ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ ISRO FACTS- FAQ TNPSC GROUP 2 OT AND CCSE -IV

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who is considered as the "founding father" of Indian Space Programme? Dr Vikram A Sarabhai is considered as the founding father of space programmes in India.

2. When was ISRO formed? ISRO was formed on August 15, 1969.

3. When was constituted? Department of Space (DOS) and the Space Commission were set up in 1972. ISRO was brought under DOS on June 1, 1972

4. What is the main objective of ISRO? The prime objective of ISRO is to develop space technology and its application to various national needs

5. How these Objectives are met? ISRO has established two major space systems, INSAT for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) system for resources monitoring and management. ISRO has developed two satellite launch vehicles, PSLV and GSLV, to place INSAT and IRS satellites in the required orbits.

6. Where the Satellites are made? Satellites are made at ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore.

7. Where the Rockets / Launch vehicles are made? Rockets / Launch Vehicles are made at Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvanathapuram.

8. From where are the rockets launched? ISRO's Launch facility is located at SDSC SHAR from where Launch Vehicles and Sounding Rockets are launched. Sounding rockets are also launched from TERLS at Thiruvananthapuram.

9. How can I order for Satellite data? You can get data from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad. Visit the website: www.nrsc.gov.in for more details.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

10. Where the Space Programme began in India? Indian Space Programme began at Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) located at Thumba near Thiruvanathapuram.

11. Why was Thumba selected for being rocket launching station? The geomagnetic equator of the earth passes over Thumba.

12. What is a ? A sounding rocket is a rocket, which is intended for assessing the physical parameters of the upper atmosphere

13. What does the letter 'RH' and the numerals on an Indian sounding rocket signify? RH stands for '' sounding rocket and the numeral indicate the diameter of the rocket in mm.

14. When was the first rocket launched in India? Which was the rocket? The first rocket, a Nike-Apache, procured from the US, was launched on November 21, 1963.

15. When did India begin developing its own rockets? India’s first indigenous sounding rocket, RH-75, was launched on November 20, 1967.

16. What is the expansion of VSSC and when it was formed? Space Science and Technology Centre (SSTC) was renamed as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in 1972 in honor of Dr Vikram Sarabahi who met with his untimely demise on December 30, 1971.

17. How many Centres are there in ISRO? There are six major Centres and several other Units, Agencies, Facilities and Laboratories spread across the country

18. Where are these Centres located?  Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram;  ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore;  SatishDhawan Space Centre (SDSC – SHAR) at Sriharikota;  Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) at Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore and Mahendragiri  Space Application Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad and  National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

19. What is the major function of these Centres?  Launch Vehicles are build at VSSC, Thiruvananthapuram;  Satellites are designed and developed at ISAC, Bangalore;  Integration and launching of satellites and launch vehicles are carried out from SDSC, Shriharikota;  Development of liquid stages including cryogenic stage is carried out at LPSC, Sensors for Communication and Remote Sensing satellites and application aspects of the space technology are taken up at SAC, Ahmedabad and Remote Sensing satellite data reception processing and dissemination by NRSC, Hyderabad.

20. Which is the first of India? -3 (SLV-3) is the first launch vehicle of India

21. When was it launched? The first successful launch of SLV-3 took place on July 18, 1980 from SDSC SHAR

22. What are the other launch vehicles developed by India? Apart from SLV-3, India developed Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV), Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV).

23. How satellites are broadly classified? Satellites are broadly classified into two, viz., Communication satellites and Remote Sensing satellites.

24. What is a communication satellite? A communication satellite usually operates from the Geosynchronous orbit catering to requirements in communication, television broadcasting, meteorology, disaster warning etc.

25. What is a Remote Sensing satellite? Remote Sensing satellite is intended for natural resource monitoring and management and operates from a Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit (SSPO).

26. What is NNRMS? NNRMS is the acronym for National Natural Resources Management System. NNRMS is an integrated resources management system aimed at optimal utilisation of the natural resources of the country by proper and systematic inventory of resource availability using Remote Sensing data in conjunction with conventional techniques.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

27. Which is the first Indian satellite? is the first Indian satellite

28. From where was it launched? It was launched from the former Soviet Union on April 19, 1975.

29. Which is the heaviest satellite launched by India from Indian soil? GSLV Mark III carrying the 3136 kg communication satellite,is the heaviest satellite launched from India.Called the Fat Boy Satellite

30. Which is the first operational launch vehicle of India? PSLV is the first operational launch vehicle of India. It had so far three developmental flights and nineteen operational flights - 21 continuously successful flights.

31. What is Chandrayaan-1? Chandrayaan-1 is a scientific investigation – by spacecraft – of the Moon. The name Chandrayaan means “Chandra- Moon, Yaan-vehicle”, –in Indian languages (Sanskrit and Hindi) , – the lunar spacecraft. Chandrayaan-1 is the first Indian planetary science and exploration mission.

32. When, and from where, Chandrayaan-1 was launched? Chandrayaan-1 was launched on October 22, 2008 from SatishDhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota (SHAR), India.

33. How long Chandrayaan-1 was operational? Chandrayaan-1 was operational for 312 days till August 28, 2009.

34. What are Chandrayaan's scientific goals? The Chandrayaan-1 mission is aimed at high-resolution Remote Sensing of the Lunar surface in visible, near Infrared, low energy X-rays and high-energy X-ray regions. Specific scientific goals are: To prepare a three-dimensional (with a high spatial and altitude resolution of 5-10 m) of both near and far side of the moon. To conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface for distribution of mineral and chemical elements such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Iron and Titanium as well as high atomic number elements such as Radon, Uranium & Thorium with high spatial resolution. By simultaneous photo geological and chemical mapping, we will be to identify different geological units, which will test the hypothesis for the origin and early evolutionary history of the moon and help in determining the nature of the lunar crust.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

35. What are Chandrayaan's scientific goals? The Chandrayaan-1 mission is aimed at high-resolution Remote Sensing of the Lunar surface in visible, near Infrared, low energy X-rays and high-energy X-ray regions. Specific scientific goals are: To prepare a three-dimensional atlas (with a high spatial and altitude resolution of 5-10 m) of both near and far side of the moon. To conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface for distribution of mineral and chemical elements such as Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Calcium, Iron and Titanium as well as high atomic number elements such as Radon, Uranium & Thorium with high spatial resolution. By simultaneous photo geological and chemical mapping, we will be able to identify different geological units, which will test the hypothesis for the origin and early evolutionary history of the moon and help in determining the nature of the lunar crust.

36. What is the temperature on the moon? The moon undergoes extremes in temperature - the side of the Moon receiving sunlight becomes scorching hot at about 130 ºC, and freezing cold at -180 ºC during night

37. Is there any Life on moon? So far none of the lunar missions have detected any signature of presence of life on the Moon.

38. Why do we see only one side of the Moon? As the Moon orbits, it always presents the same side towards the Earth. This is so because Earth's gravity has slowed the Moon's rotation so that it just matches the time it takes to go around the Earth. So the Moon takes the same amount of time to revolve around the Earth as it takes to rotate around its spin axis.

39. What is the total budget for realising Chandrayaan-1 mission? The budgetary estimate for realising the proposed Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 stands at Rs. 386.00 crores (about $76 million). This includes Rs. 53.00 crores (about $11 million) for Payload development, Rs. 83.00 crores (about $17 million) for Spacecraft Bus, Rs. 100.00 crores ($20 million) towards establishment of Deep Space Network, Rs. 100.00 crores ($20 million) for PSLV launch vehicle and Rs. 50.00 crores ($10 million) for scientific data centre, external network support and programme management expenses.

40. What is Antrix? Antrix is the commercial wing of ISRO, a single window agency for marketing Indian space capabilities both products and services to the world.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

Established 15 August 1969 ந쟁வய鏁

Headquarters

Bangalore தலைலையக믍

Primary

SatishDhawan Space Centre, 믁தꟍலை வ迍வவள Sriharikota, ,

நலைய믍 சத� தவꟍ வ迍வவள லைய믍

(Chairman) A. S. Kiran Kumar

)தலைவத( ஏகம迍迍ைத.எ.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

ISRO ON MISSION SO FAR

 92 Spacecraft Missions  64 Launch Missions  9 Student Satellites  2 Re-entry Missions  209 Foreign Satellites(of 28 countries) List of Re-entry Missions

S.NO NAME LAUNCH DATE LAUNCH VEHICLE

1. SRE-1 Jan 10, 2007 PSLV-C7 / -2 / SRE-1 2. Crew module Atmospheric Re- Dec 18, 2014 LVM-3/CARE Mission entry Experiment (CARE)

List of Student Satellites

S.N NAME LAUNCH MASS LAUNCH VEHICLE O DATE 1. NIUSAT Jun 23, 2017 15 kg PSLV-C38 / Cartosat-2 Series Satellite 2. PISAT Sep 26, 2016 5.25 kg PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1

3. PRATHAM Sep 26, 2016 10 kg PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1

4. SATHYABAMASAT Jun 22, 2016 1.5 kg PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite 5. SWAYAM Jun 22, 2016 1kg PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Series Satellite 6. Jugnu Oct 12, 2011 3 kg PSLV-C18/Megha- Tropiques

7. SRMSat Oct 12, 2011 10.9 kg PSLV-C18/Megha- Tropiques

8. STUDSAT Jul 12, 2010 <1 kg PSLV-C15/CARTOSAT-2B

9. ANUSAT Apr 20, 2009 40 kg PSLV-C12 / RISAT-2

ISRO 2016 AND 2017 SATELLITE - PSLV ARUL IAS ACADEMY ISRO- FAQ

Title Launch Launcher Orbit Payload

Date Type

IRNSS-1H Aug 31, PSLV-C39 2017

PSLV-C38 / Cartosat-2 Jun 23, PSLV-XL SSPO Cartosat-2 Series Series Satellite 2017 Satellite

PSLV-C37 / Cartosat -2 Feb 15, PSLV-XL SSPO Cartosat -2 Series Series Satellite 2017 Satellite

PSLV-C36 / Dec 07, PSLV-XL SSPO RESOURCESAT-2A

RESOURCESAT-2A 2016

PSLV-C35 / SCATSAT-1 Sep 26, PSLV SSPO SCATSAT-1 2016

PSLV-C34 / CARTOSAT-2 Jun 22, PSLV-XL SSPO CARTOSAT-2

Series Satellite 2016 Series Satellite

PSLV-C33/IRNSS-1G Apr 28, PSLV-XL GTO IRNSS-1G 2016

PSLV-C32/IRNSS-1F Mar 10, PSLV-XL GTO IRNSS-1F 2016

PSLV-C31/IRNSS-1E Jan 20, PSLV-XL GTO IRNSS-1E 2016

ISRO 2016 AND 2017 SATELLITE - GSLV

GSAT-19 Jun 05, GSLV Mk III-D1/GSAT-19 GSO GSAT-19

2017 Mission

GSLV-F09 / GSAT-9 May 05, GSLV GSO GSAT-9 2017

GSLV-F05 / INSAT- Sep 08, GSLV-MK-II GTO INSAT- 3DR 2016 3DR