Marcelo Dias Catarino Florotaninos Da Alga Fucus Vesiculosus: Extração, Caracterização Estrutural E Efeitos Ao Longo Do Trato Gastrointestinal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Marcelo Dias Catarino Florotaninos Da Alga Fucus Vesiculosus: Extração, Caracterização Estrutural E Efeitos Ao Longo Do Trato Gastrointestinal Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Química 2021 Marcelo Dias Catarino Florotaninos da alga Fucus vesiculosus: Extração, caracterização estrutural e efeitos ao longo do trato gastrointestinal Fucus vesiculosus phlorotannins: Extraction, structural characterization and effects throughout the gastrointestinal tract Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Química Ano 2021 Marcelo Dias Catarino Florotaninos da alga Fucus Vesiculosus: Extração, caracterização estrutural e efeitos ao longo do trato gastrointestinal Fucus vesiculosus phlorotannins: Extraction, structural characterization and effects throughout the gastrointestinal tract Tese apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Química Sustentável, realizada sob a orientação científica da Doutora Susana Maria Almeida Cardoso, Investigadora Doutorada do Departamento de Química da Universidade de Aveiro, Professor Doutor Artur Manuel Soares da Silva, Professor Catedrático do Departamento de Química da Universidade de Aveiro e do Professor Doutor Nuno Filipe da Cruz Baptista Mateus, Professor Associado do Departamento de Química e Bioquímica da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Estudo efetuado com apoio financeiro do projeto PTDC/BAA-AGR/31015/2017, suportado pelos orçamentos do Programa Operacional de Competitividade e Internacionalização— POCI, na sua componente FEDER, e da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, na sua componente de Orçamento de Estado. A Universidade de Aveiro e a Fundação para a Ciência e para a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (FCT/MCTES) financiaram o Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV) da Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE) (UIDB/50006/2020), através de fundos nacionais e, quando aplicável, co-financiado pela FEDER, no âmbito do Portugal 2020. A FCT financiou a bolsa de PhD de Marcelo D. Catarino (PD/BD/114577/2016). Dedico este trabalho à minha família e amigos, pela presença constante. “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” Albert Einstein o júri presidente Prof. Doutor João Carlos de Oliveira Matias Professor Catedrático da Universidade de Aveiro vogais Doutor Victor Armando Pereira Freitas Professor Catedrático da Universidade do Porto Maria Manuela Estevez Pintado Professora Associada da Universidade Católica Portuguesa do Porto Maria Teresa Cruz Rosete Professora Auxiliar da Universidade de Coimbra Diana Cláudia Gouveia Alves Pinto Professora Auxiliar da Universidade de Aveiro Doutora Susana Maria de Almeida Cardoso (Orientadora) Investigadora Doutorada (nível 3) da Universidade de Aveiro agradecimentos Tendo chegado ao final deste longo e intrincado percurso, não posso deixar de dar uma palavra de agradecimento às pessoas que dele fizeram parte. Em primeiro lugar à Doutora Susana Cardoso, orientadora deste trabalho, pela confiança, motivação, apoio e ensinamentos transmitidos. Ao Professor Doutor Artur Silva e Professor Doutor Nuno Mateus, pela disponibilidade e apoio à realização deste trabalho. Agradeço à antiga Unidade de Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agro- Alimentares (QOPNA) e ao recente Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde da Rede de Química e Tecnologia (LAQV-REQUIMTE) do Departamento de Química da Universidade de Aveiro, por ter disponibilizado todas as condições possíveis para a realização deste trabalho. Agradeço à Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento através de uma bolsa de doutoramento (PD/BD/114577/2016). Aos meus colegas da FCUP, Iva Fernandes e Hélder Oliveira, pela ajuda preciosa que foram na realização de algumas tarefas. À Professora Doutora Manuela Pintado e restantes membros da equipa, Teresa Bonifácio, Débora Campos e Manuela Machado, pelo acompanhamento e ensinamentos, e por me acolherem na ESB e disponibilizar condições. Também à Professora Doutora Maria Teresa Cruz e restantes membros da equipa, Ana Silva, Cátia Sousa, Myléne Carrascal, Isabel Ferreira, por me terem acolhido no CNC, disponibilizando também condições e tempo para me acompanhar e transmitir ensinamentos. Ao Daniel Ferreira e Adriana Tavares, pela amizade e momentos de boa disposição. Aos atuais e ex-colegas do meu grupo e grupos vizinhos Ana Rita Circuncisão, Andreia Silva, Cátia Oliveira, Élia Maricato, Letícia Costa, Mariana Mesquita, Mariana Vallejo, Pedro Fernandes, Ricardo Ferreira, Rita Bastos, Sofia Queirós, Sónia Ferreira e Soraia Silva pelo convívio e camaradagem. Um especial agradecimento à Catarina Marçal, pelo apoio e colaboração. Aos meus bons amigos Daniel Oliveira, Diogo Carreiras, Gilberto Alkimin, Joana Martins, Luis Santos, Maria Gonçalves, Mariana Pires, Sónia Russo, Patrícia Vasconcelos, Renata Vicente, Sara Vallejo, Telmo Alves e Thomas Martins pelos momentos de convívio e boa disposição, força e motivação. Ao Rui Soares pelo ânimo que me tem dado nesta etapa final. À minha família, por serem a minha pedra basilar. Obrigado a todos! palavras-chave Fucus vesiculosus, florotaninos, extração, propriedades bioativas, antioxidante, anti-inflamatório, antitumoral, prébiotico. resumo Desde a antiguidade que as macroalgas marinhas têm sido tradicionalmente usadas pelos povos de extremo oriente, quer para consumo direto, como fonte de nutrientes, como para fins medicinais. Nos últimos anos estes organismos marinhos têm vindo a ganhar uma crescente popularidade entre as populações ocidentais que começam a estar cada vez mais conscientes do potencial que estas possuem como uma possível fonte de compostos bioativos de grande interesse. De entre os seus compostos destacam-se os florotaninos, um grupo de compostos fenólicos derivados do floroglucinol, reivindicados pelos seus benefícios para a saúde, e cuja ocorrência é exclusiva das macroalgas castanhas. Apesar de várias propriedades bioativas terem já sido demonstradas para estes compostos, existe ainda um longo percurso a percorrer até à compreensão dos mecanismos por detrás destas, sendo isto particularmente verdade no que diz respeito às propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antitumorais dos florotaninos provenientes da macroalga Fucus vesiculosus. Além disso, pouco se sabe acerca do destino destes compostos durante a sua passagem pelo trato gastrointestinal. Neste contexto, neste trabalho pretendeu-se otimizar a extração de florotaninos a partir desta macroalga e elucidar a composição destes extratos através da técnica de UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, bem como clarificar as potencialidades bioativas de extrato bruto ou frações do ponto de vista de atuação ao longo to trato gastrointestinal, nomeadamente os efeitos antioxidante, anti-inflamatório, antitumoral e prébiotico. Recorrendo à técnica de superfície-resposta, as condições determinadas para o máximo de recuperação de florotaninos da alga F. vesiculosus foram: acetona a 67% (v/v) numa proporção de 70 mL/g de farinha de alga a 25 ºC. Após um passo de purificação intermédio, a fração rica em florotaninos (EtOAc) revelou um complexo perfil cromatográfico composto por vários fucóis, fucofloretóis, fualóis e outros derivados de florotaninos. Foram ainda detetados três potenciais novos derivados de florotaninos, nomeadamente o fucofurodifloretol, fucofurotrifloretol e o fucofuropentafloretol. Tanto o extrato bruto como a EtOAc revelaram boa atividade antioxidante, em particular contra o radical de óxido nítrico, um importante interveniente na cascata sinalizadora da inflamação. De facto, uma atividade anti-inflamatória pronunciada foi confirmada em células RAW 264.7 estimuladas com lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). A partir da EtOAc foram ainda obtidas 9 sub-frações de florotaninos com diferentes pesos moleculares que, após testadas na mesma linha celular, revelaram algumas diferenças ao nível da atividade anti- inflamatória que possivelmente estarão relacionados com a sua complexidade e peso molecular. Um efeito anti-inflamatório bastante marcado foi ainda observado para uma sub-fração em particular, a F2, caracterizada pela presença de um composto derivado de florotaninos com peso molecular de 508 g/mol. Esta fração, a 200 µg/mL, foi capaz de inibir a fosforilação e degradação da proteína IκBα, consequentemente bloqueando a cascata sinalizadora da inflamação ao nível transcricional. A fração EtOAc bem como algumas das posteriores sub-frações, nomeadamente F1 e F5, demostraram ainda propriedades antitumorias promissoras, provocando um efeito citotóxico seletivo apenas contra células tumorais de cancro gástrico (MKN-28) e cancro do colon (Caco-2 e HT-29), não afetando células normais. Das três amostras, a F5, caracterizada pela presença de fucóis, fucofloretóis, um fucofurodifloretol e eckstolonol, foi a que revelou o efeito mais acentuado em todas as linhas celulares tumorais, demonstrando valores de IC50 de 56.3 ± 14.7, 97.4 ± 11.6 e 118.8 ± 19.7 µg/mL para MKN-28, Caco-2 e HT-29, respetivamente. Curiosamente, enquanto a EtOAc exerceu este efeito através do bloqueio do ciclo celular e ativação de mecanismos de morte celular, a sub-fração F1 apenas promoveu o bloqueio do ciclo celular enquanto a sub-fração F5 apenas ativou a morte celular via ativação de mecanismos de apoptose/necrose. Por fim, verificou-se uma boa capacidade inibidora das enzimas digestivas por parte destes compostos, em particular da enzima α-glucosidase cujo IC50 foi 45 a 250 vezes inferior ao da acarbose, revelando potencial terapêutico contra a diabetes do tipo-II. No entanto, à semelhança dos polifenóis das plantas, os florotaninos revelaram-se suscetíveis a degradação e perda de atividade antioxidante
Recommended publications
  • Nutritional Value of Seaweeds and Their Potential Pharmacological Role of Polyphenolics Substances: a Review
    © 2018 JETIR August 2018, Volume 5, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SEAWEEDS AND THEIR POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL ROLE OF POLYPHENOLICS SUBSTANCES: A REVIEW Arumugam Abirami, Selvaraj Uthra and Muthuvel Arumugam* Faculty of Marine Sciences, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT : seaweed shows extensive species diversity with inevitable ecological importance on marine biodiversity. It creates a unique marine ecosystem that acts as a shelter or nursery ground for marine organisms. Moreover, seaweeds are considered as vital sea food due to their richness of various food ingredients such as polysaccharides, dietary fiber, amino acids, minerals and vitamins, etc. They are available in different colors due to the presence of distinct pigments such as chlorophyll, fucoxanthin and phycoerythrin. In traditional Indian medical system, the dried or processed seaweeds are consumed as promising natural medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Seaweed contains various polyphenolic substances such as phlorotannins, phloroglucinol, eckol, dieckol, fucodiphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol, which play a major role in human health. The preclinical studies proved that these compounds possess antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant activities and also reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present review deals with the nutritional value of seaweed and the importance of polyphenolic substances. Key words: Seaweeds, phytochemistry, functional foods, polyphenolics, health benefits. INTRODUCTION As there is an increasing demand for search of therapeutic drugs from natural products, there is now a superior concern in marine organisms, especially seaweeds. It serves as a primary producer in water ecosystem and has both ecological and economic value.
    [Show full text]
  • Sunscreen, Antioxidant, and Bactericide Capacities of Phlorotannins from the Brown Macroalga Halidrys Siliquosa
    1 Journal Of Applied Phycology Achimer December 2016, Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 3547-3559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0853-0 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00366/47682/ © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Sunscreen, antioxidant, and bactericide capacities of phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Halidrys siliquosa Le Lann Klervi 1, *, Surget Gwladys 1, Couteau Celine 2, Coiffard Laurence 2, Cerantola Stephane 3, Gaillard Fanny 4, Larnicol Maud 5, Zubia Mayalen 6, Guerard Fabienne 1, Poupart Nathalie 1, Stiger-Pouvreau Valerie 1 1 UBO, European Inst Marine Studies IUEM, LEMAR UMR UBO CNRS Ifremer IRD 6539, Technopole Brest Iroise, F-29280 Plouzane, France. 2 Nantes Atlant Univ, Univ Nantes, Fac Pharm, LPiC,MMS,EA2160, 9 Rue Bias,BP 53508, F-44000 Nantes, France. 3 UBO, RMN RPE MS, 6 Ave,Victor Le Gorgeu CS93837, F-29238 Brest 3, France. 4 CNRS, Plateforme Spectrometrie Masse MetaboMER, FR2424, Stn Biol, Pl Georges Teissier,BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff, France. 5 Venelle Carros, Labs Sci & Mer, CS 70002, F-29480 Le Relecq Kerhuon, France. 6 Univ Polynesie Francaise, EIO UMR 244, LabEx CORAIL, BP 6570, Faaa 98702, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. * Corresponding author : Klervi Le Lann, email address : [email protected] Abstract : The present study focused on a brown macroalga (Halidrys siliquosa), with a particular emphasis on polyphenols and their associated biological activities. Two fractions were obtained by liquid/liquid purification from a crude hydroethanolic extract: (i) an ethyl acetate fraction and (ii) an aqueous fraction. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of extract and both fractions were assessed by in vitro tests (Folin–Ciocalteu test, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, superoxide anion scavenging assay, and β-carotene–linoleic acid system).
    [Show full text]
  • (Ascophyllum Nodosum, Fucus Vesiculosus and Bifurcaria Bifurcata) and Micro-Algae (Chlorella Vulgaris and Spirulina Platensis) Assisted by Ultrasounds
    International Doctoral School Rubén Agregán Pérez DOCTORAL DISSERTATION “Seaweed extract effect on the quality of meat products” Supervised by the PhD: José Manuel Lorenzo Rodríguez, Daniel José Franco Ruiz and Francisco Javier Carballo García Year: 2019 “International mention” International Doctoral School JOSÉ MANUEL LORENZO RODRÍGUEZ, Researcher and Head of the Area of Chromatography, DANIEL JOSÉ FRANCO RUIZ, Researcher, both from The Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne, and FRANCISCO JAVIER CARBALLO GARCÍA, Professor of the Area of Food Technology of the University of Vigo, DECLARES that the present work, entitled “Seaweed extract effect on the quality of meat products”, submitted by Mr RUBÉN AGREGÁN PÉREZ, to obtain the title of Doctor, was carried out under their supervision in the PhD programme “Ciencia y Tecnología Agroalimentaria” and he accomplishes the requirements to be Doctor by the University of Vigo. Ourense, 25 February 2019 The supervisors José Manuel Lorenzo Rodríguez, PhD Daniel José Franco Ruiz, PhD Francisco Javier Carballo García, PhD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my directors, José Manuel Lorenzo Rodríguez, PhD, Daniel José Franco Ruiz, PhD and Francisco Javier Carballo García, PhD for all the knowledge provided to me and for all the advice I received, specially to José Manuel Lorenzo for guiding me during this stage of my professional career. I also want to express my gratitude to the Centro Tecnolóxico da Carne and its manager, Mr Miguel Fernández Rodríguez, for having allowed me to do my Doctoral Thesis in its facilities, and to INIA for granting me a predoctoral scholarship for that purpose. Second, I would like to thank all my laboratory colleagues for all the assistance I received and their companionship during this time, especially my laboratory supervisor, Laura Purriños Pérez, PhD, for providing me with all the required materials and equipment needed.
    [Show full text]
  • TESIS: EVALUACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL DE Sargassum Lapazeanum Setchell & N.L
    UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR ÁREA DE CONOCIMIENTOS DE CIENCIAS DEL MAR DEPARTAMENTO ACADÉMICO DE BIOLOGÍA MARINA TESIS: EVALUACIÓN DEL POTENCIAL DE Sargassum lapazeanum Setchell & N.L. Gardner (Ochrophyta: Fucales, Phaeophyceae) COMO FUENTE DE COMPUESTOS ANTIBACTERIANOS, ANTIOXIDANTES Y ANTICOAGULANTES. QUE PARA OBTENER EL TITULO DE: BIÓLOGA MARINA PRESENTA: VALERIA ALEXANDRA VILLEGAS SILVA DIRECTOR: DR. MAURICIO MUÑOZ OCHOA LA PAZ, B.C.S., MÉXICO. JUNIO DE 2014 Agradecimientos Este proyecto se realizó en las instalaciones del Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, bajo la dirección del Dr. Mauricio Muñoz Ochoa, financiado por el proyecto "Sargassum lapazeanum como fuente de compuestos bioactivos” IPN-SIP20131037”. Al Dr. Mauricio Muñoz Ochoa por su incondicional apoyo y paciencia, así como por su orientación y guía en laboratorio durante las pruebas realizadas incluso en momentos de desesperación académica. Gracias por enseñarme las bases de la química de productos naturales, motivándome siempre a seguir adelante. A la Dra. Gabriela Andrade Sorcia, por la agradable lección de botánica y la identificación taxonómica del alga. A mi comité de tesis Dr. Rafael Riosmena Rodríguez, Dr. Juan Manuel López Vivas, Dra. Gabriela Andrade Sorcia y Dr. Jesús Iván Murillo Álvarez por sus acertados comentarios y observaciones, así como el tiempo y dedicación a la hora de aclarar dudas. A las M. en C. Yoloxochitl Elizabeth Rodríguez Montesinos y Dora Luz Arvizu Higuera por el apoyo, la confianza y las facilidades que me permitieron disponer del laboratorio hasta altas horas de la noche. Asimismo agradezco a mis compañeros de laboratorio de química de algas por hacer del tiempo trabajando algo más ameno.
    [Show full text]
  • Extraction Assistée Par Enzyme De Phlorotannins Provenant D'algues
    Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques Maya Puspita To cite this version: Maya Puspita. Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques. Biotechnologie. Université de Bretagne Sud; Universitas Diponegoro (Semarang), 2017. Français. NNT : 2017LORIS440. tel-01630154v2 HAL Id: tel-01630154 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01630154v2 Submitted on 9 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Enzyme-assisted extraction of phlorotannins from Sargassum and biological activities by: Maya Puspita 26010112510005 Doctoral Program of Coastal Resources Managment Diponegoro University Semarang 2017 Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques Maria Puspita 2017 Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques par: Maya Puspita Ecole Doctorale
    [Show full text]
  • An Emerging Trend in Functional Foods for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Marine Algal Polyphenols
    Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 1040-8398 (Print) 1549-7852 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/bfsn20 An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols Margaret Murray , Aimee L. Dordevic , Lisa Ryan & Maxine P. Bonham To cite this article: Margaret Murray , Aimee L. Dordevic , Lisa Ryan & Maxine P. Bonham (2016): An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 Accepted author version posted online: 11 Nov 2016. Published online: 11 Nov 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 322 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=bfsn20 Download by: [130.194.127.231] Date: 09 July 2017, At: 16:18 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1259209 An emerging trend in functional foods for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: Marine algal polyphenols Margaret Murray a, Aimee L. Dordevic b, Lisa Ryan b, and Maxine P. Bonham a aDepartment of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; bDepartment of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Marine macroalgae are gaining recognition among the scientific community as a significant source of Anti-inflammatory; functional food ingredients.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactive Compounds from Macroalgae in the New Millennium: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases
    Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 4934-4972; doi:10.3390/md12094934 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review Bioactive Compounds from Macroalgae in the New Millennium: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases Mariana Barbosa, Patrícia Valentão and Paula B. Andrade * REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (P.V.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-220428654; Fax: +351-226093390. Received: 18 June 2014; in revised form: 5 September 2014 / Accepted: 15 September 2014 / Published: 25 September 2014 Abstract: Marine environment has proven to be a rich source of structurally diverse and complex compounds exhibiting numerous interesting biological effects. Macroalgae are currently being explored as novel and sustainable sources of bioactive compounds for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Given the increasing prevalence of different forms of dementia, researchers have been focusing their attention on the discovery and development of new compounds from macroalgae for potential application in neuroprotection. Neuroprotection involves multiple and complex mechanisms, which are deeply related. Therefore, compounds exerting neuroprotective effects through different pathways could present viable approaches in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. In fact, several studies had already provided promising insights into the neuroprotective effects of a series of compounds isolated from different macroalgae species. This review will focus on compounds from macroalgae that exhibit neuroprotective effects and their potential application to treat and/or prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Ecklonia Cava Extract on Neuronal Damage and Apoptosis in PC-12 Cells Against Oxidative Stress
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2021. 31(4): 584–591 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2012.12013 Review Effects of Ecklonia cava Extract on Neuronal Damage and Apoptosis in PC-12 Cells against Oxidative Stress Yong Sub Shin1, Kwan Joong Kim1, Hyein Park2, Mi-Gi Lee3, Sueungmok Cho4, Soo-Im Choi5, Ho Jin Heo6, Dae-Ok Kim1,7*, and Gun-Hee Kim5* 1Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea 2Department of Applied Biotechnology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea 3Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea 5Department of Foods and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea 6Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea 7Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea Marine algae (seaweed) encompass numerous groups of multicellular organisms with various shapes, sizes, and colors, and serve as important sources of natural bioactive substances. The brown alga Ecklonia cava Kjellman, an edible seaweed, contains many bioactives such as phlorotannins and fucoidans. Here, we evaluated the antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of E. cava extract (ECE), E. cava phlorotannin-rich extract (ECPE), and the phlorotannin dieckol on neuronal PC-12 cells. The antioxidant capacities of ECPE and ECE were 1,711.5 and 1,050.4 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the ABTS assay and 704.0 and 474.6 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the DPPH assay, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • FAU Institutional Repository
    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: © 1992 California Sea Grant College Program, University of California. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available and may be cited as: Kilar, J. A., Hanisak, M. D., & Yoshida, T. (1992). On the expression of phenotypic variability: why is Sargassum so taxonomically difficult? In I. A. Abbott (Ed.), Taxonomy of economic seaweeds: with reference to some Pacific and Western Atlantic species. Volume III (pp. 95-117). La Jolla, CA: California Sea Grant College. TAXONOMY OF ECONOMIC SEAWEEDS With reference to some Pacific and Western Atlantic species Volume Ill Isabella A. Abbott, Editor Results of an international workshop sponsored by the California Sea Grant .. College in cooperation with the Pacific Sea Grant College Programs of . •.: Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington and hosted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), August 1989. ',I .· •· . • A .. .. .... '\.• A Publication of the California Sea Grant College Report No. T-CSGCP-023 ON THE EXPRESSION OF PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY: WHY IS SARGASSUM SO TAXONOMICALLY DIFFICULT? John A. Kilar, M. Dennis Hanisak, and Tadao Yoshida Abstract Anatomical and physiological variation is inherent in all living organisms, originating at both the genotypic and the phenotypic levels. In the morphologically complex phaeophyte Sargassum, characters exhibit variability on several scales: (1) temporal, (2) intraindividual, (3) interindividual, (4) environmental, and (5) interlocality (geographical). Taxonomic inconsistencies result from haphazard measurements of variation and from species descriptions that describe only part of the plant's anatomical range.
    [Show full text]
  • Prolonged Exposure of Marine Algal Phlorotannins with Whitening Effect
    General Internal Medicine and Clinical Innovations Research Article ISSN: 2397-5237 Prolonged exposure of marine algal phlorotannins with whitening effect did not cause inflammatory hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larva Seon-Heui Cha1, Eun-Ah Kim2, Kil-Nam Kim3, Soo-Jin Heo2, Hee-Sook Jun4-6* and You-Jin Jeon7* 1Department of Marine Bio and Medical Science, Hanseo Universirty, Republic of Korea 2Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Republic of Korea 3Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Republic of Korea 4College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Republic of Korea 5Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Republic of Korea 6Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical center, Republic of Korea 7School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea Abstract The demand for novel melanin synthesis inhibitors is increasing due to the weak effectiveness and unwanted side effects. Thus, marine algae have been studied as sources of inhibitors of melanin synthesis, but it is still unclear whether they will be effective in in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether marine algal phlorotannins including phloroglucinol (PG), ekcol (EK), and dieckol (DK) from Ecklonia cava inhibit melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos. PG, EK, and DK treatment were found to inhibit melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos as similar to arbutin, used as a positive control. Interestingly, PG, EK, and DK treatment showed no toxicity, whereas arbutin treatment showed toxicity for long-term exposure. As well, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were increased in arbutin treatment, whereas, the mRNA expression were not altered in PG, EK, and DK treatment by long-tern exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant Contents of Fucus Vesiculosus L., in Response to Environmental Parameters
    MADALENA CARIA MENDES Antioxidant Contents of Fucus vesiculosus L., in Response to Environmental Parameters UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia 2017 MADALENA CARIA MENDES Antioxidant Contents of Fucus vesiculosus L., in Response to Environmental Parameters Mestrado em Aquacultura e Pescas Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação de: Susan L. Holdt1 Ester A. Serrão2 1 DTU Fødevareinstituttet, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark. 2 Universidade do Algarve, CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, P-8005-139 Faro, Portugal. UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia 2017 Declaração de Autoria Declaro ser a autora deste trabalho, que é original e inédito. Autores e trabalhos consultados estão devidamente citados no texto e constam da listagem de referências incluída. i Copyright Madalena Caria Mendes A Universidade do Algarve reserva para si o direito, em conformidade com o disposto no Código do Direito de Autor e dos Direitos Conexos, de arquivar, reproduzir e publicar a obra, independentemente do meio utilizado, bem como de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição para fins meramente educacionais ou de investigação e não comerciais, conquanto seja dado o devido crédito ao autor e editor respetivos. ii Acknowledgements This thesis entitled Antioxidant contents of Fucus vesiculosus L., in response to environmental parameters was conducted at the Research Group for Bioactives, analysis and applications, at the National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, under the Erasmus + traineeship program. I would like to thank my dear supervisors, for their great supervision, guidance and seaweed knowledge, Professors Susan L. Holdt and Ester A.
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Algae Phlorotannins: a Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network
    foods Review Brown Algae Phlorotannins: A Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network Marcelo D. Catarino 1 ,Sónia J. Amarante 1 , Nuno Mateus 2 , Artur M. S. Silva 1 and Susana M. Cardoso 1,* 1 LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; [email protected] (M.D.C.); [email protected] (S.J.A.); [email protected] (A.M.S.S.) 2 REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084 Abstract: According to the WHO, cancer was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, making it the second global leading cause of death. The main risk factors that lead to the development of this disease include poor behavioral and dietary habits, such as tobacco use, alcohol use and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, or physical inactivity. In turn, it is well known that polyphenols are deeply implicated with the lower rates of cancer in populations that consume high levels of plant derived foods. In this field, phlorotannins have been under the spotlight in recent years since they have shown exceptional bioactive properties, with great interest for application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among their multiple bioactive properties, phlorotannins have revealed the capacity to interfere with several biochemical mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis, which are central aspects in the pathogenesis of cancer. This versatility and ability to act either directly or indirectly at different stages and mechanisms of cancer growth make these Citation: Catarino, M.D.; Amarante, compounds highly appealing for the development of new therapeutical strategies to address this S.J.; Mateus, N.; Silva, A.M.S.; Cardoso, world scourge.
    [Show full text]