Clinical Psychopharmacology Prakash B

Clinical Psychopharmacology Prakash B. Behere • Anweshak Das Aniruddh P. Behere Clinical Psychopharmacology An Update Prakash B. Behere Anweshak Das Department of Psychiatry Consultant Psychiatrist D Y Patil Medical College & D. Y. Patil Psychiatric Clinic Education Society (Deemed University) Guwahati Kolhapur Assam Maharashtra India India Aniruddh P. Behere Pediatric Behavior Health Helen Devos Childrens’s Hospital Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Grand Rapids, Michigan USA ISBN 978-981-13-2091-0 ISBN 978-981-13-2092-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2092-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018957629 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Dedicated to My Wife Mrs. Manikyamba Prakash Behere This book is the outcome of her inspiration. —Prakash B. Behere Foreword It is a pleasure to write the foreword for Dr. Prakash Behere’s latest book entitled Clinical Psychopharmacology: An Update. Dr. Behere was my postgraduate stu- dent at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, during my early days as a postgraduate teacher. We have had interaction several times since. I regard him as a very talented individual whose work in the area of mental health, especially in the use of medications to treat different forms of mental disorders has been exceptional and has vast clinical experience in treating the mentally ill. He has vast clinical experience in treating the mentally ill. The purpose of this book is to highlight what the specific medicines offer in terms of benefits, side effects, and risks. It provides practical information on how to use various psychotropic drugs in clinical practice, emphasizing the mechanisms of action of these drugs upon the receptors and enzymes in the brain. Prof. Behere has worked to ensure that all the information in this book concern- ing drug dosages, schedules, routes of administration, indications and contraindica- tions, etc., is accurate at the time of publication. The book consists of 11 chapters in all and the 10th chapter covers special populations which include the elderly, children, adolescents, nursing and pregnant women. Prof. Behere presents a balanced and an even approach in his writing which allows the reader to consider the current range of views about modern psychotropic medications. The publication of this book is a major event in the field of psychopharmacology and represents a unique contribution to all mental health professionals. It has 11 chapters and interestingly at the end of every chapter there is a block covering summary of that chapter. I believe it is a book every medical practitioner would benefit from having access to and will add to the treasure of existing books in psychopharmacology. Finally, I am happy to write the Foreword for this book. Naren N. Wig Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, India vii Preface This is an effort to provide an up-to-date, easy to use, and a portable source of drug information for mental health professionals. This guide is intended to complement Essential Psychopharmacology and Textbook of Psychopharmacology. It provides practical information on how to use various psychotropic drugs in clinical practice, emphasizing the mechanisms of action of these drugs upon the receptors and enzymes in the brain. Earlier we have written a book entitled Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology in 2010, which was our initial attempt to write in psychopharmacology. As this earlier book became very popular among postgraduates in psychiatry, we penned this book. It consists of 11 chapters—10 chapters cover various classes of drugs, and the 10th chapter covers special populations which include the elderly, children, adolescents, pregnant and nursing women. All the selected drugs are presented in the same design format in order to facilitate rapid access to information. Specifically, each drug is individually divided into sections—class of the drug, history and introduc- tion, classification, pharmacological action, doses, drug interactions, indications, side effects, and special population. Only the essential facts about each drug have been included in order to make the content concise and to avoid dilution of important information. At the end of chapters, there is a block giving summary of the chapter. This book is intended to be genuinely helpful for practitioners of psychopharmacology by providing them with facts and relevant details of all the important psychotropic drugs. Every effort has been made to provide accurate and up-to-date information in accordance with the accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Kolhapur, India Prakash B. Behere Guwahati, India Anweshak Das Grand Rapids, MI Aniruddh P. Behere ix Contents 1 Antidepressants �� 1 1.1 Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Antidepressants �� 1 1.2 Specific Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors �� 4 1.2.1 Fluoxetine �� 4 1.2.2 Sertraline �� 7 1.2.3 Fluvoxamine �� 9 1.2.4 Paroxetine and Paroxetine CR �� 11 1.2.5 Citalopram and Escitalopram �� 13 1.3 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors �� 15 1.4 Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors �� 18 1.4.1 Venlafaxine and Desvenlafaxine �� 18 1.4.2 Duloxetine �� 20 1.4.3 Milnacipran �� 22 1.5 Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors �� 23 1.5.1 Bupropion �� 23 1.6 Serotonin Adrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors �� 25 1.6.1 Trazodone �� 25 1.6.2 Nefazodone �� 27 1.7 Noradrenaline and Specific Serotonergic Agents �� 28 1.7.1 Mirtazapine �� 28 1.8 Newer Antidepressants �� 30 1.8.1 Agomelatine �� 30 1.8.2 Opipramol �� 32 1.8.3 Dapoxetine �� 33 1.8.4 Vilazodone �� 35 1.9 Important Tables Related to Antidepressants �� 36 1.10 Points to Remember �� 38 2 Antipsychotics �� 39 2.1 Typical Antipsychotics �� 39 2.1.1 Chlorpromazine �� 42 2.1.2 Haloperidol �� 43 2.1.3 Sulpiride and Levosulpiride �� 44 2.1.4 Loxapine �� 46 xi xii Contents 2.2 Atypical Antipsychotics �� 48 2.2.1 Olanzapine ��

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