Lincoln Lore
llullctin or the l..oui8 A. Wt~rrtn J_,~;nroln Libr,ary nnd MuHeum. Mnrk £. Neely, Jr.. Jo;dilor. AuguKt. I!JS:J Ruth E. Cook. Edhorinl A,.11h1Wnt l,uhli.;ched ench month by Lhe Number 1746 Lincoln Nntional Lif0 1 n~turftntt> ('ompAr\11. Port Wtwnt. Indiana IGMI .
MARYLAND, MY MARYLAND
In "110mt of tht most moving debates in the Senate this Cnngs of "plug-u.glies'' were a Bnltimore tradition. and the year," the Maryland sta«> legislaturec:onside~ changinjl th< town's notorious Southern sympathiN, coupled with this words to the 123-year-old SialBaltimore- and t.incoln lt'amed ofsuch threats from two different 80urcet-hod to be Ln ken seriously. On April 19, 1861, the Sixth MaBSachusett.o regiment Arter all. the Lincoln administration would end in sudden marched through Bultimore t.o the relief of the notion's cuJ)it.nl, violence when another Maryland plot su~ed in assassi surrounded by aluvc ~t>rrilory and widely thought to be in nnting the pres·ident. four years Iuter. dun.ucr of eusHurc n ft.cr the recent firing on Fort Sumter. Baltimore lived up to ito bloody rcputotion on April L9, 1861, Baltimore hod o reputntion for political violence. Election duys when a mob of Southern sympathizerswccted the Massachu· there hud onrn bren marked by riotous behavior ot the polls, sett.tl men with a storm of abuse und poving stones.. Firing und the Know Nothing party hod held considerable 1>0wer broke out and several soldiers ond civilians died in what came there in parl by mton& of physical intimidation at the poll8. 1o be called "The Baltimore Moswcrc."
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l'mm tllf' l.ou/4 A "'•"""' /.trttoln l.tbrwyortd MUkotiUn f'IGUR.,; 1. The lloltimore Massacre. 2 UNCOLN LORE
, ... The critics have not yet prevailed. The senate voted initially ~~ AIUHU li~'Dt~ to reject the 11ew words, 24~22, but in March the senators reconsidered the measure and it passed, 24·21. Proponents of the change depicted the old song as a "despicable Confederate fight song dripping with hate." Defenders of the Randall original warned against the first steps of "tampering with tradition," which would surely lead to a new state dog, state motto, and state fish. l)efc:nses of the old version of Maryland, My Maryland with a good deal more interesting intellectual content soon followed. Conservative columnist William Safire published an "essay" entitled "PatrioLic Gore" in the New York Times of March 16. Safire knows more about Lincoln ~han ony other practicing $yndlcated columnist, but he has no truck with "prettifiers, feeJings·soothe.rs and t:idiers·up." He is willing to live with a tough Lincoln: ln cracking down on the disloya1 clement in Maryland, ]>rtf:iident Uneoln usurped Congresf:i'S power to suspend BY, habeas corpus and authorized arbitrary arres·t.s, and went on to dispatch General McClellan to arrest Maryland legislators before they could moot to vote secession. These Presidential actions may be described in history classes as having been necessary and in a good cause. but if practiced by a Central American ally today would rightly be denounced as "despotic." Mr. Safire lives in Maryland now but is not. ( believe, a native. The reaction from o true son of Maryland was •• predictably n(!()-Confederate. l)()~ribing himself as one of Maryland's "exiled sons," one Charles C. Rcttburg, Jr., of From lh~ J..ou.i.- A. Warr,.n J.m«JJn Llbraryand Mu11.-um Shaker Heights, Ohio, wrote the New York Times on March t5 to express his "indi!,>'Jlation" at Ms. Klender's "effrontery." FIGURE 2. The song with objectionable words re moved. She is "as poor a student of history as she is a versifier,'' he fumed, and here is why: A review of almost any textabouttheCivil War wiJJ disclose One the civilians who died in that riot was a friend of or that Marylanders rightly regarded Lincoln as a dcsJ)()t. a poet named James Ryder Randall. a Baltimore native then He suspended habeas corpus in order to ineaT(:erate many teaching at a college in Louisiana. Randall was inspired by prominent Maryland citizens suspected of anti-Government the event. W write My Maryland, which began this way: The desJ)()t.'s heel is on thy shore. Maryland, my Maryland! His torch is at thy temple door, Maryland. my Maryland! Avenge the patriotic gore that necked the streets of Baltimore And be the bailie queen of yore, Maryland, my Maryland! The "patriots" whose blood was shed, in Randall's view, were the Baltimoreans, not the Massachusetts soldiers, and the '*despot" was. of course, President Abraham Lincoln. Randall read the poem to his pupils and then sent it lo the New Orleans Delta, where it was published on April 26. Widely copied in Confederate newspapers therea.fte·r, the poem was set to music by Jennie and Hcuy Carry of Baltimore who quickly discovered t\ close fit with a popular college tune which we know today as Tannenbaum. Oh Tannenbaum. In P*Confercderate circles, and hence in Maryland, the song was immensely popular. As a state song in the twentieth century, however. Maryland, My Maryland poses some problems, or so Baltimore County elementary school teacher Barbara Klende.r thinks. "How are you going to explain the desJ)()t is President Lincoln?" she asks. Ms. Klender has offered these words as substitutes for the allegedly offensive lines quoted above: BIJfl,t,lO Oh join we all to lift a song. N.'tr/i.1lh Sl!fi'P~F.J&tOTIH~ '.-: hHH •I Maryland, our Maryland To home and state we've loved so Jong, Maryland, our Maryland This is pretty innocuous stuff after the gore and despotism From rile> lAw& A, Worl't"ll of Randall's ori~rinal, and it is little wonder that. critics have l.i~tcoln L.broryond Mu&t-um risen to the defense of the old song. FIGURE 3. The song with new objectionable wor ds. LINCOLN LORE 3
views. He seized private property without. compensation and as a jokester too small for the presidentia1 office by saying subjected Baltimore to unwarranted military occupation. that the words on Emancipation which Lincoln spoke Passing through the city, his troops fired on a demonstra.· reminded Jefferson Davis '•or a little joke." tion, killing and wounding over a score of protestors. This A more orthodox alteration was Abraham! Our Abrtlhom! incident, which prompted James Ryder Randall's compo A Rallying Song and Chorus to the Popular Melody MarylaruJ! sition, was nothing less than an early-day Kent State. Any My Marylan.d! Published in 1864, this song was, as the word one of these acts, if committed today by Ronald Reagan, "·rallying" indicates. mea nt for the Union (Republican) would lead to a drumhead media trial followed by demands campaign for the presidency. Its anti-Confederate sentiment.s for impeachment. were as tough as the pro-Confederate sentiments of the original Abraham Lincoln, after all, is regularly rated by historians song: as America's greatest president... It seems remarkable in light Prom California"s sea-girt shores, Abraham, of his repub\tion to think that he might have been a ..despot" our Abraham. whose acts are comparable to those now performed by death To where the great Atlantic roars, Abraham. squads. lt.. seems remarkable to think he might have been our Abraham, impeached for presiding over slaughter like that at Kent Stote The people cry with one accord, Death! death had modern standards of morn! rectitude been applied to him. to all the rebel horde! Yet such views of Lincoln quickly surface when the subject Let F'rccdom conquer by the sword, Abraham of eivil liberties comes up. In fact, the anomaly is so great our Abraham. that it demands explanation. but this Lincoln Lore will not James Ryder Randall would have hated those words. Only supply one. twenty.two when the war began, be had attempted to enlist Instead, it will point out only that careful students of in the Confederate army, but poor health kept him off the Lincoln's era know that Ms. KJendcr's is not the first. attempt battlefield. Maryland, My Maryland was published in to change the words of Maryland. My Maryland. In fact, trying Richmond by Macfarland & ~'erguson in 1862 with the subtitle to change the words to the song is almost as traditional as And There's Life in the Old Land Yet. The song was published the words themselves. as a broadside in Savannah in the same year. After the war The words to Afaryltmd, My Moryltmd were so partisan the poet became a journalist. and an aide to Southern that they constituLcd pure Confederate doctrine, and they politicians. Randall continued to 'vrite J)Oetry until his deat.h, quickly drew partisan response from the other side. A pro but his collected poems were published only posthumously, Union version sung to the same tune began: in 1910. Even the author was haunted by the song's fame. The trait.or's foot is on thy soiJ~ Maryland "I have written better poems," he said, "but the world tags my Maryland! me with the more sonorous lyric."' l.et not his touch thy honor spoil. Maryland my Maryland! The most surprising aspect. of the recent attempt to change Wipe out the unpatriotic gore That flecked the words to the Maryland state song proves not t.o be the the streets of Baltimore, novelty of the attempt 123 years after the song was written. And be the loyal state of yore. Maryland, It is, rather, the fact that J'l,faryland, M y Maryland survived my Maryland' the earlier assaults of prf)-Union orthodoxy and is still on to William H. C. Uosmer~sAnswer to My MCtryla.nd was a similar the scene. ready receive challenges. pro-Union response. Afaryland, My Maryland was clearly l)()pular, for it.s minority political viewpoint.. verging on the treasonous, did not cause it to disappear from the Northern scene. All that. could be done. apparently. was to adapt the song t..o more patriotic sentiments. The thing cou.ld not be buried. Thus in 1863 A. C. Peters & Brothers of Cincinnati and J . L. Peters & Brothers or St. Louis published o version of Maryland. My Maryland dedicated "To the Hon: Abraham Lincoln" and bearing the crucial subtitle: "Saved! to the Union Saved!!" The composer was •·u. Nion." The shoot music contained no words, only "brilliant variations" on the stubbornly pOpular song. William K. O"Donoughue wrote the words for Abraham my Abraham, a pie<.-e of sheet music issued by various publishers across the North. This version retained the meter of RandaU"s poetry but changed the words. The alteration. however, was not aimed at reshaping the original pro-Confederate sentiments into a more acceptable Unionism. Rather, the song now became a satirical attack on the Lincoln administration's Emancipation Proclnmation. 1'he first verse cleverly retained __ _, __ _ n remindar of the song's roots in Maryland:
The oontrabands have got the floor, Abraham A184t.f my Abraham, r.,; ~1\ftt trr Wf SICRn l$$1.. 5t They're butting at the white house door, Abraham •• - my Abraham. . .' ~ ··- They've heard the proclamation o'er So skedaddled from the southern shore. As you onc.l did through Baltimore, Abraham From th#t IA~il A. Worrtl'l my Abraham. Lincol.n MbfQ,.YOtt.d Mt#~Uifl This anti-Negro song also capitalil.ed on Lincoln's reputation FLGURE 4. T he same song with patriotic words. 4 LINCOLN LORE
CUMULATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY 1982-1983 by Ruth E. Cook
&i..ctr.o~U opprot.Yd by a 81blwgrophy ComMIU« f'Onl,l.llll'llf &( tit~ {ol/o~:ull( in the White Housel( Cover title) [Copyright 1983 by the Illinois nutmbml Dr l\4'tlndlt A. /krnord. 5(} CJtntlt.ttm Roo-d, Hontrith Ct:r~ler, /tfou., State Historical Seciety. Published by the Illinois State Arnold Gntt:l, 168 W~{ord T!!I'I"CCf', Gardm C~'ty. N.Y.: Carl Ho,..rlm. 1171/.7 MO'JlOI(', En HANNA, WILLIMI F. 1983-8 MORGENTHAU, HANS J. AND DAVID HElN 1983·15 Abraham/ Among the Yankees/ Abraham Lincoln's/1848 Essays/ on Lincoln'a!Faith and Polities/ VolwneiV/ Hans Visit to Massachu.sett.S/ By William F. Hannai'T'aunton, J. Morgenthau/ David Hein/ Edited by/ Kenneth W. Thomp Massachusetts11'he Old Colony Historical Society/ 1983/ son/ University/Press of/Amcrica/(Device)/Lanham. New Book, tk,th. 9 I 4" x 6 1/4"', 100 U) pp., il1ll8. Hardeovet ednM>c\ litni!H 1.t> 250. York. London/ [Copyright 1983 by Matthew Morgenthau, numbc-nod 11nd tda:ntd by t~uthor. ·~~ l8 oopy 18. Susanna Morgenthau and Kenneth IV. Thompson.] HERSCH, GISELA 1983-9 IJook. p$~. 8 11~ X !'j 6/fr, X 1)., 20512) pp. Lincolniana/ A collection of pamphlets, booklets, manu· scripts/magazine and newspaper articles relating to t.be/life NEELY, MARK E., J"R. 1983-16 and times of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)/ Complled and Lincoln and the Constitution/By Mark E. Neely, Jr./Fort annotated by/Gisela Hersch/ with the assistance of/Lisa E. Wayne, lndiana/ (Port.rait)/ Bulletin of the 39th Annual Landau/(Portrait)/Hugh Thomas Miller Rare Book Room/ Meeting/ ofl1'he Lincoln Fellowship of Wisconsin/ April 18, Irwin Library/ Butler Univers ity/ 4600 S un set Avenue/ 1932/ Historical Bulleti.n No. 38/ 1983/(Cover title)/ IndianaPOlis, Indiana 46208/(317) 285-9265/ February 1983/ Pamphlet. flexible boards, U:r X7 1/ 2"', 16 pp... Ulua., price. S2.ro. Ptlmphlet. paper, II")( 8 liZ'. iv p.. 7& pp, Umiurd totiOO oopie$ prii'IIA:ld. TAYLOR, SOL 1983-17 ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY 1983-10 The Standard Guide/ w the Lincoln CenVSol Taylor/P.O. Tllinois/Hist.>ry/ Volume SO/ Number 5/February 1983/ Box 5465/N. Hollywood, CA 91616/ [Copyright 1983 by Sol Abraham Lincoln/ Lincoln's New Salem - A Lincoln/ Taylor, Ph.D.) Phot.>graph - The Lincoln Oak/ A Civil War Diary - Book, doth, 8 314• x 5 112'", ~·B p., 150 pp .• itlu., prier, $15.95. No 256 o( limitfld Lincoln's Usc/of Humor -The First Gett.ysburg/ Address edition of 500 copies.. Abraham Lincoln and Edward D. Baker - His Fatber'sl Papers- Officer Tad and Jack/(lllustration)/ Lincoln Family