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I POTENSI Trichoderma Spp. ASAL AKAR KOPI DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN Colletotrichum Sp

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I POTENSI Trichoderma Spp. ASAL AKAR KOPI DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN Colletotrichum Sp POTENSI Trichoderma spp. ASAL AKAR KOPI DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN Colletotrichum sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA DIDIANA YANUARITA MOLEBILA P4100215301 PROGRAM MAGISTER ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2017 i POTENSI Trichoderma spp. ASAL AKAR KOPI DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN Colletotrichum sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA TESIS Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar Magister Program Studi Ilmu Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Disusun dan Diajukan oleh : DIDIANA YANUARITA MOLEBILA Nomor Pokok : P4100215301 PROGRAM MAGISTER ILMU HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2017 TESIS POTENSI Trichoderma spp. ASAL AKAR KOPI DALAM MENEKAN PERKEMBANGAN Colletotrichum sp. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA Disusun dan diajukan oleh : DIDIANA YANUARITA MOLEBILA Nomor Pokok : P4100215301 Telah dipertahankan di depan Panitia Ujian Tesis pada tanggal 28 November 2017 dan dinyatakan telah memenuhi syarat Menyetujui, Komisi Penasehat Prof. Dr. Ir. Ade Rosmana, DEA Dr. Ir. Untung Surapaty T, M.Sc Ketua Anggota Ketua Program Studi Magister Dekan Fakultas Pertanian Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Universitas Hasanuddin, Prof. Dr. Ir. Nur Amin, Dipl. Ing. Agr Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumbangan Baja,M.Phill PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Didiana Yanuarita Molebila NIM : P4100215301 Program Studi : Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Menyatakan dengan sebenar – benarnya bahwa tesis yang saya tulis ini benar–benar merupakan hasil karya saya sendiri dan bukan merupakan pengambilalihan tulisan atau pemikiran orang lain. Apabila dikemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa sebagian atau keseluruhan tesis ini adalah hasil karya orang lain maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut. Makassar, November 2017 Yang menyatakan Didiana Y. Molebila ABSTRAK DIDIANA YANUARITA MOLEBILA. Potensi Trichoderma spp. Asal Akar Kopi Dalam Menekan Perkembangan Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa (dibimbing oleh : Ade Rosmana dan Untung Surapaty T.) Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi cendawan Trichoderma spp. asal akar kopi dengan menguji efektifitasnya dalam mengendalikan Colletotrichum sp. secara invitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian antagonis secara invitro, pengujian endofitisme, dan pengujian persentase daun kopi terserang Colletotrichum sp. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan anova dan uji lanjut Duncan taraf uji 5% dengan bantuan program SPSS 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat morfospesies Trichoderma yang diisolasi dari akar kopi dan uji antagonisme menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Trichoderma morfospesies 3 (C-T3) memiliki rata-rata persentase penghambatan terhadap Colletotrichum sp. pada 5 HSI sebesar 70,17%, diikuti oleh Trichoderma morfospesies 2 (C- T2) dengan nilai 65,83% dan Trichoderma morfospesies 1 (C-T1) dengan nilai 63,31%, dan ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan Trichoderma asperellum 9(CTa) dengan nilai 74,50%, sedangkan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan Trichoderma morfospesies 4 (CT-4) memiliki rata-rata persentase penghambatan terendah dengan nilai 43,35% dan kontrol (0,00%). Sementara itu, pada pengujian persentase daun kopi terserang Colletotrichum sp. menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan CT-1, CT-2 dan CT-3 memiliki rata-rata persentase daun terserang terendah yaitu 36,67%; 40,67% dan 40,83% tidak berbeda nyata dengan CTa dengan nilai 30,42%, dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan CT-4 memiliki persentase daun terserang tertinggi dengan nilai 51,25% dan kontrol 55,83%. Trichoderma spp. dalam pengujian dapat direisolasi kembali dari bagian tanaman kopi masing-masing perlakuan. Trichoderma morfospesies 2 (T- 2) asal akar kopi dan T. asperellum berpotensi sebagai agens hayati dalam mengendalikan Colletotrichum sp.. Kata Kunci : Endofit, Akar Kopi, Agens Hayati, Trichoderma spp. i ABSTRACT DIDIANA YANUARITA MOLEBILA. The Potential of Trichoderma spp. the Origin of Coffee Roots in Suppressing the Development of Colletotrichum sp., the Causes of Anthracnose Disease (Guided by Ade Rosmana and Untung Surapaty T.) This study aimed to determine the potential of Trichoderma spp. from coffee roots by testing their effectiveness in controlling Colletotrichum sp. in invitro. The method used in the research was invitro antagonistic test, endofitism testing, and the testing of the percentage of leaves attacked by Colletotrichum sp. The experiment design used was the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 experimental treatments and 4 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Advanced test level of 5% using SPSS 16.0 program. The results of the antagonism test indicated that Trichoderma morphospecies 3 (CT-3) treatment had the mean percentage of inhibition at 5 day after inoculation (DAI) reached 70,17%, followed by Trichoderma morphospecies 2 (CT-2) of 65.83%, and Trichoderma morphospecies 1 (CT-1) with the value of 63.31%, which showed an insignificant difference from the treatment using Trichoderma asperellum (CTa) with the value of 74.50%, but it was significantly different with Trichoderma morphospecies 4 (CT-4) with had the mean percentage of the lowest inhibition with the value of 43.35%, and the treatment without Trichoderma (CT0) showed 0,00%. Meanwhile, the testing of the percentage of the coffee leaves attacked by Colletotrichum sp., the coffee leaves treated with CT-1, CT-2, and CT-3 had the mean percentage of the lowest attacked leaves with the values of 36.67%; 40.67% and 40.83% respectively, which showed an insignificant difference from the treatment with CTa with the value of 30,42%. Trichoderma spp. in testing could be reisolated back from the coffee plants in each treatment, the Trichoderma morphospecies 2 (CT-2) as the origin of the coffee roots and the T. asperellum had the potential to become a biological agent in controlling Colletotrichum sp. Keywords: Endophyte, Coffee roots, Biological Agent, Trichoderma spp. ii KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur Penulis panjatkaan atas karunia Allah SWT atas rahmat dan hikmat sehingga Penulis dapat menyelesaikan thesis yang berjudul “Potensi Trichoderma spp. Asal Akar Kopi Dalam Menekan Perkembangan Colletotrichum sp. Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa”. Dalam penyusunan tesis ini, Penulis banyak mendapat saran, arahan, bantuan, perhatian, baik selama menempuh pendidikan, penulisan maupun dalam kelancaran penelitian. Pada kesempatan ini Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada : 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Ade Rosmana, DEA selaku Ketua Komisi Penasehat Tesis dan Bapak Dr. Ir. Untung Surapati, T., M.Sc selaku Sekretaris Komisi Penasehat Tesis yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu, pikiran, serta memberikan banyak masukan, arahan, dan bimbingan kepada Penulis. 2. Ibu Prof. Dr. Ir. Silvia Syam, M.S; Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. La Daha; dan Ibu Prof. Dr. Ir. Nurariaty Agus,MS selaku Tim Penguji yang telah meluangkan waktu, pikiran, serta memberikan banyak masukan dan arahan bagi penulis dalam menyelesaikan tulisan ini. 3. Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) selaku penyedia dana pendidikan, dan penyedia dana penelitian sehingga Penulis dapat menempuh pendidikan di Program Pascasarjana di Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. 4. Bapak Permenas Lamma Koly, SE selaku pimpinan Yayasan Tribuana Kalabahi dan Bapak Rektor Universitas Tribuana Kalabahi yang telah memberi surat rekomendasi dan ijin kepada Penulis untuk melanjutkan Pendidikan S2. 5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Program Pascasarjana Jurusan Ilmu Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Universitas Hasanuddin yang telah berkenan berbagi ilmu pengetahuan selama Penulis melanjutkan pendidikan di Universitas Hasanuddin. 6. Pemerintah Kabupaten Alor, dalam hal ini Badan Kesbangpol Kab. Alor serta Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan Kab. Alor yang telah memberikan ijin pengambilan sampel penelitian pada lahan perkebunan kopi di Alor. 7. Bapak Kammarudin dan Bapak Ardan selaku Laboran, Ibu Rahmatia, Ibu Nirwana dan Ibu Asriyani selaku Staf Administrasi yang selalu membantu penulis selama melanjutkan studi di Universitas Hasanuddin. 8. Orang-orang tercinta : Ayahanda Condrat Y. Molebila (Alm) dan Ibunda Petronela Molebila-Sekoni; suami tersayang Imanuel M. Y. Ouw dan seluruh keluarga yang selalu memberi motivasi dan dukungan bagi penulis baik berupa moril maupun materil. 9. Rekan-rekan seangkatan program magister IHPT yaitu kakak Fatmawati, kakak Rahma, Ramlah, Rianingsih, dan sahabat tersayang iv Lestari Lakalet,SH., Noerfitriyani,M.Si., dan Nur Hardina, M.Si yang selalu berbagi dalam suka dan duka bersama penulis selama melanjutkan studi. Sebagai manusia yang tidak luput dari kekhilafan, Penulis menyadari bahwa tulisan ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran senantiasa Penulis harapkan demi kesempurnaan tulisan ini. Namun, dengan segala keterbatasan dan kekurangan yang ada, harapan penulis semoga tulisan ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi pembaca. Makassar, November 2017 Penulis, v DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TESIS ABSTRAK i KATA PENGANTAR iii DAFTAR ISI vi DAFTAR TABEL ix DAFTAR GAMBAR x BAB I. PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang 1 1.2. Tujuan dan Kegunaan 4 1.3. Rumusan Masalah 4 1.4. Hipotesis 4 1.5. Kerangka Pikir 5 BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. Penyakit Antraknosa 6 2.1.1. Deskripsi Penyakit 6 2.1.2. Penyebab Penyakit 9 2.1.3. Pengaruh Lingkungan Terhadap Penyebaran 15 Penyakit 2.1.4. Pengendalian 17 2.2. Cendawan Endofit 20 2.2.1. Deskripsi
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