i Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF

Department of Information and Publicity, 14 Austin Road Volume 23 No. 6, 1992, Registered at the G.P.O as a Newspaper 70c (incl. sales tax)

relief programmes Bakeries

Schools Farms

Business community Chiefs Zimbabwe News Official Organ of ZANU PF

CONTENTS Editorial Angola and Mozambique 2

Opponents joining Mr. Smith 2

Cover Story Meet-the-people tour a great success 3

H om e N ew s Cde. John Nkomo defends Ministry's budget 7

Bulawayo water drilling suspended 8

New President for United Church of Christ 8

D a b e n g w a a p p o in t s r e c o r d s c o m m i t t e e ...... ~...... 8

New Army, Air Force Commanders appointed 10

Drought relief for Chipinge District 11

Further probe in ZBC 11

L a d y C h a lk e r v is it s B i k i t a ...... 11

Women W omen underestimated in development 1 2

Environment — center of focus 1 5

Residents swarm boarding school 1 5

International Unified effort needed to counter recession 18

IMF facing currency crisis 1 8

Somali town succumbs to famine and war 19

Update on Angolan elections 21

Desert survivors of the Namib 27

International intervention and interference in search for S.A. settlement 28

Talking Point The harsh realities of politics 30

Poetry Heroes of Zimbabwe 32

African heroes 32

Suppliers of Comet Trucks, Parts Zimbabwe News is the official Organ of the Zimbabwe African National Union [ZANU and Service PF| and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee by the Department of Information and Publicity, Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin * 7 J 0 N G W E Road, W orkington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee IZANU PF|. Leyland (Zimbabwe) Limited Editorial Council: Cde. N.M. Shamuyarira Cde. C.C. Chimutengwende Cde. C. Phone: 67861 Ndhlovu Cde. S. Kachingwe Cde. A. Sikhosana Cde. M. Munyati. W a tts R o a d Telex: 26387 ZW S o u th e r to n ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 1 Cover Story EDITORIAL Meet-the-people tour Angola and Mozambique a great success By our Correspondent THE leaders and the people of Angola have shown remarkable qualities of discipline and determina­ .ated to pio|ects under the Public Sector In tion. During the war years they were brave and patriotic fighters. Once their leaders had signed the vestiment Programme, and even needed a ceasefire aceord at Bise in Portugal on 30 May 1991 they put down their guns and started building bigger allocation. The President showed great the peace. Last month they held free and fair general elections peacefully and in an orderly fashion. interest in the public works programme The 4.5 million registered voters cast their votes in a politically calm and constructive atmosphere. aimed at reducing unemployment and in­ creasing the scope for self-help and self- We are glad that Angolans put President Eduardo Dos Santos and his ruling party, the MPLA, back reliance among the rural folk. He announced in power. This experienced and patriotic leader now has a mandate to reorganise his society, and to hat the food for work programmes are be heal the wounds of the 15 years of war and conflict. We hope he will form a government of national mg phased out and being replaced by pub unity that includes and incorporates the defeated party, UNITA. Such a gesture of reconciliation would lie works programmes. strengthen the hand of President Dos Santos and increase the authority, of his government. Grassroots Leadership The lessons of Angola are most relevant to Mozambicans who are now embarking on a peace process More importantly, during the tour, Cde. that should also lead to elections next year. The Mozambican situation is pow desperate, and requires Mugabe had the opportunity to discuss the current political issues with the grassroots even greater discipline and determination. We hope the caesefire signed in Rome recently will be ob­ - idem of the party — the Provincial, Districts served by all sides. In order to ensure observance of the ceasefire, much work has to be done, and and even branch leaders. They enumerated at great cost, to rehabilitate those fighters who have been living on the food and materials they took lo him the problems they face in organising or seized from the villagers, and also those who have not been paid. These armed men should be re­ the Party and motivating the people. The habilitated and integrated quickly. talks were frank and open and no-holds barred. The grassroot leaders spoke about The political situation in Mozambique has been made more difficult by the severe drought. The war On a visit to Triangle Tannery. On the right is Cde. Eddison Zvobgo, the Minister o f Mines the rising prices of services and goods, and and the famine have displaced many Mozambicans and brought starvation to many villages and dis­ the rising prices of school and hospital fees. ' ie mcet-the-people tour of the First Secre­ tricts. We are pleased that the International Red Cross and other international humanitarian organisa­ allocation will be increased to 15 They also spoke about the growing numbers tary, und the President oi ZANU PF Comrade kilogrammes per family. Cde. Mugabe also ot unemployed youths in the villages and tions have started sending food to certain remote parts of Mozambique. We urge the international R.G. Mugabe, to all the provinces has been saw a number of development projects in townships. They asked the Party and govern­ community and all humanitarian organisations to increase substantially their material and financial a great success. It has rejuvinated the Party each province dams, cooperatives, paddocks, ment to take steps to hold down the escalat­ aid to Mozambique. Building the peace and rehabilitating the economy of Mozambique is going to everywhere and silenced the opposition rlmics, schools, borehole-drilling, mining, ing prices and to find jobs for the school be an enormous and difficult task. Substantial material assistance would help to lighten the burden, press and their armchair writers. Wherever women's clubs, small-scale industries, brick leavers. The debate with the grassroots lead­ and to prepare people for the elections. the President went, he was received by en­ making, tree-planting, roadwork, wildlife- ers was both constructive and instructive. thusiastic crowds. He communicated effec­ management et cetera. The list of projects ESAP and Trade Unions tively with all sectors and sections of Zim­ he saw is long and comprehensive. In each babwean society in every district. case he commented upon, and suggested The President and First Secretary is now em Opponents joining Mr. Smith ways of improving, broadening, and increas­ barking on tours of the nine urban centres Cde Mugabe saw for himself the impact of ing the numbers of the projects, and their in the country. In addition to addressing the the severe drought on the rural population, sizes Although a lot ol money is being alio people and listening to their complaints and The opposition parties are coming out in the open in their true colours. Even Enock Dumbujena and especially the shortage of water. The great a certain Sansole have thrown away their silk gowns and cloaks of so-called objectivity, to lead the Re­ need for boreholes and small or medium­ form Party to be formed soon. We welcome the fact that they have at least and at last come out in the sized dams was stressed everywhere. The open with their views and their known opposition to ZANU PF. Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Water De­ velopment needs to redouble its efforts of The opposition parties that have emerged (and more are still coming) are all rightist in character. They procuring and commissioning air rigs and want to promote and create a neo-colonial and capitalist society that will favour foreign interests at the other drilling equipment. In Matabeleland expense of the indigenous people. The direction of their neo-colonial and capitalist policies will become North Province, Cde. Mugabe was shown clear when they issue manifestos and policy statements. We will expose these tendencies of the right and huge pipes being laid from the Nyamandlovu acquifer to the city of Bulawayo. This was the colonial capitalists very fully. the high point of a growing water problem It is curious that these opposition parties are being started and led by some very old, tired, and failed to that city. politicians. They have long run out of any new ideas. It looks as if some of our opponents are literally Food Distribution

returning from their political graves. They are all men who were given responsibility at some time in The President and First Secretary also in­ the past and failed dismally. The most revealing feature of the character of the opposition parties today, spected the distribution of food in the vari­ is that they are working with and planning their strategy with Mr. Ian D. Smith the last Prime Minister ous provinces. In some areas, delivery of food of Southern Rhodesia. He is self-confessed racist and colonialist. Smith has not changed his views, but is slow; in others the quantity of food being the Dumbujenas, Sansoles, Sitholes, Magoches, and others have merely joined him. No self-respecting given to individual families is small. Many complaints were heard about the 5 Zimbabwean can join forces with a man whose government abused, tortured and maimed and killed kilogrammes allocation announced by the thousands of our people in the 16 years he led the Rhodesian rebellion (UDI). Ministry of Labour, Public Services and So cial Welfare. He assured the people that the A t a non-holds-barred meeting with the local leadership at Basera Business Centre

2 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 3 Cover Story Cover Story

grievances, he will also talk to trade unionists He is keen to exchange views with trade un- M a s v in g o

'

Matabeleland Speaking during a tour of the project, Cde. A t the official opening o f Mashonaland Central Police Headquarters with him are the Minister Mugabe told people who had gathered to of Public Construction and National Housing, Cde. Enos Chikowore (left) and the Minister The President and First Secretary of ZANU A youth brigade choir entertaining a crowd at a rally addressed by the President at Jeuya welcome him that the government was go­ of Home Affairs, Cde. Dumiso Dabengwa PF, Cde. R.G. Mugabe addressed three star Primary School ing to encourage the construction of dams rallies which were attended by thousands of Cde. Mugabe told the people that the throughout to ensure that people would be M id la n d s M a n ic a la n d also been hard hit by the drought, and have able to produce maize for both subsistence people of all races in Matebeleland North government had already identified farms critical shuuages of water and food. Chipinge Province. and selling when there was a surplus. for resettlement purpose as empowered The President addressed five rallies in this in this province, the President was greeted and Sabi have been severely hit by the under the recently passed land Acquisi­ province, in addition to visiting Manyuchi The province lies in region 4 and 5 and with a total different situation — there was drought. At this point and in this area, sever­ The local leadership told the President that tion Act. He took personal interest in St. dam which was recently built to irrigate a is an intensive cattle farming area where too much food, in the Chimanimani district. al people complained that the local ZANU the lesson learnt from the drought and the Pauls Clinic in Nkayi where the number multi-million dollar palm oil tree plantation. crop farming is marginal. The farmers, People in this district are in fact facing (Ndonga) Councillors were discriminating success story of Tsakare irrigation scheme of beds have been reduced to a mere The southern part of the Midlands Province who have lost over 30 000 cattle be­ problems in acquiring transport to ferry their against members of other parties in food dis­ had galvanised the local community to em­ 23 from 69 when the clinic was estab­ has been hit very hard by the drought, es­ cause of the drought, told the President maize and fruit products to Grain Market­ tribution ZANU (Ndonga) councillors were al­ bark on the construction of dams under the lished in 1963 because of financial con pecially Mberengwa. Many cattle have died that the Cold Storage Commission (CSC) ing Boards and urban markets. Also, a host locating drought relief to the supporters of Public Works Programmes The provincial straints. Among the projects that the as rivers and streams have dried up was refusing to buy their cattle because of canneries in the area are churning out their party only. Cde. Mugabe deplored this leadership held a long and fruitful meeting President visited were the Kana Bridge, they are very thin. Where the parasta- thousands of fruit products for sale. But, practise and he promised to look into the with the President in order to remove differ and the jotsholo Agricultural Project. At a rally attended by thousands of people tal agreed to buy the cattle, it offered other districts in Manicaland province have issue. ences that had surfaced during the tour. As at Manyuchi dam, the local leadership told very low prices. the President the entire maize crop was a Matabeleland South In addition communal farmers com­ complete write-off this year and over plained that commercial farmers in the 280 000 people relied on drought relief aid In this province, President Mugabe also province were refusing to let their alone. The drought had resulted in drying up addressed three star rallies and visited livestock graze on their farms even of wells, and rivers, and people were walk­ construction sites of Sezibda, Mtshabe- though there are large tracks of under­ ing long distances to get water. Even the un­ zi and Lumene dams as well as officiat­ D A STOPOVER utilised grassy pastures. derground water table had dropped, there­ YSFREE ing at the opening of Matabeleland Tools fore bore-holes that once had water were INCLUDES HOTEL ACCOMMODATION IN M A LTA AND SOFIA and Forging Company. also drying up. Communal farmers in this area virtual­ In reply, the President said over 250, air rigs ly depend on cattle farming and have had been imported to drill boreholes That 's right'. Stopovers in either direction! had a tradition of buying all their sub­ throughout the country. He said some rigs sistence food as compared to their will be stationed at Mwenezi to ensure that 7 days in a fully equipped apartment neighbours in the South. adequate water was provided to the local in Malta or 2 days half board in a community. He also pointed out that village Farmers told the President at a rally at units, seeds and fertilizer will be distributed 5 star hotel. FREEH Avoca Business Centre that they had in among communal farmers for the next sea­ the past depended on selling cattle to son. In further disscusion, the communal Fly the bonus airline buy food but because of the drought the farmers thanked the Government for send­ Discover old history, golden beaches, CSC was refusing to buy them. It was ing drought relief supplies, they also thanked revealed that 31 816 people had applied the President on the announcement about winter ski resorts and for drought relief which is going to cost seeds and fertilizers but urged that they $2,5 million. friendly people. should be sent on time. In response, the President said the government was in the process of put­ Addressing people at a reception hosted in ting up a plan to enable people in the his honour at Senga Training Centre in Gweru rural areas to buy food at lower prices. Cde R. Mugabe expressed the hope that the BALKAN The food will be subsidized by the Minis­ lean economic conditions in the country try of Public Service, Labour and Social would soon come to an end to eriable en- 55 SAMORA MACHEL AVENUE HARARE: PH 729213 TELEX 4203 Visiting St Pauls Mission Services. □ vestment to flow in.

4 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER; 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 5 Cover Story Home News

usual the talkative Cde. Mavhaire was the centre of the misunderstandings that had come to the surface. Cde. John Nkomo defends Mashonaland Central Assumptions that commercial farmers in Ministry’s budget Mashonaland Central, the bread basket of Zimbabwe, could feed their employees be­ uring the Budget Debate (Finance reduce trie quantities, rather than reduce The Minister hopes that the Members cause of their comparatively better harvest Bill) in Parliament on 15 Septem­ the distribution of the quantities that of Parliament will do their best to ensure were laid to rest when the President toured D ber 1 9 9 2 , Cde. John N kom o, the were made available to us so that the that the Public is educated about the as­ rhe province. This view resulted in the farm Minister of Public Services, Labour and little bit could go around the numbers. sistance th a t is available. employees being left out of the government Social Welfare went to a great extent to Cde Ruth Chinamano asked Cde. Nko­ This screening therefore necessitated the sponsored drought-relief programme. Mal­ defend the 1992/93 $410 182 000 mo to explain why the Grant for Heroes introduction of some new forms to be nutrition is high among both children and budget for his Ministry. was so small and why it was placed un­ filled by those to receive drought relief. adults. No food was being given free or dis­ der Social Welfare which is for social des­ The Ministry has had an increase of When these forms are returned by the tributed to farm employees. The tours of titutes. She added that the National $245 750 000 for the 1992/93 financial end of September, the Ministry may be Chiweshe Mazoe, Concession, Guruve, and Heroes dependents are already suffering. able to establish whether the initial Rushinga districts were highly successful. The year. Cde Nkomo said he believed this figure remain at 5 million. in reply Cde. Nkomo said that it was the President saw a number of development is justified because of its increased size and magnitude since it now takes in Board which decided on the rates of projects. Therefore in short, the quantity of 5 Labour and Social Welfare. money to be given to the widow and the kilogrammes is what the Government Addressing a rally in Bindura, the President Visiting patients at Bindura General Hospital. With him is Dr. Timothy Stamps, children up to the age of 18. All widows Cde. John Nkom o clarified concerns from could afford during September whilst the promised the people that the government o f Health and Child Welfare of those who have been declared heroes Cde. Micah Bhebe, Member of Parlia­ screening went on to ensure that the was going to revise its position in regard to receive the same amount determined by ment for Bubi on the rights of workers. abuse of drought relief was arrested. drought relief policy, as it relates to commer the board from time to time. The Minister accepted the right of wor­ cial farm employees. He said supplementary Cde. Micah Bhebe also asked Minister kers to engage in strikes and demonstra­ Minister Nkomo added that his Minis­ feeding schemes for under fives would be im |ohn Nkomo why there is inefficiency in tions but he pointed out that this could try, through the department of social iemiyited to reduce- nlalnutrition among the public service. The Minister replied bring anarchy because once the workers welfare, merely implements the deci­ m lu iits. that the matter, was going to be dis­ freedom to strike interfers with some sions of the board. W hatever is given as cussed and addressed ’in the project people’s freedom, it ceases to be benefits in honour of the hero to the chil­ Mashonaland East which aims to see how the Ministry freedom . dren and wife is non-taxable. In other could improve the efficiency and effec­ The determination by people of Zimbabwe words the monthly payouts are not tax­ Cde. Bhebe had also earlier on voiced tiveness of the administration. Cde. Nko­ to retain the country’s prestige as the bread able at the point of tax assessment that concern on the distribution of drought mo said that steps would be taken to basket of Africa was echoed by Chief Mud- are carried out by the Minister of relief which he said was rather slow. ensure that no loss of files or informa­ •imurema of Chihota Communal lands when ' Finance. Cde. Nkomo said his Ministry had a tion and the system can be com­ he told the President at a rally in the area puterised to improve the efficiency of The amount to be given to National that his people will ensure that the tillage shortage of staff and as such the few the civil service. Heroes dependents is calculated on the units, seeds and fertiliser that the govern­ members cannot possibly check all the abuses of drought relief allegepl by Cde. basis of the number that are in place ment was distributing throughout the area Mberengwa West Member of Parlia­ Bhebe. and based on the amount that are de­ was going to be put to good use. ment, Cde. Byron Hove asked the termined by the board. There will also However, there is an attempt to solve Minister what criteria was used to During the tour, the President had the op­ be a small projection of other possible this problem of manpower shortage. choose children to be assisted in pay­ portunity to see a one-ox-drawn plough in people who may die and so declared. Cde. Nkomo’s Ministry came to some ing school fees. The Minister replied that vented by a Non-governmental Organisation Thus the Department of Social Welfare agreement with the Ministry of Local the family must be identified as desti­ to use among communal farmers. The Presi­ does not determine the levels of Inspecting a water pumping engine at Kokolombeni dam Government, Rural and Urban Develop­ tute family. Where the parents are una­ dent told hundreds of people who had paym ent. ment who have an administrative struc­ ble to pay, it is the duty of parents to gathered to welcome him that the improvi­ the markets. There were particularly bitter The President visited Hombwe Growth Point ture at the local level. go to the school, ask the Headmaster The Ministry of Public service, Labour sation was very appropriate in that it had complaints about the lack of progress in tar­ in Makonde and Magunje Growth Point in to help them fill in the form which will and Social Welfare also administers come at a time when draught power in the In addition, Cde. Nkomo said his Minis­ ring the Mubaira-Chegutu road, and the Hurungwe. He also visited Omay district then be forwarded to the department of grants to cater for institution such as communal lands had been depleted by the try is hoping that local leadership will H u rung w e B inga Road which is inhabited by Tonga-speaking peo­ Social Welfare. lairosi |irf, M a th e w Rusike et cetera. It sought. He encouraged communal farmers be assisted by Members of Parliament ple. He joined Chief Musampakaruma in car­ was the President who put this Act un in 0 1 tier parts of the country to lake advan ii reply the President told thousands of peo to try and improve the machinery. Cde. Nkomo made it clear that alloca­ rying stones for dam building. As usual, the der Cde. Nkomo’s Ministry. tage of this unique invention pie at a rally held at Mubayira Growth Point tion of funds for social welfare was not people of Omay complained about wild The Minister then went on to clarify the that even though the government was finan enough and expressed that the Minis­ Member of Parliament for Luveve, Cde. The President also visited development animals, especially elephants that destroy question of 5 kilogrammes relief food cially constrained to fulfil its objectives as try was therefore unable to service some Masuku querried the Minister whether projects in Marondera, Mrewa and Mtoko i heir crops. They requested that the Depart­ given to every reciepient. He said that outlined in the five-year national develop of the people who were really desper­ the government was going to introduce d islncts. ment of Wild Life Management should send presently 5 million people have been ment plan local people could still realise their ate especially in the rural areas. For ex­ relief in towns. Minister Nkomo replied game scouts to remove the animals. registered for drought relief and an Mashonaland West objectives by taking advantage of the pub­ ample, the rural people are not serviced that his Ministry haft no such intention amount of $70 million has to be spent. lic works projects. Cde Mugabe also visited groups of miners because there is not enough funds. but the government has decided to pro This was the last province visited by the A bit of screening has to be done since who have formed cooperatives for digging vide "food money” for any families who President Apparently, this province faired r.imnl lint ere raised Uj die effwvl d ' the GMB could not sustain any supplies chrome on the Great Dyke of Mtorashanga qualify and the forms have been better than most of the country’s provinces some districts, were being favoured when beyond a given figure and still be able He advised them to improve their machinery designed and they are available at the in that the number of drought applicants is selecting youths for training at youth train­ to supply the millers and the stock lor mining chrome. Mr. Rodney Bruks, Ministry’s departments of Social Welfare inim.il However, there were calls for the ing centres. The President’s Fund was thus feeders. Managing Director of Union Carbide which in various provinces. Anyway this is government lo improve the road system as being used to promote certain districts in ★ ★ ★ owns this mine, also met and spoke to the In this case it was necessary to reduce paid from the Social Dimensions Fund outlined in the five year national develop stead of equally sharing it among all the President either the intial number of applicants or and not out of the Vote. ment plan so lhal farm-produre can reach d is tric ts ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 7 6 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 Home News Bulawayo water drilling New President for United suspended Church of Christ he United Church of Christ in Zim­ b abw e (UCCZ) has elected Dr. W a t­ Tson M. Mkwakwami, 58, as its new president. The elections were held during an annual . synod which was held at Chikore High School in Chipinge recently.

Dr. Mkwakwami will take office as from 1 st January, 1993, taking over from Dr. Fred J. Gomendo who will be completing his four- year term of office.

During an interview with The Zimbabwe News, the outgoing president, Dr. Gomendo said the installation and consecration of the new President, Dr. Mkwakwami, will be held in November, this year.

Dr. Mkwakwami, who is the church superin­ Water shortage has cast a shadow of doubt c r the City of Bulawayo. The 47 kilometre tendent, Chairman of Heads of Denomina­ pipeline could be the only long term answer tion, Pan African Christian Leadership Assem­ lans by the Bulawayo City Council native sources, although the council could bly and Beira Committee will be heading the DAR ES SALAAM to find a short term solution to its try to finance the programme from its own UCCZ's 6 766 convents for the fourth time Pserious water crisis have hit a snag revenues. "We had to suspended the of the four-year terms of office. followingthe suspension of a borehole programme because there was nothing that LILONGWE In his outgoing address, Dr. Gomendo talked drilling programme because of the short­ we could do without money. But he will re-, about human rights, preservation of the en­ age of funds from the government. sume as soon as funds are found,” he said. vironment, assisting the drought relief A senior Council official said in an interview The City must not die, Cde. Ndlovu said. that the council had exhausted funds for the programme, self-reliance projects, offering drilling programme, which it since suspend­ The Senior Minister of Local Government, mission_farms to the convents, and the in­ ed. Acting Town Clerk Cde. Moffat Ndlovu Rural and Urban Developement, Cde. Joseph troduction of Christian education,in mission said that the Z$1 million from government Msika said plans were being made to source schools. the required funding. to fund the Z$16 million project had run out He commended the donors, Chipinge District before the 200 drilled so far could not be "I have consulted the Ministry of Finance and Administrator, Synod executive for the even equipped with pumps, I am making arrangements to come to cooperation and supportive spirit they gave the contractor had already been told to stop You don’t have to wait until you Bulawayo soon,” he said. him. ‘‘I thank all chairpersons of various com­ get to the beaches of Kenya or drilling while funding was being sought. mittees, councils and departments for the Meanwhile, the government still has to al Mauritius to start your holiday. Council has asked the city treasurer to look support they gave me during the last four loacate foreign currency to enable the con­ Because, when you fly for funds to continue with this vital project," years 1 have served,” he saidf Air Zimbabwe, your holiday begins tractor to manufacture, supply and install Cde. Ndlovu added. from the time you step aboard. Dr. Gomendo is not yet clear of his future He said, however, that it would be difficult steel pipes for the 47 kilometre pipeline. Air Zimbabwe’s tradition of caring to find the required Z$15 million from alter- Z1ANA □ plans. □ means that you’ll be truly pampered all the way, so you’ll arrive refreshed and in a Dabengwa appoints records committee holiday-ffame-of-mind.

he Minister ef Home Affairs Dumi- tary, cde. Isaac Nyahunzvi, tne Director the Records Committee was set up un­ so Dabengwa, recently appointed of Pensions Office and Cde. Josephine der the Provisions of Section 8(1) of the Tthe Records Committee of the Na­ Ncube, Chief Law Officer in the Ministry National Archives Act No. 8 of 1986. The tional Archives in Harare. ot Justice. Legal and Parliamentary functions of the new committee will be The Records Committee consists of the Affairs. to make recommendations to the Direc­ following members, Cde. Catherine Tam The committee also invited a leading tor of National Archives, Mrs Angeline budzai Nengomasha, the Deputy Direc academic historian and pro-vice- Kamba with regards to the retention or tor of National Archives as the Chair­ Chancellor of the University of Zim­ destruction of public records and the man, Dr. Kenneth Manungo, the Cheif babwe, Professor Ngwabi Bhebhe to par­ declaration of protected historical A tradition o f caring. Archivist of National Archives as Secre­ ticipate in its work. records. ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 8 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 Home News Home News New Army, Air Force Commanders Drought relief Further probe in appointed for Chipinge resident Robert Mugabe last Au­ ZBC gust appointed Lieutenant Gener­ District Pal Musungo Gava Zvinavashe as he Committee of Public Accounts is the Army Commander and Air Marshall \boul 14 people in each ward in Chipinge carring out further investigations Perence Shiri as Air Force Commander Disnct are likely to recieve drought relief as­ Tinto the administration of resources of the Zimbabwe National Army and the sistance from the no-governmental at the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corpora­ Air Force of Zimbabwe respectively with Manicaland Development Association (MDA), tion, the chairman of the Committe, Syd­ effect from September 1, 1992. a source has said. ney Malunga told Parliament' in Septem ber. The two new defence chiefs took over According to M.D.A. committee member, following the retirement of Army Com­ Cde. Solomon Bekapi Makaza, the Associa- ■peaking during debate on the special mander Solomon Mujuru and Air Chief 1 ion was going to give aid to needy people report of the Auditor and Comptroller Marshall |osiah Tungamirayi on August throughout the district. Amongst those General on the corporation, Malunga 31, 1992. registered to benefit are the aged, widows, said a memorandum by the Comptroller orphans and disabled, including a one-year- based on the report as well as the reply Born in 1943, Lt. General Zvinavashe old girl from Mvumbe area who was born by suspended director general, Cde. John joined the liberation struggle in 1963 in w ith o u t a le ft arm . Tsimba, through his lawyers had been Zam bia. Fie did his m ilitary training in • submitted to the committee, which was Tanzania in 1968 and was then appoint­ However, some members of the public criti- tarrying out further investigations. ed to the ZANLA Military Council based ised the way in which the registration of in Zambia. The Council was responsible destitutes was carried out Cde. Samuel However, before Cde. M alunga could not for the planning and execution of the Chizengwe, a polygamist and an Mukombi divulge further details, he was told by armed struggle in various war zones. Gonho, both of Nyagadza Resettlement, said the speaker that it was not the correct Cde. Makaza used nepotism during the ex­ time for this committee to report dur­ In 1971 he was appointed a member of The retired Army Commander, Solomon ercise. The two were left out during the regis­ ing this particular debate, as its report M ujuru the High Command, and in 1974 was tration exercise. would be tabled in parliamet at the ap- appointed Deputy Chief of Military Intel­ propriate time. In his defence to the allegations, Cde Maka­ ligence and Security and operated as the The newly appointed Army Commander, za said it was impossible to register all the Earlier during the debatd, Chimanimani Cde. Sydney Malunga Provincial Commander of Tete Province Musungo Gava needy people because in each ward there Member of Parliament, Cde. Michael in 1976. -The following year he was elect­ were more than the required number. Mataure had said the report had high­ He recommended that those who ed a member of the Central Committee. lighted the need to recruit the right betrayed the public trust placed in them After independence he was a member 'I fairly carried out the registration. What calibre of people to run Zimbabwe’s pub­ should be removed from office, and the of the Joint High C om m and and w as a p ­ they wanted was for them to be included in lic institutions and corporations. right with the appropriate qualifications pointed Commander of Three Brigade. the register, forgetting that each ward has recruited. In |une this year he was promoted to the more than 14 destitutes", he charged. He said most executive of Zimbabwe's rank of Lt. General. parastatals flouted laid down regula in*his contribution to the same debate, Cde Makaza however, said he was not yet lions, wasted funds, misused assests Makom East Member of Parliament Cde. Air Marshall Shiri was born in 1955 and aware of when and what type of aid people and completely disregarded authority. Dexter Chavunduka said government joined the liberation struggle in 1973. He were going to get. should take action to correct the situa­ did his training in Zambia and Tanzania Cde. Mataure said such public institu­ tion at the ZBC. before he was appointed a member of tions and corporations should be run by the General Staff in 1975, becoming men and women who could give exem­ He also said all forms of corruption by Director of Training at Mgagau in Tan­ plary service so that public confidence people in High place should be dealt zania in 1976. The following year he was could be restored. ith severely. appointed Provincial Field Commander It of Tete Province and a member of the High Command. He did an Artillery pays Course in Romania in 1979. Lady Chalker visits Bikita At independence Air Marshall Shiri was The retired Air Chief Marshall, Josiah appointed joint High Command Liaison to Tungamirai Britain's overseas Development Minister, worth of drought relief from Britain. In |uly Officer for 4 Brigade based in Masvin Baroness Chalker visited Bikita District Emer­ this year Britain signed an agreement with go. In 1984 he transferred to the Air Major General Constantine Guveya a d v e rtis e gency Water Supply Project and a Child Sup­ Zimbabwe to provide $4.57 million to help Force and was appointed Director Gener­ Chiwenga takes over as Chief of Staff plementary Feeding Programme at a Primary Bikita district implement an emergency al Supporting Services. He was promot­ (Genera Staff) with Major General Philip in School in Matibi on 18 September 1992. Water Supply Project. ed to the rank of Chief of Staff Support­ Sibanda filling the post of Chief of Staff ing Services in 1989 and. then to the (Administration and Quartermaster). At On her tour of Masvingo. Lady Chalker was The Project involves improving 96 existing la n k of Air M arshall in June 1992. the Air Force Air Marshall Henry Muche- Z im b a b w e accompanied by the Minister of State for wells, mechanical rehabilitation of 47 water na remains Chief of Staff (Operations) Rural Resettlement, Dr Swithan Mom- points, the drilling of 67 new boreholes and Following these appointments, a few with Air Vice Marshall Titus-Basutu be­ N ew s beshora, the Masvingo Provincial Governor the provision of water storage facilities for The newly appointed Air Marshall, changes were also made in the Com­ ing appointed Chief of Staff Supporting Cde ]osiah Hungwe and other local MP’s. 21 schools. This project is expected to be Terence Shiri mand Element of the Defence Forces Services. □ Zimbabwe has so far received $80 million completed within 9 months.

ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 i 1 'i

Women Home News

them, this kind of mentality is very dan­ resources of which any degradation of gerous to entertain. This school of the environment will worsen their bur­ thought has disturbed women in thei{ den and entail hardships from them and Women underestimated in endeavour to fight the war of equal their families while the man is away. rights and they cannot measure up to Culturally, Zimbabwean women have societal expectations due to the inferi­ been associated with the home in rural development ority complex. areas while men work in towns, farms B y Victor Chivanga Human development has primarily been and mines. This means women have to a product of thought and not physique be overburdened with additional respon­ verywhere in the world, it has been Hence if the thinking that the inferioi sibilities. They have to supply the labour felt women have been overlooked has to be dominated by the physically as well as mangerial skills needed to pro­ Ein many ways. The world' has un stronger is upheld, then we will be al­ vide their families with the basic neces­ derestimated the quantity and quality lowing the law of the jungle of survival sities of life. Women then suffer as a of the work they do although their par­ of the fittest to prevail. By so doing we result of environmental degradation, ticipation in all stages of development would have downgraded ourselves to which further marginalises them. is crucial. the same level as animals.

Statistics show that women constitute About 75 percent of the agricultural labour Throughout the world, women are more than half of the world’s population in Zimbabwe is done by women. They herd regarded as inferior by their lifelong part­ hence their underestimations, suppres­ cattle, goats and sheep, attend to harvests ners, men. The situation is more serious sion and discrimination means human and do all the gardening. After all this one in the developing world, particularly Afri­ development never caters for all. Histo would expect a woman to have a say in the ca. Nobody has bothered to consider ry has it that development has been affairs of the home. Unfortunately though, why it is only women who are called limping because human resources have 70% of women in Zimbabwe live in the rural she has to wait for the husband to make all upon to dance and sing whenever for­ not been utilised to their climax. If hu areas the decisions. Paradoxically, some women eign leaders are being welcomed at man resources had been fully utilised, in Zimbabwe have in a way endorsed state airports. ) we would be having many more wom­ women live in the rural areas. They till of affairs and unconsciously perpetuate it by Man has set foot on the moon and de­ en doctors, scientists, pilots, politicians, the land at both subsistence and com­ consenting to this traditional posture. veloped highly complex technological judges, army generals and company mercial level. They use firewood to pre­ tie question always lingers in mind: should machinery and yet he has not been able m anagers. pare meals for their families, they draw Underestimated and undervalued; women’s skills remain untapped to treat his valued partner equally or' water from distant wells for household women fight this battle alone or should men respectfully. It is indeed sad and ironic This discussion cannot be complete use and to water their livestock. Their wake up to reason and help liberate their without mentioning women and the en­ day-to-day lives depend on the exploi­ counterparts for the good of the country? Is that dehumanisation of women prevails husbands who are not of their choice in life and certain religions young grievous vironment in Africa. The majority of tation and utilisation of natural it not necessary to have a ministry of wom- during this historic epoch when develop­ Zimbabwe. The practice is however wan­ circumcision rituals that may lead to ment and inventions have surpassed un ing due to resistance from the youth and serious permanent- injury or death. precedented margins. adverse publicity on it. But still some Young female members of the Apostol­ young girls are going into forced These are very few societies where wom­ ic faith sect are forbidden from going to marriages. en are not mistreated, discriminated school because of a pet belief that the against or suppressed by men in one Religious fundamentalism has not an Lord is the beginning of wisdom. way or the other. This discrimination . iota in this regard. In some religions, and suppression rq^nifests itself in var­ women have been compelled to abide Women in industrialised countries also ious societies in different ways. Some by certain maral and social values. Mos­ receive a raw deal from their male coun­ women have been forcibly married to lem women have to veil their heads for terparts. Stastistically, very few women have taken up politics, joined the army, judiciary, space programmes and ad­ ministrative roles. It is not because they are not qualified but because it is made difficult for them to fight their way to f m l i Yfl f id male dominated fields. I 1 Women throughout the world are ex­ pected to be custodians of traditional Scm V, cultures given their primary role as edu­ cators. However noble this role may be, aspects of cultures that undermine, dis­ criminate, suppress and degrade wom­ en’s physical, psychological and politi­ cal development must be eliminated. To achieve this goal, both men and wom­ en must be educated and mobilised.

Literacy classes for both sexes would go a along way to enhance their mentality with regard to subjects of equality. The main reason put forward by men for Independence has seen the emergence in previously predominantly-male domains: ZU P C O women drivers are congratulated after graduation Women, especially those in the rural areas, are at the forefront o f the provision o f food for continuously subjugating women is that the families the fairer sex is physically inferior to 13 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 Home News Women

en’s affairs and other departments and or­ ganisations exclusively for men? Arguments over the above questions have yielded differ­ ent answers with the more progressive men acknowledging that women are generally op­ pressed and must be treated equally with their male counterparts. They do not believe Environment that the battle should be fought by women alone. — center of focus The battle should be fought alongside men because if women take it their own way they "Environment" has become a household heritance law has been altered slightly, the well as urban areas inorder to reach all wom ­ risk being labelled feminists and lose men’s theme in the 90s. At the book-fare held in Labour Relations Act has been changed to en in the country. Cde. Mumbengegwi said sym p a th y. Harare in August the main focus was on the make the working environment for women the response in all cases that they visit has Absolute emancipation of women is not prac­ environment so was the annual members' more comfortable. been good. This was evidenced by the recent- ticable. If the whole exercise is to be conference by the Women's Action Group, seminar which had a much bigger gather Addressing participants at the conference on safeguarded from losing direction, division though the word carried a different ing than those who attended last year's an­ the health issue Cde. M um bengegw i said The of labour must be considered. Failure to do connotations. nual conference. Surveys by the group have Health Information Programme has compet­ > will result in principles advocated for by shown that more women are now reading At the recent conference held at the Univer­ ed a survey on the needs of women pertain­ women's organisations would be obscure “Speak Out" magazine, WAG’s quarterly pub­ sity of Zimbabwe from the 11 th to the 13th ing issues to their health. “We are in the ana impracticable. lication. The editorial department of the of September the women’s main concern process of compiling and testing the book­ magazine is pleased with the response to the On a conclusive note, i would like to say that was the legal and health environment which lets which are a series called “Getting to stories that they publish. A lot of women are agricultural and rural land'use have always the group felt it was not made good enough, know your bodies.” The books will be pub­ now coming forward seeking help from WAG. been rooted in culture and tradition. Because women’s participation in the development lished in Shona, Ndebele and english,” she of this, the role of women has always been of the nation would be hindered. said. It was interesting to note at this year’s con­ ■ken for granted Development should be directed to free our women from the rigour o f food provision ference men were participating also. Previ­ The Director of WAG Cde. Sellina Mumben- There was also discussions like cancer, sex ously men were not a common feature at gegwi told the participants that it was up to ually transmitted diseases including AIDS at these conferences because they would the women to improve their environment. the conference. dominate at these meetings which were sup "If our legal and health environment is not WAG communicates its messages in rural as posed to be for women. Tb* People's Voice good enough to sustain and courage and the Subscription Bold, Factual and FeaHasa development of women then it is up to us F o rm F or Subscription ratos for 52 Issues, please sand: as women to improve this environment.” WAG was formed against a background □ Z i m b a b w e ZIMBABWE NEWS U 8 S 4 1 . 5 0 whereby a lot of exploitation and oppression Residents swarm □ Regional (South Africa and were being experienced by women in certain Africa axcluding sects of the society in the early 80s. Wom­ Z i m b a b w e PtcMC tend U S 4 5 0 en were being rounded up by the police as □ O versee* E u r o p e U S $ 6 6 boarding school □1 2 issues (1 year) Z$8,40 D6 issues (six months) ZS4.20 prostitutes when in actual fact some of them □A subscription form for other countries than Zimbabwe to the knew nothing about the trade. These were innocent victims. Also at the time of the for­ undermentioned person: (Please Print) mation of the group baby dumping was ram­ Name:.'...... pant, especially in the country’s high densi­ (Plea* PnM) ADDRESS: ...... ty suburbs. The women felt that dumping of Address:______..... babies needed a much deeper understand­ ing on the part of those who took part in these evil act by society in general. Right now a legal approach is being discussed regard­ THE RATES INCLUDE POSTAGE AND ing how such cases should be dealt with. Signature...... HANDLING. However, Cde. Mumbengegwi went on to say I ENCLOSE MY CHEQUE/POSTAL ORDER FOR during the conference the legal approach The I n s Indude PocUgr and HandUng. I e n d o a e my cheque/postal order for the am ount indkated above. THE AMOUNT INDICATED ABOVE. alone was not enough. WAG has taken it upon itself to explain, inform and educate M a i t o : The Sales Officer/Zirrtbabwe Neves The Gradation Manager Jong we Printing & Publishing Co. women on the new laws that have been 14 Austin Road The People's Voice passed as a result of their pressure. Issues 14 Austin Pood Workington under discussion at the conference were the W o rking ton HARARE , Legal Age of Majority Act, which made wom ­ Zimbabwe HARARE Zim babwe en, who in Africa law and custom were al­ ways considered as minors, majors and therefore equal to their male counterparts, the Infanticide law, which takes into consider­ ation the harsh environment which a wom­ an goes through when pregnant and faced with rejection by the family, which may drive her into abandoning her baby. The In­

14 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 15 0

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16 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 17 International International

rescue economies in trouble. It lends out measures to defend their currencies have a spill-over effect and drag down resources supplied by its member coun­ hile Germany has been criticised for overall world economic growth as vari­ tries to nations that are struggling with doing too little to moderate the strength ous European countries are forced to Unified effort needed runaway inflation or. sharp currency of the German Mark. boost interest rates to keep their curren­ t's from weakening devaluations. Some experts said the strains in the Eu­ The IMF has released an updated world In return for the loans, the IMF usually ropean Monetary System, set up to keep to counter recession prescribes though economic reform European currencies closely align, were economic forecast in which it projected measures such as eliminating govern similar to the strains that eventually that global output, which slowed to a he major industrial countries ended the fixed exchange rate system barely perceptible 0.1 percent rate of The main them of the meeting was the ii i a gloomy appraisal of the global eco­ ment deficits. should make a unified effort to that had governed world currencies for growth in 1991, would rebound to a role of private investment in the de­ nomic scene, however, the meeting con­ Mr. Camdessus' remarks came in ad­ grow th of 1.1 percent this year and 3.1 Tcounter the recession and over velopment process, and the final com­ a quarter-century after World War Two cluded that “The World continues to face vance of the annual meeting of the percent in 1993. come the impasse in trade negotiations, munique stressed “The positive role that susbstantial economic difficulties and 169-Nation IMF and its sister lending or­ It was abandoned in favour of a current Pakistan's Finance Minister told a Com­ foreign investment can play in this there is little change of an early strong ganisation, The World Bank, and a free-floating system for currencies two monwealth Finance Minister’s meeting regard.” They are living in a fantasy land with recovery.” gatheirng in September of top finance decades ago. on September 17. a forecast for world growth over 3 per­ officials from the World’s seven richest The Ministers agreed that it is “critical­ The communique noted that an increase Chief IMF economist Mr. Michael Musa cent,” Mr. Bergsten said. He said that "There is need for bold and concerted countries -- The United States, japan, ly important to put in place domestic in funds for the IM F is still pending, “For s a id he believed volatility for European the hangover of troubles from the 1980s action", Finance Minister Sartaj Azia told Germany. Britain, France. Canada and policies which encourage investment”, which US congressional approval is still currencies should prove to be short-lived such as inflated real estate values and the representatives of 46 common­ and noted that a large number of mem­ outstanding”. The Ministers agreed to Italy. and was being caused in part by the un­ heavy debt burdens would act to wealth nations on the concluding day ber countries have undertaken structur­ hold the annual commonwealth Finance In addition to the weak global and the certainty surrounding a referendum in depress growth for some time to come. of their meeting. “I hope that the com­ al adjustment and market-oriented re­ Ministers’ meeting in the Bahamas next soviet problems, finance officials now France over a proposal to link the monwealth Forum will send out a strong form measures. year. □ find themselves searching for ways to 12-nation European community into a. The IMF continued to forecast bleak signal in this regard to the annual meet­ calm turmoil in world currency markets, tighter economic and political union. times for the former Soviet Union, ings of the World Bank and the Interna­ which have been on a roller-coster ride predicting that total output, which fell tional Monetary Fund.” But M r C. Fred Bergsten, head of the In­ in recent days. stitute for International economics, a by 9 percent in 1991, will drop by New Zealand’s Finance Minister, Ruth IM F facin g another 18.2 percent this year and 6.5 Britain, Italy and Sweden have found Washington think-tank, said he believed Richardson, who chaired the two-day percent in 1993. □ themselves forced to take extraordinary the European monetary problems could meeting told a press conference that there was “some very straight talking” on the Trade issue. currency crisis She noted that the final communique is­ Somali town succumbs sued on September 17 stressed that ashington — The International contending that regardless of how the “Ministers expressed grave concern Monetary Fund suddenly finds European situation eventually is about the delays in achieving a success­ W itself facing the biggest world resolved, the IMF is being too optimis­ ful conclusion of the Uruguay round” of currency crisis in two decades. tic about prospects for world growth. to famine and war Trade talks under the general agreement At the moment, IMF officals are insist­ on tariffs and Trade. IMF managing director Mr. Michael ing that the turmoil involving European Camdessus was expected to address The Uruguay round is being held up by currencies is temporary and will be these issues along with the critical eco­ of a month, Baidoa has gone from a a dispute between the United States and resolved fairly quickly without any lon- nomic problems facing the former Soviet recognisable town hit by famine, to be­ the European Community on the sub­ glasting adverse effects on the world Union at a news conference in ing a camp where dead bodies are as sidizing of Agricultural exports. Subsi­ econom y. Septem ber. much a part of the rubble as the homes dies have injured Commonwealth desi toyed by civil war. Some US experts are not as sanguine, Agricultural exporters such as Australia. The IMF has the reponsibility of helping The streets are silent. Children whose Cde. Bernard Chidzero, Finance Minister age and sex are impossible to identify of Zimbabwe, stressed that “current drift around, too weak to beg or react trends towards Regional Economic and to anything. Upon the fire-charred bricks Trade Blocks should not be used as of a ruined building the dead body of Trade Shields against non-membefs but a young man lies spreadeagled. On the rather operated within a framework con­ main road to the hospital an old man sistent with GATT rules and the virtues lies dead clutching a walking stick. Be­ of open Trade.” side him lies another old man. He is dead too. Richardson emphasised that turmoil on world monetary exchange markets in re­ A hand reaches out from beneath a cent days underlines how important it colourful shawl, just a hand held out for is to have sound financial management whatever might be placed in it by in place. “We want economics with a hu­ whoever is passing. But the people who Somali Warlod Mohamed Farah Aideed. m an face,” she said. are passing are dying too. His clan has taken control of most of Cheif Emeka Anyaoku of Nigeria, the A fee weeks ago there were some M ogadishu warfare in Somalia Commonwealth Secretary General, said rom every dark, paneless window, healthy looking people in Baidoa, which lowed some children to play in the the meeting resulted in an increase of from every doorway, down every lies 140 miles north-east of Mogadishu. streets with toy guns made of wood or 706 000 pounds in pledges to the Com­ Fstreet in the town, the skeletal, rag- The contrast then between the living metal, while beside them refugees from monwealth Fund for Technical Cooper­ Managing Director of the IM F, Michael Camdessus (right) escorts Mr Konstantin draped people stare as the wander and the dying was stark, and showed the villages lay in the sand dying. ation, to a total of 23 million pounds. Kagalovskiy, P\enipolentiarv Representative of the Russian Government starving among the rubble. In the space the awful injustice of a famine whcih al

18 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 International International British Gas in huge Kazakhstan Update on gas/oil deal Angolan elections B y Our Correspondent ritish Gas and Agip, the Italian nal agreement. This will, however, be off­ ulieady partially developed, is current­ State oil company, have been label and demanded better wages and low­ set by revenue from increased produc­ ly operated by Karachaganak GazProm. n the May 1 st square at Deodinda Bchosen by the Kazakhstan Gover tion levels. Present output is around 12.7 million cu- er food prices in all regions. Rodriquez Street in Luanda, the Cap ment to jointly develop the world’s lar­ oic metres of gas per day and 85,000 Oital city of Angola, a flame burns. This The dipersal of the peasantry by bombs, gest oil and gas fields. The Karachaganak Field is expected to barrels of liquids a day. But this is a far flame is an expression of the desire for peace mines and crossfire between the government Under an agreement just signed, the yield more than 566,000 million cubic lower level of production than will be by the people of Angola after 30 years of war and the South African supported UNITA, and Anglo-Italian partnership will negotiate metres of gas — equivalent to Britain’s achieved in future with investment from and destabilisation. The flame burning on a their subsistence on the heap of overcrowd­ BG and Agip, and use of the latest exclusively to buy the reserves of the total needs for more than a decade. It street named after one of the first female free­ ed shanty towns called “musseques,” technology. Karachaganak Field in north-west is four times the size of the largest gas dom fighters to die in the struggle for nation­ demanded a discussion in the election cam­ Kazakhstan. These talks are expected to field in the UK. Additionally, the field BG and Agip plan to base th e filed’s al independence against the Portuguese paign which could point ot the path of eco­ lead a full agreement in a year’s time. probably holds more than 2,000 million furhter development on Paxtial Gas colonialism, symbolizes the desire for peace nomic reconstruction and the political trans­ barrels of oil and condensate, equivalent and democracy by the working peoples of formation of this mineral rich society. The initial financial commitment by Brit­ Recycling where up to around one third to the size of the North Sea Forties oil Angola. This flame of peace was lit by Presi­ ish Gas is around US$20 million but this of the gas is injected back into the field field. dent lose Eduardo do Santos after the Bicesse could rise to more than 3,000 million US to boost liqiud production. Two thirds Prospects for peace in Angola Accords between the government of the rul­ dollars over the ten years following fi- Karachaganak, discovered in 1979 and of the output can be exported to earn early revenue. ing People’s Movement for The Liberation of Angola (MPLA) the party and guerilla politi­ Peacemaking must be the antithesis of pression, the opening up of private news i British Gas’s share of Karachganak coula cal organisation called National Union for the warfare and warmaking. In Angola to­ dia with constitutional changes leading ulti­ approximately double the company’s T otal Independence o f A ngola (UN1TA). UN1- day the decisive forces calling for peace Somali town succumbs to famine mately to the adoption of a new constitu­ existing reserves of oil and gas. It is the TA, with the military and financial support are the soldiers and ordinary working poor tion for Angola. Despite these legal changes lagest gas field and second largest oil of the United states and South Africa, had who demand an end to the militarization of and war continued from previous page the traditions of 500 years of Portuguese field in Kazakhstan, and could have a been fighting against the government since the society. The road to both the peace treaty colonialism along with the legacies of productive life of more than 70 years. leading to the withdrawal of the South Afri­ 1975. authoritarianism and anti democratic forms But now the children have stopped their tion in Somalia, the US has so far airlift cans from Namibia in 1989 and the peace Karachaganak is located just over the The treaty for peace signed in Lisbon in May of political arbitration still dominate the games. Few faces are without marks of ed 300 tonnes of food into the country Accords leading to the ceasefire between UN­ border from the super-giant Orenburg 1991 laid the basis for a ceasefire between society. hunger and exhaution. The faces of peo­ and sent 1 600 tonnes to Somali refu­ ITA and the MPLA now constituted one of gas field in Russia. Orenburg is now in the government and UN1TA; the unification The establishment of over 18 political par­ ple too weak to continue stare from ev­ gees in northen Kenya. Since August 28, the definite issues of the election campaign decline and Karachaganak currently uti­ of the two armed forces, (FAPLA of the MPLA ties financed to the tune of US$1.5 biiiion by ery direction as you pass. In the shadow there have been 31 US relief flights into in Angola. The contending interpretation of lises the Orenburg field processing facil­ and FALA of UNITA; the confinement of the government, and with a number of of a wall at the Bi Projects camp, a baby Somalia. Another 145 000 tonnes of US the issues of the underlying causes of the ities, including the Soyuz gas export troops to assembly areas; the demobilization presidential candidates vying for the position lies curled up peacefully on a sheet. Its food is to be sent only after the begin­ wars are as varied as the eighteen parties pipeline. This pipeline was built to of the other armed elements, and the forma of the head of state, the politics of Angola m o th er is preparing to bury it. Flies ning of the US financial year in October. deliver gas from Orenburg the Europe­ that participated in the elections. tion of a joint Verification and Monitoring was poised to enter a new era. The conse­ hover a 30-year-old man lying nearby, The US hands over its food to the relief an market. At present, Karachaganak li­ quences of the backwardness of Portugal as dead less than an hour. In this camp 70 Commission to monitor ceasefire implemen­ agencies operating in Baidoa — consi­ quids are sent to local refineries. a colonial authority dominate the society es­ people are dying everyday. In Baidoa, tation. Under the United Nations Security dered the most insecure town so far pecially at the level of the intellectual culture. its normal population of 30 000 swelled Kazakhstan occupies more than 2.5 mil­ Council Resolution 698 of May 1991 there reached by the airlift operation — and African languages and cultures are repressed lion square kilometres in the south was the establishment of the United Nations to at least, 60 000 by displaced people relies on gunmen hired by the agencies Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM) with by leaders who at the same time invoke cal­ from surrounding vilalges, there are eastern corner of the former Soviet Un­ to ensure that the food is not stolen and culations of ethnic and regional divisons. about 500 deaths a day. ion, with a population of around the mandate to monitor and verify the im ­ sold. While more food has arrived in W ith this legacy of regional differentiation as 15,000,000. This land-locked country is plementation of the Accord. The mandate of The two US air force transports which Baidoa in the past month due mainly to the basis of class selection the elections in bordered by China, Kirgizia, Uzbekistan, the UN also included the observation and recently began an emergency airlift of airlifts by the United Nations Children Angola turned on the discussion of ethnic Turkmenistan, the Caspian Sea and Rus­ verification of the electoral process, along food into Baidoa were greeted at the Fund, the delivery of extra food has coin­ balancing and which ethnic group consti­ sia. It has large oil reserves and with the monitoring of the registration town’s airfield by local politicians, their cided with the arrival of hundreds more tutes the majority. produced 25 million tonnes of oil in process for the free and fair elections which accompanying gunmen and a handful refugees in the town. During the election campaign the clear win­ I 1990. were held on September 29 and 30, 1992. of demonstrators carrying signs in En­ ners in the short run were the international The UN special envoy to Somalia, Mo­ MPLA and Democratisation glish and Arabic saying, "Foreign Arm Kazakhstan wants to use its indigenous vultures who fed the currency trade and hammed Sahnoun, said recently that the No, Food Yes’’. Abdi Warsarme Isak, resources to kick-start the economy, In 1991 the ruling party laid the legal basis parallel commercial transactions called the Somali crisis was “much worse than we whose somali National Movement is providing direct social, technical, infras­ for Angola to become a multiparty society “black market". This market, controlled by had previously thought". As relief agen­ tructure and environemental benefits to aligned with one of the country's main and to end the leading role of the MPLA. At white expatriates, commercial agents, and cies visit more villages, they are finding On the part of the ruling MPLA the cause of warloads, General Mohammed Farrah its population. BG/Agip has offered to the Third Party Congress of the MPLA the diamond smugglers should be in reality people who have died in their houses or the war which lasted over 16 years was the Aidid,welcomed the US airlift but said manage a range of projects to help constitution of the party was amended to al­ called the white market. These marketeers are waiting to die, too weak to travel to policies of destabilization and war in that his fighters should be left to arrange Kazakhstan achieve these goals. Oil low opposition parties to organize, to allow in alliance with a corrupt and inefficient where food is now being delivered. Ev Southern Africa waged by the South Africans. security for relief food, not the 3 000 refineries, petrochemical works, rail and for other forms of association, for press free­ bureaucracy reinforce the devaluation of the ery time the scale of the crisis is as­ The actual hostilities in Angola were part of United Nations troops proposed to pro­ road developments, training, water sup­ dom and for the process of the legalisation worth of the labour power of the Angolan sessed and more food arrives, the need war against the African majority in South tect the aid shipments. ply, agricultural and medical improve of political parties. Subsequent legal instru­ peoples. For a short period in January 1992 becomes greater and the desperation ments are amongst the activites to be the workers across Angola defied the ethnic Africa, it included the illegal occupation of Under its $10 million emergency opera ments formally guaranteed freedom of ex­ grows worse. [ | discussed. (LPS) □ ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 21 20 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 International International

Namibia, the support of low intensity warfare tation will also reflect the extent to which were several newspaper articles which (b) The National Democratic Party of An­ didates. By the time of the start of the cam­ saw other parties struggling with stencils, " Mozambique and the conventional war in the educational institutions of Angola can claimed that the forces of UNITA were seek­ gola (PNDA) led by Daniel Chipenda. Un­ paign there was nothing to separate the eco­ gestetner machines and stapling Southern Angola. UNITA was an ally of South communicate to the population the impact ing to m ilitarily occupy towns and strategic til the start of the election campaign nomic policies of the MPLA from UNITA or programmes the documents of UNITA were Africa. According to the official history of Fap of external intervention in the society since locations in Malanje, Huambo, Benguela and Chipenda had been the chief election or­ the FNLA. All spoke of the need for foreign prepared for the boardroom of the potential la, 'South Africa implemented a particular the fall of the Portuguese colonial forces in i ib ito. ganiser for the MPLA. He was one of investment and for the liberalisation and investors. ly dreadful scorched earth strategy against 1974. The necessity for this reconstruction privatisation of the economy. The initiatives the leaders involved in the Eastern The MPLA, on the other hand, produced a our glorious fatherland. By spreading terror of history was brought home by the fact that Revolt of the MPLA in the seventies. taken by the MPLA in alliance with the In­ killing, thousands of men, women and chil­ coherent strategy 'to move from the com­ oung Angolans are not taught about bat­ ternational Monetary Fund was criticised by mand economy. Without clearly stating what dren, by destroying the economic and social tles at Quifangondo or the decisive military • (c) The Democratic Party of Angola led by UNIt a as being too slow. will be the content of the privatisation exer­ basic equipment and infrastructure, the ene­ defeat of the South Africans at Cuito Antonio Alberto Neto. Neto was one of cise, the MPLA entered into agreements with my's objectives was to force the Angolan Cuanavale. the organisers of the Angolan youth in people into accepting the sharing of tis the anti colonial period. Neto was on UNITA’s glossy brochures spelt out an eco­ diverse foreign companies without spelling The small parties sovereignty with the traitors and puppets the panel of African jurists and one of nomic programme of short term emergen­ this out to the people: One has to read the cy economic measures 1992-1993, medium special supplement of international business greedy for power and devoted to internation­ This ignorance was (Compounded by the fact the only parties to speak openly of a term liberalisation and stabilisation of the papers such as the to u n ­ al capitalism." that many of the small parties which Pan African Orientation. Financial Times aconomy 1993-1995 and the long term '■merged in the 1992 election campaign were derstand the extent of the deals made with The UNITA version insisting that the battles of 1975 were be privatisation and transformation from a state foreign oil companies, with South African run system 1995-1999. It was clear that the mining and r-nmmprrial interr-*0 rh» un­ •bn the part of UNITA the MPLA government cause of militarism in the MPLA. This argu brochtires for UNITA that there was no ab­ had come to power by lorce in 1975. This ment was put forward by the party called successful efforts of the MPLA to out looby sence of financial resources. For a while one Marxist government brought in the Soviet the Party for the Renewal of Democracy in UNITA in the corridors of Washington. Union and Cuba and for 16 years UNITA was A ngola (PRD), a fo rm a tio n w hose leadership fighting to liberate Angola from foreign domi­ is comprised of survivors of the coup attempt nation by the forces of communism. But by elements of the MPLA, led by Nito Alves. whatever the interpretation it is clear that This party was demanding an investigation Angolan election the issues which divided the Angolan peo­ of the mass assassinations and other abuses There were over 18 registered political nies had become enmeshed in the tensions of human rights that followed the abortive parties in Angola competing for seats of the cold war. This much is clear from the. coup attempt in 1977 in the National Assembly on the basis historical record which has been presented of proportional representation. There were result meets by United States personnel from the Central Task for UN more than thirteen Presidential candidates. Intelligence Agency. Many of parties the were not taken serious­ One of the mandates of the United Nations ly and it was claimed by many that some Under the banner of Constructive Engage­ am (UNAVEM II) was to complete the ex­ general approval were starting to get the US$50,000 and car (3) Parties with leaders which are aligned ment the Reagan administration supported ercise of creating a new army from the ranks along with local currency which was being to one or more of the major parties. !he South African campaign to roll back com­ of FAPLA, the army of the MPLA, and FALA, handed out for the elections by the govern tion noted that "the political party delegates munism in Africa. Now with the disintegra the army of UNITA. (UNAVEM II was the (a) The Convention for National Democra­ he results of the general election held ment. In one case there were two Presiden­ at the polling stations confirmed their satis­ lion of the Soviet Union the South Africans name of the UNITED NATIONS team. UNA­ cy in Angola (CNDA) is led by Pinto [oao in Angola on September 29 and 30, has tial candidates in one family. The only female faction with the procedures followed have also pioduced their version of how they VEM i was the name given to the team which a former Minister and Director General Tbeen generally ap­ candidate for President was Honorato Nlan throughout the electrol process and the fair­ brought peace to Angola and South Africa. had overseen the withdrawal of the Cuban of Information of the MPLA. This party proved by independent observers, and do of the PDLA. Her party had offices in a ness of the conduct of the elections." It urged forced from Angola after the Accords which is committed to supporting (onas representative organisations within Angola. compound of cooperantes from Portugal and led to the independence of Namibia and the ' Savimbi for the Presidential campaign. The 400 monitors and observers who super­ all parties to accept the results of the the offices were inaccessible to ordinary Afri­ disengagement of the Africans from Southern vised the voting of 6 000 polling stations election. can Angolans. (b) The Social Democratic Party of Angola Angola). According to the 1991 Accords the were generally satisfied with arrangements Religious organisations, including the power­ (PSDA) led by Andrew Kilandamoko. The party of her brother. Anaiia Pereira, who demobilization of the soldiers would lead to and procedures for voting. ful Catholic Church, have stated their satis­ This party is committed to supporting the formation of an army of 50,000. By the was the Presidential candidate of the PLD the Presidency of'lonas Savimbi. faction with the way the elections were con­ end of August 1992, 16 months after the ac­ was in this same guarded compound. Par­ Although the leader of UNITA, Mr. Jonas (c) The Democratic Party for Progress and ducted, and urged the Angolan population cord the French, Portuguese and British per­ ties such as these while registered with Savimbi, belatedly been disputing the results, the National Alliance of Angola (PDP— to accept the result. sonnel who were responsible for this process programmes were not taken seriously by the his Vice-President, Mr. Chitunda, and other ANA). This party was led by Prof. The American delegation led by Mr. |. Mii- oi integration had been able to integrate African majority. members of the national executive accept it. Nfulumpinga Nlando and was commit­ ington, sent their comments to Washington, 7 868 men in the new unified armed forces Leaders of the other smaller political parties File parties in Angola could be grouped in ted to supporting the Presidential cam­ also accept them and have been to Savim- but they too expressed their satisfaction with of Angola (FAA). This represented fifteen per­ three categories: paign of ]onas Savimbi. the arrangements made and procedures fol­ cent of the new army. The UN personnel ex­ bi's house in Luanda urging him to accept There were other parties worth mentioning lowed for concfucting the election. pected to unify the other 85 percent of the ( 1 ) The historic parties which claim a them. Mr. Savimbi's defeat cannot be but they were poorly-organised without clear heritage from the period struggle for na­ changed or covered up by challenging the new army in 25 five days (by September 25) At the time of going to press (Monday, Oc­ positions. These are the Forum for Democrat­ tional Independence. These were MPLA, in time for the elections. All the elements result. tober 5) the troubled people of Angola were ic Angola (FDA) and the Party for the Alliance UNITA and the FNLA. The respective necessary for the creation of warlordism are still waiting for the verdict of the United of the Youth and workers and peasants of Election observers of the EEC (the AWEPAA) The psychological warfare section of the present in Angola. Hungry soldiers, and large Presidential candidates were Jose Edu­ Nation-observer delegation The UN had a A ngola (PA|OCA). stated categorically that the elections were South African Defence forces has produced ardo Dos Santos, |onas Savimbi and caches of weapons. free and fair. They said the Angolans who large number of observers, and has kept Holden Roberto. In the case of the FDA this was a party of at least three books with their version of how close contact with the Angolan people. The in the interim there were three armies in An­ former members of UNITA which is cam­ worked at polling stations "behaved in an 1 he South African armed forces fought com ­ verdict of the UN observers will, no doubt, gola, the disintegration remnants of FAPLA, (2* Parties with leaders with national and paigning against the human rights abuses examplary fashion in the conduct of their munism and brought peace. international standing. greatly influence all the other delegations. the conventional cum guerilla forces of FALA of the party and the strong ethnic politics duties". Each polling booth had representa­ The achievement of peace in Angola is now tives of all parties, including UNITA. There and the new army. The armies were sup- (a) These were the Party for the Renewal promoted by the leadership. Pajoca is a party The most positive outcome of the election clearly dependent on how the Angolan peo­ was a book for anyone to write his or her posed to be assembled in 45 centres across o f D em ocracy (PRD) led b y Luis Dos Pa- which is committed to supporting lose Edu­ is the personal victory and popularity of ple interpret the causes of the war, the ac­ complaints. None did. The votes were count­ ! he country to be demobilized but there were sos. (This party claims the mantle of ardo Dos Santos in the Presidential President Eduardo Dos Santos himself. He ed at the polling stations in the presence of tual source of the perpetuation of the fight­ charges that both armies were keeping Nito Alves of the 1977 coup). The lead­ Cam paign. has won an overall vote of 60 percent of the ing and the forces which were responsible reserve forces and armies to be able to con­ all party representatives, soon after closing. votes cast so far. He and Savimbi addressed ers were underground after the arbor The most striking fact of the campaign was ■'or the peace tre q ty in Lisbon. This in te rp re ­ tinue with contention for territory. There many large election meetings; and he has in- tive coup attempt in 1977. the unity of interests between the main can In their interim report the AWEPAA delega­

ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 23 f o r e x RETENTION RETAINS WATER International A pipeline for development. TUBE AND PIPE INDUSTRIES dicated his intention to include several UNI- ambo, Benguela, and Bie where Savimbi is tory. but none predicted such a large mar CAN MAKE STEEL PIPING TA leaders in his cabinet should he win. So topping the list, and in Zaire province where gin. It remains to be seen if MPLA and Dos LOCALLY TO MEET A MAJORITY OF far Dos Santos has got the highest vote in Mr. Holden Roberto of the FNLA is leading. Santos will hold-on to their convincing lead NEEDS. IF YOU HAVE A FOREX RE­ all provinces, except in the provinces of Hu- Many analysts had expected an MPLA vic­ after the final tally. □ TENTION OPPORTUNITY, OR ANY Results as at Saturday 3 October at 3:00 o’clock OTHERSOURCE OF FOREX, WE CAN m a k e TT CARRY J.E. J.M . H. Votes cast dos Santos Savimbi Roberto Total Votes Regis­ so far as PROVINCE (MPLA) (UNIT A) (FNLA) cast as tered % o f at 3 o’clock Votes Registered Votes

/ w a t e r WITHIN 3 0 DAYS OF 1. CABINDA Pres. 7 467 1 571 113 19 160 15 443 59.3% I^PTH E FOREX APPROVAL. WE Party 7 352 1 530 202 9 084 58.8% MANUFACTURE TO INTER­ NATIONAL STANDARDS AND 2. ZAIRE Pres. 13 338 12 127 16 928 42 393 76 044 55.7% WOULD REALLY LIKE TO GET Party 14 035 11014 14 589 39 638 52.1% THINGS FLOWING. USING THIS 274 725 , 34.9% ROUTE WILL MAKE YOUR FOREX 3. UIJE Pres. 5 6 8 3 3 33 978 5 180 95 986 35.3% WORK AT LEAST 40% BETTER Party 64 475 26 996 5 580 97 051 PLEASE CONTACT US IMMEDI- I Pres. 89 421 12 535 437 317 852 745 51.3% ATELY ON TELEPHONE 6 2 5 0 1 -6 ,j 4. LUANDA 335 361 16 939 425 278 49.9% FAX 62507, TELEX 2 6 0 0 3 ZW. Party 335 492 72 847 TUBE A N D PIPE INDUSTRIES (PVT) LTD I 137 962 19.5% TILBURY ROAD, WILLOWVALE, P O BOX! 5. K. NORTE Pres. 24 606 2 036 294 26 936 ST 191. SOUTHERTON, HARARE 1 Party 25 984 1600 327 27 911 20.2%

6. K. SUL Pres. 42 515 5 873 174 48 562 350 615 13.9% Party 47 669 4 867 259 52 795 15.1%

7. MALANJE Pres. 50 760 5 351 291 56 402 332 462 17.0% Party 56 243 3 895 462 60 600 18.2%

8. LUNDA NORTE Pres. 31 664 3106 244 35 068 154 909 22.6% Party 2 6 2 4 2 2 424 724 29 390 19.0%

9. BENGUELA Pres. 61 957 98 073 718 160 748 556 616 28.9% Party 65 513 88 519 882 154 914 27.8%

10. HUAM B0 Pres. 21 917 58 803 153 80 513 442 080 18.2% Party 21929 53 995 252 76 242 17.2%

11. BIE Pres. 21 716 87 123 198 109 037 330 687 33.0% Party 24 292 76911 407 101 610 30.7%

12. M 0X IC 0 Pres. 27 371 9317 324 37 012 92 619 40.0% Party 28 239 7 900 528 36 667 39.6%

13. K. KUBANGO Pres. _ _ _ — 133 162 _ Party — — — — • _

14. NAMIBE Pres. 18 444 11 751 238 30 433 84 918 35.8% W>m , Party 20 139 10 145 292 30 576 36.0%

■ - 15. HUILA Pres. 64 698 26 344 590 91 632 501 595 18.3% Party 72 820 23 338 754 96 912 19.3%

16. CUNENE Pres. 48 551 4 935 336 53 822 148 528 36.2% Party 55 654 2 636 449 58 739 39.5%

17. LUNDA SUL Pres. 22 409 1 234 221 23 864 88 451 27.0% Party 15 588 705 194 16 487 18.6%

18. BENGO Pres. 32 809 11 535 3 263 47 607 91 921 51.8% Party 35 270 9 623 2 879 47 772 52.0%

Key: Pres. = President BABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 Numbers bold in italics = The leader or party in the lead ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 25 L, V International

mg up the soft dust in their trunks and blow­ ing it over themselves, until they resemble Desert survivors gray ghosts. Do you think it is because they SAVE FUEL like being dirty? Far from it. The coating of of the Namib dust, like fine talcum powder, cools the skin and insulates it against the fierce sun. Kaokoland and Damaraland are vast regions ed in a pile of warm, nutritious dung, ready that overlap the northern part of Africa's to germinate when the rains eventually fall. il you remain very quiet, you will see the with Q - SYSTEM Namib Desert. “Lost worlds into which few Thus, thanks to the elephants, acacias are herd at rest after the powdering. At rest, that have been privileged to venture until recent­ effectively replaced in a neverending ecolog­ is except for the large ears. Watch how they FOR PETROL AND DIESEL ENGINES. ly,” is how Clive Walker describes them in ical cycle. are in constant motion in a gentle fanning his b o o k Twilight of the giants. This is the movement. Besides stirring a slight breeze, To re m e m b er is to survive NOW AVAILABLE IN ZIMBABWE home of the world’s only true desert which is always welcome, the blood that elephants. You have probably heard the saying, "An passes through the network of protruding elephant never forgets.” Let us consider how veins in the ears’is cooled by as much as There are perhaps fewer than a hundred of this applies to the life-style of the desert ~-.x degrees Celsius. This cooler blood is then A new and proven technology in superior lubrication these giants left in these regions. Less than elephants. They have a highly developed circulated through the huge body and back and efficient fuel combustion. 150 millimeters of rain falls per year, and sense of family life, of togetherness, and a to the ears. Do you sometimes wish you too sometimes none falls for years. How do the calf will stay with its mother for up to ten had a built-in air conditioner? elephants quench their thirst and satisfy their years, a lengthy childhood compared to The Q System works by a catalytic action on fuel appetites? Maybe by now your feet have become tired other mammals and second only to humans. impurities in a unique combination with the latest in from crouching? Watch how that big tusker Adapting to a desert lubrication technology, resulting in more efficient During this adolescence, the calf associates over there relieves her feet. Look how ele­ fuel combustion and smoother running engines. r Elephants were first reported in Western with elephants of varying ages,learning from gantly she bends her front knee, balancing namib in 1895, and evidence indicates that the the secrets of how to survive in an relent­ the foot on the toenails. She is resting the they have lived in the desert for generations. ing environment. He is shown where and pad of her foot. Sometimes elephants cross BENEFITS During a recent dry period when no rain fell how to find water, which plants to eat and their back legs in an amusing fashion, like for five years, elephants remained in the when the come into season. And he is taught someone leaning on a walking stick. desert, and as far as a direct result of the how to avoid man. It is this fund of teach­ See the round stone that the elephant is roll­ • 10 - 20% reduction in fuel consumption drought, although large numbers of kudu; ing and knowledge that the young elephant ing under her foot. It is thought that this gemsbok (oryx), and mountain zebra, as well must never forget when he reaches adult­ relaxes the pads of the tired feet, in much • Substantial extension of engine life as a few elephant calves, perished. hood. “In times of drought”, explains the say way as a podiatrist might massage • Extended injector and valve life “Elephants,” concludes Mitch Reardon in his Reardon, “an elephant's memory and ex­ the sole of a patient’s sore foot. You must b o ok The Besieged Desert," are amongst the perience may be the key to survival!” remember that the herd may have walked • Reduction in starter current drawdown most adaptable creatures on earth. many kilometres, and these appear to be The elephant way of life is based on a m atri­ some of the ways they have of relieving pres- • Reduced exhaust emissions. Although riverbeds in Kaokoland are usual­ archal society, and a key figure to the sut sure on their pads. ly dry, water from the eastern escarpment vival of the herd is no doubt the older cow. filters through under the sand, and the She leads her family, and the herd in a con- How long will they Survive? elephants make use of this. They dig and tinous search for water and food. In perhaps Though able to survive the natural hazards maintain waterholes by excavating in the 50 years of living, she acquires an accumu­ of their environment, can the desert giants end sand of the riverbed. Water seeps into lation of survival knowledge. By her leader­ also survive the encroachment of their only these holes, and when the elephants have ship and example, this is passed on to the predator, man? It seems yes. The local tribes­ had their fill, literaly myraids of other younger ones ol the herd. Thus, the killing man have now natural resources. animals, birds and insects use the same wells of such an older cow by poachers means the According to the magazine African Wildlife, and survive. loss of a reference library of food-finding a conservation education campaign started Because elephants are prolific consumers of facts. by the Namibian Wildlife Trust "resulted in vegetation, requiring more than 100 Garth Owen-Smith, of the Namibia Wildlife both the Damara and Herero tribal authori­ kilogrammes a day, some may think they Trust, says of of these desert elephants of ties totally banning hunting in the region". upset the ecology of the region. But notice the Namib: "Remember..., we are not just The Wildlife Trusi also gained support from this observation of a well-known authority, '.diking about any animals. These are desert Himba headmen in Kaokoland. who have ap Dr. Anthony Hall-Martin, in the book elephants . . The combination . is noi pointed their as game guards. Elephants o f Africa: “ Elephants in the lush found anywhere else in the world . . . What This positive support of the traditional lead­ tropics will demolish entire trees for no bet­ a waste, what a loss to science and the world ers has led to the tribal feelings of pride in ter reason than to get a few leaves, but their if they are allowed to pass from the scene” . their natural wildlife. “For the first time in desert counterparts seldom break down or fifteen years” , reports African Wildlife, “the Too good to be true! However, these giants will not easily pass push over trees. If they did, they would soon from the scene of their self-chosen home. Not numbers of elephant and black rhinocerous For further inform ation contact:- QUATTROTECH SYSTEMS have nothing left to eat. only are they supremely adaptable but they in this spectacular and fascinating region are also superbly equiped to survive. (have) increased". One can hope that this in­ Instead, every bit of greenery picked is eat­ MAKONDE INDUSTRIES terest in their wild-animal kingdom will en and we could scarecly find more than a Other Secrets of Survival (Private) (Limited) continue. few leaves trodden underfoot and wasted” P.O. Box 1229, H arare If you were near a herd downwind, of Then, indeed, these wanderers of the water­ In actual fact the desert elephant promotes course — you would be able to observe first less wasteland will long roam the rocky Zimbabwe, Tel 7286S5/7 ranges of their chosen home. With their Telex: 26326 ZW the growth of trees. One of their favourite hand some of their survival secrets. You food is the acacia seedods are eaten. As these would notice that they gather around a shal­ natural instincts and built in survival kits, Fax: 263-4-703115 pass through the digestive system, the hard low depression of fine — grained sand, chip­ these are the true desert survivors of the pods are softened, then excreted and deposit­ ping away the ground with their forefeet, tak Nam ib. 26 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 27 International International International Unemployment rises Japan suspends International intervention intervention in Britain breeder reactors and British unemployment rose to a seasonally adjusted 9.9 percent in August, a five-year and interference in search interference . . . high with 2.8 million people out of work, the project • mrinued from page 2

by external interest groups as future protec- The department of employment also revised TOKYO — (UPl) — |apan has decided to give for South Africa settlement? tots of the assets of these interest groups its figures for July joblessness, saying it was up plans to build fast breeder reactors that have felt the need to posture and thump their 9.8 percent rather than the 9.7 percent offi- would produce plutonium, a material that t the centre of the conflict which is chest to assure their backers that they have ( .als had originally estimated. can be used in both nuclear power plants causing the loss of many lives in the clout to deliver the goods. When Inkatha and nuclear weapons, the Yomiuri Shimbun South Africa/Azania, is the fact that Employment Minister Michael Forsyth said A was able to show itself as a significant polit­ reported recently. he was "very concerned" about unemploye- a powerful European m inority has colonised ical force on a national scale, it simply went ment which had risen for 28 months as Bri­ The Science and Technology Agency and the an African territory and subjugated Black into partnership with the South African police tain limps through its worst recession since Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Develop­ people. This foreign minority, the settler- and special army units in conducting a ser­ ment Organisation made the decision in colonialists, have always acted against those ies of. b lo o d y m assacres in several places to W o rld W a r II. The new to ta l o f 2 807 500 is response to international criticism of Japan's they have conquered with the help of Euro­ which the latter transported the murderers. the highest since June 1987. □ nuclear programme, the Yomiuri said pean powers and for the benefit of Europe­ In this-way Inkatha was able to thrust istelf without mentioning sources. an and North American business. Japanese into the face of every media oulet and is now business interests went into partnership with being touted as “One of the big three" in the President Traore Always insecure about dependence on im­ the settler regime only in the 1950 and 60s. conflict in Azania. trial to resume ported fuels, Tokyo has embarked on a plan So important was the volume of business to build fast breeder reactors, which produce Several of the organisations which have been that provision was made to classify Japanese The Trial of former President of Mali Mous- more plutonium than they consume. That paying these sorts of "insurance” moneys “honorary whites” in South Africa. sa Traore on charges of murder and conspir fuel can then be used to fire other reactors, have done so under the guise of supporting ing to kill will resume on November 26, the creating what experts hope will be a highly The above should make it dear that all along, efforts towards change. Recently South Afri­ significant sections of the international com can papers have been ruhning a story on the Justice Minister has said. efficient fuel cycle. tnunity have played a role in the unfolding undertaking given to a Swedish hydraulic The trial, which opened on |une 12, ad­ conflict in Azania. It was an act of the Brit­ equipment company that it will receive journed after hundreds of youths attacked ish parliament which gave the domination preferential treatment in the purchaser by the court building and vehicles carrying French of Azania by whites some type of constitu­ a future ministry which will hopefully con­ Traoie and his associates. tional legitimacy. Since the oppressed and trol mining after the transition. This was Traore lost power in a coup and mass upris­ colonised were never consulted on this m at­ given when the foundation set up by a major unemployment ing in March last year. <~ ter, they have no obligation to recognise that Institutionalised violence: The tool o f apartheid against the youths o f South Africa party in Sweden was making another legitimacy. Hence, the British South Africa contribution. out in straight language because the insti­ they called “external Intereference” at the Threat of population tops 2.86m Act of Union of 1909 is seen by many Black tutions through which we learn and carry time that Frederick de Klerk launched his In all fairness, parties, government and or­ people as a deal of an international white out politics and diplomacy condition us to g row th agenda of reforms and terrorism in Febru­ ganisations which have played this type of Further signs of the continued weakness of brotherhood at the expense of Black people. leel that we need to prove that we are not ary 1990. By some device this stance of the role can not be seen as impartial. They need the French economy emerged with a rise in The weapons with which the South African racist. The fact is we need to prove nothing. regime was even echoed by a few voices in to be excluded from the now universaly ac­ United Nations — The uncurbed population seasonally adjusted unemployment in Janu- state has kept the Black rebellion in check We have not invaded and subjugated any Africa and within the ranks of the colonised cepted neutral external mediation of negoti growth makes it more and more difficult for iiy to 2.86 million, a 27 200 increase, ac nave been provided by the West. It was only European country in which we are treating in Azania. ations, settlement and constituent assembly poor countries to meet even basic social cording to data from the French iaboui the natives like dirt or vermin. needs, according to UN Secretary General after the massacre of demonstrators against One of the great ironies of this thinking, if election process. The mediators who are m in is try . it could be called that, is that various inter­ Boutros Boutros-Ghali. the pass laws in Sharpeville, Langa and Paarl fhe people who fiamed the first UN positions needed are those whose hands are clean. In national organisations besides the UN have The ministry said that unemployment, affect­ that organisations such as the United Nations on Azania and the rest of Southern Africa they eyes of the BCM, senior statepersons Speaking at a population award ceremony been playing a role in developments in Aza­ ing 9.8 percent of the population is hitting began to limit or restrict the flow of arms were largely whites. African, Asian, Carribe- from the frontline states, the OAU and the here recently, the UN chief said that the nia. One only has to examine the role of the hard young people under the age of 25 and to South Africa. This was never implement­ an and Pacific countries received their in­ Non-Aligned Movement would be ideal brok­ fastest growth in population continues to oc­ European Economic Community, through the the ministry gave warning that the labour ed nor enforced with any sort of vigour. To dependence, and their UN representative sta­ ers for a settlement. They are different from cur in the poorest countries. Since the UN Kagiso Trust Fund, and the Programme to ■ market will remain so for some time. Total a large degree this is due to the fact that in tus in significant numbers only in the 1950s those who will mediate while trying to pro charter was signed in 1945, the world s Combat Racism of the World Council of legistered unemployment reached nearly 3 world dominated in so many ways by the and 1960s. Thus terms such as racial dis­ tect super profits for their investments. population has more than doubled to 5.5 bil­ Churches to see that certain external forces million, a 1.6 percent rise from December, white North, many institutions are much bet crimination and Apartheid became institu­ lion, and is increasing by three people ever have found themselves roles including those The disappointments the BCM has expressed but the ministry said that the unadjusted un­ ter able to tolerate the suffering and brutali­ tionalised as “the language of the UN” . It was second, or about a quarter of a million ever sation of Black people than they would the of King Makers in the Azanian struggle. While about junior OAU officials going to Azania employment total was likely to fall in the only much later that the deeds of the regime day. the, above organisations poured millions of and being swamped by hospitality and fri­ suffering or the death of whites. This is why in Pretoria were designated “ a crime against next few months. He warned that almost one billion people will it was possible for the UN forces to intervene dollars into the country to give one compo­ volity, does not mean we have given up on humanity". This status did not alter the fact The weak unemployment data are the latest nent of the liberation movement the our allies from our continent, and others who be added over the decade of 1990s. The in the crisis of the early 60s in Zaire over the that when the chips were down at the UN ■, idence of a sharper than expected slow­ population award of 1992 was given to |RD killing of only 16 whites. resources to project itself as a future govern­ have had similar experiences of colonisation the friends and allies of regime which had down in the French economy. The French ment if not the outright one party future as we are undergoing. Indeed we urge the Tata of India and to the population Council, If any government anywhere in the world a veto in the Security Council, these being statistics office recently said that the econo­ government several fascist and rightist or­ Front Line States, and bodies such as N.A.M. a New York based research organisation. The had inflicted a massacre of school children the US, Britain and France, always used it my stagnated in the fourth quarter of last ganisations in places such as Germany start­ to heighten their profile in the Azanian situ­ award is granted annually by the Commit- on the scale seen during the 1976 June 16 to protect the regime, and the business in­ year, and that annual growth in 1991 was ed putting similar amounts of cash plus per­ ation. Never again must Africa and the rest ice of the UN population award to individu uprisings lead by the BCM, it would not have terests of their bosses in the West. one percent, compared with the govern­ sonnel and lobbying networks at the disposal of the former colonised world be margina­ als and institutions which have made out got away with verbal resolutions and ad­ ment’s 1.4 percent growth forecast last Sep­ This is the context in which the pronounce­ of Inkatha, which has since been labelled lised while imperialism expropriates for itself standing contributions to increasing aware­ ministrative measures had those children tember. The slowdown is partly related to ments of those who were declaring South “Freedom Party" both our resources and the role of power ness of population problems and theii solu been white. Africans rarely spell these issues eakerTrench experts to Germany. Africa’s sovereignty as a factor against what Each of these parties which are supported broker. tions. 28 29 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 President Mugabe and your party, there is will ensue in the event of this alliance win­ tion and decision not to ally himself with a no substitute for you at the moment so con­ Talking Point ning power. The alliance was formed to take leader who is rusty and who has rusty ideas. tinue with the magnificent work. We will give ,, conclusion the Smith-Sithoie alliance is advantage of the drought and the early nega­ iu a very fresh mandate in 1995. The all' doomed to failures, it was a collection of po t e el Sects of ESAP. Reverend, there is n o th ­ ance is another |oke of the year. □ litical fossils and inevitably the party is ing lor you in Zimbabwe try heaven. Smith, decayed. It is a party formed by politicians we had enough of you. that was then and The harsh realities of politics who have a Burning zeal for power struggle this is now

he alliance of minority parties Smith message to them is we have been which aim at ousting the ruling hardened by suffering and will never Smith is a political liability to the majori­ T ZANU PF from pow er is from the make way for Smith’s people. Whemour ty of this country and thus to try and onset zooming into doom and is des­ leaders were arrested and when our sis credit him would be a task to difficult tined for the dustbin of History. The po­ ters and brothers were mass murdered tor Sithole and others who themselves litical parties and personalities involved by Smith we never gave up the strug­ are not perfect to accomplish. are politically bankrupt. gle. Whatever suffering may be inflict­ The memories of Nyadzonya and Chim- ed upon us we will remain loyal to the Politics is a very expensive game which bi still linger fresh in our minds and people’s government. We wish our lead­ requires huge financial outlay, a well ■ruth should not be fooled by those ers the best of luck as they try to cor­ oiled thinking engine, experience and who say he was better to bounce back 'd the imbalances the party has to appeal to the nation as mto politics and think that one day a whole and not just one tribe or race. directly or indirectly he will again be in These ingredient of a political party lack Sithole ! he driving seat. Hatikanganwe chazuro tie- in the parties that have united. hope and hatidye marutsi. ! li ning to Sithoie who would like to be led To justify the expensive part of politics by a coward who runs away in times of trou Smith himself has not even withdrawn lets look at this point. The majority oi bie and come back when things have worked his statement that as long as he is alive the electorate does not have access to on their own Its no use to try and win credi­ he would never want to see Africans rule the print or lectronic media and what bility by cheap politicking. No leader worth Zimbabwe and of cause he still thinks these minority parties could have done his salt and with all the leadership qualities that if he uses a few known politicians was to first of all embark on a public re­ would have denounced the liberation strug­ he will come back into office. He bought lations exercise in those areas where the gle when he did so. a lot of modern weapons of destruction majority of the electorate lives. These when he was in power to use against thole made a collection of other political people could have been given party T the same people he claims he wants to cowards and emphasised tribalism and shirts after thorough political conscien save now. When was he born again9 regionalism to form his own party The name lisation and they could have been given of the party itself Ndonga has volumes to The atrocities and brutalities he commit leaflets .as well. This is w h a t ZANU did tell about tribalism. His political record has ted agains Africans and the failure to in 1980, it w orked. never been popular with many Zimbabwe­ retaliate at the attainment of indepen­ But how much do these T-shirts cost? ans, he lost the internal settlement election. dence should spare the tyrant a shame According to one company it costs $2 In 1980 he exiled him self after losing th e elec- and make an exit on the political arena to get a logo on a party T-shirt and the i ions. In exile he worked against the govern­ as we will never allow a situation where T-shirt itself costs a maximum of $10. ment to the maximum people who were once our oppressors in a country with an electorate of want to be our leaders tommorrow. After failing to win support he allied with around four million it means out of the Matakadya kare haanyaradze mwana. Renamo. Shame on you sekuru. H a ving six parties that we have, a party has to failed in all his attempts he came back to win at least one million votes assuming take advantage of ESAP. Sithole was misled all other parties win an equal number The economic woes we find ourselves by the people’s problems therefore overes­ of the remaining votes. It has to have dumped in today partly stems from timated his supporters. He thought his return about a quarter million T-shirts so that Smith’s racist economic policies which was going to trigger an anti-government feel party members have something to iden saw a lot of wealth being placed in the mg. His call for an early general election is tify with. This will in all cost million hands of a few individuals of an obvi an example of his intentions. Sithole thought dollars. ous race and up to now these individu­ als hold the ecoomic keys of the that the people would be fooled by his be­ Leaflets printed in vernecular languages country. ing from America and think he is a Messiah. would also help the minority parties but this will also cost more than a million They have vast tracts of land, for specu­ By the way Neil Kinnock resigned after his dollars. It might turn to be like an eco­ lation purposes whilst the majority are i abour party had lost for more than three nomics or mathematical discussion if ! crammed in smalll and holdings. I have times. Why does Sithole not consider resign am to discuss more expenses such as mentioned land because it is the main ing from politics since he is a fantic admirer the whole mantainance and money to economic base of the country. When the of Westernism. pay the persosonnel, but leaving this people's government tries to correct the point would also leave our politically historical imbalance those who were ad­ The $600 per month and 100 acres promise malcontent opposition leaders in the vantaged by the racist economic policies saved to prove that when the man left exile dark modern politics. Copy ideas from would always cry foul and use their eco­ he was in such a hurry that he forgot the ZANU PF and you will progress. ZANU nomic influence to subdue whatever little brains he had when he went there. The PF has its splendid women's league uni changes the government would want to man has developed a strange knack of mak­ (orm, youth Brigade uniforms and T- effect, for example, the artificial short­ ing wrong decisions. He is a political Shirts. It also has its papers. Does any age of basic commodities. barometre for making wrong decisions. He of the opposition parties have such a The aim would be for us to blame the is actually smelling death and not power like fatt account? Government and vote for them. The he claims. Turbo made the correct descrip­ 31 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 30 ZIMBABWE NEWS SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, 1992 Heroes of Zimbabwe Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe Deep in our hearts wring tears, Tough African efforts in order to meet Tears of love for the fallen heroes j the challenge. For the fallen heroes, signs of fire we blow. conditions need tough Who does not have tears for the fallen heroes? products. Dunlop tyres With new technology Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe. have stood the test of Oh sweetly, oh soundly and well may you sleep and the benefits of time in Zimbabwe and For you we will mourn, till we too go as you have gone; international research Gone along the shadowy path, to the dark world unknown. throughout Africa. Who does not die with the heroes? and development, Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe. With the growth Dunlop is unswervingly Oh lovely heroes, oh charming heroes; committed to the manu - Your fame will last while the world goes round. and expansion of Your worth and honour, the nation approves. Zimbabwe, Dunlop is facture of safer, better Who does not approve the contribution of the heroes? driven to even greater products for Zimbabwe. Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe. Oh heroes, it awakens our marrow to think of you Broken are our hearts because of our great love to you. Base of our “Great Revolution” you are Who does not have a broken heart for the heroes?

Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe For your commitment, sacrifice and patriotism, we thank you For your total elimination of colonialism;- Racialism, tribalism, ethnicism and nepotism, we thank you Who does not thank the great heroes?

Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe Heroes of Zimbabwe, heroes of Zimbabwe. You are a symbol of unity, determination and liberation; A symbol of dedication, altruism and fellow-feeling. Youths emulate your strength, courage, values, ideals and action. Who does not imitate the brave heroes?

By John Masvayamwando Sihanda Tongwe Government Rural School, P. B. 5722, Beitbridge African heroes 1 wonder what is happening now and what happened before Grandma used to tell me about Chaka, Chaminuka, Kaguvi, mbuya Nehanda and many more because What about them? I wondered what this had to do with my life And my history as an African,

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, I thought, grandma said he was Black But, what was it all about to know of him 1 thought David Livingstone and all the imperialists Were the best in making me what I am Not at all!

Right now with a perfect conscious and mind I recall, 1 was lost 1 cannot let my heroes go to tne dogs They were right, being a Black is not a crime It’s just skin colour He who has eyes let him look into a Blackman’s history And culture which is slowly dying,

Now I give praise to all African Heroes Who fought tirelessly to give ^ Blackman identity and his rights Martin Luther King, Garvey, Nehanda, Nkruma

And all unsung heroes GREAVES, KEEGANS 675 Thanks for uniting to save humanity and the Black skin. By Simba Deve, Sutton Mine, Mutorashanga

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