Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud
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Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Guidelines for the Forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts United Nations publication Printed in Austria ST/NAR/45 *1186331*V.11-86331—December 2011 —300 Photo credits: UNODC Photo Library, iStock.com/Abel Mitja Varela Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Guidelines for the forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 ST/NAR/45 © United Nations, December 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. List of abbreviations . v Acknowledgements .......................................... vii 1. Introduction............................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................ 1 1.2. Purpose and scope of the manual ...................... 2 2. Investigative and analytical challenges ....................... 5 3 Evidence collection ...................................... 9 3.1. Evidence collection kits .............................. 9 3.2. Sample transfer and storage........................... 10 3.3. Biological samples and sampling ...................... 11 3.4. Other samples ...................................... 12 4. Analytical considerations .................................. 13 4.1. Substances encountered in DFSA and other DFC cases .... 13 4.2. Procedures and analytical strategy...................... 14 4.3. Analytical methodology .............................. 15 4.4. -
Product List March 2019 - Page 1 of 53
Wessex has been sourcing and supplying active substances to medicine manufacturers since its incorporation in 1994. We supply from known, trusted partners working to full cGMP and with full regulatory support. Please contact us for details of the following products. Product CAS No. ( R)-2-Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine 112022-83-0 (-) (1R) Menthyl Chloroformate 14602-86-9 (+)-Sotalol Hydrochloride 959-24-0 (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2, 3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetic 63422-71-9 acid (2R)-2-[(4-Ethyl-2-3-dioxopiperazinyl) carbonylamino]-2-(4- 62893-24-7 hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (r)-(+)-α-Lipoic Acid 1200-22-2 (S)-1-(2-Chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile 207557-35-5 1,1'-Carbonyl diimidazole 530-62-1 1,3-Cyclohexanedione 504-02-9 1-[2-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol acetate 839705-03-2 1-[2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] cyclohexanol Hydrochloride 130198-05-9 1-[Cyano-(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl] cyclohexanol 93413-76-4 1-Chloroethyl-4-nitrophenyl carbonate 101623-69-2 2-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl) acetic acid Hydrochloride 66659-20-9 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanamine Hydrochloride 29968-78-3 2,4 Dichlorobenzyl Alcohol (2,4 DCBA) 1777-82-8 2,6-Dichlorophenol 87-65-0 2.6 Diamino Pyridine 136-40-3 2-Aminoheptane Sulfate 6411-75-2 2-Ethylhexanoyl Chloride 760-67-8 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate 24468-13-1 2-Isopropyl-4-(N-methylaminomethyl) thiazole Hydrochloride 908591-25-3 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-butane dione 720-94-5 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrothieno[3,2,c] pyridine Hydrochloride 28783-41-7 4-Chloro-N-methyl-piperidine 5570-77-4 -
Use of Human Plasma Samples to Identify Circulating Drug Metabolites That Inhibit Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
1521-009X/44/8/1217–1228$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.116.071084 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Drug Metab Dispos 44:1217–1228, August 2016 Copyright ª 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Use of Human Plasma Samples to Identify Circulating Drug Metabolites that Inhibit Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Heather Eng and R. Scott Obach Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut Received April 19, 2016; accepted June 3, 2016 ABSTRACT Drug interactions elicited through inhibition of cytochrome P450 fractions were tested for inhibition of six human P450 enzyme (P450) enzymes are important in pharmacotherapy. Recently, activities (CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and greater attention has been focused on not only parent drugs CYP3A4). Observation of inhibition in fractions that correspond to inhibiting P450 enzymes but also on possible inhibition of these the retention times of metabolites indicates that the metabolite Downloaded from enzymes by circulating metabolites. In this report, an ex vivo method has the potential to contribute to P450 inhibition in vivo. Using whereby the potential for circulating metabolites to be inhibitors of this approach, norfluoxetine, hydroxyitraconazole, desmethyldiltia- P450 enzymes is described. To test this method, seven drugs and zem, desacetyldiltiazem, desethylamiodarone, hydroxybupropion, their known plasma metabolites were added to control human erythro-dihydrobupropion, and threo-dihydrobupropion were iden- plasma at concentrations previously reported to occur in humans -
Strategies for Managing Sexual Dysfunction Induced by Antidepressant Medication
King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003382.pub3 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Taylor, M. J., Rudkin, L., Bullemor-Day, P., Lubin, J., Chukwujekwu, C., & Hawton, K. (2013). Strategies for managing sexual dysfunction induced by antidepressant medication. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003382.pub3 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
(CD-P-PH/PHO) Report Classification/Justifica
COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES AS REGARDS THEIR SUPPLY (CD-P-PH/PHO) Report classification/justification of medicines belonging to the ATC group R01 (Nasal preparations) Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION 5 DISCLAIMER 7 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT 8 ACTIVE SUBSTANCES Cyclopentamine (ATC: R01AA02) 10 Ephedrine (ATC: R01AA03) 11 Phenylephrine (ATC: R01AA04) 14 Oxymetazoline (ATC: R01AA05) 16 Tetryzoline (ATC: R01AA06) 19 Xylometazoline (ATC: R01AA07) 20 Naphazoline (ATC: R01AA08) 23 Tramazoline (ATC: R01AA09) 26 Metizoline (ATC: R01AA10) 29 Tuaminoheptane (ATC: R01AA11) 30 Fenoxazoline (ATC: R01AA12) 31 Tymazoline (ATC: R01AA13) 32 Epinephrine (ATC: R01AA14) 33 Indanazoline (ATC: R01AA15) 34 Phenylephrine (ATC: R01AB01) 35 Naphazoline (ATC: R01AB02) 37 Tetryzoline (ATC: R01AB03) 39 Ephedrine (ATC: R01AB05) 40 Xylometazoline (ATC: R01AB06) 41 Oxymetazoline (ATC: R01AB07) 45 Tuaminoheptane (ATC: R01AB08) 46 Cromoglicic Acid (ATC: R01AC01) 49 2 Levocabastine (ATC: R01AC02) 51 Azelastine (ATC: R01AC03) 53 Antazoline (ATC: R01AC04) 56 Spaglumic Acid (ATC: R01AC05) 57 Thonzylamine (ATC: R01AC06) 58 Nedocromil (ATC: R01AC07) 59 Olopatadine (ATC: R01AC08) 60 Cromoglicic Acid, Combinations (ATC: R01AC51) 61 Beclometasone (ATC: R01AD01) 62 Prednisolone (ATC: R01AD02) 66 Dexamethasone (ATC: R01AD03) 67 Flunisolide (ATC: R01AD04) 68 Budesonide (ATC: R01AD05) 69 Betamethasone (ATC: R01AD06) 72 Tixocortol (ATC: R01AD07) 73 Fluticasone (ATC: R01AD08) 74 Mometasone (ATC: R01AD09) 78 Triamcinolone (ATC: R01AD11) 82 -
Aerobic Treatment of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Landfill Leachate Ove Bergersen1*, Kine Østnes Hanssen2 and Terje Vasskog2,3
Bergersen et al. Environmental Sciences Europe (2015) 27:6 DOI 10.1186/s12302-014-0035-0 RESEARCH Open Access Aerobic treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in landfill leachate Ove Bergersen1*, Kine Østnes Hanssen2 and Terje Vasskog2,3 Abstract Background: Pharmaceuticals used in human medical care are not completely eliminated in the human body and can enter the municipal sewage sludge system and leachate water from landfill both as the parent compound and as their biologically active metabolites. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have a large potential for unwanted effects on nontarget organisms in the environment. Leachates from active or old closed landfills are often treated with continuous stirring and simple aeration in a pond/lagoon before infiltration into the environment. The aim of this work was to simulate the reduction of five SSRIs (citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine) and three of their metabolites (desmethylcitalopram, didesmethylcitalopram and norfluoxetine) during aerobic treatment of leachate from landfills. This landfill leachate-simulation experiment was performed to see what happens with the pharmaceuticals during aerated treatment and continuous stirring of landfill leachate for 120 h. It is important to establish whether different pollutants such as pharmaceuticals can be removed (oxidized or otherwise degraded) or not before infiltration into the environment. Results: All the SSRIs had a significant concentration reduction during the aeration treatment process. Total SSRI concentrations were reduced significantly during aerobic treatment, and the individual SSRIs were reduced by 89% to 100% after 120 h. Among the high-concentration samples, fluoxetine (10 mg L−1) was the least degraded with 93% concentration reduction. -
HMSA Drug Formulary
March 23, 2004 MEMORANDUM TO: Participating Pharmacies FROM: John T. Berthiaume, M.D. Medical Director, Pharmacy Management SUBJECT: Updated HMSA Drug Formulary Enclosed is the comprehensive updated formulary, effective April 1. This copy incorporates the changes listed in the Formulary Update sent to you in February. Please replace the current formulary sections in your pharmacy handbook with the enclosed version. If you have any questions, please call an HMSA Provider Teleservice Representative at 948- 6330 on Oahu or 1 (800) 790-4672 from the Neighbor Islands. PM04-010 HMSA DRUG FORMULARY 4/1/04 - Page 1 Code THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY LISTING 1 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 1. Penicillins - non-penicillinase resistant 2 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 2. Penicillins - penicillinase resistant 3 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 3. Cephalosporins 4 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 4. Fluoroquinolones 5 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 5. Tetracyclines 6 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 6. Macrolides 7 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 7. Vancomycin 8 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 8. Lincosamides 9 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 9. Aminoglycoside 10 I. Anti-infectives A. Antibiotics 10. Sulfonamides 11 I. Anti-Infectives A. Antibiotics 11. Vaginal preparations 12 I. Anti-infectives B. Antifungal agents 1. Oral 13 I. Anti-Infectives B. Antifungal agents 2. Vaginal preparations OTC considerations: clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin 3, Mycelex-7), miconazole (Monistat 7), tioconazole (Vagistat-1), butoconazole (Femstat 3) 14 I. Anti-infectives C. Antimalarial 15 I. Anti-infectives D. Antituberculous 16 I. Anti-infectives E. Amebicides 17 I. Anti-infectives F. Antiviral agents 1. Nucleoside Reverse-transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) 18 I. -
Central Valley Toxicology Drug List
Chloroform ~F~ Lithium ~A~ Chlorpheniramine Loratadine Famotidine Acebutolol Chlorpromazine Lorazepam Fenoprofen Acetaminophen Cimetidine Loxapine Fentanyl Acetone Citalopram LSD (Lysergide) Fexofenadine 6-mono- Clomipramine acetylmorphine Flecainide ~M~ Clonazepam a-Hydroxyalprazolam Fluconazole Maprotiline Clonidine a-Hydroxytriazolam Flunitrazepam MDA Clorazepate Albuterol Fluoxetine MDMA Clozapine Alprazolam Fluphenazine Medazepam Cocaethylene Amantadine Flurazepam Meperidine Cocaine 7-Aminoflunitrazepam Fluvoxamine Mephobarbital Codeine Amiodarone Fosinopril Meprobamate Conine Amitriptyline Furosemide Mesoridazine Cotinine Amlodipine Methadone Cyanide ~G~ Amobarbital Methanol Cyclobenzaprine Gabapentin Amoxapine d-Methamphetamine Cyclosporine GHB d-Amphetamine l-Methamphetamine Glutethamide l-Amphetamine ~D~ Methapyrilene Guaifenesin Aprobarbital Demoxepam Methaqualone Atenolol Desalkylfurazepam ~H~ Methocarbamol Atropine Desipramine Halazepam Methylphenidate ~B~ Desmethyldoxepin Haloperidol Methyprylon Dextromethoraphan Heroin Metoclopramide Baclofen Diazepam Hexobarbital Metoprolol Barbital Digoxin Hydrocodone Mexiletine Benzoylecgonine Dihydrocodein Hydromorphone Midazolam Benzphetamine Dihydrokevain Hydroxychloroquine Mirtazapine Benztropine Diltiazem Hydroxyzine Morphine (Total/Free) Brodificoum Dimenhydrinate Bromazepam ~N~ Diphenhydramine ~I~ Bupivacaine Nafcillin Disopyramide Ibuprofen Buprenorphine Naloxone Doxapram Imipramine Bupropion Naltrexone Doxazosin Indomethacin Buspirone NAPA Doxepin Isoniazid Butabarbital Naproxen -
MODERN INDICATIONS for the USE of OPIPRAMOL Krzysztof Krysta1, Sławomir Murawiec2, Anna Warchala1, Karolina Zawada3, Wiesław J
Psychiatria Danubina, 2015; Vol. 27, Suppl. 1, pp 435–437 Conference paper © Medicinska naklada - Zagreb, Croatia MODERN INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF OPIPRAMOL Krzysztof Krysta1, Sławomir Murawiec2, Anna Warchala1, Karolina Zawada3, Wiesław J. Cubała4, Mariusz S. Wiglusz4, Katarzyna Jakuszkowiak-Wojten4, Marek Krzystanek5 & Irena Krupka-Matuszczyk1 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland 2“Dialogue” Therapy Centre, Warsaw, Poland 3Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland 4Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland 5Department of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland SUMMARY Opipramol is considered as a pharmacological agent that does not fit the classification taking into account the division of antidepressants, antipsychotics and anxiolytics. It has a structure related to tricyclic antidepressants but it has a different mechanism of action, i.e. binding to sigma1 and to sigma2 sites. It has been regarded as an effective drug in general anxiety disorders together with other agents like SSRI`s, SNRI`s, buspirone and pregabalin for many years. It can however also be indicated in other conditions, e.g. it may be used as a premedication in the evening prior to surgery, positive results are also observed in psychopharmacological treatment with opipramol in somatoform disorders, symptoms of depression can be significantly reduced in the climacteric syndrome. The latest data from literature present also certain dangers and side effects, which may result due to opipramol administration. Mania may be induced not only in bipolar patients treated with opipramol, but it can be an adverse drug reaction in generalized anxiety disorder. This analysis shows however that opipramol is an important drug still very useful in different clinical conditions. -
Opipramol and Trifluoperazine in the Treatment of Anxiety and Tension
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO ANTIHISTAMINES 395 In table VI are given the results of a question directed at discovering how effective the preferred treatment was compared to any other antihistamine used. Fifteen patients only were able to give this information but the results are interesting. Discussion TABLE VI The design of this study was very simple as COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUSLY USED ANTIHISTAMINE such studies must be if they are to be completed under the conditions of a busy general practice. In a condition such as hay fever where anti- Worse As good Better Total histamines are known to be etfective and where fairly rapid symptomatic relief is needed by the 2 4 9 15* patient, we did not feel justified in including a placebo. The results of the study seem fairly *In the majority of patients the previously used clear-cut that if patients are offered the choice antihistamine was the chemically related chlor- of a plain form of this antihistamine or a long- pheniramine maleate B.P. acting form more will choose the latter. Ofthose that do so, however, only about a third find a single tablet at night completely effective, the remainder have to take one further tablet during the day. Both forms of antihistamine are effective and where a retrospective comparison can be made this effectiveness is considered greater or equal to that of previously administered anti-histamines. Summary A simple comparative study under general-practice conditions of two formulations of pheniramine is described. Sixty-one per cent of patients preferred the long-acting form of this antihistamine. -
Inhibition of Histamine-Induced Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Responses by Ocular Allergy Drugs
LABORATORY SCIENCES Inhibition of Histamine-Induced Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Responses by Ocular Allergy Drugs John M. Yanni, PhD; Lori K. Weimer, BA; Najam A. Sharif, PhD; Shou X. Xu, MS; Daniel A. Gamache, PhD; Joan M. Spellman, MS Objective: To evaluate the effects of topical ocular drugs secretion (50% inhibitory concentration, 1.7-5.5 nmol/L) with histamine H1-antagonist activity on histamine- than predicted from binding data, while antazoline and stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and interleu- pheniramine were far less potent (20- to 140-fold) in func- kin (IL) 6 and IL-8 secretion from human conjunctival tional assays. Levocabastine (dissociation constant, 52.6 epithelial cells. nmol/L) exhibited greater functional activity (50% in- hibitory concentration, 8-25 nmol/L) than either antazo- Methods: Primary human conjunctival epithelial cell cul- line or pheniramine. tures were stimulated with histamine in the presence or ab- sence of test drugs. Phosphatidylinositol turnover was quan- Conclusions: Histamine-stimulated phosphatidylino- tified by ion exchange chromatography and cytokine con- sitol turnover and cytokine secretion by human conjunc- tentofsupernatantsbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay. tival epithelial cells are attenuated by compounds with H1-antagonist activity. However, antihistaminic po- Results: Antazoline hydrochloride, emedastine difuma- tency alone does not predict anti-inflammatory poten- rate, levocabastine hydrochloride, olopatadine hydro- tial. Olopatadine, emedastine, and levocabastine were no- chloride, and pheniramine maleate attenuated histamine- tably more potent than pheniramine and antazoline. stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Emedastine was the most potent in li- Clinical Relevance: Selected topical ocular drugs with gand binding, phosphatidylinositol turnover, and IL-6 se- antihistaminic activity may offer therapeutic advan- cretion, with dissociation constant and 50% inhibitory tages to patients with allergic conjunctivitis by inhibit- concentrations of 1-3 nmol/L. -
Comprehensive Panel, Blood
COMPREHENSIVE PANEL, BLOOD Blood Specimens (Order Code 70510) Alcohols Analgesics, cont. Anticonvulsants, cont. Antihistamines Acetone Norbuprenorphine Gabapentin Brompheniramine Ethanol Nortramadol Lamotrigine Cetirizine Isopropanol Oxaprozin Levetiracetam Chlorpheniramine Methanol Pentoxifylline Methsuximide Cyclizine Amphetamines Phenacetin Phenytoin Diphenhydramine Amphetamine Phenylbutazone Pregabalin Doxylamine BDB Piroxicam Primidone Fexofenadine Benzphetamine Salicylic Acid* Topiramate Guaifenesin Ephedrine Sulindac* Zonisamide Hydroxyzine MDA Tapentadol Antidepressants Loratadine MDMA Tizanidine Amitriptyline Oxymetazoline* Mescaline* Tolmetin Amoxapine Pyrilamine Methcathinone Tramadol Bupropion Tetrahydrozoline Methamphetamine Anesthetics Citalopram Triprolidine Phentermine Benzocaine Clomipramine Antipsychotics PMA Bupivacaine Desipramine 9-hydroxyrisperidone Phenylpropanolamine Etomidate Desmethylclomipramine Aripiprazole Pseudoephedrine Ketamine Dosulepin Buspirone Analgesics Lidocaine Doxepin Chlorpromazine Acetaminophen Mepivacaine Duloxetine Clozapine Baclofen Methoxetamine Fluoxetine Fluphenazine Buprenorphine Midazolam Fluvoxamine Haloperidol Carisoprodol Norketamine Imipramine Mesoridazine Cyclobenzaprine Pramoxine* 1,3-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) Norclozapine Diclofenac Procaine Mianserin* Olanzapine Etodolac Rocuronium Mirtazapine Perphenazine Fenoprofen Ropivacaine Nefazodone Pimozide Hydroxychloroquine Antibiotics Norclomipramine Prochlorperazine Ibuprofen Azithromycin* Nordoxepin Quetiapine Ketoprofen Chloramphenicol*