THE STUDENTS ROMA , Dhananjayarao Gadgil Libl ------1': 11111111111111111111111111111111111111 ,j GIPE-PUNE:00163 A HISTOhx
ROMAN EMPIRE
FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE DEATH OF MARCUS AURELIUS.
(27 B.C.-ISO A.D.}
By J. B. BURY, M.A.,
PROPBSSOB OJ' IlODBBN HJSTORY, TRINITY COLLEGE. DUBLIN.
SEOOND EDITION, REVISED.
LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1896. LONDON: PRINTED BY WJLLlAIl CLOWES AND SONS; t.UIITED, BTAKFOBD STREET AND CIIAlUNG CROss.. PREFACE.
IQI
IT is well known that for the period of Roman history, which is of all its periods perhaps the most important-the first two centuries of the Empire-there exists no English handbook suitable for use in Universities and Schools. The consequence of this want in our educational course is that the knowledge of Roman history possessed by students, who are otherwise men of considerable attainments in classical literature, comes to a sudden end at the Battle of Actium. At least, their systematic knowledge ends there; of the subsequent history they know only isolated facts gathered at haphazard from Horace, J uvenal and Tacitus.. This much-felt need will, it is hoped, be met by the present volume, which bridges the gap between the Student's ROlne and the Student's Gibbon. This work has been written directly from the original sources. But it is almost unnecessary t(} say that the author is under deep obligations to many modern guides. He is indebted above all to Mommsen's Romiscl.es Staats recht, and to the fifth volume of the same historian's ROlniscl.e GescMchte. He must also acknowledge the constant aid which he has aerived from Merivale's History of tl.e Romans under the Empire, Schiller's Gescltichte der rQmiscl.en Kaiserzeit, and Herzog's Gescltichte und System der romiscl.en Staatsverfassung. Dnruy's History of Rome has been occasionally useful. The lesser and more special books which" have been consulted with adv:antage are too numerous to mention. Gardthausen's (~s yet incomplete) work on AuguBtus, Lehmann's monograph on Claudius iv PREFACE. (with invaluable genealogical tables),. Schiller's large monograph on Nero, De la Berge and Dierauer on Trajan, Diirr on the journeys of Hadrian, Lacour-Gayet on Antoninus Pius,: Hirschfeld's Untersuchungen auj dem Gebiete der riimischen Verwaltung8geschicl~te are the most important. The assistance derived from XenopoI's paper on Trajan's Dacian wars in the Revue historique (xxxi., 1886) must be specially acknowledged. Of editions, the ]}[onumentum Anc'!Jranum by Mommsen, the Annals of Tacitus by Mr. Furneaux, the Correspondence qf Pliny and Trajan and Plutarch's Lives oj Galba and Otlto by Mr. Hardy, the Satires qf Juvenal by Mr Mayor, the Epigrams oj Martial by Friedlander, have been most helpful. The author has also had the advantage of the learning of -Mr. L. C. Purser, whose great kindness in reading the proof-sheets with minute care cannot be sufficiently acknowledged. It is hoped that the ooncluding chapter on Roman Life and J[anners will be found useful. It is compiled from the materials furnished in Friedlander's Sittenge8cl~icltte, various articles in the new edition of Sir W. Smith's lJic tionary oj Greek and Roman Antiquities, and Mayor's Juvenal. It has been thought advisable to make copious quotations from, and references to, Horace, Juvenal, and Martial a special feature of this chapter, in order to bring the study of those authors more innnediately in touch with the period to which they belong. The constitutional theory and history of the Principate hav~ been investigated with such striking results in recent years by the elaborate researches of Mommsen and his school in Germany, that the author felt himself called upon to treat this side of imperial history as f!llly as the compass of a handbook seemed to admit. It is a subjeot whioh cannot be otherwise than difficult; but in order to read the history of the Empire intelligently, it is indispen sable to master at the outset the constitutional principles, to which Chapters II. and III. are devoted. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
lei
CRAP. PAQB 31-27 B.O. I. FROM TUE BATTLE OF AClTlUM TO THE FOUNDATION OF THE PRINOIPATE 1 27 B.o.-14 A.D. II. THE PRINCIPATE. 12 27 B.0.-180 A.D. III. THE JOINT GOVERNMENT OF TUB PRINCEPS AND SENATE • 27 27 D.c.-14 A.D. IV. THE FAMILY OF AUGUSTUS AND HIS PLANS TO FOUND A DYNASTY • 45 27 B.o.-14 A.D. V. ADMINISTRATION OF AUGUSTUS IN ROME AND ITALY. ORGANISATION OF THE Aalaiy 59 27 B.o.-14 A.D. VI. PROVINOIAL ADMINISTRATION UNDER AUGUSTUS. THE WEdTERN PROVINOES 74 27 B.c.-14 A.D. VII. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION (colltinued). THE EASTBRN. PROVINCES AND EGYPT 102 27 B.c.-4 A.D. VIIL ROME AND P ARTHIA 25-22 B.C. EXPEDITIONS TO ARABIA ANI 117 ETHIOPIA 12 B.o.-H A.D. IX. TUE WINNING AND LOSING OF GERMANY. DEATH OF AUGUSTUS 124 27 B.c.-14 A.D. X. ROME UNDER AUGUSTUS. HIS BUILD- INGS 141 41 B.o.-14 A.D. XI. LITERATURE OF TUE AUGUSTAN AGE 149 14-37 A.D.· XII. THE PRlNOIPATE OF TIBERIUS 164 14-37 A.D. XIII. THE PBINOIPATE OF TIBERIUS (con- tinued) 188 37-41 A.D. XIV. TUB PRINCIPATE OF GAlUS (CALIGULA). 2H 41-54 A.D. XV. THE PRINCIPATE OF CLAUDIUS 230 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CIL\l'. PAG:& 43-61 A.D. XVI. THE CONQUEST OF BRITAIN 258 54-68 A.D. XVII. THE PBINCIPATE OF NElI8. 273 41--66 A.D. XVIII. THE W ABS FOR Al1MENIA, UNDER CLAUDIUS AND NERO. 305 68-69 A.D. XIX. THE PBINCIPATE OF GALEA, AND THE Y EAB OF THE FOUR EMPERORS 324 69-70 A.D. XX. REBELLIONS IN GERMANY AND JUDEA 351
XXI. THE FLAVIAN EMPERORS,] 69-79 A.D. VESPASIAN, • 374 79-81 A.D. TITUS, 81-96 A.D. AND DOMITIAN
69-96 A.D. XXII. BRITAIN AND GERMANY UNDER THE} FLAVIANS 397 85-89 A.D.- DACIAN WAR
96-98 A.D. XXIII. NERVA } 98-117 A.D. AND TRAJAN 412 101-106 A.D. THE CONQUEST OF DACIA 98-117 A.D. XXIV. TRMAN'S PRINCIPATE (coIlU"tled). ADMINISTRATION AND EASTERN CONQUESTS 433 37-117 A.D. XXV. LITERATURE FROM THE DEATH OF TIBERIUS TO TRMAN. 457 117-138 A.D. XXVI. THE PBINCIPATE OF HADRIAN 489 138-161 A.D. XXVII. THE PRINCIPATE OF ANTONINUS Pros 522 161-180A.V. XXVIII. THE PBINCIPATE OF MARCUS AURELIUS. 533
138-180 A.D. XXIX. LITERATURE UNDER HADRIAN AND THB ANTONINES. 551 27 B.c.-180 .1..1>. XXX. To ROMAN WORLD UNDER THE EUPIRE. POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION AND ART 562 27 B.c.-180 A.D. XXXI. ROMAN LIFE AND MANNERS • 591
INnEs, • 627 LIST OF MAPS AND PLANS.
Map of the Western Provincea of the Roman Empire to lace page 88
II "' Eastern n "',. " "" lOS Plan of Rome. • . .• . page 1 H PI aD of the Battle of Loeus Castorum.. to lace page 835 Map to iIIuBtmte the DaciaD campaigns of Trojau .. 422 Map of the RomaD Wall, with the principal stations page 502
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAG-I: Augustus {from the bust in the British Museum) . 1 Temple of Mars Ultor (89 it appears at the preaent day) 11 Augustus croWDed (from the Vienna eameo). • . . 12 Agrippa . • . • . . . • . • 26 Head of Livia (found at Pompeii, now in the Museum at Naples) 27 Ooin of AUgustu8 • . . • . . . . . H Livia, w88ling the Palla 45 Julia. . . 45 Ooin: Marcellus. . 55 .AJoch of Augnstns at Rimini • 59 Ooin of Gaius and Lucius C_ 78 Arob of Augustus at Aosta. . . . • 74 Ooin: Altar of Rome and Augustus at Lugndunum • 101 Triumph of Tiberiua (from the Sainte Chapelle cruDOO). • 102 Trophies of Augustus. . • • . • • . 116 Ooius oommemOl1lUng recovery of standards from the Parthians. 117 Ooin of Augnstua ana ArtavaSdes. • . . • . 123 So-called Arch of Drusus 124 (loin of Drusus • . . 140 Ancient Rome (Restoration) .' HI Head of Mmoen88 • . US Tomb of Virgil. . . 149 Digentia, Horace's Sabine farm 168 Head of Tiberiua • 164 View of Brunduaium. . . . . • • . • 187 Parthian WarriOI'll, from Trojan's Oolumn . . . • 188 Agrippina, so-called: wife of Germanicus (from statue in the Capitol) . • • • . • • • • 218 Cameo: Gains and Drusilla (from the cameo in the Biblioth~ue N ationale, Paris). • 214 Antonia 'from the Louvre) • 229 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Claudius (from the statue in the Vatican) . . . . P230 Bust of Agrippina, daughter of Germanicus (from the bust in the Capitol) • . • 257 Messalina (from the bust in the Capitol) 258 Apotheosis of Germanicns . . . . • • . 272 Nero (from the bust in the British Museum, bronght from Athens)...... 273 Coin of Popprea...... 302 Aquec!uct of Nemausus . . . . . •. 304 Coin struck by Nero to commemorate snccesses of Corbul0305 Coin of Arsaces 323 Coin: Galba . . . • . 324 Otho (from the bnst in the British Museum) 330 Vitellius (from a bust in Vienna). . 349 Arch of Titus . 351 Coin: Jndrea Capta 373 Colosseum. . . . 374 Titus (from the British Museum) . 382 Domitian (from the statue at Munich) . 384 Vespasian (from the Museum at Naples) 397 Roman Arch at Lincoln . . . 411 Nerva (from the Vatican) . 412 Trajan's Column. . . 431 Figures from Trajan's Column . • . 432 Trajan (from the bust in the British Museum). 433 Relief from Trajan's Column . . . . 449 Trajan gives a king to the Partbians . . 455 Adventus Coin of Hadrian. . . .. 456 Nero Citharoodus (from the statue in the Capitol).. 457 Seneca (so called) (from a bust in the museum at Naples) 488 Hadrian (from a bust in the British ;Museum) . 489 Sabins.- ...... 521 Antoninus Pius (from a bust in the British Museum) 522 COfI8eCTatio of Antoninus and Faustina . 532 l\Iarcus Aurelius (from the Louvre) . .. 533 Lucius Verna (from a bust in the British Museum).. 550 Mausoleum of Hadrian (as it appears at the present day). 551 Head of Antinous (from the bust in the British Museum). 561 Temple of Venus and Rome (as it appears at the present day) 562 Bas-relief of triumph of Marcus Aurelius (from the Capitol) 590 Baluere at Pompeii: Tepidarium 591 School-flogging . 599 Baths of Caracalla . • 610 Section of Flavian Amphitheatre. . • 621
Method of raising wild beasts in the arena • J 625 Fanstina as Mater Castrornm. • . . . . . 626 Coin of Antoninus Pins, representing the Funeral Pyre at his Consecratio • . 638 INDEX.
101 Apsilltt. Ab actis senatus. 168, 171. 179; 191 aqq.; I Annluo V eru& (lIOn of A. dealb. 204; 225. 'I Marcus), 647. Agripplna, the younger. 199. ' ADio Novus, 222, 437 • ... b aen. .... """. 31. A~ of Ooroene, 308. 451. =: :!~'; ~~; ~. :.~ I!:~~~D~l;:;~. Abilene,ll3, lI27. 367. 274, 275 "l'l.; deub.ljog; : Antbemuola.... 203. A brine.. 3M. Aborniua V.Ie.... 526. A:=:!..~~68i.. DomiU .... 1!~~:=~~.507. Acarnaola. 105, Ad.... ". 103 "l'l.• 192, 241. ~ICn. Domill .... falber or: ~~~i17~ll. 450.452, 464. 291, 300. 380. {l9. Nero, 269.2<1. ' An.iocbns, of Ibe HeDiocbl...... ,...... 605. Aklba. 508. 450• A Lucian, 659, 660, liU. 673, Marcomannl, 131, U6. 241 J 361, 405. 576, 579, 605. 4.09; 64:.2, Bqq. Moles Hadriani, 615. LudliuB, the fOunger, 464. MARCUS AURELIUS, Em- Mona, 267. 398. Lucma, 648. peror, 61'1,623, 628, 529, Monmnu8, Juliu8,2'1'l. Lucuas, 454. ,qq. ; principate, 633 .qq. ; Sextus, 250. I.ueullus, gardens of, 247. death, 659; writings; 634. 1-'Monumentum .AncyranutJr.,. I~di (gtlmes), rcenici and 552,570; atUtudetoCbrls· 120, 139. cirume., 613 .qq. i .Ac tlanily, 678, 679. MopsuB. 151. tiac;, 7. Ilardi, 315. I Morini, 126, 355. - Seuif'aie., 41, 68. Martba, 122. • Morum !"IIumqU Obodas. 111. 112. Partheniu8, 392, 416. Platorius Nepos. A'I 603, Octavia, 8i,..r of Angustus. Parihia, 117 Colo of Antoolons Pius, representing the funeral pyre at blo coRSeCl'lltlo. LONDON: I'IUlft'ED lIT WlLLUII CLOWES An BOll'S, LIJIITW, STAIO'OBD BrUEr ABD CHAtBWa CJWS8. so. ALaaMAltLll STRBB'l', LoNDO." OeliJDw. d97. MR. MURRAY'S UST OF SCHOOL BOOK~ MURRAY'S STUDENT'S MANUALS. ~ ~erits trf QUass".btudts fgraMlan.cth ~.cbglnrs. FORMINIJ II CHAIN OF HiSTORY FROM THE EARLIEST AIJES OOWN TO MODERN T,MES. English History and Literature. d;~~~O ~~erC:C~~:I~o:e r: t~~ h'::~ :::Ii:~:ej:~d; o:~':~tn~ On lhlS ground Mr. Murray is especially strong. We are acquainted with many admirable books 00 these subjects, issued by various firms of big-b .tanding, aomc of which, such as M.r. 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(400 pp.) Crown avO. 38. ~ . t'The most recent authorities have been consulted, and it is confidently !:::t!r~n~fs~Hi':t::1 rt:: ~:Io~: C~i~ ~~l(o-:!h=:~'::ft~ chiefly intended. tI_Prw/~ . .. ThisUttle volume is 10 pregnant with valuable information, that it wiD :::t'fD~ren~';~h~,!::';t~=tatoth-:i~r'!U&~u~: ~::i= tiona. "-Rud4r. SMALLER HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE: Giving. Sketch of tho Lives of our Chief Writers. By JAMES ROWLEY. (276 pp.) .6mo. 38.6d. The Important ~ition which the study or .English literature is nnw taking in education has led to the publication of this work. and of the accompanyi~ volume of specimens. Both books have been undertaken at ~:p~ec:.t ~ th':~J',;:!nf~tw'bk:hh:..r:y~ d!:::i~V:I=C:~="': ... be uoed In schools. SHORT SPECIMENS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Selected from the chief authors and arranged chronologically. By JAMES ROWLEY. With Notes. C368 pp.) .6mo. 38. 6d. While the" Smaller History of English Literature" 8upplies a rapid but trustworthy sketch of the lives of our chief writen, and of the successive ~!=~o:khi~p~li~h!i: :~:~pie~t~Pth~h:~r~~~~~~~:~:;: panied by all the eIplanations ~uired (OJ' their perfect explanatioa. The two worka .... thus eapociall,r cleai&nod to be uoed ~ . 6 MR. MURRA Y'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. Sir Wm. Smith's Biblical Dictionaries. DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE: COMPRISING ITS ANTIQUITIE.IiO, BIOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY, AND NATURAL H,STORY. By Various Writers. With Illustrations. 3 vols. En1arged and Re· vised Edition. Medium 8vo. £4 48. If The most complete, learned. and trustworthy work of the kind hitherto produced.II_..4u.nun. .. :CONCISE DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE. Con· " U An invaluable service has been rtndered to students in the condensatiOD of Dr. Wm. Smith's Bible Dictiona'l" The work has been done as only a =~::hl: :'d_I~:.~r::t :re:::=~~ I~}}ri:~~ ~ }l~~ essential Tlu two flilowi"g Wor.lr are intended to fornis" " com/leu account of tlu leadin/!, lersonagl!S, tlu InstihltiOns, Arl, Sod,,1 Life, Writings, "nd Coniruversil!S of tlu C"ristian Cllurcll from tlu tinu of tlu Apostll!S 10 tlu Age of Cllarl""",!f7U' Tiley com",ence at llu period at wllicll III. ,. Dictionary of llu Bwle" lea1Jl!S off, "nd fonn " con~i"u"tion of it. DICTIONARY OF CHRISTIAN ANTIQUITms. The History, Institutions. and Antiquities of the Christian Church. Edited by SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.I., and AaCHDBACON CHEET. HAM, D.D. With Illustrations. • vols. Medium SVo. £3 '38. 6d. If The work before us is unusually well done. A more acceptable present ~~ a. 'D~~~~~~~~O~O&~~e::' An~i~itf~:~~d ~~ ~YbliebfuZ~~~E SobIrr/4uIR_ DICTIONARY OF CHRISTIAN :BIOGRAPHY, LITE RATURE, SECTS, AND DOCTRINES. Edited by SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.I., and HENRY WACE, D.D. 4 VoIs. Medium 8vo. £ 6 ,68. 6<1. ,II The value of the work arises, in the first place, from the fact that the contributors to these volumes have dih~ntly eschewed mere compilation" In these volumes we welcome the most important addition that has been made for a century to the historical library of tho English theological 6I.udent."-Ti"",. MR. MYRRA Y'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. ., Sir Wm. Smith's Classical Dictionaries . .AN ENCYCLOP..lEDIA OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY. !i.t It.RD~uS WRITBRS. Edited by SIR WM.' SMITH, D.C.L. tI~~~:::ah:~~I~~h~r. ~~er:r!~h~~O t:~~egi:~~:bi:~~:I~:r ::Si~:t~U~%;::~ ~::S~u~l':'ln::I:J:rJhlt;ed~~k ,:~rR:':: world among the students of this age. a_M,.. Groll til Uu ~ U.iwnily. L DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES. Includinlr the Laws. tnstilutioos. Domestic Usages. Paintin5;, Sculptur«;" Music. :V~flM~~ i=.Ed~~O;: RCfised and Enlarged. Wi goo Illustrations. XL DICTIONARY OF BIOGRAlf.a:y AND MYTHOLOGY. Containinr a History o( the Ancient World. Civil. Uterary, and £c:clesiastic:aL Woo pp.J \\,itb 5/10 Illustrations. 3 YOls. Medium Bvo. • m. DICTIONARY OF GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY. ~~~t,~e(~~;.i H:~~rl~-:tr~yo-:? ~t~::av-:a ;'.thcw FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. ClLASSICAL DICTIONARY OF :BIOGRAPHY, :MY. THOLOGY. AND GEOGRAPHY. For the Higher Fanus in Schools. Condensed from the lal"){el" Dictionaries. New and Revised Editio... by G. E. MARINDIN. With over 800 Woodcuts. 8vo. .s.. SMALLER CLASSICAL DICTIONARY. For Junior Classes. Abridged from the above Work. With IlOO Woodcuts. CroWD 8vo. 7" 6d. SMALLER DICTIONARY OF .ANTIQUITIES. For Junior Classes. Abridged from the larger Work. With 000 Wood. cuts. CroWD 8vo. 7" 6d. • Sir Wm. Smith's Ancient Atlas. AN ATLAS OF ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY, BIBLICAL AND CLASSICAL. Intended to illustrate the It Dictionary oCthe Hible,. II and the U Classical Dictionaries. " l.:ompUed under the superintendence of SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.L, and SIR GEORGE GROVE. LL.D. With Descriptive Text, Indices, &c. With 43 Maps. Folio, half. bound. Price Sill Guineas. . ,. The students of Dr. Smith's admirable Dictionaries must have felt themselves in want of an Atlas constructed on the same scale of precise and. minule infonnalioD with the article they were reading. This want has at length been supplied by the superb work before us. The indices are full,lho engraving is exquisitc\ and the delineation of the natural features very =i:t::=t'!,~:l_U:t::al ~~~y':,!=:~~:j~~:~: k: mleDdeci to illustrate. --G.. nUCUI. .8 lI-IR. MURRAY'S IJST, OF SCHOOL BOOKS. Sir Wm. Smith's Latin Dictionaries. "I ecmdder Dr. Wm. Smith-. DictlOD&riei to ban ecmferred .. ~t and IuUDs' eerrice on 1ib.e C&1l88 of elaaicall8&l'lliDg in QUa co1lDUy."-Deaa LIDDELL. ~~lran~~~~~~_ 1DlIer&ed."-Dr. SCC)"l"l; ~~~.:c:.. ':r:tJ' " A COMPLETE LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. BAsED OM TH" WORKS 0" FORCBLLrNl ANI> FREUND. With Tables of the Roman Calendar, Measures, Weights, Money, and a DlcrIONARY or PROPER NAMES. By SIR .WM. SMITH, D.C.L. and LL.D. ('200 pp.) Medium 8vo. O2I1d Edition. .w. . This work aims at perfonning the same service for the Latin Jan~age as Liddell and Scott's Lexicon has done for the Greek. Great attentlOD has =:ecr:da:::ta7D~O!~~;h:':" ~er:= =~:~==k is ~ A SMALLER LATIN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. WITH A SEPARATB DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES, TABLES OF ROMAII' . MONKYs, ~ 33rd Edition. Thoroughly re~ised and in great part re-written. Edited by SIR WM. SMITH and T. D. HALL, M.A. The Etymological portiOD by JOHN K. INGRAM, LL.D. Square zmno. 7S. 611. This edition of Dr. Smithts • Smallet" Latin-English Dictionary' is to a ~tent a new and origiaal Worlt. EftrY article bas beeIi carefully A COPIOUS AN-D CRITICA~ ENGLISH-LATIN DIC TIONARY. Compiled from OriginaI Soun:es. Br SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.L•. and T. D. HALL, M.A. C970 pp. Medium 8vo. Sth Edition. .6r. It bas been the objcct of the Autbors of this Work to produce a morecom- ~~.; ~1c~h:s ~::=!j~:f~~af~r.!d~:n~~ ~lS.and th==C~~ :ai~~= ~~e~:li:~~tbi!:li~t!:tn.ters; and A SMALLER ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY. Abridged from the above W~, by SIR WM. SM.1:rH and T. D. HALL, M.A., for the use of Jonlor Classes. .•7th EditIOn. (730 pp.) Square '=0. 7<·64. If An Eru!lish.Latin Dictionary worthy of the scholarship of our age and country. It will take absolutely the first rank, and be the standard ~Iish Latin Dictionary as long as either ton~e endures. Even a general exami. nation of the pages will serve to reveal the minute pains taken to ensure its fulness andlhiloJogica.l value, and the t work is to a large extent a diction- f!.:l!;tcAN~1:~aDgUageJ as well as an Enclish-Latin Dictionary.' ..- A NEW GRADUS AD PARNASSUM. AN ENGLISH - LATIN GRADUS, OR VERSE DIC TIONARY. on a new plan. with carefully selected Ep.ithets and Synonyms, intended to SImplify the Composition of Latin Ve1"SeS. By A. C. AINGER, M.A., Trinity Coli., Cambridge, and II. G. WINTLE, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford. (450 pp.) Crown 8w. ~<. __ " ___ " ___ "~..2" ___ .A21ii MR. MURRAY'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS.g Sir Wm. Smith's Educational Series. latin Course. THE YOUNG BEGINNER'S COURSE. 2.r. eacn. J. :rntST UTIlII' BOOX.-Gram m THIRD LATIN BQOIL-Ex mar, Easy QUefitions. Exercises, erases on the Syntax, with and Vocabul8lies. Vocabularies. IV. :FOURTH LATIlII' BOOIL-A II. BECOlm LATIlII' BOOX.-An Latin Vocabulary (or Beginners, easy Latin Reading Rook with arranged according to Subjects Analysis of Sentences. and j,;tymologies.. PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part I.• FIRST LATIN COURSE. Grammar, Delecws, Exercises, and Vocabularies. (::n8pp.) 12mo. 3S.6d. AI'PENDIX TO PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part I. Containing AdditionalExercises, with Examination Papers. (U5PP.) umo. u.6d. PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part II. READING BOOK. An Introduction to Ancient Mytholo~, Geography, Roman Antiquiti~sl and History. With Not.. and a Dictionary. (.6B pp.) J2mo. 3" 011. PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part III. POETRY. I. Easy Hexameter.; and Pentameters. ... Eclogz Ovidianae. 3- Prosody and Metre. 4- Fir.t Latin Verse Book.' (.60 pp.) J2mo. 31. 6d. PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part IV. PROSE COMPOSITION. Rule. of Syntax, with Examples, Explanations of Synonyms, and Exercises on the Syntax. (194 pp.) I.ma. '31, 6d. PRINCIPIA LATINA, Part V. SHORT TALES AND ANBCDOTBS FROM ANCIBNT HISTORY, POR 'rRANSLATION INTO LATIN PROSS. With an English.Latin Vocabulary. By SIR WM. SMITH, LL.D. ,oth Edition. Revised and considerably En larged. By T. D. HALL, M.A. (lB. pp.) 31. 6d. THE STUDENT'S LATIN GRAMMAR. -FOR THE USB OF COLLEGES AND THB HIGHER FORMS IN SCHOOL$. By SIR WM. SMITH, LL.D. and T. p. HALL TId.. t.",tA Edm.... t/un-tnqJAljlr..,."s.d aM partljlreJUJrittm. (450 pp.) Post Bvo. 6r. SMALLER LATIN GRAMMAR. FOR THE MIDDLE AND LoWKR FORMS. N..", atuI tAwl1UjJAI, rt!fJised Editi.... (260 pp.) lorna. 31' 6d. ______TRANSLATION AT SIGHT; OR, AIDS TO FACILITY IN THE TRANSLATION OF UTIN. Passages of Graduated Difficulty, carefully Selected (rom Latin Authors, with Explanations, Notes! &c. .All mti,..ly NII"W aM Origi"'" Work. By Professor T. D. HaLL, M.A. Crown avO. aI. A CHILD'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. COMPRISING NOUNS, PRONOUNS, AND ADJECTIVES, WITH THE VaRBs. With ample and varied Practice of the eas,iest kind. Both old and new order of Cases given. By T. D. HALL, M.A. (124 pp.) New and Enlarged Edition, including the Passive Verb. 16mo. .. ••• /Con _, .. _ by AUTHBNTICATED TKACHIWI ...~ '10 AfR. lIf(JRRAY'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. Sir Wm. Smith's Greek Course. INITIA GRlECA, Part I. A FIRST GREEK COURSE, containing Grammar, Delectus, Exercise Book, and Vocabularies. (.84 pp.) I.mo. 3'. 64.. ••• TAe Jrum' Ed;""" loas "..., wry ''''''"''Ply ITf1iutl, _ ....y tId4iU;na tuul j"'jmnJemlflts "'1M' bu!IC intnxlWC«l. The great object of this work, as of the If Principia Latina," is to make the study of the Iaagua.,.ae as easy and simple as possibl~ by giving the grammatical forms billy as they are wanted, and by enabli~ the pupil to translate (rpm 'Greek into English and (rom English into Greek as soon as he has learnt the Greek characters and the First Declension. For the con venience of tea~ the cases of the nouns, &rc.. are given according to the ordinary grammars as ql aa according to the &mmgement of the Public Schools Latin Primer. APPENDIX TO INITIA GRlECA, Part I. Containing Additional Exercises, with Examination Papers and Easy Reading Lessons ,nth the Sentences Analysed, serving as au Introduction to btTlA GRAlCA, Part II. (uo pp.) 1210'" os. 6d. INITIA GRlECA, Part n. A READING BOOK. Con tcining short Tales, Anecdotes, Fables, Mythology, and Grecian History. With a Lexicon. (220 pp.) I.mo. 3'. 6d. INITIA GRlECA, Part III. PROSE COMPOSITION. Containing the Rules of Syntax, with Copious Examples and Ex.... ci-. (202 pp.) I.mo. 3'. 6d. THE STUDENT'S GREEK GRAMMAR. F·OR THE H,GHER FORMS. By PROFESSOR CURTIus. Edited by S,R WM. SMITH, D.C.I. C386pp.) Post 8vo. lit. The Greek Grammar of Dr. Curtius is' acknowledged by the most com petent scholars to be the best representative of the prescnt advanced state of Gr«k scholarship. It is, indeed, almost the only Grammar which exhibits the inflexions of the language in a really scientific form.; while its . extensive use ill schools, and the high commendations it has received from practical teachers, are a sufficient proof of its excellence as a school-book.. A. SMALLER GREEK GRAMMAR. FOR THE MIDDLE AND LoWER FORMS. Abridged from the above Work. (.20 pp.) 12M0. 3'. 6d. THE GREEK ACCIDENCE. Extracted from the above Work. (125 pp.) I2mo. 2.f.6d. lLALL'S INTRODUCTION TO THE GREEK TESTA· MENT. A work designed for student::; possessing DO previous knowledge of Greek. (210 pp.) CroWQ Bvo. y. 64. LEATHES' HEBREW GRAMMAR. With the Hehrew TeXt of Genesis i..-vi.. and Psalms i.-vi. Grammatical Analysis aud Vocabulary. (25. pp.) P""t Bvo. 76.64. -.- K'J.""V_1uul ~AUTHEHTICAT£I) TEACU£IlSt1. 4,¥l~_ MR. MURRAY'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. It Sir Wm. Smith's French Course. RENCH PRINCIPIA, Part I. A'. FIRST FRENCR CoURSR, containing Grammar, Delectus and Exercises. with Vocabll Iaries8lld Materia1s for French Conversation. (_ pp.) ..mOo y.6d. Thi. work has been compiled at the repeated. request ofnumerous teacheq I who, finding the U Principia Latina" and II lnitia GI"8I:Ca II t/u,ujat boolufor kartli.. C lAtin "u Gtw". are anxious to obtain equally elementary French books on the aame plan. 1'here is an obvious gain in studying a new language on the plan with which the learner is already familiar. 1'be main object ia to enable a beginner to acquire aD accurate knowledge of the chicl grammatical fonna, to learn their usage by constructing simple sentences as 800ft as he commences the study of 'tot language, and to accumulate KJadually a ..ock of words usdul iD cunversation as well as in ...... mg. APPENDIX TO FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part I. Con taining Additional Exercises and Examination Papers. (JlO .pp.) limo. sr. 6d. FRENC.H PRINCIPIA, Part II. A READING BOOK. Containing Fables, Storie.,·and Anecdotes, N atllfal History. and Scenes from the History of Franco. With GranunaticaJ Questions, Note.. and copious Etymological Dictionary. (316 pp.) "ID"" 4$0 6d. FRENCH PRINCIPIA, Part III. PROSE CoMPOSITION. Containing a Systematic Collrse oC Exercises on the Syntaz, with the Principal Rules of Syntaz. IOmo...... 6d. THE STUDENT'S FRENCH GRAMMAR: PRACTICAL AND HISTORICAL. FOR THB HIGHER FORMS. By C. HERON-WALL, with INTRODUCTION by M. LITTRli. (490 pp.) Post avo. tir. This Grammar iB the work oC a practical teacher of twenty years' experi ence in teaching English boys. I t has been his special aim to produce. book which would work well in schools where Latin and Greek form. the principal.ubjecta of otudy. A SMALLER FR~NCH GRAMMAa FOR THB MIDDLR AND LoWSR FORIIS. Abridged from the a""ve Work.. (0]0 pp.) ..mOo y. 6d. .A" llllinl, N_ BN" ",. • N_ PImt. FRENCH STUMBLING BLOCKS AND ENGLISH STEPPING. STONES. By FRANCIS TARVRR, M.A., late Senior French Master at Eton C"lIege. Fcap. Bvo. .... 6<1. kt!:;n.~fr~St~:::;'· '::~!~:et~~c~e;. '1a~;:~~~a~n~li~~hi~ i;:::! experience as a master at Eton, have afforded him exceptional opponunities ~~dt~:'i.a~:1:oreE~~i::~I~:iii:~~J~·JF~:~mbIiD.:.blocks whicb "00 Koo_'""""b AUTHENTICATED TBACHJlU ... aHlkoltiM. ,. AfR. MURRAY'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. Sir Wm. Smith's Germo" Course. GERMAN PRINCIPIA, Part t. A FIRST GERMAN CoURSE. Containing Grammar. Delectus, Exercises, Vocabulariesand materials for German Connrsation. (244 pp.) (2100. 3<. lid. '.' TAoIr...u MlitiDtI Lu ""'"'_ • wwy This work is on the same plan as the II Fn:nc:h Principia,· a:nd theref'ore requires no further description. except in ODe point. Differing &om the ordinary ,,-amman, all German words are printed in Roman. and DOt ill the old German cbaracteJs. The Roman lett...... ased by ...... y modera German writers, and also in Grimm's great Dictiomuy and Grammar; and it is believed. that this alteration will facilitate. more thaD at first. might be sup posed, the acquisitioo c#. the language. Rut at the aame time. as many Genna books continue to be printed in the Germaa c:haracters. the ezc:r. cioes are printed in both German and Roman letters. GERMAN PRINCIPIA, Part XL A READING BooK. Containidg Fabl.... Stori.... and Anecdot.... Natural History. and Scenes from the History or Germany. With Grammatical Questi..... Not.... and Diclinnary. (212 pp.) umo; 3<. lid. PB.ACTICAL GEltMAN GB.AMMAB.. Witb a Sketch of the Historical Development or the Language and its Principal Dialects. (240 pp.) Post Svo. 3<. lid. ~ •• K~""'i11uM11a AVl'REHTICATED TEACHUS ••Hlwu.. .Sir Wm. Smith's Itolio" Course. . ITALIAN PRINCIPIA, Part t. A FIRST ITALIAN COU"SE. Containing a Grammar. Delectus, Exercise Book, with Vocabularies, Ike. By SIG"". RICCI. Professor or Italian at the City or London School. ("sS pp.) .ODIG. 3<.6d.. ITA.LIAN PRINCIPIA, Part XL A FIRST ITALIAN READING-BooK, containing Fabl.... Anecdotes. History, and Passages &om the best Italian Authors, with Questi..... Notes. and an Etymo- logical Dictionary. By SIGNO& RICCI. .om~ ,.. lid. . "." K~_7._b Avramme&1BD TBAcHBIIS"~ ["g/ish Course. A READABLE ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Etymologi cally arranged. By DAVID MILNE, M.A. Crown avo. 76. 60( d~'t~ .~~~li-:'!o:t-m~tt~r We ~~i1:!I1~:.:.n~ !~PJ1~~~f~ U Mr. Milne hast we think, 'i:'t.is new Rea.da6.le ~ngl.ish Diction~t ~t the right nail on the head.••. We ha~ ~ heSlta~lon ID pI"ODOU~DJ... ~ =:ra:=n~~~ entCl'lallllq and lD5U'Udiveand MR. MURRA. Y'S LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS. 13 English CoursB-continuBd. PRIMARY ENGLISH GRAMMAR Cor Elementary Schools. With 134 Exercises and carefully graduated parsing IessoDs. By T. D. HALL, M.A. (100 pp.) 16mo. u. Thi. Work aims at the c:leaJut and simpleot _em... t poosible or the· 6rot principles of EngUsh Grammar (or the use or chilcln:a from about eight to IwdYe yean of age. II We dOUbt whether any grBIDmu of equal siae could give au introductiOD to the English language more dear, concise, ODd (uD than this. "-W4IId--. • SCHOOL MANUAL OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR. With 194 Exercl.... By SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.I., and T. D. HALL, M.A. With Appendices. Fourteenth Edition, carefully ..,vised. ("70 pp.) Post 8vo. 3" 6J. This Work has heen prepared with a special view to the requirements or Schools in which English, AI • living laflgNaP. is systematicaU)O taught, and diffen (rom most modem grammars in its thoroughly practical character. A distinguishing feature of the book is the constant appeal lUI' every usage to the authority of Standard Englisb Authors. . "An admirable English Grammar. We cannot gI... It higher praise than to .y that as • IICbd grammar it is the best iD this country. "-E1Iglisi C•• wi ..... ••• Krp_""""br AUTIlBHT1CATBD T ....CHEaS .."jJlic_ MANUAL OF ENGLISH COMPOSITION. With Copious lIIustratioDS and Practical Exercises. Suited eqnally for Schools and for Private Students or English. By T. D. HALL, M.A. Fifth Edilion. (010 pp.) l.mo. l=o lid. .. Certainly the moot sensible and practicol hook upon English compoSitioo that we have lately Been. "l'be great variety of subjects which it suggests AI themes for exercising the imagination as well as the 'literary powers of young students will be {ouod a great assistance to teachers, who must often be .:weI, punled to bit upon subjects sufficiently diversified without heine . ridiculously beyond the scope of ~uthruJ experieuc:e. "-StJlwdtJ, R_ . PRIMARY HISTORY OF BRITAIN for· Elementary Sr.boo!s, Edited by SIR WM. SMITH, D.C.L. and Ll.D. With •• Yap. (00 pp.) .l2me...... 6.1. A Me. IIPd thoroughly revised Editi.... continued d ...... 1880. 14 MR. MURRA Y's LIST OF SCHOOL BOOKS, Eton. College Books. THE· ETOH LATIN GRAMMAR. An entirely New . Work. For use in the Higher Forms. By f. H. RAWLINS, M.A. and W. R. INGE, M. A., Fellows of King's Coli., Cambridge, an Mrs. Markham'a Histories. HISTORY Ol!' ENGLAND, FROM THE FIRST INVASION BY THB ROMANS TO 1880. N ...... 4 _isnl etlilitm. With Conversa ~ at the end of each .Chapter. 100 Woodcuts. (s.8 pp.) 3'- 6tI. mSTORY Ol!' l!'RANCE, FROM THE CONQUEST OF GAUL BY JULIUS CA!SAR TO 1878. N.." ami nNis.d .",.tUnc. Con-· • vc:rsatioos at the end of each Chapter. 7" Woodcuts. (SSOpp.) y.6tI. mSTORY Ol!' GERl!rIJ..NY, FROM rrs INVASION BY MARIUS TO 1880. N ...... 4 nflu.d .dititm. SO Woodcuts. (~pp.). 3'- 6tI. LITTLE .A:B.THlT.B.'S mSTORY Ol!' ENGLAND. By LADY CALLCOIT. NftII...4,..,,#d LITTLE ARTHUR'S HISTORY Ol!' FRANCE. FROM THB EARLlBST TIMES TO THB FALL OP THB SscoND EKPJRB. With Map and lIIustratioos. .6mo. as. 6tI. If The jaded schoolboy. surfeited with tales and the lover.pressuioe' arising from lon~ attehtion to lives and adventures. will, towards the tauer part or his holida,' turn with some relief to this book, and begin feasting :~~bj!~o:.:n:.tt~~foik~:~i~i~~!rt;b~S ~% t.!dJ,ir.J~ The book is capitally iUustrated, and very wisely the compiler does DOl reject the exciting and lexendary parts of the subjCC:L n-ScAMINGSUr. BSOP'S l!'ABLES. A NEW VERSION. Chiefly from the Original Sources. By REV. THOMAS JAMES. With 100 Wood cuts. Illustratioos by JOHN TBNNIEL. (168 pp.) Post 8vo. .... 6tI. ... or JEsop's FABLES there ourht to be in every schoollDlUly copies. fuD 01 pictures. "-Fraur'. M~Ariu. THE BIBLE IN THE HOLY LAND. Extracted frOIll Dean Stanley's work on Sinai and Palestine. With Woodcuts. (210 pp.) Crown 8vo. y. 6tI. . SERMONS l!'OR CHILDREN PREACHED IN WEST. MINSTER ABBEY. By DBAN STANLEY. Post 8.... y. (J. JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. Bradbury. Ague.. , II< Co. LcI.) 1)'riDt.... Loudoo ODd Toobrldp.