DOCSLIB.ORG

Therapeutic Microbiology : Probiotics and Related Strategies / [Edited By] James Versalovic, Michael Wilson

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Therapeutic Microbiology PROBIOTICS AND RELATED STRATEGIES This page intentionally left blank Therapeutic Microbiology PROBIOTICS AND RELATED STRATEGIES Edited by James Versalovic Department of Pathology, Texas Childrens Hospital, Houston Michael Wilson Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom Washington, DC Copyright © 2008 ASM Press American Society for Microbiology 1752 N Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036-2904 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Therapeutic microbiology : probiotics and related strategies / [edited by] James Versalovic, Michael Wilson. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-55581-403-8 1. Probiotics. 2. Microorganisms—Therapeutic use. I. Versalovic, James. II. Wilson, Michael, 1947 Apr. 12– [DNLM: 1. Probiotics—therapeutic use. 2. Gastrointestinal Diseases—prevention & control. 3. Gastrointestinal Diseases—therapy. 4. Intestines—immunology. 5. Intestines—microbiology. QU 145.5 T398 2008] RM666.P835T54 2008 615Ј.329––dc22 2008016646 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Address editorial correspondence to: ASM Press, 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904, U.S.A. Send orders to: ASM Press, P.O. Box 605, Herndon, VA 20172, U.S.A. Phone: 800-546-2416; 703-661-1593 Fax: 703-661-1501 Email: [email protected] Online: estore.asm.org Contents Contributors ix Preface xv 1. Introduction 1 1 Introduction 3 Mary Ellen Sanders 2. Basic Biology 7 2.1. The Indigenous Microbiota 9 2 Role of the Indigenous Microbiota in Health and Disease 9 Gerald W. Tannock 2.2. Biology of Effector Organisms for Probiotic and Replacement Therapy 19 3 Lactobacilli 19 Covadonga Barbés 4 Bifi dobacteria: the Model Human Gut Commensal 35 Marco Ventura, Francesca Turroni, Angela Ribbera, Elena Foroni, and Douwe van Sinderen 5 Saccharomyces spp. 51 Xinhua Chen and Ciarán P. Kelly v vi Contents 6 Streptococci as Effector Organisms for Probiotic and Replacement Therapy 61 John R. Tagg, Jeremy P. Burton, Philip A. Wescombe, and Chris N. Chilcott 7 Escherichia coli 83 Michael Schultz 8 Formulation, Administration, and Delivery of Probiotics 97 Kasipathy Kailasapathy 2.3. Prebiotics and Functional Carbohydrates 119 9 Introduction to Prebiotics 119 Helena M. R. T. Parracho, Delphine M. Saulnier, Anne L. McCartney, and Glenn R. Gibson 10 Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Prebiotics 131 Giovanni V. Coppa and Orazio Gabrielli 11 Inulin-Type Fructans 147 Jan Van Loo and Douwina Bosscher 12 Resistant Starch as a Prebiotic 159 Anthony R. Bird and David L. Topping 13 Effects of Prebiotic Supplementation on Bone Mineral Metabolism and Weight in Humans 175 Steven A. Abrams 14 Prebiotics and Lipid Metabolism 183 Nathalie M. Delzenne, Patrice D. Cani, and Audrey M. Neyrinck 2.4. Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria 193 15 Functional Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria 193 Tri Duong and Todd R. Klaenhammer 2.5. Proteomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria 205 16 Proteomic Approaches To Study Lactic Acid Bacteria 205 David P. A. Cohen, Elaine E. Vaughan, Willem M. de Vos, and Erwin G. Zoetendal 3. Therapeutic Microbiology in Human Medicine 223 3.1. Probiotics 225 17 Probiotics in Human Medicine: Overview 225 Jennifer K. Spinler and James Versalovic Contents vii 18 Probiotics and Other Organisms in Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases 231 G. A. W. Rook and N. Witt 19 Probiotics in Oral Biology and Dentistry 249 J. H. Meurman 20 Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases 255 Francisco Guarner 21 Probiotics and Diseases of the Genitourinary Tract 271 Gregor Reid 22 Probiotics in Neurology and Psychiatry 285 Paul Forsythe and John Bienenstock 3.2. Prebiotics 299 23 Prebiotics in Human Medicine 299 Ian Rowland 3.3. Synbiotics 307 24 Synbiotics in Human Medicine 307 Stig Bengmark 4. Therapeutic Microbiology in Veterinary Medicine 323 25 Strategies for Altering the Intestinal Microbiota of Animals 325 Sergey R. Konstantinov and Jerry Wells 26 Probiotics in Veterinary Medicine 341 J. Scott Weese, Shayan Sharif, and Alex Rodriguez-Palacios 27 Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Companion Animal Science 357 David Hernot, Eva Ogué, George Fahey, and Robert A. Rastall 5. Viral Strategies 371 28 Phage Therapy 373 Mikael Skurnik, Saija Kiljunen, and Maria Pajunen 6. Future Prospects 391 29 The Road Ahead: a Look at the Future 393 James Versalovic and Michael Wilson Index 397 This page intentionally left blank Contributors Steven A. Abrams USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, and Dept. of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030 Covadonga Barbés Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain Stig Bengmark Institute of Hepatology, University College London Medical School, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom John Bienenstock The Brain-Body Institute and Dept. of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Anthony R. Bird Commonwealth Scientifi c and Industrial Research Organization, Food Futures National Research Flagship, and CSIRO Human Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia Douwina Bosscher BENEO-Orafti, Aandorenstraat 1, B3300 Tienen, Belgium Jeremy P. Burton BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand ix x Contributors Patrice D. Cani Université Catholique de Louvain, School of Pharmacy, MD/FARM/PMNT 7369 UCL, 73 Avenue Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium Xinhua Chen Division of Gastroenterology, Dana 601A, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 Chris N. Chilcott BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand David P. A. Cohen Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 11, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands Giovanni V. Coppa Institute of Maternal-Infantile Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy Willem M. de Vos Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands Nathalie M. Delzenne Université Catholique de Louvain, School of Pharmacy, MD/FARM/PMNT 7369 UCL, 73 Avenue Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium Tri Duong Genomic Sciences Graduate Program, Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 George Fahey Dept. of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801 Elena Foroni Dept. of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Paul Forsythe The Brain-Body Institute and Dept. of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Orazio Gabrielli Institute of Maternal-Infantile Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy Glenn R. Gibson Dept. of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom Francisco Guarner Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBEREHD, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain Contributors xi David Hernot Dept. of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801 Kasipathy Kailasapathy Probiotics and Encapsulated Functional Foods Research Unit, School of Natural Sciences, Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith DC, Locked Bag 1797, NSW 1797, Australia Ciarán P. Kelly Division of Gastroenterology, Dana 601A, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215 Saija Kiljunen Dept. of Virology, University of Turku, 00014 Turku, Finland Todd R. Klaenhammer Dept. of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences and Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Sergey R. Konstantinov Duke University Medical Center, 272 Jones Bldg., Durham, NC 27710 Anne L. McCartney Dept. of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom J. H. Meurman Institute of Dentistry and Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PB 41, University of Helsinki, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland Audrey M. Neyrinck Université Catholique de Louvain, School of Pharmacy, MD/FARM/PMNT 7369 UCL, 73 Avenue Mounier, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium Eva Ogué Dept. of Food Biosciences, P.O. Box 226, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom Maria Pajunen Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Helena M. R. T. Parracho Dept. of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom Robert A. Rastall Dept. of Food Biosciences, P.O. Box 226, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom Gregor Reid Canadian R&D Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, F2-116, 268 Grosvenor St., London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada xii Contributors Angela Ribbera Dept. of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Alex Rodriguez-Palacios Dept. of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 G. A. W. Rook Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences,
Recommended publications
  • Covadonga Y El Regionalismo Asturiano * Carolyn P

    Covadonga Y El Regionalismo Asturiano * Carolyn P

    Ayer 64/2006 (4): 149-178 ISSN: 1134-2277 Covadonga y el regionalismo asturiano * Carolyn P. Boyd University of California, Irvine Resumen: Este artículo aborda la política cultural del regionalismo y del nacionalismo en España a través del disputado significado otorgado al mito de Covadonga, conocido tradicionalmente como el «lugar de naci- miento de la Reconquista». Como mito de gran significación histórica tanto para la región asturiana como para la nación española, Covadonga también es un mito fundamental que creó identidad colectiva y que ejem- plificó el patriotismo dual de los regionalistas asturianos. Sin embargo, entre los tradicionalistas católicos y los reformistas europeizantes surgió una disputa acerca de las diferentes interpretaciones de la identidad y la historia regional y nacional. La conmemoración oficial del 1200 aniversa- rio de la «batalla» de Covadonga en 1918 marcó el triunfo de la interpre- tación nacional-católica del mito, que a partir de entonces se transformó en un símbolo de identidad regional partidista, antes que en un símbolo compartido. Palabras clave: regionalismo, nacionalismo, políticas culturales, Asturias, España, siglos XIX y XX. Abstract: This essay examines the cultural politics of regionalism and nation- alism in Spain by focusing on the contested meaning of the myth of Cov- adonga, traditionally known as the «birthplace of the Reconquest.» As a myth with historical significance for both the Asturian region and the Spanish nation, Covadonga was a potentially powerful symbol of collec- tive identity that exemplified the «dual patriotism» of Asturian regional- ists. But a protracted struggle to control the meaning of the myth arose * Traducción de Elvira Asensi (Universitat de Valencia) y revisión de Xosé M.
  • Diagnóstico Territoria Del Concejo De Cangas De Onís

    Diagnóstico Territoria Del Concejo De Cangas De Onís

    Diagnóstico Territorial y Propuestas para el Desarrollo Rural Sostenible del concejo de Cangas de Onís. Trabajo de Fin de Máster en Recursos Territoriales y Estrategias de Ordenación. Adrián Menéndez Sánchez Facultad de Filosofía y Letras 2014/2015 Julio, 2015 Desarrollo Rural Sostenible del Concejo de Cangas de Onís. ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN: ÁREA SELECCIONADA Y OBJETIVOS. _____________ 2 2. DIAGNÓSTICO TERRITORIAL. _____________________________________ 5 2.1. RELIEVE ______________________________________________________ 5 2.2. ASPECTOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS. _____________________________ 10 2.2.1. Morfología glacial. ___________________________________________ 11 2.2.2. Morfología kárstica y fluvial. ___________________________________ 14 2.3. CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DEL CLIMA. _________________ 17 2.4. POBLACIONES Y ACTIVIDADES ECONÓMICAS. ________________ 19 2.4.1. Evolución y distribución de la población. __________________________ 20 2.4.2. Dinámica y estructura demográfica. ______________________________ 24 2.4.3. Actividades económicas. _______________________________________ 27 2.5. RECURSOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS. ________________________________ 29 2.6. ELEMENTOS DE INTERÉS. CUADRO V. _________________________ 30 3. CLAVES ESTRUCTURALES Y COYUNTURALES (MATRIZ DAFO). Cuadro VI._________________ ________________________________________________ 32 4. PROPUESTAS PARA EL DESARROLLO RURAL SOSTENIBLE DEL CONCEJO DE CANGAS DE ONÍS. _____________________________________ 33 4.1. PATRIMONIO HISTÓRICO Y CULTURAL DE CANGAS DE ONÍS. 33 4.2. PAISAJE NATURAL
  • RECONQUEST and REPOPULATION Ence Close to the Church of a Spring Enclosed by Ma- from North Africa Who Overthrew the Visigothic King- Sonry of the Same Period

    RECONQUEST and REPOPULATION Ence Close to the Church of a Spring Enclosed by Ma- from North Africa Who Overthrew the Visigothic King- Sonry of the Same Period

    RECONQUEST AND REPOPULATION ence close to the church of a spring enclosed by ma- from North Africa who overthrew the Visigothic king- sonry of the same period. It is likely that the site was dom in 711. Modern historians have questioned the part of a royal estate. validity of this traditional concept, but Derek Lomax ROGER COLLINS pointed out that the Reconquest was “an ideal invented by Spanish Christians soon after 711” and developed Bibliography in the ninth-century kingdom of Asturias. Given the failure of the Muslims to occupy the Collins, R., Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, entire Iberian Peninsula, several tiny, independent 400–1000. London, 1983, 108–45. kingdoms and counties emerged in the foothills of the Navascue´s, J. M. de. La dedicacio´n de San Juan de Ban˜os. Palencia, 1961. Cantabrian and Pyrenees mountains, namely, Asturias, Thompson, E. A. The Goths in Spain. Oxford, 1969, Leo´n, Castile, Navarre, Arago´n, and Catalonia. The 199–210. idea of reconquest originated in Asturias, where King Pelayo (718–737), the leader of a hardy band of moun- taineers, proclaimed his intention to achieve the salus RECEMUND Spanie—the “salvation of Spain”—and the restoration Bishop of Elvira and caliphal secretary (mid-tenth cen- of the Gothic people. His victory over the Muslims at tury). Known to the Arabs as Rabi ibn Sid al-Usquf, Covadonga in 722 is traditionally taken as the begin- the Christian Recemund served as a secretary under ning of the Reconquest. A ninth-century chronicler af- the caliph Abd al-Rah.ma¯n III (929–961).
  • ​Unit 4 the Middle Ages in Spain ( a Brief Introduction)

    ​Unit 4 the Middle Ages in Spain ( a Brief Introduction)

    Name: ___________________________ Group: ______ ​UNIT 4 THE MIDDLE AGES IN SPAIN ( A BRIEF INTRODUCTION) A. PREHISTORY. It is the period of History that began when humans first appeared and finished when they learned to read and write. They wore animal skins and slept in caves. The learned to use fire to keep warm,cook and give light at night. The first humans were nomads. They hunted,fished and collected plants and fruit. Later, they stopped moving around and built settlements, villages and towns. At the end of Prehistory, they started building the first cities. They also started to exchange products. It was the beginning of trade. B. ANCIENT HISTORY. It is the period of History that began when people learned to read and write. There were important civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea, the Greeks and the Romans. Phoenicians and Greeks They were great merchants. First the Phoenicians and later the Greeks came to the Iberian Peninsula and established trading centres. The Greeks built buildings and sculptures, some of them were great writers and philosophers. They developed new ideas in science, religion and government. Democracy is a Greek word . The Romans They conquered many lands and made a great empire. The Iberian Peninsula was called Hispania. They spoke in Latin and followed the same laws. They built roads to connect all the cities they conquered to Rome and they also built aqueducts. “The Roman Empire” In 208 BC the Romans conquered the peninsula. The conquer of the Iberian Peninsula lasted for two hundred years. In the 19 BC they finally conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
  • ACCESS to the LAKES by PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May Bank Holiday Summer Autumn-Winter Bank Holidays

    ACCESS to the LAKES by PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May Bank Holiday Summer Autumn-Winter Bank Holidays

    ACCESS TO THE LAKES BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May bank holiday Summer Autumn-Winter bank holidays Covadonga Sanctuary NO RESTRICTIONS TO COVADONGA VISIT AND THE LAKES PICOS DE EUROPA NATIONAL PARK Biosphere Reserve LAKES OF COVADONGA Inside the National Park, in the Cornión Massif, are the Lakes of Covadonga, which are formed by Lakes Enol and La Ercina at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. Visitors can enjoy a series of marked routes, with different lengths and degrees of difficulty to choose from. The Picota Vantage Point is another stop not to be missed, to enjoy a spectacular landscape where water and peaks blend together, permanently etching the view in the visitor’s mind. 1 2 ROYAL SITE ACCESS BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT OF COVADONGA In order to protect the Picos de Europa National Park, a plan has been designed for access to the Lakes of Covadonga and to ensure the Nature, religion and history join sustainability of this unique enclave. This plan regulates access at the together to make Covadonga height of tourist season. a pilgrimage destination and a mandatory stop for visitors. On The rest of the year, the area may be accessed by private vehicle, with no this same mountain where the restrictions. However, the National Park Administration may apply their Kingdom of Asturias was founded, own conservation guidelines and enact complementary regulations we find the Holy Cave, which if the access road becomes backed up or if the parking lots located in houses the image of Our Lady of the vicinity of the Lakes are full (when they reach 90% occupancy).
  • Folleto PDF Alojamientos En Cangas De

    Folleto PDF Alojamientos En Cangas De

    LLUEVES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CO-1 8 9 10 11 Río SELLA BARRIO DE CONTRANQUIL CONCEJO DE CANGAS DE ONÍS CANGAS DE ONÍS A COLEGIO DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Y PRIMARIA ARRIONDAS RECONQUISTA OVIEDO • ALOJAMIENTOS CONCEJO • A RIBADESELLA N-625 PUNTOS DE INTERÉS SANTANDER A-8 HOTELES de N-634 1 CONTRANQUIL E7 Oficina de Turismo / Puerta de los Picos de Europa A-8 RECONQUISTA • Gran Hotel Pelayo - Covadonga - 985 84 60 61 DE 2 E9 Centro de Información del Parque Nacional • Parador de Villanueva - Villanueva - 985 84 94 02 TUNEL S 3 E7 Puente Romano IE AVDA. HOTELES de B R 4 F9 Aula del Reino de Asturias R Llordón A • Aultre Naray (Casona Astur) - Peruyes - 985 84 08 08 D 5 F9 Capilla y Robledal de San Antonio E • Casa de Campo (Rural) - Soto de Cangas - 985 94 02 97 El Llano LA 6 D7 Capilla de Santa Cruz / Altar de la Victoria / Dolmen E JU • Coviella (Rural) - Coviella - 985 84 37 57 S AN C Monfrechu C 7 E9 Palacio de Soto Cortés B • La Ablaneda (Casona Astur) - Soto de Cangas A 899 A La Granda PA R Viña BARRIO L - 985 94 02 46 O 8 E9 Palacio Pintu / Plaza del Mercado N-634 NUEVA DE LLANES DE CONTRANQUIL S • La Casona de Abamia (Rural) - Corain - 985 94 02 55 I • La Tiendona (Rural) - Margolles - 985 84 04 74 Peruyes Agüera -POSADA- 9 E8 Iglesia Parroquial de Santa María Villa • Villa de Mestas - Mestas de Con - 985 94 40 55 Cuenco R AS-340 10 E7-E8 Casas de Indianos ío RÍO SELLA Z a r LA VEGA 11 HOTELES de Miyar d Sierra de Ordiales E8 Calles San Pelayo y Mercado / Zona comercial Sierra de Nanielles ó Triongo n DE CONTRANQUIL Santiso 12 • Auseva - El Repelao - Covadonga - 985 84 60 23 Carceu Igena A6 Camino fluvial a Villanueva • Avelina - Canzolaz - 985 94 71 71 Santianes de Ola 13 A6-G9 Área Recreativa Coviella Faes • Azabache Cardes - Susierra - 985 94 02 14 404 • Azabache Susierra - Susierra, 34 - 649 24 26 38 ARRIONDAS Río de P • Bricial - Soto de Cangas - 985 94 02 23 arda Busto Vela BOLERA SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS Parda • Casa Pepe - Soto de Cangas - 985 94 01 30 C.
  • La Hermandad De Ntra. Sra. De Covadonga, De Asturianos Y Montañeses, De Granada (1702-1810)*

    La Hermandad De Ntra. Sra. De Covadonga, De Asturianos Y Montañeses, De Granada (1702-1810)*

    LA HERMANDAD DE NTRA. SRA. DE COVADONGA, DE ASTURIANOS Y MONTAÑESES, DE GRANADA (1702-1810)* MIGUEL LUIS LOPEZ MUÑOZ RESUMEN La Hermandad de Nuestra Señora de Covadonga, de naturales de Asturias y la Montaña, constituye un ejemplo de cofradía grupal con connotaciones sociales específicas. Nació esta hermandad a comienzos del siglo XVIII, época de cierta presencia asturiana y cántabra en Granada. A lo largo del siglo, se convirtió en núcleo cohesionador de un reducido número de familias, a la vez que gozaba de un saneamiento económico que evidencia su escasa activi­ dad. Tras este proceso de agotamiento, desapareció en la época de la invasión francesa. Su existencia es el testimonio de la voluntad asociativa de personas nacidas en una misma re­ gión, que se traduce en una fórmula de amplio desarrollo en el siglo XVIII: la cofradía cerrada. SUMMARY The Brotherhood of Our Lady of Covadonga, whose members were originally from Astu­ rias and La Montaña (Santander), constitutes an example of a common brotherhood with specific social connotations. This fraternity was founded in Granada at the beginning of the 18th century, a time when there was a considerable Asturian/Cantabrian population in Gra­ nada. Throughout the 18 th century, this community became the cohesive nucleus of a small number of families; however, its limited activity evidences the Brotherhood’s growing lack of economic resources. After this period of depletion, the Brotherhood disappeared altogether during the French occupation of Spain. Its existence is nonetheless a testimony to the com­ munity spirit of persons born in the same region, and exemplifies a social unit which would develop widely in the 18 th century: the closed brotherhood.
  • Historic Organs of Spain

    Historic Organs of Spain

    Historic Organs of Spain Historic organs OF May 13-25, 2013 13 DAYS Spain with J. Michael Barone www.americanpublicmedia.org www.pipedreams.org National broadcasts of Pipedreams are made possible with funding from the National Endowment for the Arts, by a gift from Mr. and Mrs. Wesley C. Dudley, by a grant from the MAHADH Fund of HRK Foundation, by the contributions of listeners to American Public Media stations, and through the support of the Associated Pipe Organ Builders of America, APOBA, representing designers and creators of fine instruments heard throughout the country, on the Web at www.apoba.com, and toll-free at 800-473-5270. See and hear Pipedreams on the Internet 24-7 at www.pipedreams.org. A complete booklet pdf with the tour itinerary can be accessed online at www.pipedreams.org/tour Table of Contents Welcome Letter Page 2 Historical Background Page 3-14 Alphabetical List of Organ Builders Page 15-18 Organ Observations: Some Useful Terms Page 19-20 Discography Page 21-25 Bios of Hosts and Organists Page 26-30 Tour Itinerary Page 31-35 Organ Sites Page 36-103 Rooming List Page 104 Traveler Bios Page 105-108 Hotel List Page 109 Map Inside Back Cover Thanks to the following people for their valuable assistance in creating this tour: Natalie Grenzing, Laia Espuña and Isabel Lavandeira in Barcelona; Sam Kjellberg of American Public Media; Valerie Bartl, Janelle Ekstrom, Cynthia Jorgenson, Janet Tollund, and Tom Witt of Accolades International Tours for the Arts. We also gratefully acknowledge the following sources for this booklet: Asociación Antonio de Cabezón, Asociación Fray Joseph de Echevarria de Amigos del Organo de Gipuzkoa.
  • Cangas De Onís

    Cangas De Onís

    Anexo Determinación de los topónimos oficiales del concejo de Cangas de Onís NOMBRE OFICIAL NOMBRE OFICIAL DESDE CÓDIGO HASTA AHORA AHORA 12 01 00 ABAMIA ABAMIA 12 01 01 Celorio Celoriu La Casina La Martiniega 12 01 02 Coraín Coraín Les Güertes Santu Colás 12 01 03 Corao Corao 12 01 04 Corao Castillo Corao Castiellu La Cantera La Rotella Tresñoceda 12 01 05 Cueto Aleos El Cuetu Aleos Abamia Corigos El Cuetu 12 01 06 La Estrada La Estrada El Candanal Pandisiertos El Puente Intriago La Revuelta Riosol La Teyera 12 01 07 Intriago Intriago El Camperu El Fresñu La Portiella La Vega 12 01 08 Isongo Isongu Ceñal 3 12 01 09 Paroro Paroru El Caxigal La Ería Paroru La Ḥuente El Palaciu La Priada 12 01 10 Perlleces Perlleces La Pasada El Potral 12 01 11 Sobrecueva Sobrecueva La Casa Riba 12 01 12 Soto de Cangas Sotu Cangues La Balsa El Bosque Cauvilla El Colladín El Cruce La Venta 12 01 13 Teleña Teleña El Colláu Llindagüeres Pedrugada Pedrugada Baxu Pedrugada Riba El Peyu CANGUES D’ONÍS / 12 02 00 CANGAS DE ONÍS CANGAS DE ONÍS 12 02 01 Cabielles Cabielles Cangues d’Onís / 12 02 02 Cangas de Onís (capital) Cangas de Onís (capital) El Borinque Cangues d’Arriba Canzolá La Cárcel 4 El Cascayu El Cementeriu El Censu Contranquil El Cortijo El Fondón La Gargantiella El Llanu’l Cura El Lleráu La Llongar El Mercáu los Cochos La Morra El Pandal Parisana La Pedrera El Pedrosu La Plaza El Pozu los Llobos Susierra El Zanjón 12 02 03 Caño Cañu El Barredu 12 02 04 Cardes Cardes El Rabil 12 02 05 Celango Celango El Güertu Sulḥó El Pandal 12 02 06 Helgueras Ḥelgueres
  • Popular Anticlerical Violence and Iconoclasm in Spain, 1931 – 1936

    Popular Anticlerical Violence and Iconoclasm in Spain, 1931 – 1936

    The Faith and the Fury: Popular Anticlerical Violence and Iconoclasm in Spain, 1931 – 1936 Maria Angharad Thomas Royal Holloway University of London Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, 2012 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Maria Angharad Thomas, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 2 Abstract This thesis is an exploration of the motives, mentalities and collective identities which lay behind acts of popular anticlerical violence and iconoclasm during the pre-war Spanish Second Republic (1931-1936) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The five year period following the proclamation of the democratic Second Republic in April 1931 was marked by physical assaults upon the property and public ritual of the Spanish Catholic Church. These grassroots attacks were generally carried out by rural and urban anticlerical workers who were frustrated by the Republic’s practical inability to tackle the Church’s vast power. On 17-18 July 1936, a rightwing military rebellion divided Spain geographically, provoking the radical fragmentation of power in territory which remained under Republican authority. The coup marked the beginning of a conflict which developed into a full-scale civil war. Anticlerical protagonists, with the reconfigured structure of political opportunities working in their favour, participated in an unprecedented wave of iconoclasm and violence against the clergy. During the first six months of the conflict, innumerable religious buildings were destroyed and almost 7,000 religious personnel were killed. This thesis challenges standard interpretations which link these acts to irrationality, criminality and primitiveness.
  • ACCESS to the LAKES by PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May Bank Holiday Summer Autumn-Winter Bank Holidays

    ACCESS to the LAKES by PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May Bank Holiday Summer Autumn-Winter Bank Holidays

    ACCESS TO THE LAKES BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT Holy Week May bank holiday Summer Autumn-Winter bank holidays Covadonga Sanctuary NO RESTRICTIONS TO COVADONGA VISIT AND THE LAKES PICOS DE EUROPA NATIONAL PARK Biosphere Reserve LAKES OF COVADONGA Inside the National Park, in the Cornión Massif, are the Lakes of Covadonga, which are formed by Lakes Enol and La Ercina at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. Visitors can enjoy a series of marked routes, with different lengths and degrees of difficulty to choose from. The Picota Vantage Point is another stop not to be missed, to enjoy a spectacular landscape where water and peaks blend together, permanently etching the view in the visitor’s mind. 1 2 ROYAL SITE ACCESS BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT OF COVADONGA In order to protect the Picos de Europa National Park, a plan has been designed for access to the Lakes of Covadonga and to ensure the Nature, religion and history join sustainability of this unique enclave. This plan regulates access at the together to make Covadonga height of tourist season. a pilgrimage destination and a mandatory stop for visitors. On The rest of the year, the area may be accessed by private vehicle, with no this same mountain where the restrictions. However, the National Park Administration may apply their Kingdom of Asturias was founded, own conservation guidelines and enact complementary regulations we find the Holy Cave, which if the access road becomes backed up or if the parking lots located in houses the image of Our Lady of the vicinity of the Lakes are full (when they reach 90% occupancy).
  • El Asentamiento Altomedieval De La Vega De Corao, Cangas De Onís (Cangas De Onís, Asturias, España) Otilia Requejo Pagés José Avelino Gutiérrez González

    El Asentamiento Altomedieval De La Vega De Corao, Cangas De Onís (Cangas De Onís, Asturias, España) Otilia Requejo Pagés José Avelino Gutiérrez González

    El asentamiento altomedieval de la vega de Corao, Cangas de Onís (Cangas de Onís, Asturias, España) Otilia Requejo Pagés José Avelino Gutiérrez González RESUMEN mente de calizas cretácicas, trabados con arcilla Se presentan los resultados de la intervención ar- y asentados directamente sobre el nivel aluvial queológica realizada en la vega de Corao, en Cangas de del sustrato. Onís (Asturias), donde se han identificado estructuras de hábitat en llano con evidencias de ocupación alto- medieval. LOCALIZACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Además de constituir el primer asentamiento al- deano en llano documentado arqueológicamente en El valle del río Güeña configura un surco preli- Asturias, la trascendencia del lugar radica en su ubica- toral este-oeste entre la vertiente norte del macizo ción y asociación al área cántabro-vadiniense donde occidental de los Picos de Europa o Picos del Cor- surge la primera sede de la monarquía astur, ofrecien- nión, y las sierras prelitorales de Escapa, Cubeta y do algunas respuestas a los interrogantes tradicionales Trapa, que le separan, por el norte, de la costa sobre la caracterización del poblamiento y la sociedad cantábrica. En este espacio se produce un fuerte astur-cántabra de los últimos tiempos de la época anti- contraste entre la gran altitud de las montañas que gua y los primeros medievales. enmarcan el valle (por encima de los 2500 m en las cumbres de los Picos de Europa, en torno a 900 en PALABRAS CLAVE: Excavación, asentamiento, llano, las sierras litorales) y el fondo del valle (entre 80- altomedieval, Asturias 100 m.s.n.m.). Además, la vertiente norte de la Cordillera desciende hasta el piedemonte forman- do un relieve accidentado de sierras y vegas de ori- INTRODUCCIÓN gen glacial, la plataforma de Enol, enmarcada en- tre los abruptos desfiladeros que han trazado los Corao se localiza en el valle del río Güeña, vega ríos Sella, al oeste, y Cares, más al este.