the bibliotherapy service helps expand opportunities for survey to the hospital employees and semi-structured inter- collaborative projects and partnerships for the library as views with staff members. Feedback from participants will well as increase visibility of the library within the organization.

Did You Remember to Wipe? An Exploration of the Attitudes of Clinical Staff and Patients toward Library-Supported, Shared Mobile Devices in Hospitals

Katie D. McLean, Lara Killian, and Katie Quinn Librarian Educator, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS; Librarian Educator, Patient Pamphlets, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Dartmouth, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Halifax, NS

Introduction: The library’s role in coordination, setup prevention and personal privacy perspectives? Methods: and maintenance of mobile devices is on the rise. In some Library staff coordinated with clinical or administrative situations mobile devices are set up for shared use by staff team leads on two shared-access projects to develop iPad and patients. What are the privacy and usage implications use procedures and policies, including the initial setup of of staff and patients sharing access to mobile devices? How iPads with selected apps and the ability to sync and manage should these devices be maintained, from both infection content. Two surveys were developed to explore staff and

JCHLA / JABSC 37:6578 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-017 66 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 patient attitudes towards sharing mobile devices and from shared iPads. Issues emerging from questions focused privacy. A scan of the literature on mobile device use and on privacy and hygiene, including appropriate use, will be attitudes was carried out to inform survey questions. The discussed. Discussion: Overall patients and clinical staff survey was distributed on paper with the assistance of have positive associations with the shared iPads and have clinical staff. Results: Results will be presented from surveys made useful suggestions for content additions and usage administered in two clinical locations: Nova Scotia Reha- guidelines. Grey areas remain present around issues of bilitation Centre (Musculoskeletal and Physical Medicine) privacy, with training staff to maintain “digitally clean” and Nova Scotia Hospital (Mental Health and Addictions devices being a continuous concern. To further investigate services). Authors will discuss the major content types that the physical cleanliness additional research is needed. both patients and care-providers are seeking and accessing

Evaluation of Systematic Review Knowledge and Training Needs: Supporting Systematic Review Research Capacity Development

Catherine Boden and Laurie Hellsten Liaison Librarian, Leslie and Irene Dube Health Sciences Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; Associate Professor, College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK

Introduction: Infrastructure and support to develop Clark (2006). Data will be organized and analyzed using systematic review research capacity is available. However, NVivo software (QSR International). An inductive few studies have explored researchers’ training needs. The approach to theme identification will be employed at a aim of this study is to examine the learning experiences, semantic level within a realist paradigm. Results: Five barriers and facilitators, and preferred mechanisms for librarians and 7 researchers in non-librarian positions teaching librarians and subject experts to conduct system- participated in the focus groups from across Canada atic reviews. This data will contribute to improved researcher (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario). Participants development. Methods: Experts in conducting systematic represented a spectrum of workplace contexts, levels of reviews will be identified purposively and through snowball experience and roles in systematic reviews. Initial analysis sampling and electronically invited to participate in a series reveals divergent and convergent themes for librarians of focus groups. Experts will have, at minimum, 5 years of and researchers. Further thematic analysis is underway. systematic review experience resulting in at least 2 published Discussion: This data will contribute to improved researcher systematic reviews. Digitally-recorded, semi-structured development for researchers and librarians interested in 60-minute online synchronous focus groups (supported using systematic review methodology. It will inform our through conferencing software) will be conducted. Each understanding of librarian and researcher barriers to group will consist of 5-8 individuals and will be held acquiring systematic review expertise, and identify training separately with subject experts and librarians. Resulting mechanisms and supports that will enable librarians and data will be transcribed and analyzed using thematic researchers to transition successfully from receiving train- analysis following the recommendations of Braun and ing to conducting systematic reviews. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 67

The Value of Scoping Reviews: Mapping the Literature to Inform Clinical Practice and Future Research

Sarah M. Visintini, Andrea Smith, Jordan Edwards, Jennifer L. Cartwright, Rachel L. Ogilvie, and Jill A. Hayden Evidence Synthesis Coordinator, Maritimes SPOR Support Unit and Nova Scotia Site of Cochrane Canada, Halifax, NS; Project Coordinator, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; MSc Candidate, Research Assistant, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Research Coordinator, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Victoria, BC; Research Coordinator, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Associate Professor, Dept. of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

Introduction: Scoping reviews are a relatively new evi- nities for future locally relevant research. Results: Our dence synthesis method. They have rapidly been gaining search identified 1746 results after duplicates were eliminated. popularity, but may not always be used effectively. We Title/abstract and full-text screening excluded all but 117 discuss Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework for studies. Studies were categorized by patient flow in the ED conducting scoping reviews and describe methods and presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and results of an exemplar scoping review that incorporated further subcategorized based on clusters of research objec- all six steps to the benefit of clinical decision making tives in the included studies. Next, we generated a question and research planning. Methods: We conducted a scoping that summarized the types of research evidence that each review on the management of low back pain (LBP) in the category contained. Advisory Group members will be asked emergency department (ED). Scoping review was identified to rate how comfortable they are in answering each of the as the most appropriate evidence synthesis method because questions, based on their current education, training, and little had been done to synthesize the field and it facilitated personal health experience. Their responses will be com- mapping the literature on the topic. We searched biblio- pared against our evaluation of how well developed the graphic databases and grey literature trial registries. Studies research field was for each subcategory. We will engage our meeting inclusion criteria were grouped according to pre- Advisory Group to discuss and compare our assessment to established categories related to patient flow and decision- theirs, and to identify opportunities for future primary and making. Drawing on evidence mapping and Cochrane synthesis research. Discussion: Incorporating evidence prioritization methodologies, we built preliminary evidence mapping techniques enabled us to synthesize the literature maps describing the depth of the research for each in a clear and interpretable way and helped shape and focus subcategory. We will compare our team’s assessment of discussion with our Advisory Group. Stakeholder consul- the research to that of our Low Back Pain Advisory Group tation is expected to add value to our scoping review by consisting of ED healthcare providers, administrators, and externally validating and interpreting our results as they are patients. Through engagement of the Advisory Group we relevant to our local context. intend to validate our evidence map and identify opportu- 68 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Assessing the Impact of Individualized Research Consultations on Students’ Search Techniques and Confidence Levels

Lindsey Sikora and Karine Fournier Acting Head, GSG and Social Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Head, Reference Services, Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON

Introduction: Studies dedicated to the assessment of coded and analysed for content. Results: With a small individualized research consultations (IRCs) are scarce, sample size (n 9) generated from our first round of data with few using pre- and post-test methodologies. Our collection, we decided to conduct a second round of data study’s primary goal is to evaluate the impact of IRCs on collection (January to June 2016). Preliminary results from health science students’ search techniques and confidence Round 1 indicated a slight increase in the mean score levels, before and after meeting with a librarian. Secondary (comparing pre- and post-tests), demonstrating an improve- objectives include identifying factors influencing students’ ment in the student’s appropriate use of keywords and self-perceived search techniques’ proficiency and confi- search string structure. Several of the students, however, did dence levels. Methods: Our study’s population included not provide their keywords and search string; therefore, our students completing an undergraduate or graduate degree, results are extremely skewed. elf-reflective questions indi- undertaking a research or thesis project. In order to assess cated that students had mixed views on their confidence the impact of IRCs on students’ search techniques, a mixed level before meeting with a librarian, especially regarding methods approach was selected. Pre- and post-testing were locating relevant sources. However, once they met with a used, as well as interviews. Participants were invited to librarian, and were able to have a better understanding of complete two questionnaires, before and after meeting their question, their confidence levels improved. Discussion: with a librarian. The questionnaires consisted of both We believe that we will be better able to quantify our results open-ended and self-reflective questions. The open-ended with our second round of data collection. That being said, questions assessed students’ search techniques (keywords, while our results are preliminary, this is a start at quantify- subject headings, Boolean operators). The self-reflective ing individual research consultations’ impact on students’ questions were used to assess students’ self-perceived search search techniques, in order to better understand how to techniques proficiency, their confidence level, and lastly, help students select appropriate keywords (and subject their expectations (before) and their satisfaction (after) of headings) and build a more accurate search string. Further the IRC. A rubric was used to score students’ open-ended research into disciplines beyond health sciences and medi- questions, and a statistical test was used to demonstrate the cine should be explored, as the resources to search are vastly impact of the intervention. Self-reflective questions were different.

Using Assessment Data to Drive the Big Picture

Katie A. Prentice, David A. Nolfi, Lorie Kloda, and Suzanne Shurtz Associate Director for User Experience and Assessment, Schusterman Library, University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Tulsa, OK; Health Sciences Librarian and Library Assessment Coordinator, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA; Librarian, Concordia University Library, Montreal, QC; Associate Professor/Instructional Services Librarian, Medical Sciences Library, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

This program will bring together a panel of speakers to as well as experiences with assessing library programs. explore the many facets of library assessment. To illumi- Participants will have opportunities to ask questions and nate and develop a knowledge of assessment across health explore ideas and discuss how assessment works. The science libraries, the panel will share experiences with panelists will focus on driving library success and creating evidence-based librarianship, using existing data effectively an assessment-friendly environment. with administration, leveraging specific assessment tools, CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 69

Where Does Gray Fit into the Mosaic? A Discussion of the Use, Value and Practicality of Gray Literature in Systematic Reviews

Caitlyn Ford, Kelly Farrah, Carol Lefebvre, Melissa L. Rethlefsen, and Margaret Sampson Research Information Specialist, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Research Information Specialist, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Independent Information Consultant, Lefebvre Associates Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK; Deputy Director / Associate Librarian, Spencer S Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Manager, Library Services, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON

Join this special content session for an interactive will offer their opinions, views, and arguments derived from discussion and debate on the value, practicality, and metho- their professional practise, as well as any supporting dology of grey literature in the systematic review search literature. The discussion will be facilitated with questions process. The profession appears to have differing views on on methodology, use, and practicality of grey lit in considering grey literature as part of the systematic search; systematic reviews. The audience will be asked for ques- regarding the questionable validity and quality of non- tions, comments, and opinions throughout the 90 minutes, commercially published literature, the non-standardized creating a dialogue between the panel and audience. The search methods, and time spent searching vs. value of discussion will be extended to an audience beyond the room retrieved documents. To start the session, the facilitator through taking questions, and comments via Twitter, using will introduce the subject of grey literature, and explain how the hashtag #GreyInMosaic. it is a potentially contentious issue among systematic review searchers. Discussants with differing views on grey literature

Teaching Nursing Students Information Literacy Skills: Faculty’s and Instructor’s Perception of Collaborating with Librarians

Mary Chipanshi, Chau Ha, and Ann-Marie Urban Librarian, University of Regina, Regina, SK; Librarian, Saskatchewan Polytechnic, Saskatoon, SK; Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Regina, Regina, SK

Introduction: The objectives of the study were to examine ments. Participants were randomly selected. Using Survey the extent to which nursing faculty at two post-secondary Monkey software, an online survey was distributed to education institutions, the University of Regina and the eligible participants resulting in a sample realization of Saskatchewan Polytechnic (who jointly offer the Saskatch- forty participants (n 40). Data was analyzed using the ewan Collaborative Bachelor of Science in Nursing Software Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS: version 19; (SCBScN) program), consider information literacy (IL) as IBM Corporation, 2010). Descriptive statistics frequencies being important to the professional and academic success of and percentages for respondents’ answers were calculated. students and to identify barriers to collaboration with Results revealed that collaboration is seen as a fundamental librarians. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional pilot component to teaching IL skills to nursing students. Results: study was carried out to examine the perceptions of faculty Results revealed three significant themes: collaboration of and instructors working with librarians, in the context of nursing faculty/instructors and librarians is seen as a teaching IL to nursing students. The nursing program was fundamental component to teaching IL skills to nursing selected based on the diversity in their faculty and instruc- students; that librarians are key to enhancing nursing tors, the collaborative nature of their programs, and their student’s IL learning; and faculty/instructors would be ability to yield enough participants to meet sample require- interested in including librarians in their teaching strategies. 70 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Discussion: Nursing faculty recognize the importance of IL findings have not only significant potential value in skills to students’ academic and professional success and informing curriculum development in the nursing program value their collaborative work with librarians, but few to include IL acquisition skills but can also inform libraries collaborate with librarians due to lack of awareness of and librarians on how to promote their services and librarians’ roles and library services. This pilot study’s strengthen collaboration with faculty.

Assessment of Knowledge and Skills in Nursing and Allied Health Student Information Literacy Instruction: Results from a Scoping Review

Jill Boruff and Pamela Harrison Associate Librarian, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Librarian, Rockyview General Hospital, Calgary, AB

Introduction: To determine how knowledge and skills are were screened for eligibility. 137 articles were included for being assessed in nursing and allied health student data extraction. This paper will primarily address the information literacy instruction. To determine whether results of the data extraction. Results: The data analysis for these assessment methods have been tested for reliability the 137 included articles is being finalized. Of these and validity. To provide librarians with guidance on articles, the health professions discipline breakdown is as assessment methods that could be used in their own follows: Nursing, 107 articles; Occupational Therapy instruction. Methods: A scoping review of the literature Physical TherapySpeech-Language Pathology, 21 articles; was conducted, following the methods outlined by Arskey Multidisciplinary, 5 articles; Other health sciences disci- and O’Malley. A systematic search strategy was con- plines, 4 articles. Many different examples of performance structed by one author and reviewed by the second author. measures (such as validated tests, locally developed pre- This strategy was then run in Ovid Medline, and adapted test/post-tests, and course assignments) and attitude mea- for CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, LISA, LISTA, and sures (such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups) were ProQuest Theses and Dissertations from 1990 to January employed by all of the disciplines. Discussion: While there 16, 2015. 4366 articles were found, with 2747 articles remaining after duplicates were removed. The title and are few validated assessments for information literacy ins- abstract of these articles were screened, resulting in 2143 truction in evidence-based practice, there are still opportu- articles being excluded. The remaining 604 full-text articles nities for librarians to improve assessment in these contexts.

Listening to the Conversation: Examining the Dialogue on Scholarly Communication in Nursing

Lisa Demczuk and Mayu Ishida Reference and Nursing Liaison Librarian, Elizabeth Dafoe Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB; Research Services Librarian, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB

Introduction: To examine the current dialogue on schol- searching for unpublished grey literature produced by arly communication amongst nursing academics and scho- scholarly or academic institutions. Study selection: No lars in order to identify the frequency and vehicles used for restriction was placed on type of literature selected. Litera- discussion of the topic of scholarly communication and to ture types include editorials, original articles, commentaries, identify themes within the content of the dialogue. Methods: conference abstracts and discussion papers produced Data collection: A comprehensive literature search of between 2011 and 2016 in English. Data analysis: A published and unpublished nursing literature by the follow- quantitative and qualitative approach is used by mapping ing methods: searches of relevant nursing literature data- the type and number of sources of scholarly communication bases; hand-searching of selected scholarly nursing journals; discussion and by performing content analysis of the text searching academic nursing conference proceedings; and, data. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 71

Saskatchewan Health Information Resources Program (SHIRP): The Next Decade

Susan A. Murphy and Valerie Moore Head Leslie and Irene Dube´ Health Sciences Library, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK; SHIRP Librarian, Saskatchewan Health Information Resources Program, Saskatoon, SK

Introduction: The Saskatchewan Health Information Sciences Libraries provide resources to health care practi- Resources Program (SHIRP) transitioned from a Partner- tioners. Results: The realignment and integration will ship to a Program of the University of Saskatchewan’s identify which operational activities within the SHIRP (UofS) University Library in July 2014. This paper will office are similar to those of the University Library and provide a brief history of SHIRP, including the changes that can be more effectively managed centrally. It will also bring brought SHIRP to its present iteration and how it has been SHIRP policies and procedures into compliance with fiscal integrated into the operations of the University Library. requirements and risk management practices of the Univer- Methods: SHIRP licenses a sub-set of the UofS electronic sity of Saskatchewan. It is not anticipated that any of the resources to enable health care practitioners in the province structural changes within SHIRP will negatively impact its to be more effective in their work with UofS health sciences collections and services. The realignment will provide a way students during placements, internships, etc. Changes to the forward in terms of demonstrating the value of SHIRP both funding for SHIRP initiated its realignment as a program of within the university and to the province. Discussion:Itis the University Library; a program that continues to see partnerships as a critical component. Improvements to anticipated that the realignment will result in efficiencies in administrative practices and technological infrastructure financial management, licensing, and e-access problem reflect an innovative approach to providing access to a solving, as well as a greater understanding by University common set of electronic resources to health care practi- Library employees of how SHIRP’s collections and clients tioners in a complex environment. Outcomes of the intersect with, but differ from, the University Library’s. realigned program will be of interest to librarians exploring More broadly, the realignment will also clarify province- the role of collections in furthering the teaching of health wide the context for SHIRP’s governance, accountability, sciences students in a distributed learning environment, as and budgetary context. well as those studying models of how Academic Health

Creating a Needed Dialogue: A Discussion about Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning (LGBTQ) Health Librarianship in 2016

Blake Hawkins, Martin Morris, Tony Nguyen, Emily Vardell, John Siegel, and D. Ryan Dyck Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Liaison Librarian: Life Sciences, McGill University, Montre´al, QC; Outreach/Communications Coordinator, National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Southeastern/Atlantic Region, Baltimore, MD; PhD Student and Teaching Fellow, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Student Success Librarian, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR; Director of Research, Policy and Development, Egale Canada Human Rights Trust

The scholarly literature of health librarianship contains undergoing peer review). Meanwhile, the broader literatures two mentions of the information needs and information- of academic and public librarianship contain various seeking behaviours of LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, studies into the needs and attitudes of our LGBTQ patrons. Transgendered, and Queer) health professionals*a 2004 At a time when attitudes towards LGBTQ people are JMLA article, and two presentations in 2013/2014 at CHLA changing, and where greater attention is being paid to their and IFLA of a related research project conducted by one of specific health needs, we believe that the time has come for the proposers of this session (a journal article is currently our profession to initiate a dialogue into how we respond to 72 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 these needs. We propose a session to initiate a dialogue on context. Panel members would give lightning talks about a how health librarianship should best respond to the distinct particular issues related to LGBT health and health librari- needs of our LGBTQ patrons. This session would include anship. A subsequent moderated discussion would develop interested health librarians and community members, and these themes, which we hope would be further developed after discuss the current issues in LGBTQ health information, the conference. The session would be at an introductory level, information needs of our LGBTQ patrons, and how health in order to make it welcoming for both LGBTQ and non- librarians can develop and improve our practice within this LGBTQ health librarians who may be interested in attending.

Precision Medicine: Individual Insight into the Bigger Picture

Francis Ouellette Senior Scientist, and Associate Director, Informatics and Biocomputing, Associate Professor, Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

United States’ President Obama announced a Precision for biomedical analysis; and new tools for using large Medicine Initiative in January 2015. Described as a bold datasets have made it an ideal time to unveil this far- new research effort, it will revolutionize the treatment of reaching initiative. With the anticipated proliferation of this disease and provide clinicians with the tools and knowledge new research, how can librarians position themselves to to support a new model for patient care and move away from facilitate information access to all interested parties (public, a “one-size-fits-all-approach.” Precision medicine aims to patients, regulatory agencies, 3rd party payers, employers, provide clinicians with tools to better understand the research community) on this topic as well as continue to complex mechanisms underlying a patient’s health, disease, contribute to the advancement of patient health care? Join or condition, and to better predict which treatments will be us for an overview of precision medicine and how it is most effective. Precision medicine is often used to describe changing cancer research and ultimately the fight against how genetic information about a person’s disease is used to cancer. Gain insights from our invited speaker from the diagnose or treat their disease. The pursuit of understanding Ontario Institute for Cancer Research in how collaboration, the genetic changes that occur in cancer cells will drive and data sharing and research is collected and made available accelerate more effective treatment regimes, tailored to the to interested parties. This special content session is co- genetic profile of the cancer patient. Advances in the sponsored by the Cancer Librarians Section and the sequencing of the human genome; improved technologies Translational Sciences Collaboration SIG.

Tech Trends: LibAnalytics for Collecting Library Reference Statistics

Sharon Bailey and Sarah Bonato Librarian, CAMH Library, Toronto, ON; Reference and Research Librarian, CAMH Library, Toronto, ON

Introduction: In 2014, a specialized library at a large services and be able to easily communicate the metrics. For behavioral health hospital decided to say adieu to Microsoft the transition, three research librarians and the library Access and move to LibAnalytics by Springshare for director completed a need assessment which data fields collecting statistics on library reference requests. The best highlight the impact of reference services. Each data changeover also provided an opportunity to evaluate the field was reviewed and evaluated for clarity, relevancy and pervious methodology for collecting reference statistics. merit. A majority of the data fields were revised, including a How can this transition be managed effectively and improve complete revision of the data fields capturing the complex on past practice of showing not just what we do, but why? taxonomy of the subject area of a request. Additional data Methods: The desired outcome of the project is to move to a fields were added, such as the purpose of the request, new platform to collect library reference statistics that university affiliation, and feedback. The desired outcome is illuminate the value and organizational impact of reference to use LibAnalytics to have a data set on reference requests CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 73 to review trends and enable data driven decisions. Results However there were several drawbacks, including trying to and Discussion: The transition to LibInsight had many adapt a product designed for larger academic libraries or positive factors, including the ease with constructing a new public libraries to a small specialized hospital library. Also, database , the ability to easily analyze the information and creating a dashboard to measure the impact of library run reports, and positive transition to a web based interface. services still continues to be a challenge.

Collaborative Collection Development: Building a Patient-Driven Consumer Health Library

Sharon Bailey, Alexxa Abi-Jaoude, and Andrew Johnson Librarian, CAMH Library, Toronto, ON; Research Coordinator, CAMH Education, Toronto, ON; Manager, Client and Family Education, CAMH Education, Toronto, ON

Introduction: The library at a large mental health teaching based approaches to developing consumer health collec- hospital has partneredwith the volunteer-run patient library tions. 2. Needs Assessment: Interviews and focus groups to develop and maintain a consumer health collection for will be conducted with patients and patient library volun- hospital inpatients and outpatients. How can a research teers to determine health information needs, preferred types library and a patient library work together, with patient of information, and means of delivery. 3. Collection Devel- input from start to finish, to build a collection best suited to opment: Drawing from the findings from the literature their information needs? Methods: This project is patient- review, interviews, and focus groups, the hospital library centered, with patients participating in various aspects of will lead the development of the consumer health collection. the research. To that end, we will first bring together an 4. Facilitating Uptake: To better meet patient information advisory committee including current and former patients needs we will develop complementary health literacy/education and patient library volunteers to provide oversight at all initiatives including curriculum development for volunteer stages: 1. Literature Review: A comprehensive literature training. review will be conducted to better understand evidence-

The Library and the Lab: Exploring Partnerships to Manage Research Data

Maria M. Buda and Carolyn Pecoskie Librarian, Dentistry Library, University of Toronto, Vaughan, ON; TALint Intern and MI Student, Library and Information Studies, Dentistry Library, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

Introduction: To determine the current data management was found that other similar projects did take place in practices of research laboratories in a large academic academic libraries but not in a similar professional professional clinical school and whether academic libraries academic school. An adapted version of Data Curation can provide services to support or improve current Profiles Toolkit from Purdue University was selected to practices. Data management includes methods to record, conduct in-person interviews with laboratory managers. share, and archive data generated in the laboratories. This will provide us with a brief environmental scan of the Potential services from the libraries include tools and current practices in laboratories at the professional school. software to archive, store, share, and preserve data. Once current practices are determined, a report on possible Methods: The academic institution’s Ethics Board was library services to support current practices will be written, consulted and permission was granted to move this project outlining recommendations of how the library can enhance forward as a program evaluation. Furthermore, permission or improve data management services. Results: Any results from the school’s Dean was granted to obtain a list of will be used to answer how the library can help with data laboratory managers and interview them, if willing to management, such as suggesting data management soft- participate. A brief literature review was conducted and it ware; providing training on software for data management, 74 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 providing assistance in creating data management plans School. We hope these results will help to bring to light systematically; or suggesting repository options based on current data management practices in laboratories of a needs. Promotion and implementation of new library professional clinical school at a large academic institution. services will follow shortly after in the form of the action We also hope that the results will provide librarians with an items outlined in the report. Discussion: The results of the overview of how they might go about the process of interviews will be summarized and shared in the form of a reaching out to their communities to talk about research report and posted on the library’s website. The report will data. be submitted to the Chief Librarian and the Dean of the

Professional Communication Skills: Publishing and Presenting Your Research

Jacqueline Wirz, Natalie Clairoux, Joey Nicholson, Carole M. Gilbert, Cari Merkley, and I. Diane Cooper Director of Career and Professional Development and Graduate Student Affairs, Research Data Ninja, Assistant Professor, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Dentistry Librarian, Bibliothe`que de la sante´, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montreal, QC; Education and Curriculum Librarian, NYU Health Sciences Library, New York, NY; Editor, Journal of Hospital Librarianship, Taylor and Francis, Publisher, Royal Oak, MI; Senior Editor, Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l’Association des bibliothe`ques de la sante´ du Canada, Calgary, AB; Informationist, National Institutes of Health, Reston, VA

This program will bring together leaders from the Health and Sciences University), Natalie Clairoux (Bio- profession to share professional communication strategies. medical Librarian, University of Montreal / Universite´de The session will be divided into two communication areas: Montre´al), Joey Nicholson (Education and Curriculum presentations and publishing. The presentation component Librarian, New York University Health Sciences Library), will focus on how librarians can improve their presentation Diane Cooper (editor, Journal of the Medical Library and public speaking skills. The publishing component will Association), Carole Gilbert (editor, Journal of Hospital focus on how to write for publication, identify publication Librarianship), and Cari Merkley (co-editor, Journal of the venues, and successfully navigate the publication process. Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de The emphasis of this panel discussion will be in effective l’Association des bibliothe`ques de la sante´ du Canada). communication strategies for sharing information. Pane- lists include Jackie Wirz (Research Data Specialist, Oregon

Potential Opportunities and Collaborations for Library Engagement in Shared Decision Making: Results from a Global Survey Lindsey Sikora and Melissa Helwig Acting Head, GSG and Social Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Information Services Librarian, W.K. Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

Introduction: As physicians and patients move towards a distributed via social media and health library listservs, collaborative process that allows them to make healthcare which included both structured and open-ended questions. decisions together through shared decision making (SDM), These questions were based on models of SDM and the where do libraries fit? The purpose of this study was to potential roles of libraries, and potential gaps identified explore the roles of libraries within SDM. The results of our from our scoping review. The survey questions were tested survey will be used to formulate a more comprehensive view for clarity and content validity with the help of librarians, of these roles within SDM. Methods: A bilingual survey was technicians and library students, previous to launch. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 75

Analysis will be focused on obtaining descriptive statistics Respondents who felt they were supporting SDM were able to identify current trends between SDM and libraries, while to clearly identify new roles and challenges to engaging in elucidating the gaps between these two fields. The results SDM. Discussion: The results of this study indicate that will be used to formulate a more comprehensive view of the librarians are already engaging in activities that support roles of information professionals in SDM. Results: The 113 SDM, and many can identify roles for information profes- responses from the survey were collected from a variety of sionals in supporting SDM for health care professionals settings, including academia, hospital and special libraries. and clinicians. The information collected in the survey will Approximately 45% of the respondents felt they were doing allow us to formulate a more comprehensive view of the activities that supported SDM in their library, while 31% roles that information professionals can undertake in SDM, felt they were not, and 24% were unsure. When asked about along with the challenges they may encounter going the potential roles for libraries in SDM, some sugges- forward. tions were recurring, while others were newly established.

Envisioning Health Information Science: Critical Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Identity

Nicole K. Dalmer, Eugenia Canas, Lyndsay Foisey, Brad Hiebert, Anthony Naimi, Sadiq Raji, Shamiram Zendo, and Jill Veenendaal PhD Candidate, Library and Information Science, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, London, ON; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mississauga, ON; PhD Student, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, London, ON; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cambridge, ON; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, London, ON; PhD Student, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, London, ON; PhD Candidate, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, London, ON

Introduction: As an evolving field related to and relationship to health information in health care systems, impacting the health, information and library sciences, practices and consumption. Each of the members in the Health Information Science (HIS) presents emergent and group contributed their own experiences and perspectives varied considerations for researchers, policymakers, health to an iterative and ongoing dialogue that revealed lingering services providers and information professionals. This questions regarding the fundamental identity of health paper describes the iterative and reflexive process in information science as a cohesive discipline. Instead of identifying and questioning conceptual underpinnings, coming to a definitive answer, the authors acknowledge thematic tensions and methodological approaches currently key questions that must be asked and grappled with as this delineating the field of Health Information Science, with field continues its development. The multiple voices that considerations given to future HIS trajectories and con- created this paper advance the importance of reflexivity figurations. Methods: To explore the identity of the HIS among practitioners and scholars, and encourage those field, a group of doctoral students affiliated with an HIS that join this much-needed conversation to be comfortable program at a Canadian academic institution embarked on a process of delineation and description. This iterative and with conflict and tensions as this disciplinary culture is critically reflexive process of honing a definition through slowly unearthed. Discussion: This paper details the discussion necessitated multiple voices, given the relative output of a conversational community’s micro-experiences newness of the field and the few programs dedicated to its and findings in delineating an emergent field. Committing study. Over a series of discussion periods, they collabora- to continued and reflexive dialogue, this paper advances tively questioned existing conceptualizations of the field, a unique lens for inquiry and knowledge generation. consulting with and integrating available literature, and The questions posed throughout this paper underscore drawing from their own situatedness and experiences the overall potency of pluralism, affirming that a diver- as researchers and practitioners. Results: The heterogeneity sity of coexisting epistemologies, methodologies and meth- of approaches inherent in HIS resulted in an examination ods within the HIS field make for rich ground for its of institutions, technologies, people and information in growth. 76 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

A Descriptive Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Reviews Published in Veterinary Medicine Journals

Lorraine Toews Librarian (Veterinary Medicine and Bachelor of Health Sciences), Health Sciences Library, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB

Introduction: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and (2010) by Ugaz AG, Boyd CT, Croft VF, Carrigan EE, systematic reviews are regarded as the gold standard of Anderson KM, articles published at 4-year intervals over evidence for clinical interventions in veterinary medicine, a 16 year period were located by searching OVID yet few published studies quantify or describe the nature of MEDLINE using a combination of MEDLINE publica- RCTs and systematic reviews in the veterinary medical tion types and title-abstract words to filter. Retrieved articles literature. The purpose of this descriptive review was to fill were classified according to number published per year in this gap and identify trends in the published literature. each journal, species studied and purpose of the study (i.e., Methods: Using a subset of veterinary journal titles from treatment, prevention, diagnosis). Publication patterns and the Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials, third edition trends were then identified in each of these areas.

Canadian Academic Health Sciences Libraries and Their Relationships with Health Care Practitioners

Orvie Dingwall and Trina Fyfe Head Outreach Services, University of Manitoba Health Sciences Libraries, Winnipeg, MB; Northern Health Sciences Librarian, Northern Medical Program, Geoffrey R Weller Library, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC

Introduction: The purpose of this research is to explore opportunity to be involved in the analysis. Interview the relationships between academic and healthcare libraries transcripts and focus group notes will be coded using open in Canada and their provision of resources and services to and axil coding. Results: Based on our preliminary investi- healthcare providers. The objectives are to discover the gations we hypothesize that there are commonalities in these relationships between academic health sciences libraries and relationships that have not yet been defined. We believe that healthcare practitioners, how consortia impact these rela- these relationships are being evaluated, both formally and tionships, factors that impact relationship development and informally, and that identifying best practices in relation- sustainability, and methods of evaluation. Methods: This ship evaluation will be beneficial to the Canadian health study will use a qualitative grounded theory approach library community. Discussion: Our findings will identify utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus groups with relationship development strategies and future directions key stakeholders from Canada’s 17 academic health sciences for relationships amongst health science libraries and libraries, and 10 Canadian health science information healthcare practitioners. Identifying best practices will assist consortia. Interviews will be conducted until themes emerge. libraries in information exchange, supporting vibrant Focus groups will be conducted with key stakeholders to programs of collaboration and engagement, and best provide them with the results of the interviews and the methods for evaluation. CONTRIBUTED PAPERS / COMMUNICATIONS LIBRES 77

The Future of Global Public Access: Will Public Access to Medical Literature Grow?

Kacy Allgood, Kathryn Funk, Jayne Marks, Alicia Wise, and Lee-Anne Ufholz Research and Community Engagement Librarian, Ruth LIlly Medical Library, Indianapolis, IN; Program Specialist, National Library of Medicine; VP, Global Publishing, Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, PA; Directory of Policy and Access, Elsevier, Oxford, United Kingdom, and Regional Sales Manager, Wolters Kluwer Health, Ottawa, ON

A panel of 4 experts will present and answer questions the barriers to realizing global public access to medical on the similarities, differences and international impact of literature? b. What if public access ends? What is at stake The Tri-Agency Open Access Policy and NIH Public for libraries, publishers, communities and research organi- Access Policy in the United States, Canada, and develop- zations? c. How would the growth of global public access ing nations. Q and A session follows presentations. Invited impact publishers, societies, readers, and libraries in the speakers will address the following questions: a. What are near and distant future?

Developing Search Hedges for MEDLINE/PsycINFO Searches on Aboriginal/Native American Peoples

Sarah Bonato and David Lightfoot Reference and Research Librarian, CAMH Library Services, Toronto, ON; Librarian, Library, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON

Introduction: Both MeSH and PsychInfo thesaurus systematic reviews or to be specific to quickly capture the terms delineate Native Americans/First Nations peoples most relevant citations. The highly sensitive search filter from the antiquated, yet persistent misnomer Indians. Still was designed for maximum retrieval, since systematic these terms do not obviate the needs for a sensitive and reviews on Native American/First Nations/Aboriginal thorough search filter for any aboriginal population. A populations should include research from a large evidence systematic review, and even a thorough search, needs to base. The search filters were revised and tested in each take into competing nomenclatures, whereby different database individually. The strategies were also tested in a nations use the different terms for the same people. Our number of limited searches to compared with a list of objective is to develop a highly sensitive search filter for previously known publications to ensure retrieval validity. systematic review searching in Medline and PsycINFO to The search filters were also submitted to other health identify articles relevant to Native American/First Nations/ science librarians and researchers for peer reviewed. The Aboriginal populations. Methods: Individual search filters search filters were made freely available in Medline and were developed for both Medline and PsycINFO. Separate PsycInfo. A follow up will be done to analyze use of the search filters were designed to be highly sensitive for use in search filters over time. 78 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

The Development of Highly Sensitive Search Filters for Complementary and Alternative Medicine-Specific, Natural Therapies for Use in Integrative Oncology Becky Skidmore, Renee Lang, Doaa Abdelfattah, Heather L. Wright, Dugald Seely, Anne Thiel, Linlu Zhao, and Jen Green Information Specialist, Gloucester, ON; Naturopathic Doctor, Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, ME; MPharm Senior Research Assistant, oncANP, Ottawa, ON; Naturopathic Doctor, Naturopathic Medicine Department, Bala Cynwyd, PA; Founder and Executive Director, Ottawa, ON; Naturopathic Doctor/Private Practice, Goshen, IN; Research Fellow, Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON; Research Director, Bloomfield Twp, MI

Introduction: To develop highly sensitive filters in MED- each relevant trial, including citation, study design, popu- LINE and Embase for CAM-specific, natural therapies lation, intervention, comparator, outcomes, side effects (dietary, supplemental, intravenous, physical and mental/ and interactions, to be used to present peer-reviewed data emotional) relevant to oncologic medicine. Systematic about human trial natural therapies in oncologic medicine. searches using these filters will be run sequentially for Results: We retrieved 54,061 records on CAM-specific, cancer topics by tumor type and symptom (e.g., breast natural therapies in breast cancer. After deduping in OVID cancer, peripheral neuropathy, thoracic cancers), from followed by further deduplication in Reference Manager, which we will write structured research summaries on all we reduced the number to 44,383. From this we identified identified therapies. Methods: We used PubMed’s dietary and tagged 827 potentially relevant records and another supplement subset as our base. We consulted with naturo- 370 as “maybe” potentially relevant. We have finalized the pathic doctors to identify and add vocabulary for further tagging template from which we will derive our peer- concepts. Building on previous work wherein a line-by-line reviewed evidence summaries. Work is ongoing and we will version of PubMed’s CAM subset was created in OVID further report developments as they occur. Discussion: Our MEDLINE, we developed a MEDLINE version of the customized CAM-specific, natural therapies filter has allowed expanded dietary supplement subset. We translated and us to efficiently and systematically identify evidence-based adjusted this strategy for use in OVID Embase. Beginning CAM material in MEDLINE and Embase for breast with breast cancer, we ran multi-file searches and removed cancer. Relevant records have been tagged and will be duplicates in OVID to reduce the deduplication burden. developed into electronic evidence-based summaries. Our We compiled and circulated screening packages in Refer- experience with breast cancer will allow us to fine-tune ence Manager. After tagging potentially relevant records, processes for further high-priority topics in integrative we exported them to Mendeley for additional tagging and oncology. Translating these filters to additional databases full-text retrieval. We created a structured template for (e.g., PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED) will also be explored. 79

POSTERS / AFFICHES

Less Shelves, More What? How Are Academic Health Sciences Libraries Choosing to Replace Their Shelves?

Alanna Campbell Health Sciences Librarian, Health Sciences Library/Public Services, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON

Introduction: In the past decade academic health science data was examined using SPSS. Results: Of the 162 library collections have become predominantly digital in AAHSL members who were sent the survey there were response to advancing technology and user demand. This 14 qualifying responses. While responding libraries had transition in how libraries collect materials has had a removed between five to “thousands” of bookshelves all significant impact on library spaces. Many libraries have had kept some shelving. Collections stored on the removed begun sweeping discontinuation of their bookshelves in shelves were primarily discarded or transferred to storage. response. What are they replacing their shelves with? The The majority of libraries gained group study and individual objective of this study will be to research what academic study space. The amount of additional seating ranged health sciences libraries are doing with their previously from 23-340 seats. A minority of libraries lost some space shelf consumed spaces including what impact this has or all space. Only a small fraction of libraries introduced had on services, utilization of space by users and post- new services such as 3-D printing and free scanning of renovation user and staff feedback. While there are many journal articles. Most libraries experienced an increase in case studies on library space renovations and project manage- visitor statistics since their shelf removal and received ment there is a gap in information on academic health positive feedback from library users and library staff. sciences libraries in general and existing trends. Methods: Discussion: In conclusion while the response rate was low The structured questionnaire was open to all libraries some interesting trends in how libraries approach remov- belonging to the Association of Academic Health Sciences ing bookshelves and the outcomes of these projects were Libraries (AAHSL) who have removed at least one identified. One in particular is that the majority of libraries bookshelf in the last five years. Resulting qualitative data are prioritizing study space and collaborative spaces in was assessed using a framework analysis while quantitative their space modifications.

More than Expert Searchers? A Case Study for Librarians Exploring Roles beyond Databases

Ana Patricia Ayala and Erica Lenton Instruction and Faculty Liaison Librarian, Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Faculty Liaison and Instruction Librarian, Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON

Introduction: At the University of Toronto (UofT), other components of the research process (Dudden 2011). librarian involvement in a variety of reviews and grant Involvement includes but is not limited to: project proposals happens largely and primarily on an ad-hoc manager, research coordinator, and process/protocol expert. basis. The role of health sciences and medical librarians as Librarian involvement is not only recommended, but expert searchers is well established and recognized, yet has become a requirement for grants from key funding librarians can, and have, also been called upon to navigate agencies, such as the Canadian Institutes of Health

JCHLA / JABSC 37:7995 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-018 80 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Research (CIHR), for a proposal to be considered teams’ reviews. This knowledge can then be shared among complete and admissible (CIHR 2010). This is wonderful our colleagues and incorporated into the content of our news, but are we prepared? The objective of this study is to instruction portfolio. Results: The results of this initiative develop a sustainable set of service standards in order to and anecdotal gathering are ongoing and will be presented clarify the roles and tasks to be performed by librarians in at the MLA/CHLA meeting. Discussion: Librarians offer research initiatives such as systematic reviews, but perhaps significant contribution and insight beyond their searching more importantly, scoping and realist reviews, as support skills; they can successfully act as project managers, requests for these newer, less familiar, methodologies have process experts, and disseminators of protocols (commu- become increasingly common. Methods: We will gather nicators). Their role continues to evolve. Above all our and organize pre-established protocols for each type of goal remains to have an open and honest conversation on research study and disseminate them widely. An environ- what librarians and information specialists’ experiences mental scan will be performed to learn more about how have been so far in these types of initiatives, what our roles librarians at U of T are currently supporting research are and what they should be.

Collaborative Quality Assurance in Literature Searching

Sarah Morgan, Beata Pach, Allison McArthur, Susan Massarella, and Domna Kapetanos Library Operations Technician, Library Services, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON; Manager, Library Services, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON; Library Information Specialist, Library Services, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON; Library Information Specialist, Library Services, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON; Library Operations Technician, Library Services, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON

Introduction: Public Health Ontario provides expert limiters, and proofreading of search syntax. This collabo- scientific and technical advice and support to government, rative approach to search strategy development leverages local public health units and health practitioners. Library the collective expertise of the team, promotes knowledge Services support is embedded in project plans across the translation and capacity building among Information organization to ensure a consistent approach to PHO Specialists and Library Technicians, and improves the research products. In turn the quality of PHO research quality and consistency of search strategies. This process relies on the expertise of the library team in conducting has also facilitated the development of a shared repository comprehensive literature searches. Methods: To ensure that of search terms for frequently searched public health Library Services delivers literature searches which are of a concepts which has been utilized by the team to expedite consistently high quality, a unique rapid peer review and search strategy development. Results: N/A - embedded in quality assurance process for search strategies has been the methods section. Discussion: The rapid peer review implemented. The team has made this process an integral process of search strategies demonstrates how this part of their workflow. Team members provide feedback on all aspects of search strategies, including database approach is successful in improving the overall quality of selection, relevancy/sensitivity of subject headings and the host organization’s knowledge products and evidence- keywords, combination of search concepts, application of based advice. POSTERS / AFFICHES 81

Creation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Search Filters for the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Specialized Register of Trials

Becky Skidmore, Tamara Rader, Raymond S. Daniel, Alain Mayhew, and L. Susan Wieland Information Specialist, Skidmore Research and Information Consulting, Gloucester, ON; Patient Engagement Officer, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Information Technician, Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Group, Smiths Falls, ON; Senior Research Associate, Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Group, Ottawa, ON; Assistant Professor, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Providence, RI

Introduction: To identify all complementary and The OVID version was used as a basis for translating to alternative medicine (CAM)-related trials in Cochrane other databases and platforms. The Cochrane Highly CENTRAL and other relevant databases considered to Sensitive Search Strategy for randomized controlled trials be high-yield sources of CAM trials (e.g., Allied and (RCTs) was adapted and applied to each database. Results: Complementary Medicine (AMED), Index to Chiropractic Our review of the current PubMed CAM filter revealed Literature (ICL), PsycINFO) for inclusion in the Cochrane spelling errors, omissions, redundancies, inconsistencies, Complementary Medicine register of trials. Eligible trials and difficult or questionable logic. We reviewed the will receive the specialized register code SR-COMPMED underlying concepts, updated the MESH, verified journal for incorporation into CENTRAL. Methods: After check- names and developed the MEDLINE OVID strategy. ing the range of filters available through the ISSG search Adjustment was required to correct spelling errors, word filter resource, https://sites.google.com/a/york.ac.uk/issg- forms, redundancies, and field labels. Proximity searching search-filters-resource/home, PubMed’s CAM subset was adjusted to increase specificity. We incorporated new http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_subsets/comp_med_ vocabulary for emerging CAM concepts (e.g., environmen- strategy.html was selected as the most comprehensive filter available. Information regarding its development and tal interventions such as therapeutic gardens, exposure to maintenance was sought via Cochrane’s Information nature, etc.). In particular we analyzed zero-retrieval lines Retrieval Methods Group (IRMG) and MLA’s Expert for errors. Once finalized, the new MEDLINE strategy was Searching listservs. Two information specialists (IS) ana- systematically translated to other databases and quality lyzed the filter for accuracy, appropriateness, comprehen- checked for accuracy. Discussion: We have systematically siveness, and precision. The strategy was refined and created base CAM filters for use in multiple databases. In vocabulary for new CAM therapies was developed and doing so, we have reliably identified additional trials for added. To overcome problems of precision when searching the Cochrane Complementary Medicine register of trials. PubMed (e.g., lack of proximity operators), a line-by-line Testing the sensitivity and specificity of these filters is the version of the strategy was translated to OVID MEDLINE. next logical step.

Evaluating Online Health Information Sources: A How-to on Mixed-Method Heuristic Design

Blake Hawkins and Heather L. O’Brien Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Assistant Professor, School of Library, Archival, and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC

Introduction: Consumer health websites play avital role in and librarians need a quick and effective means of evaluat- the mobilization and translation of population-based health ing them. The poster describes the development and information. In order to decide whether to engage with these application of a heuristic measure for men’s health web- websites or recommend them to others, health consumers sites. Methods: We developed a heuristic evaluation tool that 82 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 built upon Jacob Neilsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics for able to evaluate if the information was free of dead links and Usability Design. We augmented these established heuristics other error glitches that might cause frustration for potential with knowledge gleaned from the men’s health, health men’s health information seekers. Furthermore, the measure promotion and information seeking literature focused on could evaluate design and if the presentation of information the inclusion for different racial and sexual minority groups. was overwhelming or not for the seeker this can have an The elements incorporated from the heuristic measure effect on the level of engagement by the users. By incorpo- included the website system, visual design, and content; as rating qualitative and secondary questions, we were able to they were the most pertinent for the purpose of this project. retrieve even richer data about the sample websites regard- Furthermore, we incorporated theoretical aspects from ing men’s health. It became apparent that currently, men’s health promotion, men’s and queer health and health health is sometimes forgetting ethnic and sexual minorities. information seeking for sub-questions regarding content Neither of our websites had a visible Aboriginal or Gay, and our analysis. The resulting tool was applied to two Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer content, which is problem- British Columbia men’s health websites to assess their atic since these two groups have poorer health outcomes. functionality, visual design, and information content. Discussion: By creating this mixed-method heuristic measure Results: This mixed-method approach to creating a measure it provides the opportunity for further research with a larger was successful at highlighting beneficial and problematic sample regarding men’s health promotion online materials. areas of the sample websites. The five measures that were Potentially, the success with these two websiteswas an anomaly taken from Jenkins (1992) model were able to evaluate the and there are more elements that need to be considered when structural and functionality aspects of the websites. We were creating this type of evaluation for online materials.

Social Media and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) Health: A Primer for Health Librarians

Brooke Ballantyne Scott and Blake Hawkins Librarian, Royal Columbian Hospital Library, New Westminster, BC; Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC

Introduction: Since the early 2000s, there has been a there have been advances over time concerning LGBTQ limited amount of scholarship by librarians concerning the people and how social media is used to connect them to LGBTQ population, their health, and their engagement or healthcare information and services. Prior to the early practices with health information and services. The pur- 2000s, the methods used were more on the microscale of pose of this paper is to synthesize findings that demon- information engagement. From the mid-2000s onward, strate the complexities concerning LGBTQ health and however, the usage of social media has allowed for information interactions in the context of advancements in interactions on the macroscale between the LGBTQ social media. Methods: The research question guiding our community and healthcare. Currently, the usage of social project is “how does social media connect members of the media towards LGBTQ users is more prevalent in the LGBTQ community to healthcare?” We completed a USA. Other findings include the recruitment and training scoping review using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, of peer educators (using established models and guidelines) and PsycINFO. We limited to publications from 1990 for health outreach on social media platforms, strong 2015, and to English language. We found 93 articles partnerships between the LGBTQ community and univer- across these databases, which was reduced to 77 after de- duplication, and further reduced to 28 after culling for sities and public health organizations, and the importance relevance to our research question. In 2000 and 2001, two of understanding and respecting both online and LGBTQ articles were written regarding why health librarians culture in health interactions. Populations studied are should care that LGBTQ health could differ from that of mostly MSM (men who have sex with men), and therefore other populations. Since the early 2000s, there has been research hasn’t reached other important subsets of the limited scholarship concerning LGBTQ people and health LGBTQ community in regards to social media connecting librarianship. It is our aim to fill this 15-year gap and argue them to healthcare. Discussion: There are a variety of ways that health librarians, who have a significant role in social that social media is being used for LGBTQ health, and media and healthcare, should also be aware of these themes from the literature that should become more interactions. Results: The literature demonstrated that known amongst health librarians. POSTERS / AFFICHES 83

Reflecting on the First Steps: A Structured Analysis of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Blake Hawkins, Laura Bartlett, Sigrid Brudie, and Kathleen Murray Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Technical Information Specialist, Specialized Information Services, Outreach and Special Populations, U. S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; Medical Reference Librarian, Alaska Medical Library, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK; Alaska Medical Library Manager, Alaska Medical Library, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK

Introduction: The University of Alaska Anchorage, is perhaps regions within the Arctic will be recommended. trying to facilitate needed changes regarding MeSH terms Results: We have now reached the point in this project that pertaining to Indigenous/Arctic Health. We will describe we are writing a white paper for the NLM that demon- the process associated with doing a structured analysis of strates why there is a need for a new search term. It is no MeSH. Our goal is to build a case that MeSH needs to be longer just rationalized on personal biases to create a new expanded to better meet the needs of Arctic peoples and MeSH heading. Instead, we have gone through hundreds researchers with an Arctic focus. Methods: The project of articles regarding Alaska Native health, and there is a involves multiple stages of investigation before it is possible gap in how they are categorized. Discussion: We are now to make any recommendations concerning Indigenous/ waiting for a feedback on the paper and hope that it will be Arctic MeSH terms. We began by reviewing NLM policies accepted by the NLM. We were required to meet certain concerning MeSH terms, and what is required to success- standard set out by the NLM to advocate for a new MeSH fully make term revisions. Using existing searching hedges, term. Through the steps we completed, we are confident we also investigated current MeSH terms to learn which that it will result in needed change. Furthermore, we hope can be included for future searches. Concurrently, we wanted to find which terms are most commonly used to our model can be followed by other groups who believe index articles pertaining to Indigenous health. New MeSH there should be new MeSH terms to better represent their terms with a focus on Indigenous Arctic peoples and population(s).

Searching the Literature: One Size Does Not Fit All

Susan Baer, Brooke Ballantyne Scott, Ashley Farrell, Marcus Vaska, Pat Lee, Jacqueline M. MacDonald, and Lori Leger Director of Libraries and Archives, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK; Librarian, Royal Columbian Hospital Library, New Westminster, BC; Medical Librarian, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON; Librarian, Knowledge Resource Service, Calgary, AB; Librarian Educator, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, NS; Privacy Officer, Nova Scotia Health, Bridgewater, NS; Regional Manager of Library Services, Horizon Library Services (Moncton Area), Moncton, NB

Introduction: Library services managers, professional literature review of research and other literature on searchers and search instructors lack a standard to support mediated searching. Content analysis of all documents mediated search service instruction and accountable search gathered identified a variety of search types and methods. service delivery. A standard is needed to establish a The search types, methods and related terms were defined consistent approach to executing different types of in a search glossary, organized in a matrix and then searches, provide a framework against which search service validated through a Delphi study with search researchers, performance may be measured and support cost benefit authors publishing on search topics and professional analysis of expert, mediated search services demonstrated. searchers. Results: Results included identification of essen- Methods: Two approaches were used to inform this pan- tial and optional steps in recommended approaches for Canadian work. The first was an environmental scan using different types of searches. The first draft of this work will several listservs to identify current search-related research- be shared as a consensus-building step in standard ers and practice leaders. The second was an iterative development. Discussion: The research literature on search 84 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 methods is sparse and fragmented, lacking in currency and health care system. Standards enable us to provide a a shared vocabulary. A standard would provide clarity in consistent service experience to our users, especially within terminology, approach and methods align with the accred- multi-site services with both physical library and virtual itation of other health care professionals and maintain the environment settings. relevance and value of health services libraries within the

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning (LGBTQ) People, Health Information Seeking, and the Role of Health Librarians: A Scoping Review

Blake Hawkins, Luanne Freund, and Martin Morris Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Associate Professor, School of Library, Archival, and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Liaison Librarian: Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC

Introduction: There are gaps in the health informa- reduced to 66 after culling our research due to the relevance tion literature concerning LGBTQ people and the role of of the research question. After the scoping exercise, we health librarians in information seeking. The available mapped the results into the themes that have framed our scholarship is emblematic of earlier perceptions regarding discussion. Results: Currently, there is a limited amount of interactions between LGBTQ people and their health literature regarding the role of health librarians with information needs. This paper will demonstrate why it is LGBTQ people health information seeking. The current necessary for health librarians to better understand the literature is associated with the challenges many younger unique needs of LGBTQ youth, and provide recommenda- people face when first trying to engage with the literature as tions to cultivate a better awareness about their needs. fearful and/or closeted youth. Additionally, there are Methods: The research questions guiding our scoping narratives regarding the problematic information seeking review are “what are the health information needs of process many LGBTQ people use (i.e., online blogs or LGBTQ people” and “what is the role of health librarians social networks) that could potentially result in unhealthy with respect to LGBTQ information needs?” We completed information sharing. Discussion: We advocate for further a review using Embase 1974 to present, Embase 1974 engagement by health librarians with LGBTQ patrons and to present, CINAHL and PubMed with Full Text, and their information needs. This is a population that has Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process and Other Non-Indexed historically been stigmatized and unrecognized as having Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present. We different health needs. The health librarian can have a limited the results to publications after 1990August 2015. greater role in supporting proper information seeking We found 112 articles across these databases, and we practices by LGBTQ people.

Patient Education on an Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit

Catherine Young Librarian Supervisor, Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK

Introduction: To provide patients and families with the unit to make patient education appointments for new access to reliable health information and improve their patients and attaches a letter explaining the purpose of the health literacy, while also increasing the Medical Library’s appointment to the patient’s schedule. During the schedul- profile within the organization, by taking ownership of a ing meeting, the librarian consults with unit staff regarding patient education program on an inpatient rehabilitation patients’ abilities to participate independently in appoint- unit. Methods: The Medical Library runs a patient ments. The following week, a librarian meets with patients education program on an inpatient rehabilitation unit and their families in their rooms or in the unit lounge. that admits approximately 300 inpatients per year for a During the appointment, the librarian provides health variety of conditions, with the most common diagnoses literacy instruction, takes information requests, and de- being Stroke, Acquired Brain Injury, and Spinal Cord monstrates an online patient education guide on an iPad Injury. A librarian attends weekly scheduling meetings on for patients and families who identify as internet-users. POSTERS / AFFICHES 85

Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities within Regional Health Libraries in British Columbia, Canada

Shannon Long, Elisheba Muturi-Kihara, and Chantalle Jack Librarian, Richmond Hospital Library, Richmond, BC; Policy Analyst, Policy Outcomes and Evaluation, Burnaby, BC; Librarian, Lions Gate Hospital Library, North Vancouver, BC

Introduction: Faced with continual change, regional services, and the provincial landscape. After thematic health libraries must innovate in order to survive. To content analysis of interview data, a focus group will be understand how these libraries are evolving to deliver held with library staff to further explore and validate innovative services to geographically spread users, this emergent themes. Implications: Regional health libraries study: 1) describes and compares the libraries, 2) analyzes in BC differ significantly in size, staffing and service model how they are evolving and innovating in order to deliver but share the challenge of delivering innovative services to value, and 3) identifies gaps and opportunities in the current geographically spread users. In a landscape of library landscape. Methods: Setting/Participants: Librarians work- closures and service consolidation, these findings will ing in regional and Ministry of Health libraries in British promote information sharing on innovative best practices Columbia (BC). Data Collection and Analysis: Librarians and highlight collaborative opportunities to address existing will be surveyed regarding eight themes drawn from the gaps. They will be of interest to health librarians within BC literature: overview of the library environment, research and elsewhere. Results: Results are not complete yet. services, teaching role, centralized vs. distributed service Discussion: Results are not complete yet. delivery model, prioritization, evaluation, innovative

Tailored Customer Service in a Consumer Health Library Setting

Erin Culhane Information Specialist/Librarian, Peter and Melanie Munk Patient and Family Learning Centre and Library, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON

Introduction: To tailor an existing generic organizational and professional manner (Act), and that it was explained to customer service initiative to engage patients, families, and them how to follow up if they needed more information (Ask community members seeking consumer health information Again). Informal feedback provided in-person or via email as partners in their care. In addition to evaluating customer echoed these comments. Respondents also commented on satisfaction, this initiative aimed to evaluate the existing their appreciation tailored aspects of the service of a private library volunteer training program. Methods: Electronic setting, welcoming staff, speed of response to health and paper surveys were used to gain feedback on the information inquiries, provision of information in other implementation by library staff and volunteers of the languages, and appreciation for the availability of computers “Tailored 4As” framework of customer service in a small in the library for self-directed research. Volunteers also consumer health library/learning centre in a large, acute- expressed that the framework provided a useful guide for care hospital. The original “4As”* Acknowledge, Ask, Act, effective interactions with patrons, especially those who were Ask Again were extended to personalize library patron not as experience in a customer service role or were not interactions, considering patron’s time, personality, mood, confident in their English-speaking skills. These surveys, in social determinants of health, past interactions, health combination with in-person real-time feedback, reinforced literacy level and more. Results: Online and in-person current volunteer and staff training techniques. Discussion: surveys indicated that library patrons were extremely satisfied A generic customer service framework can be a useful tool in with the service they received in the consumer health library. training library staff and volunteers if appropriately tailored In most cases, respondents reported that they were wel- to meet the diverse and often sensitive needs of patients, comed and offered assistance by library staff or volunteers family caregivers and community members seeking con- (Acknowledge, Ask), their requests were acted on in a timely sumer health information. 86 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Strategic Planning for Interagency Academic Health Libraries

Erin L. Menzies and Kristina McDavid Southern Medical Program Librarian, University of British Columbia Okanagan Library, Kelowna, BC; MD Undergraduate Librarian, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC

Introduction: Our objective was to develop a fiscally asked to report to the committee’s executive on the responsible and innovation-centred five year strategic plan challenges and opportunities at clinical sites. Second, the for our interagency library program. Librarians play a committee executive analyzed and condensed reports from substantive role in the University of British Columbia’s all parties into one cohesive document, collating themes Undergraduate Medical Program. Medical Undergraduate and ensuring alignment with the existing strategic plans Library Committee (MDULC) membership includes li- from both UBC and the Faculty of Medicine. Results: brarians from University of British Columbia’s Vancouver Thematic analysis indicated that our undergraduate and Okanagan campuses, the University of Victoria, the library committee should prioritize the following during University of Northern British Columbia, as well as the period from 20152020: 1) Facilitate student success librarians from health authorities across the province. 2) Facilitate research excellence 3) Enhance culture of Methods: In June 2015 our committee was asked by assessment 4) Foster environment of continuous learning. the leadership of our medical program to outline our Discussion: The five year plan was submitted for consider- plans for the five year period of September 2015 to ation to our overseeing body, the curriculum committee, September 2020. This was the first opportunity for the and was accepted. The plan was then presented to MDULC to formally articulate long-term goals and the university medical education executive and was programmatic intentions, and as such we approached the approved. This document has helped the MDULC to matter systematically. First, university librarians focused clarify goals and has assisted us in developing a project on gathering relevant information on library collections, timeline for the next five years. Furthermore, it has allowed services and staffing, information technologies and peda- us to articulate major issues, such as budget shortfalls and gogy, while health authorities (which receive some medical the negative effect of foreign exchange on our collections program funding to support staffing and collections) were budget.

All of These Things Are Not Like the Others: A Comparison of Six Clinical Librarian Programs at the University Health Network

Jessica Babineau, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Melanie Anderson, Bogusia Trojan, and Marina Englesakis Information Specialist, Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Archivist and Information Specialist, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Information Specialist, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Director, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Information Specialist, Health Sciences Library / Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON

Introduction: To compare and contrast the formats and programs for family medicine, general surgery, psychiatry, outcomes of six clinical librarian initiatives established bariatrics, genitourinary oncology, and chronic pain man- over the last 10 years within different clinical programs at agement, of which five continue to this day. Elements the University Health Network (UHN), an academic considered include program mandates, meeting structures teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Methods: A com- and librarian’s roles and responsibilities. Indirect impact parative case presentation demonstrates the range and on library service usage will be explored. Results: Over the variety of services provided through six clinical librarian course of 10 years, six clinical librarian programs were POSTERS / AFFICHES 87 created at UHN. Of the six, only one was discontinued services. Program descriptions and evaluations will be after a few years: library attendance at weekly genitouri- discussed in greater depth. Discussion: Clinical librarian nary tumor boards. The remaining five continue to provide initiatives need to be flexible and fluid in their roles in meaningful service to clinicians, despite a high level of order to successfully embed themselves within clinical heterogeneity in the programs’ scope of practice. Benefits programs. Our comparison demonstrates that even within and value of clinical library programs were demonstrated one institution, there is no single formula for a clinical through varying means including survey data, the duration librarian’s role. The needs and mandates of individual of our existing programs, interest expressed by other programs vary. Despite their variance, each clinical librarian clinical areas, acknowledgements from program education program supports the institution to be a learning org- leads, positive feedback from participants, as well as anization, and contributes to evidence-based patient care apparent correlations with increased usage of library and safety.

The Role of the Embedded Clinical Librarian in a Chronic Pain Management Telemedicine Learning Program

Jessica Babineau, Jane Zhao, Andrea D. Furlan, and Ruth Dubin Information Specialist, Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Research Coordinator, Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Co-chair of ECHO Ontario, ECHO Ontario Chronic Pain and Opioid Stewardship, Senior Scientist, University Health Network, Toronto, ON; Co-chair of ECHO Ontario, ECHO Ontario Chronic Pain and Opioid Stewardship, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON

Introduction: To describe the role and value of an and spent an average 36 minutes per week on ECHO related embedded clinical librarian within an innovative interpro- tasks in addition to attending weekly 2 hour sessions. fessional team that delivers chronic pain education to Based on questionnaire results, the embedded clinical primary care providers (PCPS) in underserved urban, rural, librarian role was received well by both interprofessional and remote areas. Methods: ECHO Ontario Chronic Pain hub members (N 13) and Spoke PCPS (N 27). Ten and Opioid Stewardship (ECHO Ontario) is the first (76.9%) hub members and 22 (81.5%) spoke members replication of the ECHO model in Canada and began with answered yes to the question “Should we continue to offer a goal to help PCPS to provide better chronic pain clinical librarian services during ECHO sessions?” Feed- management. Using a hub-and-spoke model, an interpro- back was positive and encouraged continued use of librarian fessional hub team delivers education to multiple spoke services. Questionnaire feedback, however, suggested a lack PCPS through telemedicine. The embedded clinical librari- of awareness from some spoke members regarding the an is an important part of the interprofessional hub team, specific role and services provided by the librarian. When attending each weekly session. Further discussions also reassessing the clinical librarian role, the scope of responsi- occur outside sessions through an online message board and via email. Questions arise from both hub and spoke bility grew from providing evidence-based resources to also members regarding didactics, patient case presentations include current awareness resources and addressing copy- and online message board discussions. The librarian pro- right and information dissemination issues. Discussion: The vides evidence-based resources to the community based on embedded clinical librarian role has been a valuable these questions that arise. To determine the value of the part of ECHO Ontario and has been well received. This librarian’s role, questionnaires were distributed to the com- new role demonstrates the value of a librarian within an munity and metrics were collected. The scope of the interprofessional team focused on primary care education librarian’s role was also assessed. Results: From June 2014 using telemedicine, with the ongoing, iterative goal in mind to November 2015, the librarian attended 61 out of the 69 of how to best meet the needs of the ECHO Ontario ECHO Ontario sessions, conducted 29 literature searches, community. 88 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Systematic Search and Reporting Techniques Applied to the Gray Literature: A Review of Canadian School Breakfast Program Guidelines

Jackie Stapleton, Katelyn M. Godin, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, Rhona M. Hanning, and Scott T. Leatherdale Liaison Librarian, School of Public Health and Health Systems, Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON; PhD Candidate, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, ON; Assistant Professor, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON; Professor, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON; Associate Professor, School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON

Introduction: To describe systematic review search meth- delivery. Results: The search strategies for identifying and ods that were developed and applied to complete a case screening publications for inclusion in the case study study systematic review of grey literature that examined review was found to be manageable, comprehensive, and guidelines for school-based breakfast programs in Canada. intuitive when applied in practice. The four search strate- Methods: A grey literature search plan was developed to gies of the grey literature search plan yielded 302 poten- incorporate four different searching strategies: i) grey tially relevant items for screening. Following the screening literature databases, ii) customized Google search engines, process, 15 publications that met all eligibility criteria iii) targeted websites; and, iv) consultation with contact remained and were included in the case study systematic experts. These complementary strategies were used to review. Discussion: This presentation demonstrates a feasi- minimize the risk of omitting relevant sources. Since ble and seemingly robust method for applying systematic abstracts are often unavailable in grey literature docu- search strategies to identify web-based resources in the ments, items’ abstracts, executive summaries, or table of grey literature. The search strategy we developed contents (whichever was available) were screened. Screen- and tested is amenable to adaptation to identify other ing of publications’ full-text followed. Data were extracted on the organization, year published, who they were types of grey literature from other disciplines and answer- developed by, intended audience, goal/objectives of docu- ing a wide range of research questions. This method ment, sources of evidence/resources cited, meals mentioned should be further adapted and tested in future research in the guidelines, and recommendations for program syntheses.

One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Meeting the Needs of Hospital Staff through Interprofessional Collaboration and a Responsive Website Update

Katie D. McLean, Katie Quinn, Vivien Gorham, Chelsey Millen, and Jackie Zoppa Librarian Educator, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Halifax, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Halifax, NS; Library Technician/Program Assistant, Leadership Development, Halifax, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Dartmouth, NS

Introduction: In order to be truly accessible, library Wheelchair Skills Training Program) were developed in websites must adapt to both screen size and user needs. collaboration with hospital staff. For two of the projects, Updating to LibGuides 2 CMS and working with hospital select hospital staff were trained and given access to add staff (e.g. knowledge translator, occupational therapist) on and update content. Prior to the release of each project, an four collaborative projects allowed our library to address interprofessional editorial team of hospital and library both factors. Methods: A content management strategy staff carried out a final review of layout, language and and basic style manual were developed to support use of functionality. Website statistics from Google Analytics the updated website. Four new projects (Elder Care in were monitored both before and after the update. Statistics Hospital, Wound Care, Primary Health Care and the for the new projects were also compared to long-standing POSTERS / AFFICHES 89 library web page statistics. Results: Of the four projects, management. Usage statistics for library-supported web three resulted in the library hosting content entirely. One resources show consistent use and rank highly compared to project involved the library developing web content to be other organizational guides and websites. This role allows hosted in a separate content management system. All the library to become embedded in the work that hospital projects involved working with hospital staff to edit, lay staff do, and leads to future collaborations. out and enhance content for the web. Discussion: Hospital libraries can play a vital role in web content design and

How Is Gray Literature Used in Horizon Scanning Reports on Medical Devices?

Kelly Farrah and Monika Mierzwinski-Urban Research Information Specialist, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Information Specialist, Information Services, CADTH, Ottawa, ON

Introduction: Horizon scanning is a process used to scanning reports reviewed were grey literature. The three identify and monitor new and emerging health technolo- most frequently cited types of grey literature were infor- gies. Often, scant literature on these cutting-edge technol- mation from manufacturers (29% of all grey literature ogies exists in bibliographic databases. This project references, including manufacturers’ press releases), regu- investigated the use of grey literature in horizon scanning latory agencies (9%), and clinical trial registries (9%). The reports on non-drug medical technologies, including: how U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Clincal- often it is cited and which sources are most frequently trials.gov were the most frequently cited specific sources, cited. Methods: A retrospective review of horizon scanning comprising 7% and 9% of grey literature references reports on non-drug medical technologies, including respectively. There was great diversity amongst all other medical devices, laboratory tests, and procedures was sources cited in the horizon scanning reports, with each conducted. A random sample of 22 reports was selected appearing with a frequency of 2% or less in the bibliogra- from a compilation of 130 reports published in 2014 by phies of all reports. Discussion: Grey literature represents a major international horizon scanning services and health large proportion of references cited in horizon scanning organizations. For all reports, the percentage of grey literature references cited compared to bibliographic reports on non-drug medical technologies. Approximately references was calculated. For each grey literature reference a third of grey literature references originated from the cited, the source of the reference was recorded. Addition- manufacturers of these technologies. Almost half of the ally, each grey literature reference was classified by type grey literature cited came from three sources: the manu- using pre-determined categories. The total number of times facturers, Clinicaltrials.gov, and the FDA. Due to hetero- a source was cited in the bibliographies of all the reports geneity in the other grey literature sources cited, it would was computed. The most frequently cited sources in each be difficult to create one standard checklist of key websites category type will be used to recommend key websites for for identifying grey literature across all types of non-drug grey literature searching on new and emerging non-drug technologies. Further research is needed to examine the medical technologies. Results: On average, 48% (299/617) context in which grey literature is used within horizon of the references listed in the bibliographies of the horizon scanning reports. 90 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Reflections on Turning Forty: The Ottawa Valley Health Libraries Association/Association des bibliotheque de la sante de la Valle de l’Outaouais History Project

Kelly Farrah, Jessie Cunningham, Caitlyn Ford, Jennifer Skuce, and Michelle Purcell Research Information Specialist, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Librarian and Records Management Assistant, Library, Ottawa, ON; Research Information Specialist, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Information Technician, Information Services, CADTH, Ottawa, ON; Medical Librarian, Library, Armprior and District Memorial Hospital, Arnprior, ON

Introduction: The Ottawa Valley Health Libraries Associ- (JCHLA) and Bibliotheca Medica Canadiana were also ation (OVHLA)/L’Association des bibiliothe`ques de la scanned to identify relevant information. Additionally, sante´ de la Valle´e de l’Outaouais, originally the Ottawa questionnaire-based interviews were conducted via email Hull Health Libraries Group, dates back to 1974. The with six Past-Presidents and one long-standing OVHLA Association was one of the first chapters of the Canadian member to gather their reflections. Both the historical Health Libraries Association/Association des bibiliothe`- records and the interview responses were analyzed to ques de la sante´ du Canada. In 2015, the bulk of its history develop a narrative review and timeline of the Association’s was contained in boxed paper records and the memories of significant moments. Results: Outcomes from the OVHLA various members throughout the years. The objective of the history project include: a narrative review of the associa- project was to collect, organize, and share our histo- tion’s history published in JCHLA, a timeline of OVHLA’s rical documents, and to create a timeline of the Association’s key achievements, submission of OVHLA’s records for important moments. Methods: A working group of chapter deposit in the Archives and Special Collections of the members was formed to gather, organize, and archive information related to the development and activities of University of Ottawa, and a new history section on the the Association. Past and present OVHLA members were Association’s website featuring important historical docu- solicited to contribute historical records. Historical docu- ments, a list of past executive members, and the timeline of ments and artifacts, including meeting minutes, chapter achievements. Discussion: This project highlights OVHLA’s reports, membership lists, treasurer records, and photo- rich history and has made the association’s records accessi- graphs were reviewed and prepared for archiving. Issues of ble to members as well as anyone interested in the heritage of Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association health librarianship in the Ottawa Valley region.

Training a Diverse Team on Critical Appraisal Using the AGREE II Instrument

Kelly Lang-Robertson, Hannah Loshak, Claudia Warner-Romano, Apurva Shirodkar, Sharmilaa Kandasamy, Katie Hunter, Lindsay Bevan, Jess Rogers, and Claire Stapon Information Research Manager, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Coordinator, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Coordinator, Guidelines and Evidence, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Coordinator, Knowledge Support Services, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Manager, Guidelines and Evidence, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Manager, Guidelines and Evidence, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Coordinator, Guidelines and Evidence, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Director, Guidelines and Evidence, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON; Project Coordinator, Centre for Effective Practice, Toronto, ON

Introduction: Centre for Effective Practice works to and tools. To support these efforts, our information team enable appropriate health care through the development developed a comprehensive training program designed to and implementation of relevant, evidence-based programs educate staff on critical appraisal and to ensure consistency POSTERS / AFFICHES 91 in guideline evaluation. Methods: Training was developed evaluations reviewed met the predetermined concordance by an information manager in order to support staff criteria. The training improved the consistency of AGREE learning, current work in guideline evaluation and devel- II scores and reduced the number of third, independent opment, and projects that require critical appraisal of reviews required to assess the guidelines. Discussion: Ap- evidence. Participants receive in-depth education on the praising guideline quality through a validated process with AGREE II Instrument and complete practice exercises the AGREE II Instrument is widely accepted. However, that highlight areas that are commonly difficult to the consistency of AGREE scores between reviewers can appraise. A qualified librarian reviews the exercises, and vary due to differing interpretations and understanding of team members’ scores are compared to generate discussion the criteria, leading to a lack of concordance when compa- on differences in understanding and interpretation of the AGREE II Instrument’s evaluation measures. AGREE II ring scores from different reviewers. Comprehensive train- scores are aggregated through a concordance process that ing by the information specialist team increased critical flags areas of inconsistencies. Results: To date, 7 team appraisal skills and led to a more consistent appraisal of members successfully completed the training and moved clinical practice guidelines. This program has wider forward to complete over 550 appraisals of guidelines to implications for health librarianship, highlighting oppor- support a project with the Canadian Partnership Against tunities to develop training programs that drive greater Cancer. After completing training, 100% of the guideline and more consistent adoption of evidence-based practice.

“Is Anyone out There?”: Connecting Health Researchers Across the Arctic

Laura Bartlett, Kathleen Murray, Sigrid Brudie, and Blake Hawkins Technical Information Specialist, Specialized Information Services, Outreach and Special Populations, U. S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; Alaska Medical Library Manager, Alaska Medical Library, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK; Medical Reference Librarian, Alaska Medical Library, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK; Graduate Student, Master’s of Library and Information Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC

Introduction: To highlight the breadth, depth, and regions, including those working with indigenous popula- diversity of research, researchers, and data in the Arctic tions. The researchers are testing the profile of others to we are collecting and narrating a directory that will be determine if the profiles provide sufficient information to available through the Arctic Health portal. This directory assess the relevance of research and data for the inquiring will connect researchers using their interdisciplinary researcher. Refinement of the researcher profile template research areas. This is a step towards creating an open, will be based on feedback. The Alaska Native Tribal sharing environment that will lead to data sharing among Health Consortium has also leant their research directory researchers. Methods: A mixed methods approach is being to aid in development in the template. Results: Through used which includes an environmental scan, development environmental scans and working with partner agencies, of a survey interview instrument, and development and we have developed a researcher profile template. Our next assessment of a researcher profile template, An environ- steps are to populate the database with records from the mental scan was conducted to explore what researcher and University of Alaska, U.S. National Institutes of Health, data sets are currently available that can be incorporated in and the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium. The the directory. Using commonly asked questions by re- Arctic Health team will be reaching out to other U.S. searchers to University of Alaska Anchorage staff, a funding agencies, and international research and gov- researcher profile was developed. 30 researchers from ernment organizations to contribute their information. multiple disciplines including medical, scientific and Discussion: As Arctic research adopts “One Health,” a humanities, have been recruited and profiled. These research database is much needed to create the connections researchers are from Alaska, Canada, and other Arctic between research, researchers, and data. 92 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Isn’t MeSH Enough? Medical Subject Headings for Systematic Review Searching: A Preliminary Look

Melanie Anderson Information Specialist, University Health Network, Toronto, ON

Introduction: Librarians performing searches for system- been retrieved, the quality of the missing papers as assessed atic reviews rely on subject headings in major databases to by the reviewers, and the amount of data that would be differing degrees, and the extent to which keywords are missed using each strategy on its own. Results: The used has a significant impact on the time required for strategies using only MeSH terms frequently, though not searching. We will perform a preliminary test of the always, miss key articles identified by the reviewers. effectiveness and reliability of Medical Subject Headings The missed articles are sometimes “large,” relative to the for retrieving key papers indexed in OVID Medline for studies reviewed, and have frequently been rated by the systematic reviews. Methods: We selected six systematic reviewers as being of good quality. Keywords that could reviews published between 2012 and 2015 from those have retrieved the missed articles are identified in each identified by DARE as having performed adequate or case. Discussion: In this preliminary test, MeSH only better searches. Three strategies were tested for each strategies were not reliable in returning all of the key review: the original Medline strategy; a second composed articles identified by the original reviewers. More intensive of only the MeSH used in the original strategy; a third testing into reviews in different subjects, or involving composed of the MeSH a current search for the topic would use. The results for each strategy were compared on different population groups, may provide more informa- the basis of which and how many Medline indexed key tion about the extent to which keywords must be used papers (as selected for inclusion by the reviewers) are not when doing reviews in these areas. retrieved, the reasons the missing papers may not have

Bibliometric Analysis and Funding Success to Evaluate an Organization’s Research Grant Decisions

Me-Linh Le, Gregory W. Hammond, Tannis Novotny, Grant Pierce, and John Wade Health Sciences Centre Librarian, Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB; Executive Director, Manitoba Medical Services Foundation, Winnipeg, MB; Executive Administration, Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, Winnipeg, MB; Executive Director of Research, Professor of Physiology and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB; Professor Emeritus and Dean Emeritus, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB

Introduction: The Manitoba Medical Services Founda- the largest databases in the world and a resource commit- tion (MMSF), a non-profit medical foundation that has ted to eliminating author identification issues was provided nearly $20 million to support and fund research employed to determine the number of published articles since 1974, sought to evaluate the subsequent output of and the h-index for each researcher. The funding databases both its successful and unsuccessful operating grant of the three largest federal granting agencies in the country applicants. The foundation, which focuses on supporting were searched to determine whether a researcher had new researchers, worked with the Library to determine subsequently obtained other grants. The bibliometric and whether its grant review process was successful in selecting funding data were statistically analyzed to assess the the best candidates from 2008 to the 2012 competitions. impact of a researcher’s initial grant result on their future Methods: Using information up to 2014 for the five years publication output and funding success, as well as the local of grants, which totaled $1,912,300 in funding, an analysis multiplier effect for the granting organization. Results: was first completed for all successful and unsuccessful Statistical analyses clearly demonstrated that those re- grant applications. The analysis focused on two areas: searchers who received funding from the MMSF went on publication history and funding history. Scopus one of to have greater academic productivity than unsuccessful POSTERS / AFFICHES 93 candidates. Specifically, successful candidates had a greater that the current process used by MMSF is successful at number of publications, a higher h-index, larger amount of selecting individuals who subsequently go on to become high- funding from the major Canadian research granting performing researchers. These researchers are ultimately organizations, and greater odds of receiving funds as either more productive and obtain more funding than those co-investigators or lead principal investigators. Analyses individuals that are not selected. Furthermore, this project also showed that successful applicants were ultimately very demonstrates a new way for Libraries to use metrics to successful in bringing future external funding back to the assist organizations or institutions as they are called province, with a local multiplier effect of 10:1 (i.e., for every upon to demonstrate their value and impact on the $1 spent on Manitoba-based researchers, $10 returns to the community. community). Discussion: This research demonstrated

Snowed Under: Geospatial Data Literacy for Health Students

Francine Berish, Paola Durando, Sandra Halliday, and Amanda Ross-White Geospatial Data Librarian, Joseph S. Stauffer Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON; Co-Acting Head, Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON; Health Sciences Librarian, Bracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON; Health Sciences Librarian, Bracken Health Sciences Library, Kingston, ON

Introduction: To integrate geospatial literacy into gradu- 35 Master of Public Health students were introduced to ate level public health library instruction in order to the use of geospatial data in public health. The session develop data and information visualization skills. Methods: included examples of health-specific information visualiza- The ability to represent large and complex data as easily tions, and how to discover, access, and use open and understandable “infographics” contributes to the rising licensed data. Students were also introduced Library popularity of information visualization technology and its GIS software and training opportunities. Results: increasing utilization in academic research. Geographic Although some struggled with the identification and information systems (GIS) and geospatial data are being description of tools, students demonstrated a clear under- leveraged for research in health sciences including; disease standing of how geospatial data can be leveraged to prevention, healthcare delivery, social determinants of address public health issues. Discussion: Instruction on health, epidemiology, health promotion and for multivari- geospatial data, tools and data visualizations is a good fit ate analysis of health outcomes. As part of their embedded in public health and has broad potential in health sciences information literacy curriculum, in the 2015 Fall Term, education.

A Journal Club Tech Tool for Clinicians

Susan Baer, Amy Weisgarber, Michelle Dalidowicz, and Robyn Hocking Director of Libraries and Archives, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK; Library Technician, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, SK; Client Services Librarian, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK; Client Services Librarian, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK

Introduction: Participating in a journal club is valuable materials. Library staff identified the functionality and for engaging in spirited discussions, refining critical features needed for an ideal website and developed a appraisal techniques and assessing the applicability of the checklist to evaluate potential platforms to test. A proto- article to clinical practice. No web-based tool exists to type was built using WordPress for a librarian journal club. facilitate journal club documentation. Two clinical depart- Multiple tests and revisions were conducted. A test ments within Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region expressed Pediatricians’ journal club site was implemented and a need for a tool to capture the rich discussions and feedback was sought from the physicians. An online survey relevance of the article in practice. Methods: An extensive was conducted to gauge the number of journal clubs in the literature search uncovered only one relevant article on Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region. Results: The Pediatri- developing a web-based tool to organize journal club cians’ journal club members were very responsive to the 94 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 website created. Their executive assistant was integral template can be shared with other journal clubs in the in maintaining and populating the site for the physicians. Health Region. The Pediatricians felt that having a site The Pediatricians agreed to use the site for one year, when where the articles reviewed by the journal club with their a further evaluation of the effectiveness of the site and any assessments to practice in the Pediatrics and Neonatal maintenance issues will be reviewed. The results of the Intensive Care Units will be useful for new staff, region-wide survey indicated that there are more journal visiting physicians, interns and residents. The results of clubs in existence than originally anticipated. The the survey indicate that regular critical appraisal majority of the respondents felt their critical appraisal instruction may be a valuable support for a variety of skills could be improved. Discussion: The feedback from clinicians, including physicians, pharmacists, dietitians, the Pediatricians regarding their use of the journal club and nurses. website will help to determine how extensively the

Quantifying the Systematic Search: An Analysis of Retrieval in Published Cochrane Systematic Reviews

Tara Landry and Alex Amar-Zifkin Librarian, MUHC Libraries, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC; Librarian, MUHC Libraries, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC

Introduction: Searches in support of systematic reviews registries, and citation databases such as Web of Science aim to be as extensive as possible in order to minimize bias. and Scopus was also extracted. The Cochrane Review As a result, database searches for systematic reviews Group responsible for each included review was noted, generally retrieve a large number of results. The primary based on the hypothesis that retrieval is influenced by the objective of this study was to extract relevant statistical topic of the review. Extracted data was analyzed in Excel. data on the retrieval of searches in support of published Results: My results are not complete yet. Descriptive Cochrane systematic reviews. Methods: The methods statistics on the retrieval for literature searches in support sections and PRISMA flowcharts (when available) of all of systematic reviews, both in general and by review group, Cochrane reviews published since 2011 were analyzed to method of citation searching and use of core and special- extract the number of records identified through database ized databases will be presented. Discussion: Results are searching. Data on the number of databases searched, not complete yet. reported use of grey literature sources and clinical trial POSTERS / AFFICHES 95

What Are the Outcomes Associated with the Use of Online Consumer Health Information in Primary Health Care? A Systematic Review with Framework Synthesis of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence

Vera Granikov, Francesca Frati, Linda Shohet, Lillian Vineberg, Gillian Bartlett, Roland Grad, Michael Shulha, Lorie Kloda, Bernard Burnand, Sophie Desroches, France Le´ gare´ , Florence Millerand, Benoit Rihoux, Isabelle Vedel, Reem El Sherif, David Li Tang, Mathieu Bujold, Quan Nha Hong, Cristiane Galvao, Carol A. Repchinsky, Jo-Anne Hutsul, Lynn Dunikowski, and Pierre Pluye Research-embedded health information specialist, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Librarian, Jewish General Hospital, Health Sciences Library, Montreal, QC; Executive Director, The Centre for Literacy, Montreal, QC; Patient Representative, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC; Associate Professor, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Associate Professor, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; PhD Candidate, School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Librarian, Concordia University Library, Montreal, QC; Physician in Chief, Professor, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland; Associate Professor, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universite´ Laval, Quebec, QC; Full Professor, Family Medicine, Universite´ Laval, Quebec, QC; Professor, De´partement de communication sociale et publique, Universite´ du Quebec a` Montre´al, Montreal, QC; Professor, Centre de Science Politique et de Politique Compare´e, Universite´ catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Graduate Student, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Affiliate, Family Medicine, Montreal, QC; Post-doc, Family Medecine, Montreal, QC; PhD Candidate, Family Medicine; Professor, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Special Projects Pharmacist, Canadian Pharmacists Association, Ottawa, ON; Managing Clinical Editor, Canadian Pharmacists Association, Ottawa, ON; Director of Library Services, Library, London, ON; Full Professor, FRQS Senior Research Scholar, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC

Introduction: Systematic reviews in public health and unique records identified in our search, 66 studies fulfilled oncology suggest the use of Online Consumer Health the eligibility criteria (48 quantitative studies, 11 qualita- Information (OCHI) improves knowledge, participation in tive, 3 mixed methods and 4 using diverse designs). Study health care, and health outcomes. The Introduction of this participants were either OCHI consumers (patients, care- systematic review are to revise a conceptual framework and givers, general public) or clinicians (family physicians, list the types of patient health outcomes associated with dentists). Nine of the included studies examined a specific the use of OCHI in primary health care. Methods: We OCHI intervention (e.g. information prescriptions). The followed the four stages typically used in systematic majority of the studies examined general online health reviews: identification of potentially relevant studies using information seeking behaviour and use. Included studies a comprehensive search strategy; selection of relevant demonstrated that using OCHI is associated with both studies; quality appraisal of selected studies; and synthesis positive and negative outcomes. Main negative outcomes of retained studies. Eligibility criteria included: qualitative, were: ‘deterioration of the patient-physician relationship’, quantitative, or mixed methods study; English or French; ‘increased worrying’, and ‘overuse or misuse of health 19902014; primary health care; online consumer health services’. We identified new system-related outcomes. For information use. Four health librarians developed and example, using OCHI may increase physician’s responsibil- peer-reviewed the search strategy. Searches were conducted ities or lead to excessive ER visits and longer wait times. in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LISA, and the Moreover, we established factors influencing OCHI acqui- grey literature. Two independent researchers selected (Dis- sition and outcomes (e.g. health literacy). All identified tillerSR) and critically appraised (Mixed Methods Apprai- themes underwent a harmonization process, resulting in a sal Tool) all included studies. Data extraction and synthesis terminology of 45 key terms and concepts. Conclusion: consisted of a deductive-inductive qualitative thematic Based on these results, we propose a revised conceptual analysis (NVivo), followed by a disambiguation/ harmoni- framework of the outcomes associated with the use of zation of themes. A framework synthesis was used, which OCHI in primary health care, as well as potential factors consisted of coding evidence against an a priori framework (facilitators and barriers) influencing the acquisition, to produce a revised framework. Results: Out of 4322 cognition, and use of information. 96

LIGHTNING TALKS / PRE´ SENTATIONS E´ CLAIR

Supporting Knowledge Synthesis Methods Training: Review of the Evidence for Online Systematic Review Instruction

Robin M. N. Parker, Sarah M. Visintini, Leah M. N. Boulos, Krista Ritchie, and Jill A. Hayden Evidence Synthesis and Information Services Librarian, WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Evidence Synthesis Coordinator, Maritimes SPOR Support Unit and Nova Scotia Site of Cochrane Canada, Halifax, NS; MLIS Candidate and Student Intern, WK Kellogg Health Sciences Library Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Assistant Professor, Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Associate Professor, Dept. of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

Introduction: Health librarians’ support for systematic tion revealed the extent to which the training resources reviews includes directing reviewers to high-quality educa- followed accepted best practices in online instruction. tional resources. Extensive research into online learning Results: We present the results of our evaluation of online exists, but is it used to guide online delivery of systematic courses, modules, and videos that provide instruction on review training? In order to recommend high-quality some or all of the steps of conducting systematic reviews. training this project addresses the question: Are online Resources assessed varied in means of delivery, type of approaches for teaching systematic review methodology access (free or for-fee), and intended audience. The content based on best practices for online instruction? Methods: We was similarly diverse, with some courses or series of conducted a comprehensive review of published educational modules covering all steps of the systematic review process, and biomedical literature to identify reports of online while others, particularly video tutorials, frequently addres- instruction in systematic review methods. The paucity of sing only a portion of the stages of conducting a review and academic literature precipitated an environmental scan to having minimal interactivity. Discussion: There is a range of inventory existing web-based approaches. Online training resources available those learning how to conduct system- resources were located using strategic web searches. We atic reviews or other knowledge synthesis projects. The most included instructional material for which we could access appropriate training will depend on the needs and resources the course content freely online or by contacting the of the individual researcher: freely available videos and creators. After screening to ensure relevance to systematic training modules may give a helpful overview of the process review methods we extracted data on course characteristics. or a reminder of common challenges while online systematic Using a detailed evaluation rubric developed by Foster et al. review courses offered by research or academic institutions (2014) for online evidence-based practice instruction, two provide more in-depth and interactive coverage of each step reviewers assessed the included courses and tools using the and will help reviewers complete a systematic review in real- following criteria: 1) design; 2) format; 3) content; 4) degree time, however they are frequently costly or require a more and type of interactivity; 5) general usability. This evalua- significant commitment of time.

Locating Systematic Reviews Comprehensively and Efficiently

Robert W. Sandieson and Rachel M. Sandieson Professor, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON; Senior Library Assistant, Allyn and Betty Taylor Library, Western University, London, ON

Introduction: Systematic reviews have proliferated and ing, terminology, methods or textual context. The present evolved recently to include many types of research investigation tested a search filter development theory, methods. Difficulties result locating reviews due to index- known as Pearl Harvesting, in order to find all of the

JCHLA / JABSC 37:96Á100 (2016) doi: 10.5596/c16-019 LIGHTNING TALKS / PRE´ SENTATIONS E´ CLAIR 97 unique linguistic markers related to systematic reviews in specific, rich text filter. Another filter contained three order to create comprehensive searching. Methods: Two polysemic terms, i.e., review*, synthesi*, systemat*, plus texts on systematic reviews, one quantitative and one search*, and variations of meta-analysis. Studies that qualitative, were analyzed for linguistic content pertinent developed search strategies for systematic reviews vary to systematic reviews. Some terms were noted for the lack considerably and do not contain all of these terms; either of precision, e.g., “review” so were disambiguated to create the specific or polysemic. The two filters here were a specific rich text filter. The terms were validated as equivalent in finding systematic reviews. An analysis of necessary to the filter by searching each term separately real world searches found a minimal loss of precision using and subtracting citations produced by all the other terms the polysemic filter in some cases, but not in others if the to see if any remaining were unique and relevant. Existing search strategies for systematic review use low precision number of citations found was extensive. Further, an polysemic terms, such as “review”. Precision is measured at analysis of a Cochrane review of reviews demonstrated the level of individual term not as used in real world that the filters developed here could locate its 78 primary searches that contain a number of search filters. Therefore, systematic reviews. Discussion: The Pearl Harvesting a further analysis was done to create the complete set of Information Retrieval Theory was valuable in developing polysemic terms for systematic review as a second, two equivalent search filters for systematic reviews. The equivalent filter. The question was how extensive was the polysemic filter has an ease of use. The rich text filter is loss of precision at the real world search level where more precise and of value if the search yields a high volume population and intervention filters were included. Results: of citations. This study indicated that search precision is a There were 110 specific linguistic markers found for a relative phenomena depending on context.

Information Literacy on the Move: Delivering Library Training to Hospital Staff with a Mobile Computer Lab

Katie D. McLean, Vivien Gorham, and Katie Quinn Librarian Educator, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Halifax, NS; Library Technician, Hospital Library Services, Halifax, NS

Introduction: Reliable access to well-maintained computer Results: Prior to delivery of training events through labs and a dependable Internet connection can be hard to the mobile lab, clients consistently provided negative come by in the hospital environment. With the majority of feedback regarding the state of hospital computers. One information resources being online, and local resources year after mobile lab implementation, negative feedback failing to support easy access, the library needed a better citing computer issues dropped by over 90%. Numbers of option for delivering instruction. Would a mobile computer persons trained remained relatively consistent with previ- lab maintained by library staff provide a practical solution? ous years, at approximately 720 persons, during the first Methods: Library staff researched other libraries using year of mobile lab use. Cost per person trained was mobile labs and purchased four laptops, an Internet Hot- about $6.00 in the first year. Discussion: Use of a mobile spot, four mice, and a carrying case on wheels. The mobile computer lab increased client satisfaction with library lab was used for all standard library training over a period training, and was found to be well worth the initial cost. of one year. Training attendance, evaluations and overall Other hospital libraries may find this approach a worth- cost were used to measure the success of the intervention. while investment. 98 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016

Health and Literacy: The Mini-Med School and the Literacy Foundation Working Together to Reach Native Children Monique Clar, Sophie Chiasson, E´ ric Drouin, Bianca Seminaro, and Maryse Fagnant Health Sciences Librarian, Bibliothe`que de la sante´, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC; Library technician, Service des acquisition, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC; First Nations Program Advisor, De´partement de pe´diatrie, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC; Student, E´ cole de bibliothe´conomie et des sciences de l’information, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC; Medical student, Medical School, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montre´al, QC

The Mini-Med School (MMS) aims to motivate Native Reading program aims to prevent reading and writing children to stay in school, introduce them to the health difficulties by giving books to underprivileged children. professions and encourage them to have healthy living The MMS and the Library are joining forces with practices. As reading skills play a major role in student the Foundation to give children a better access to books. retention, the MMS, in collaboration with the Health The medical librarian will continue working with the Library and the Literacy Foundation, is taking actions to schools to upgrade the donated collections according to facilitate children’s access to books. The MMS is a data on book usage and appreciation. MMS book collec- University program where health sciences students visit tions will also be provided to three additional Native Native communities’ schools. The Health Library partici- schools. On the other hand, The Gift of Reading program pates in those visits, develops book collections with the will now reach many Native children at home in those school libraries and recruits LIS students for the MMS communities, by allowing them to receive a brand new book booth. The Literacy Foundation’s The Gift of book.

PRESS: Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies 2015 Updated Guideline Statement

Margaret Sampson, Jessie McGowan, Douglas M. Salzwedel, Elise Cogo, and Carol Lefebvre Manager, Library Services, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON; Health information consultant / Adjunct professor, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Trials Search Coordinator / Information Specialist, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Research Consultant and Information Specialist, Independent, Scarborough, ON; Independent Information Consultant, Lefebvre Associates Ltd, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Introduction: To update an evidence-based guideline for for librarians implementing PRESS in their practice. An peer review of searches for evidence syntheses, including elaboration and explanation document was also prepared systematic reviews and health technology assessments, and documenting complete methods for the update as well as to assess the evidence of impact of peer review on search systematic review findings. Results: Several studies showed performance. Methods: Evidence-based elements related to that peer review checklists were effective at improving search search quality or search errors were identified through a quality. Six existing PRESS elements were retained and their systematic review, web-based survey and international peer review will be briefly described: translation of the consensus development forum. Eligible evidence for the research question; Boolean and proximity operators; subject systematic review related either to individual search ele- headings; text word search; limits and filters, syntax and line ments or checklists of elements and must have reported numbers; and spelling. No new elements were identified for impact on recall or precision. Evidence was summarized and addition to the existing PRESS Evidence Based Checklist integrated with expert opinion obtained from the survey and (2010) and no evidence refuted any of the existing elements. forum. A guideline statement was published including an Survey respondents and forum participants recommended assessment form, guidance on its use and recommendations that peer review should occur after the MEDLINE search LIGHTNING TALKS / PRE´ SENTATIONS E´ CLAIR 99 has been developed but before other database searches are 2015 Guideline Statement (http://www.sciencedirect.com/ developed. The element related to translation of the search science/article/pii/S0895435616000585) including the Assess- for other databases was removed, with the recommendation ment Form, guidance in its use and recommendations for that translations be peer reviewed at the discretion of the librarians implementing PRESS in their practice. The PRESS search developer. Discussion: PRESS provides tools to guide Explanation andamp; Elaboration (https://www.cadth.ca/ the peer review of electronic search strategies and improve press-2015-guideline-explanation-and-elaboration) reports their effectiveness. Elements presented here are detailed in complete methods for the update as well as results of the the PRESS: Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies systematic review.

eSRAP: A System for Collaborative Monitoring of Latest Trends in Patient-Oriented Research

Vera Granikov, David Li Tang, France Bouthillier, and Pierre Pluye Research-embedded health information specialist, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Adjunct Professor, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Associate Professor, School of Information Studies, McGill University, Montreal, QC; Full Professor, FRQS Senior Research Scholar, Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC

Introduction: Despite numerous literature surveillance they are indexed in bibliographic databases (e.g., Scopus). tools and applications, users continue to be challenged by Users then read and rate abstracts according to community- time constraints, information overload, and insufficient determined appraisal criteria. The main advantages of appraisal skills. eSRAP is a collaborative research trend eSRAP are the collaborative “filtering” of most relevant monitoring system for Patient Oriented Research (POR). high quality studies and user-based customization. To Through crowdsourcing, its purpose is to help POR com- identify the barriers and the facilitators associated with munities to quickly identify relevant high quality studies, to system use, we will use a mixed methods design, combining a support teaching, continuing education, preparation of prospective observational study with a qualitative multiple protocols, and publications. Methods: eSRAP is an open case study. Evaluation results will be used to improve access system funded by the ‘Methodological Develop- eSRAP and will contribute to knowledge on research trend ments’ platform of the Quebec SPOR-SUPPORT Unit. monitoring and literature surveillance tools. Finally, lessons Using search strategies developed by a librarian and subject learned may be transferable to other professional groups experts, the system retrieves new publications as soon as facing challenges associated with staying current.

Librarians! Let’s Leverage Our Role to Raise the Quality of Biomedical Research

Heather Cunningham, Erica Lenton, Ana Patricia Ayala, and Shona Kirtley Assistant Director, Research and Innovation Unit, Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Faculty Liaison and Instruction Librarian, Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; Instruction and Faculty Liaison Librarian, Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; EQUATOR Knowledge and Information Manager/Senior Research Information Specialist, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Objective: Reducing research waste through adherence to collaborating on protocol registration and publication as protocols and reporting guidelines is increasingly important crucial. Incorporating protocol adherence in the early stages in health science research. This presentation examines how of synthesis studies will result in a more robust manuscript librarians can leverage our participation on research teams and will ease the journal submission process. Program to raise awareness of, and compliance with, reporting Evaluation: A mixed methods approach of this long term guidelines and protocols for biomedical research. Brief study will measure protocol compliance, knowledge and Description: Dedication to research reproducibility is a key experience of research teams regarding reporting guidelines. aspect of our library’s knowledge synthesis service. We see Anticipated Outcomes: Reproducibility of the knowledge 100 JCHLA / JABSC Vol. 37, 2016 synthesis model for other libraries/settings; librarians use positively impact the quality of biomedical research; deter- their unique position in the knowledge synthesis cycle to mining incentives and barriers to reporting guideline raise awareness about reporting guidelines; open dialogue in compliance; demonstrating improved quality in the conduct the medical librarianship community on the ways they can and reporting of knowledge syntheses.

Dare to Know: Sharing the Value of the Library

Susan Baer Director of Libraries and Archives, Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, SK

Introduction: To raise awareness of the library’s value to to capture all comments. Quotes were selected to integrate the organization to avoid cuts to the library’s budget, a into the library’s rebranding project. During library week, multi-faceted promotional campaign was designed featur- the new pamphlet was launched, and five promotional ing the library’s new brand. Under the provincial library messages were broadcast using digital signage, websites, week theme, five champions shared their insights regarding posters, the organization’s e-newsletter and email in an the value of the library to their practice, providing excellent, attempt to capture the attention of clinical staff. Statistics impartial quotes for promotion with other clinical staff. from previous research studies connecting the library’s Methods: Champions were selected based on frequency of value to patient care reinforced the messaging. Snapshots of library use or from large research projects. The campaign library statistics before library week were compared with also included comments from the CEO regarding the statistics for the following two months. Along with the library’s alignment with the organization’s goals. Interviews increase in usage, the advocacy component was an immea- consisted of five questions of 15 minutes, which were taped surable benefit of the campaign.

Finding the Middle Ground Between a Web Specialist and the Wild West: A New Web Governance Model for an Academic Health Sciences Library

Susanna Galbraith and Stephanie Sanger Virtual Services Librarian, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON; Clinical Services Librarian, Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON

Purpose: This project investigated current web gover- accountability, roles and decision-making authority for an nance practices within and outside libraries to develop an organization’s web presence. Challenges we foresee with internal web governance model for an academic health implementing the proposed governance model include sciences library. Setting/Participants/Resources: Librarians working with existing organizational structures, change in collaboration with the management committee at an management and buy-in from library staff. Results/ academic health sciences library. Brief Description: This Outcome: The new web governance model has been project was initiated by the director of the library to solve presented to the management committee at the library. existing issues with content management and web manage- The recommendations are being finalized for implementa- ment at the library. This talk describes the process, final tion. Evaluation Method: The recommendations will be outcome successes and challenges encountered in develop- piloted for one year. Library staff will be surveyed before, ing a new web governance model. Web governance for this during and again at the end of the year to assess the project’s project has been defined as a framework for establishing success.