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RECOVERING EVICTED MEMORIES an Exploration of Heritage Policies, Intangible Heritage, and Storytelling in Vancouver, BC

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RECOVERING EVICTED MEMORIES an Exploration of Heritage Policies, Intangible Heritage, and Storytelling in Vancouver, BC RECOVERING EVICTED MEMORIES An exploration of heritage policies, intangible heritage, and storytelling in Vancouver, BC by Diana E. Leung BA (Honours), Simon Fraser University, 2004 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Community and Regional Planning) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (VANCOUVER) April 2008 Diana E. Leung, 2008 ABSTRACT In 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage to officially recognize the value of non-physical heritage. Previously, established conservation standards focused on physical heritage, namely historic architecture, which generally reflected the values of western societies but did not necessarily accommodate other forms of cultural heritage. The adoption of the Convention signified a shift towards a more inclusive approach. My thesis grounds this international discussion in a locality by examining conservation issues and practices in Vancouver, British Columbia. My thesis contains two key findings: (1) Echoing international criticism of established conservation standards, Vancouver’s heritage conservation policies tend to systemically favour aesthetically significant and structurally robust architecture. As a result, certain histories without existing architecture become obsolete, leaving a selective history in Vancouver’s everyday landscape. (2) At the same time, Vancouver has also hosted a number of community history projects. These recent projects have been able to recover fading memories of this landscape through storytelling, a form of intangible heritage, and to reconnect these histories to the locations where they originated (what Pierre Nora (1989) calls milieux de mémoire). My recommendations include a formal integration of intangible heritage projects with the established heritage conservation program and suggest opportunities to achieve this integration. These recommendations hope to encourage a more inclusive approach that recognizes a place’s history contains diverse, coexisting and overlapping narratives, and acknowledges the parts of this history that may be damaged by forces of gentrification, urban renewal and colonization. By approaching the city’s landscape as a palimpsest, inclusive heritage conservation practice can make Vancouver more than a site of residence with aesthetic character, but a place that owns its past. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract........................................................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents........................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................v List of Figures................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements....................................................................................................................... vii Dedication.................................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Research Questions, Objectives, and Methods....................................................................3 Four Premises Guiding the Research ..................................................................................6 Organization of the Thesis...................................................................................................8 Examining Public Heritage with the Field of Urban Planning ..........................................10 CHAPTER II Places of Memory: Identity, evictions and inventions..........................................13 The Genius Loci.................................................................................................................14 Economic Factors...............................................................................................................15 Political Factor...................................................................................................................20 Nationalism/Colonialism/Erasure......................................................................................24 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................30 CHAPTER III Vancouver and Heritage Policies.........................................................................32 Case City: Vancouver, British Columbia...........................................................................33 Heritage Policies ................................................................................................................34 Issue One: Architectural emphasis.....................................................................................37 Issue Two: Missing communities, missing histories .........................................................42 Issue Three: Lost references ..............................................................................................44 Discussion: Relating to the Genius Loci............................................................................50 iii CHAPTER IV Neo-storytelling as Intangible Heritage...............................................................55 Intangible Heritage: A background of UNESCO’s development......................................58 On Story and Storytelling ..................................................................................................60 Bringing Storytelling to the Streets....................................................................................63 Our Community Story........................................................................................................64 Portrait V2K.......................................................................................................................72 Neo-storytelling: Negotiating ideals of storytelling ..........................................................77 Neo-storytelling for Integrated Heritage............................................................................79 CHAPTER V In-depth Case Study: Storyscapes Chinatown......................................................82 Storyscapes ........................................................................................................................85 Storyscapes Chinatown......................................................................................................88 The Chinatown Context .....................................................................................................89 Recovering Other Stories...................................................................................................99 Reclaiming Place Identity................................................................................................115 CHAPTER VI Recommendations and Concluding Thoughts...................................................119 Policy Recommendations.................................................................................................123 Considerations for Operating Local History Projects......................................................131 Placing Memory, Constructing Identity...........................................................................138 Appendices...................................................................................................................................141 References....................................................................................................................................146 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Vancouver Population by Distribution and Concentration.......................................34 Table 3.2 The Vancouver Heritage Register.............................................................................37 Table 3.3 City of Vancouver’s Heritage Register “Evaluation Methodology” ........................38 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Yip Sang and Family in Front the Wing Sang Building...........................................48 Figure 3.2 Wing Sang Building..................................................................................................49 Figure 3.3 Redevelopment Models for the Wing Sang and EAST Buildings............................49 Figure 5.1 Promotional Postcard for Storyscapes Chinatown....................................................83 Figure 5.2 Christos Dikeakos, Between Keefer, Shanghai Alley & Carrall Street ....................89 Figure 5.3 Chinatown Heritage Sites .........................................................................................95 Figure 5.4 Downtown Eastside Context Map ............................................................................97 Figure 5.5 Jeffery Thomas, Indian Treaty No.1.......................................................................116 Figure 5.6 Edgar Heap of Birds, British Columbia Today Your Host is Lil’wat .....................117 Figure 6.1 Lauren Marsden, Photograph of Hogan’s Alley Welcomes You Installation..........122 Figure 6.2 “The Bowl”, Flight 93 Memorial Project ...............................................................125 vi
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