Annuaire Des Statistiques Environnementales Sous Le

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Annuaire Des Statistiques Environnementales Sous Le Madagasikara ‘ MA N I DAG A A IK S L IK B A O R P E A R T FITIAVANA A AN A N FA IN DRAZ A N DROS OAN REPOBLIKAN’I MADAGASIKARA Fitiavana Tanidrazana Fandrosoana FITIAVANA − TANINDRAZANA − FANDROSOANA ANNUAIRE DES STATISTIQUES ENVIRONNEMENTALES Décembre 2016 SOUS LE CADRE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DES Étude Nationale STATISTIQUES DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT (CDSE) – 2016 Annuaire MADAGASIKARA Etude faite par : Devika Balgobin et Andriamarozaka Iharimamy 2 2016 MADAGASIKARA SOMMAIRE Contexte .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Objectif de l’étude et méthodologie .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Organisation de la collecte et traitement de l’information .....................................................................................................................12 Difficultés et limites de l’étude .........................................................................................................................................................................12 R.1 Recommandations transversales ............................................................................................................................................................13 R.2 Recommandations spécifiques .................................................................................................................................................................13 R.3 Formation et renforcement de capacités...............................................................................................................................................13 COMPOSANTE 1: CONDITIONS ET QUALITÉ DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ....................................................... 15 Sous-composante 1.1 : Conditions physiques ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Sujet 1.1.1 : Atmosphère, climat et conditions météorologiques....................................................................................................................................... 17 Sujet 1.1.2 : Caractéristiques hydrographiques .......................................................................................................................................................................20 Sujet 1.1.3 Informations géographiques et géomorphologiques ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Sous-composante 1.2 : Couverture du sol, écosystèmes et biodiversité ........................................................................................... 31 Sujet 1.2.1 : Couverture du sol ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 Sujet 1.2.2 : Écosystèmes et biodiversité...................................................................................................................................................................................33 Sujet 1.2.3 : Forêts .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 COMPOSANTE 2: RESSOURCES ENVIRONNEMENTALES ET LEUR UTILISATION ................................... 53 Sous-composante 2.1 : Ressources minérales ............................................................................................................................................55 Sujet 2.1.1 : Stocks et variations des ressources minérales ................................................................................................................................................ 55 Sujet 2.1.2 : Production et commerce des minéraux ........................................................................................................................................................... 55 Sous-composante 2.2 : Ressources énergétiques......................................................................................................................................56 Sujet 2.2.1 : Stocks et variations des ressources énergétiques ........................................................................................................................................ 56 Sujet 2.2.2 :Production, commerce et consommation d’énergie ................................................................................................................................... 56 Sous-composante 2.3 : Terres .......................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Sujet 2.3.1 : Utilisation des terres .................................................................................................................................................................................................57 Sujet 2.3.2 : Utilisation des terres forestières ........................................................................................................................................................................59 Sous-composante 2.4 : Ressources en sol ...................................................................................................................................................62 Sujet 2.4.1 : Ressources en sol ...................................................................................................................................................................................................62 Sous-composante 2.5 : Ressources biologiques ........................................................................................................................................63 Sujet 2.5.1 : Ressources en bois ..................................................................................................................................................................................................63 Sujet 2.5.2 : Ressources aquatiques ..........................................................................................................................................................................................71 Sujet 2.5.3 : Cultures agricoles .....................................................................................................................................................................................................78 Sujet 2.5.4 : Bétail .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................82 Sous-composante 2.6 : Ressources en eau .................................................................................................................................................86 Sujet 2.6.1 : Ressources en eau ..................................................................................................................................................................................................86 2016 – 3 MADAGASIKARA COMPOSANTE 3: RESIDUS .......................................................................................................................................... 87 Sous-composante 3.1 : Émissions dans l’air ................................................................................................................................................89 Sujet 3.1.1 : Émissions de gaz à effet de serre ........................................................................................................................................................................89 Sujet 3.1.2 : Consommation de substances appauvrissant la couche d’ozone ..........................................................................................................90 Sujet 3.1.3 : Émissions d’autres substances .............................................................................................................................................................................91 Sous-composante 3.3 : Production et gestion de déchets......................................................................................................................92 Sujet 3.3.1 : Quantités total des déchets municipaux .........................................................................................................................................................92 COMPSANTE 4: PHÉNOMENES EXTRÊMES ET CATASTROPHES .................................................................. 95 SOUS-COMPOSANTE 4.1 : Phénomènes naturels extrêmes et catastrophes naturelles ............................................................... 97 Sujet 4.1.1 Survenance des phénomènes naturels extrêmes et des catastrophes naturelles...............................................................................97 COMPOSANTE 5: ÉTABLISSEMENTS HUMAINS ET SANTÉ ENVIRONNEMENTALE ............................ 103 Sous-composante 5.1 : Établissements humains...................................................................................................................................
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