Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 1 a Combination of Lymph and Glandular Emissions to an Elephantine Census After 5 Years Fluoresce

March-April 2017 NEWS LETTER

KERALA 2017

Newsletter of WWF - India, Kerala State Office

FROM THE STATE DIRECTOR’S DESK activity based sensitization programme on the theme “Forests & Water” through a workshop and rally on 21st The project Marine Turtle Conservation in Kerala is and 22nd March 2017, jointly commemorating World progressing well. The ambitious task of setting up Forestry Day and World Water Day at Peet Memorial a good quality Marine Turtle Interpretation Centre Training College, Mavelikara attended by 40 Teacher (MTIC) at Kolavipalam under Theeram Prakriti Trainees of the college. As part of volunteering, the Samrakshana Samithi is moving ahead with the participants made placards with the captions on art work progressing at Godfrey’s Graphics. Twelve forests and water conservation and took out a public new information panels and eight photo panels rally on the next day morning. As in previous years, are being made for installation in the MTIC. We we observed Earth Hour 2017 on the theme ‘Switch are also undertaking a new consultancy project for Off and Switch to Renewable Energy’ with full-fledged setting up a Honeybee Museum at Thenmala funded activities ranging from public outreach through sticker by Thenmala Ecotourism Promotion Society. The distribution, engaging early morning walkers in the technical inputs for the project will be given by WWF Museum Compound, Cyclothon in association with and the artistic inputs will be availed from Godfrey’s Indus Cycling Embassy and the concluding evening Graphics by awarding a sub-consultancy. In the month function at Shanghumugham Beach, the highlight of March, we organized the Urja Kiran programme being the ‘Fusion Music’ performance and the Switch in the third electoral constituency assigned to us i.e. Off and Candle Light Vigil led by dignitaries. Mr. Vaniyamkulam Gramapanchayat falling under Shornur Sudhir Vyas, IFS, Member of the Board of Trustees Constituency in which 70 women from different of WWF-India visited the Western Ghats Nilgiris Kudumbasree units participated in the programme. Landscape with his family from 6-10 April 2017. Mr. Our initiatives towards protecting our feathered Tiju Thomas from the WGNL Team and the State friends continues in full steam with the session on Director and Senior Education Officer from the State ‘Bird watching and documentation’ organised at Govt. Office accompanied Mr. Vyas on his visit which turned College, Pattambi led by the Senior Education Officer out to be a great sharing and learning experience. and attended by around 80 students of the Nature Our environment education activities of the two Club. The Volunteer team of WWF- India completed months included delivering invited talks in several the dry season data collection for the preparation forum, the most notable being the Citizen Science of the Trivandrum Bird Atlas also in March. As in Workshop organized for Coastal NGOs by Dept. of previous years, we conducted the Sparrow Survey Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, in Thiruvananthapuram in connection with World putting up exhibition stalls in University College, Sparrow Day 2017. Our Volunteers and staff covered 15 facilitating visit to Pathiramanal Island of Vembanad sites this time. A slight decline in the total population Lake for the members of Green Valley Nature Club of the small bird and a notable population shift from from Puthuppally, Sunday Bird Walk in April in and within the City to the coastal belt was observed. With around Punchakkari wetlands and support to Mr. the soaring temperatures and drying waterbodies, a Justin, a school student doing an assignment on Tiger small bird bath has also been established in the State Conservation in India and Project Tiger. Office. Our Volunteer Engagement Programme is also well accepted and moving ahead with a wide range of Renjan Mathew Varghese, State Director activities and in the month of March, we conducted an

in the Amazon basin in Argentina. Scientists at the IMPORTANT NEWS ON Bernardino Rivadavia Natural Sciences Museum in Buenos NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Aires made the discovery by accident while studying the pigment of Polka-dot Tree Frogs, a species common to the rainforest. In normal light, the frog appears to have a dull, GLOBAL mottled browny-green skin with red dots, but under UV light it glows a bright fluorescent green. Fluorescence A frog that glows in the dark: - the ability to absorb light at short wavelengths and re- Scientists find first of its kind in Amazon basin emit it at longer wavelengths - is uncommon in creatures The world’s first fluorescent frog has been discovered that live on land. The translucent frog was found to use

Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 1 a combination of lymph and glandular emissions to An Elephantine Census after 5 years fluoresce. The researchers, who published their discovery Volunteers and wildlife activists will fan out in May across on March 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that the trait enhanced the brightness forests and other habitats to count the actual number of of the frog by 19-29% depending on the level of ambient wild Elephants in the country. The All-India Synchronised light in its surroundings.The compound causing the blue- Asian Elephant Population Estimation, will be carried green glow of the Polka-dot Tree Frog was not previously out simultaneously in the southern States from May 16 thought to exist in vertebrates and its discovery has excited to 19, and earlier in eastern States, after a five-year gap. researchers. “This is very different from fluorophores In the previous counting exercise in 2012, the estimated found in other vertebrates, which are usually proteins or population of wild Elephants reported by the Environment polyenic chains” Maria Gabriella Lagoria, a Photochemist Ministry was between 29,391 and 30,711, compared to at the University of Buenos Aires and study co-author, told 27,657 and 27,682 in 2007, the data range indicating the Chemistry World. The discovery opens up the possibility lower and upper bounds. The exercise involves estimating that other amphibians may be able to fluoresce, particularly the Elephant numbers through various methods — those with translucent skin similar to that of the Tree Frog. including direct sample block counts and indirect or line Speaking to the journal Nature, which first published transect dung counts — and the data is used to arrive at news of the fluorescent frog, co-author Julián Faivovich a reliable estimate of the actual population range. The expressed his hope that the discovery would inspire protocols have been designed and approved by the Project interest in the phenomenon, saying he hoped scientists Elephant Directorate of the Ministry of Environment and would “start carrying a UV flashlight to the field”. Forests. (Source: The Hindu, April 8, 2017) (Source: http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/a- frog-that-glows-in-the-dark-scientists-find-first-of-its-kind- An avian paradise thrives amid drought in- amazon-basin/story-BNugovwDo7vC5gpIArNdlK.html) People of the village in Prakasam district do everything they can to provide safety to winged visitors. Fourteen year old How a burrowing rodent survives near-suffocation Harish is busy putting back a young bird which fell off the They are homely, buck-toothed, pink, nearly hairless and nest from a Tamarind tree. Such spectacles are replete in the just plain weird, but one of the many odd traits of rodents remote village of Velamavaripalem in the Ballikuravamandal called Naked Mole-Rats that live in subterranean bliss in of Prakasam district as the villagers take pride in providing the deserts of East Africa could someday be of great benefit a safe and secure environment for the winged visitors. to people. Scientists on Thursday said the rodents, when Painted storks and other birds make it a point to visit the deprived of oxygen in their crowded underground burrows, village in the first week of January for nesting, and return survive by switching to a unique type of metabolism based in July along with their young ones. “'We don’t harm them. on the sugar fructose rather than the usual glucose, the We don’t allow others to do so either” says Village Sarpanch only animal known to do so. Metabolising fructose is a plant strategy, and the researchers were surprised to see it M. Praveen Kumar, who has taken the initiative to sink a in a mammal. They now hope to harness lessons learned borewell in the dry pond, mobilising Rs 4 lakhs to ensure from this rodent to design future therapies for people to water for the avians during this summer as the district faces prevent calamitous damage during heart attacks or strokes severe drought for the third consecutive year. “Our village when oxygenated blood cannot reach the brain. Naked is more like a mother’s home for these birds which come for Mole-Rats, they found, can survive up to 18 minutes with breeding and return in July only when the young ones are no oxygen and at least five hours in low-oxygen conditions in a position to fly” adds 65-year-old Pitchaiah. These birds that would kill a person in minutes. (Source: The Hindu, have been breeding at the village since time immemorial. April 21, 2017) They used to come in thousands till the devastating 1977 Diviseema Super Cyclone which uprooted several big trees in the village, laments villager V. Rosaiah. Their NATIONAL number had come down in recent years as the irrigation canals fed by River Krishna has been receiving dwindling North India to get DNA bank for wildlife inflows, following the construction of reservoirs by the upper riparian States of Karnataka and Maharashtra, points out North India is all set to get its first DNA bank for wildlife. V. Venkateswarlu with a tinge of sadness. “We plan to raise Scientists at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) fast-growing tree saplings in two acres behind the village in Bareilly are in the process of collecting DNA samples of school this year to improve the birds’ natural habitat” says all wild animals to set up the bank. It is expected to help in research and also in bringing down poaching. At present, the Sarpanch in a conversation with The Hindu. Repairs are the Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species being carried out to the Mylavaram Lift Irrigation Scheme at (LaCONES) in Hyderabad is the only such facility in the a cost of Rs 1 crore to bring under irrigation 1,800 acres, he country. (Source: The Hindu, April 7, 2017) adds. (Source: The Hindu 14 March 2017)

2 / Mruthika/ March-April 2017 tennis ball-sized frog species found in Kerala can be used STATE to develop an anti-viral drug that can treat various strains of flu, according to a new study. Frog mucus is loaded with 2,013 ha destroyed in forest fire in 2 months molecules that kill bacteria and viruses and researchers Forest fire during the January-February period this year are beginning to investigate it as a potential source for has destroyed 2,013.41 hectares in the State causing a loss new anti-microbial drugs. The “host defence peptides”, of Rs. 2,43,258, Minister for Forests K. Raju informed the found in the frog species (Hydrophylax bahuvistara) native Assembly on Thursday. Replying to questions, the Minister to Kerala can destroy many strains of human flu and said steps had been taken to preserve water sources in the protect mice against flu infection, researchers found. An forest and conserve rainwater. Besides, the Department had international team of researchers, including those from taken steps to dredge water bodies and construct check- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology in Kerala, screened dams. Minister for Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled about 32 frog defence peptides against an influenza strain Tribes and Backward Classes A.K. Balan said 4,075 more and found that four of them had flu-busting abilities. When families would be given land under the Forest Rights Act researchers delivered small electric shocks, they collected before March 31. Necessary instructions had been given the secretion that contained a peptide, or chain of amino to the District Collectors. Under the Act, 25,081 persons acids, that appears to fight off the H1 strain of flu virus. The had been provided 33,778 acres of land. As many as 164 researchers named the newly identified peptide “Urumin” were given community rights and 204 development rights. after the Urumi, a sword with a flexible blade that snaps Steps to provide land to 12,435 Scheduled Tribes families and bends like a whip. Electron microscope images of were on and the aim of the Government was to solve the the virus after exposure to Urumin reveal a virus that has land issue of Adivasis in the next two years, Mr. Balan been completely dismantled, researchers said. Urumin is said. The Minister said the Backward Class Development not toxic to mammals, but “appears to only disrupt the Corporation would open 10 sub-district offices. (Source: integrity of flu virus”. When researchers squeezed some The Hindu, 10 March, 2017) Urumin into the noses of lab mice, the peptide protected New tree-living crab species found in Kerala them against what would have otherwise been a lethal Scientists have discovered a new species of long legged, dose of H1 flu virus, the kind responsible for the 2009 tree-dwelling crabs in Western Ghats of Kerala. The new Swine Flu pandemic. It seems to work by binding to a species named Kanimaranjandu after the Kani tribe in protein that is identical across many influenza strains, and Kerala, are substantially different from other congeners. in lab experiments, it was able to neutralise dozens of flu The characteristic traits of the crab include the structure strains, from the 1934 archival viruses up to modern ones, of its hard upper shell, its male abdominal structure and researchers said. More research is needed to determine if reproductive parts and diagnostic elongated walking Urumin could become a preventive treatment against the legs, which no other genus has, said researchers from flu in humans, and to see if other frog-derived peptides University of Kerala. This is the first report of its kind to could protect against viruses like dengue and Zika. (Source: offer a record of an arboreal crab — a species that lives The Hindu, 20 April, 2017) in trees. The survey of the freshwater crab fauna started in 2014 in the Westerns Ghats in Kerala. People from the Bid by land lobby to divert water from Chinnar River Kani tribe reported sightings of ‘long legged’ tree crabs An illegal move to divert the east-flowing Chinnar is posing in the area. After a year, researchers were finally able to a threat to its very existence. The move by land lobby is to capture a female specimen and later a large adult male. “As water holding hollows in large trees are essential for the divert the inter-State river water to the Mangayaar stream, survival of this unique species, the discovery also stress a dead stream in Tamil Nadu, via a 700-metre trench. Land the need for conservation of large trees in the degraded grabbers based in Tamil Nadu have already constructed a forest ecosystems of the Western Ghats” said Bijukumar of four-metre deep, three-metre wide trench along 80 metres University of Kerala. “It also highlights how little we know in length. The Kerala Forest Department has reported about the actual biodiversity that resides in these forests the matter to Forest Minister K. Raju and Chief Minister and the efforts that must still be made to find and study Pinarayi Vijayan. The Forest Minister told The Hindu that the many undoubted new species that still live there,” he had already directed Munnar Wildlife Warden G. Prasad Kumar said. The finding was published in the Journal of to immediately stop the unscientific trench construction. Crustacean Biology. (Source: The Hindu, 5 April, 2017) Reports received from Tamil Nadu showed that the trench A frog’s mucus could treat flu construction had been taken up by land lobby, keeping the Tamil Nadu Government in the dark, he said. (Source: The Kerala amphibian’s slime proves to be lethal against various Hindu, April 14, 2017). viruses, says study. Skin mucus secreted by a colourful,

Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 3 s‑S-b‑p-ï‑v. s‑h-Å-¨‑m-«-¯‑n-s‑e ]‑m-d-IÄ-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ Vanni CHILDREN'S CORNER malabarica C-X‑p-h-s‑c A-X‑n-c-¸-Å‑n-b‑nÂ a‑m-{‑X-t‑a I-ï‑n-«‑p-Å‑p. C-¯- c-¯‑nÂ F-{‑X-s‑b-{‑X I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑nÂ D-Å s‑s‑P-h s‑s‑h-h‑n-²‑y‑w \-½‑p-s‑S A-Ú-X I‑m-c-W‑w \‑m‑w C-X‑n-\-I‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n. C-\‑n-s‑b-¦‑n-e‑p‑w Match the following Wildlife Sanctuaries/ National Parks I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S h-e‑n-¸-a-Ã A-h-b‑p-s‑S ]‑m-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n-I {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w B-W‑v with their respective States. ]T-\ h‑n-j-b‑w B-t‑¡-ï-s‑X-¶ X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-h‑v \-a‑p-¡‑p-ï‑m-I-s‑«. a‑mÀ-¨‑v 21 t‑e‑m-I h-\-Z‑n-\‑w B-b‑n b‑p-s‑s‑W-ä-U‑v t‑\-j³-k‑v B-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v Sl. No WLS/NPs State I‑m-S‑n-s‑â \ne\nev]v a-\‑p-j‑y-I‑p-e-¯‑n-\v F-{‑X-t‑¯‑m-f‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-s‑W- ¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª-X‑v s‑I‑m-ï‑m-W‑v. I-g‑n-ª hÀ-j-s‑¯ c‑q-£-a‑m-b N‑q-S‑p‑w 1 Kaziranga Wildlife sanctuary Odisha h-cÄ-¨-b‑p‑w \-a‑p-s‑¡‑m-c‑p H‑mÀ-a-s‑¸-S‑p-¯Â B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b k‑w-c- 2 Gir National Park Rajasthan £‑n-¡-W‑w F-¶ H‑mÀ-a-s‑¸-S‑p-¯Â. I‑m-S‑p-IÄ-¡‑v \-½‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑nÂ D-Å Ø‑m-\‑w k‑v-I‑qÄ X-e-¯‑nÂ X-s‑¶ \‑m‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-s‑f t‑_‑m-[‑y-s‑¸- 3 Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan S‑p-¯‑m³ {‑i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. \-i‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-b I‑m-S‑n-s‑\ ]‑p-\-Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³ A-{‑X F-f‑p-¸-aÃ. A-t‑¸‑mÄ \-i‑n-¨‑p t‑]‑m-b s‑s‑P-h s‑s‑h-h‑n-²‑y-s‑¯ 4 Sunderbans National Park Madhya Pradesh X‑n-c‑n-s‑¨-¯‑n-¡‑p-I F-¶-t‑X‑m? h-\-§fmW‑v `‑q-a‑n-b‑p-s‑S P-ek‑w-`-c-W‑n- 5 Periyar Tiger Reserve Madhya Pradesh IÄ. s‑]-b‑v-Xv H-g‑p-I‑n t‑]‑m-t‑h-ï a-g-b‑v-¡‑v `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v C-d-§‑m³ h-g‑n I‑m-W‑n-¨‑p s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑v a-c-§Ä B-W‑v. G-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ P-e‑w 6 Kanha National Park Rajasthan k‑q-£‑n-¨‑p s‑h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶-X‑p ]‑pÂ-t‑a-S‑p-IÄ B-W‑v. X-s‑â \‑m-c‑p t‑h-c‑p ]-S-e-¯‑n-e‑q-s‑S a-t‑ä-X‑v h‑r-£-t‑¯-¡‑m-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-X-e‑m-b‑n P-e-¯‑n-\‑p a-®‑n- 7 Ranthambore National Park Assam t‑e-¡‑v F-¯‑m³ ]‑pÂ-t‑a-S‑p-IÄ h-g‑n \Â-I‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. I‑m-S‑p-IÄ k‑w-`- 8 Bandhavgarh National Park Gujarat c‑n-¨‑p s‑h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ P-e-a‑m-W‑v ]‑p-g-IÄ h-g‑n \-a‑p-¡‑v h‑n-«‑p \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w t‑h-ï t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑w-c-£‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯-hÀ B-W‑v 9 Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary Assam \-½Ä. \-½‑p-s‑S I‑n-W-d‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-f-§-f‑n-e‑p‑w A-\‑p-Z‑n-\‑w P-e-\‑n-c-¸‑v X‑m-g‑v-¶‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. \-ã-a‑m-I‑p-¶ P-e -h-\ k‑-¼-¯‑p-I-s‑f I‑p-d‑n- 10 Chilka Bird Sanctuary Bengal ¨‑v C-\‑n-b‑p‑w t‑_‑m-[-h‑m³-a‑mÀ B-b‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ A-X‑n-P‑o-h-\‑w A-k‑m-[‑y‑w 11 Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary Kerala B-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v t‑h-\-e‑p-IÄ \-a‑p-¡‑v a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑v X-c‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. C-h‑n-s‑S `-c-W-I‑q-S-§Ä-¡‑v a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã s‑]‑m-X‑p-P-\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w D-¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-¯-a‑p-ï‑v.

11. Rajasthan) 11. i‑p-²-a‑m-b I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å‑w‑, i‑p-² h‑m-b‑p A-h-I‑m-i-s‑a-¶ t‑]‑m-s‑e A-h Pradesh 7. Rajasthan 8. Madhya Pradesh 9. Rajasthan 10. Odisha Odisha 10. Rajasthan 9. Pradesh Madhya 8. Rajasthan 7. Pradesh (Hints: 1. Assam 2. Gujarat 3. Assam 4. Bengal 5. Kerala 6. Madhya Madhya 6. Kerala 5. Bengal 4. Assam 3. Gujarat 2. Assam 1. (Hints: k‑w-c-£‑n-t‑¡-ï-X‑v \-½‑p-s‑S I-S-a-b‑m-W‑v. s‑j-a‑o-\ F-k‑v.

MEMBER’S DESK SPECIES OF THE ISSUE

-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n H-c‑p-]‑m-S‑v NÀ-¨ s‑N-¿‑s-¸t‑S-ï c-ï‑v Z‑n-\-§- f‑p-a‑m-b‑n B-W‑v a‑mÀ-¨‑v a‑m-k‑w I-S-¶‑p t‑]‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑mÀ-¨‑v 21 Malabar Trogon (X‑o-¡‑m-¡) ]mA-´‑m-c‑m-{‑ã h-\-Z‑n-\‑w‑, a‑mÀ-¨‑v 22 t‑e‑m-I P-e-Z‑n-\‑w. C‑u hÀ-j-s‑¯ t‑e‑m-I (Harpactes fasciatus) h-\-Z‑n-\-¯‑nÂ t‑I-c-f-¯‑n-s‑e s‑s‑h-Z‑y‑p-X a-{‑´‑n-b‑p-t‑S-X‑m-b‑n ]-{‑X-§-f‑nÂ h-¶ H-c‑p {‑]-k‑v-X‑m-h-\ h-f-s‑c-t‑b-s‑d ‑{‑i-² AÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v -"h-\‑w \-ã-s‑]-S‑p-¶-X‑nÂ h-Ã‑y I‑m-c‑y-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w C-Ã. s‑s‑h-Z‑y‑p-X‑n t‑h-W-s‑a-¦‑nÂ I‑p-d-¨‑v h-\-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w \-ã-s‑¸-S‑p‑w' F-¶‑n-§-s‑\ B-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-X‑v. \‑n-b-a- k-`-b‑nÂ H-c‑p k-_‑v-a‑n-j-\‑p a-d‑p-]-S‑n-b‑m-b‑n«mWv A-X‑n-c-¸-Å‑n P-e s‑s‑h- Z‑y‑p-X ]-²-X‑n-¡‑m-b‑n Ø-e‑w G-s‑ä-S‑p-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑nÂ F-g‑p-X‑n X-b‑m-d‑m-¡‑n-b D-¯-c‑w \Â-I‑n-b-X‑v. t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑n-X‑m-W‑v ""h-\‑w C-Ã‑m-X‑m-b‑mÂ P-e-a‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-t‑a‑m?'' a-c-§Ä I‑q-S‑n \‑n-¶‑mÂ I‑m-S‑m-s‑b-¶‑v A-_-²-[‑m- c-W s‑h-¨‑v ]‑p-eÀ-¯‑p-¶ H-c‑p k-a‑q-l-¯‑nÂ B-W‑v \‑m‑w P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C-S-X‑qÀ-¶‑v \‑nev-¡‑p-¶ a-c-§-f‑p‑w ]‑pÂ-t‑a-S‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑a‑m-« I‑p-¶‑p-I-f‑p‑w ]‑m-d-¡‑q-«-§-f‑p‑w F-Ã‑m‑w DÄ-s‑¸S‑p-t‑¼‑m-g‑m-W‑v h-\-§Ä Bh‑p-I. I‑m-S‑v F-¶‑mÂ a-c-§Ä a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-s‑W-¶ I-W-¡‑p I‑q-«-e‑n-s‑\ a-ï-¯-c‑w F-¶- Ã‑m-s‑X F-´‑m h‑n-f‑n-¡‑p-I? a-c-§Ä a\‑p-j‑y-s‑â H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ k‑n-e-ïÀ a‑m-{‑X‑w B-s‑W-¶ [‑m-c-W B-W‑v a‑m-t‑d-ï-X‑v. I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e s‑s‑P-h s‑s‑h-h‑n-²‑y‑w F-S‑p-¯‑p ]-d-t‑b-ï-X‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-c-¸-Å‑n ]-²-X‑n X-s‑¶ D-Z‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-b‑n F-S‑p-¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑nÂ ]-²-X‑n {‑]-t‑Z-i‑w DÄ-s‑]-S‑p-¶ A-X‑n-c-¸-Å‑n -h‑m-g-¨‑mÂ {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v I‑m-W‑p-¶ A-]‑qÀ-h-b‑n-\‑w P‑o-h‑n-IÄ X‑oÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑p‑w {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y‑w AÀ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v. P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑^‑m-k‑n-e‑p- t‑{‑S‑m-t‑K‑m-W‑n-t‑^‑m-s‑a-k‑v ]-£‑n t‑K‑m-{‑X-¯‑n-s‑e t‑{‑S‑m-t‑K‑m-W‑n-s‑U I‑p-S‑p‑w- IÄ F-¶-d‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ ]‑m-X‑m-f X-h-f (Purple Frog, Nasikabtarachus _-¯‑nÂ-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p H-c‑n-\‑w I‑m-«‑p-]-£‑n-b‑m-W‑v X‑o-¡‑m-¡. C‑u ]-£‑n-b‑p-s‑S sahyadrensis‑)‑, A-X‑n-c-]-Å‑n c‑m-¯-h-f (Nyctibtarachus athirappillyensis‑) i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-\‑m-a‑w l‑mÀ-]‑m-s‑Î-k‑v ^‑m-k‑n-t‑b-ä-k‑v F-¶‑m-W‑v. A-k‑m-[‑m-c-W C-s‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w I‑q-S‑m-s‑X ]T-\-§Ä \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯-X‑p s‑I‑m-ï‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w hÀ-W-`‑w-K‑n-b‑p-Å X‑o-¡‑m-¡-b‑v-¡‑v I‑m-«‑p-s‑s‑a-\-t‑b‑m-f‑w h-e‑n-¸-a‑p-ï‑v. N‑p-ï‑n- \‑m‑w X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-ª‑n-«‑n-Ã‑m-¯ F-{‑X-t‑b‑m k-k‑y -P‑o-h‑n hÀ-¤-§Ä C-h‑n- s‑â A-ä‑w a‑p-XÂ h‑m-e-ä‑w h-s‑c a‑p-¸-X‑p s‑kâ‑n-a‑o-ä-t‑d‑m-f‑w \‑o-f‑w h-c‑p‑w.

4 / Mruthika/ March-April 2017 B¬-]-£‑n-b‑p-s‑S X-e‑, I-g‑p-¯‑v F-¶‑o `‑m-K-§-f‑nÂ I-d‑p-¸‑p-\‑n-d-a‑m-W‑v. I‑m-e-hÀ-j-¯‑nÂ \‑mÂ-]X‑v i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w X‑p-e‑m-hÀ-j-¯‑nÂ A-d‑p-]-X‑v X-h‑n-«‑p \‑n-d-¯‑n-e‑p-Å a‑m-d‑nÂ a‑m-e t‑]‑m-s‑e H-c‑p s‑h-Å-¸-«-b‑p-ï‑v. a‑m-d‑n-s‑â i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w I‑p-d-h‑p-ï‑m-b‑n. t‑h-\Â-a-g-b‑p‑w I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. A-S‑n-`‑m-K-¯‑n-\‑v I-S‑p‑w N‑p-h-¸‑p \‑n-d-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. ]-£‑n-b‑p-s‑S ]‑p-d‑w-`‑m-K- I-W‑n-s‑¡‑m-¶-b‑p‑w a‑m-h‑p‑w ¹‑m-h‑p‑w h‑r-£-e-X‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-e‑w-a‑m-d‑n ]‑q-¡‑p- h‑p‑w ]‑q-«‑n-b h‑m-e‑n-s‑â D-]-c‑n-`‑m-K-h‑p‑w a-ª-I-eÀ-¶ X-h‑n-«‑p-\‑n-d-a‑m-W‑v. ¶‑p‑, I‑m-b‑v-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-d‑p-¸‑p-\‑n-d-a‑p-Å N‑n-d-I‑p-I-f‑nÂ \‑n-c-h-[‑n t‑\-c‑n-b s‑h-Å-h-c-IÄ I‑m-W‑m‑w. t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-t‑e-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ a-g e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ c‑m-P‑y §-f‑m-b h‑m-e‑n-s‑â C-c‑p ]‑mÀ-i‑z-§-f‑n-e‑p-a‑p-Å X‑q-h-e‑p-I-f‑nÂ a‑q-s‑¶-®‑w h‑o-X‑w _-k‑oÂ‑, l-h‑m-b‑v (2800 a‑n.a‑o-äÀ hÀ-j‑w t‑X‑md‑p‑w‑) F-¶‑n-h-s‑b-¡‑mÄ s‑h-Å \‑n-d-¯‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. A-X‑n-\‑mÂ ]-£‑n-s‑b A-S‑n-h-i-¯‑p a-g-b‑p-Å (3100 a‑n.a‑o-äÀ hÀ-j‑w t‑X‑m-d‑p‑w‑)‑, c‑m-P‑y-¯‑v e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ a-g-t‑b- \‑n-¶‑p t‑\‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ h‑mÂ s‑h-Å-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑p t‑X‑m-¶‑p‑w. s‑]¬-]-£‑n- ¡‑mÄ (1100 a‑n.a‑o äÀ hÀ-j‑w t‑X‑m-d‑p‑w‑) c-ï-c-b‑n-c-«‑n a-g I‑n-«‑p-¶ t‑I-c-f‑w. b‑p-s‑S A-S‑n-h-i-¯‑n-\‑v a-ª-I-eÀ-¶ C-f‑w X-h‑n-«‑p-\‑n-d-a‑m-W‑v; X-e-b‑p‑w \‑m-e‑v-]-¯‑n-\‑m-e‑v \-Z‑n-IÄ‑, ]‑p-g-IÄ‑, t‑X‑m-S‑p-IÄ‑, B-b‑nc-¡-W-¡‑n-\‑v I-g‑p-¯‑p‑w I-S‑p‑w X-h‑n-«‑p-\‑n-d-h‑p‑w. X‑o-¡‑m-¡-I-f‑p-s‑S X-e X-S‑n-¨-X‑p‑w a‑qÀ- I‑p-f-§Ä‑, I‑m-b-e‑p-IÄ‑, A-c‑p-h‑n-IÄ‑, \-Ã h-\-§Ä‑, F-Ã‑m‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑p‑w ²‑m-h‑v ]-c-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v. N‑p-ï‑v ]-c-¶-X‑p‑w X‑m-c-X-t‑a‑y-\ I‑p-d‑p-I‑n-b-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v. k-¼-¶‑w. ]-s‑£ F-h‑ns‑S-t‑b‑m ]‑n-g-¨‑p. F-h‑n-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v? h-f-s‑c I‑p-d‑p-I‑n-b I‑m-e‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e h‑n-c-e‑p-I-f‑nÂ c-s‑ï-®‑w a‑p-¶‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w c-s‑ï-®‑w ]‑n-¶‑n-t‑e-¡‑p‑w X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p \‑n-e‑v-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v {‑I-a‑o- s‑X-f‑n-\‑o-c‑p-Å I‑p-f-§-f‑p‑w a-ä‑v P-e-t‑{‑k‑m-X-Ê‑p-I-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å- I-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑m-e‑n-\‑v 15 s‑kâ‑n-a‑o-ä-t‑d‑m-f‑w \‑o-f-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w. ¯‑n-\‑pÄ-s‑¸-s‑S D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-¶ \‑m-S‑m-W‑v \-½‑p-t‑S-X‑v. D-]-c‑n-X-e P-e- C-X‑n-s‑â A-ä‑w h‑o-X‑n I‑q-S‑n-b-X‑p‑w D-f‑n-h-¨‑p I‑p-d‑p-s‑I a‑p-d‑n-¨-t‑]‑m-s‑e k‑m-X-k‑p-IÄ I‑p-d-b‑p-Ib‑p‑w a-e‑n-\-a‑m-h‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-t‑¸‑mÄ X‑p-d-¶ t‑X‑m-¶‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-W‑v. X‑o-¡‑m-¡-IÄ A-[‑n-I-k-a-b-h‑p‑w a-c-s‑¡‑m-¼‑p- I‑n-Wd‑p-IÄ h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b‑n. A-h h-ä‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑p-gÂ-¡‑n-WÀ F-¶-X‑m-b‑n I-f‑nÂ \‑n-Ý-e-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-e-k-c‑m-b ]-£‑n-I-f‑m-W‑v. C-h s‑N-d‑p c‑o-X‑n. s‑k³-k-k‑v {‑]-I‑m-c‑w F¬-]-X‑v e£‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w-_-§Ä-¡‑m-b‑n {‑]‑m-W‑n-I-s‑f ]‑n³-X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p `-£‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. G-I-t‑Z-i‑w s‑X‑m-®‑qd‑v e-£‑v t‑¯‑m-f‑w X‑p-d-¶ I‑n-W-d‑p-IÄ D-ï-t‑{‑X. k‑n-b‑m-Z‑v F. I-c‑n‑w F-g‑p-]-X‑v i-Xa‑m-\‑w P-\-§-f‑p‑w I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n X‑p-d-¶ I‑n-W- d‑pIÄ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. h-cÄ-¨-¡‑m-e-s‑¯ `‑q-P-e-\‑n-c-¸‑v {‑I-a‑m-X‑o-X-a‑m-b‑n X‑m-g‑p-¶ A-h-Ø-b‑m-W‑p-Å-X‑v. \‑m-S‑v h-cf‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-S‑n-\‑p‑w \‑m-«‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w EXPERTS TALK (k-k‑y‑, P-´‑p‑, a-\‑p-j‑yP‑mX‑n-IÄ-¡‑m-s‑I‑) Z‑m-l‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. `‑q-P-e-\‑n-c-¸‑v c-ï‑v a‑p-XÂ \‑m-e‑v a‑o-äÀ h-s‑c I‑p-d-ª‑p. \-Z‑n-t‑b‑m-f-§Ä I‑m-ä‑n-s‑â I‑m-X‑n-t‑e‑m-X‑n: I-S-e‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑v ]-d-b-W‑w‑, H-g‑p-I‑n-s‑b-¯‑m³ i-a‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v‑, ]-t‑£ I-g‑n-b‑p-¶‑n-Ã‑, F-¶‑v. A-t‑¸‑mÄ a¬-X-c‑n-IÄ a-c‑p-`‑q-a‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v aÀ- hcÄ¨ AIhpw ]pdhpw ½-c-¯‑n-t‑eÀ-s‑¸-«‑p-I-g‑nª‑p. \-Z‑n-I-f‑nÂ \‑o-s‑c‑m-g‑p-¡‑v \‑n-e-¨-X‑n-\‑mÂ a‑n-\‑n-a‑w ^‑v-t‑f‑m D-ï‑m-I‑p-¶‑n-Ã. a‑n-\‑n-a‑w ^‑v-t‑f‑m \‑n-e-¨‑mÂ ]‑n-s‑¶ \-Z‑n- \mw F´v ]Tn¨p? b‑p-s‑S a-c-W-a-W‑n-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y a‑p-g-¡-a‑m-b‑n. \‑m-e‑mb‑n-c‑w hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑v tUm. h-n. k-p`-mjv N{μt-_mkv a‑p³-]‑v k-c-k‑z-X‑n-\-Z‑n C-Ã‑m-X‑m-bt‑¸‑mÄ s‑I‑m-ï‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑v l‑m-c-¸‑v k‑w- M.A, B.Ed. LLB, MBA, MSW, Phd k‑v-I‑m-c-s‑¯-¡‑qS‑n-b‑m-W‑v. ^‑v-t‑f‑m I‑p-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I-S-e‑n-s‑e D-¸‑p-s‑h-Å‑w [email protected] I-c-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-b-d‑p‑w. a-®‑nÂ I-e-c‑p-¶ D-¸‑p-s‑h-Å-¯‑ns‑e s‑h-Å‑w B-h‑n-b‑m-b‑p‑w D‑uÀ-¶‑n-d-§‑n-b‑p‑w t‑]‑m-I‑pI-b‑p‑w D-¸‑v a-®‑nÂ A-h-t‑i-j‑n-¨‑v a-®‑n-s‑\ D‑u-j-c-a‑m¡‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. a-c‑p-hÂ-¡-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â ]-S-s‑b‑m- Thomas ¶‑v‑, a‑q-¶‑p-d‑m-ï‑p-IÄ-¡‑v a‑p³-]‑v H-c‑p t‑X‑m-a-k‑v ^‑p-ÅÀ ( c‑p¡-§Ä. I-c-b‑n-s‑e `‑q-P-e‑w I‑p-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ D-Å s‑h-Å ¯‑nÂ C-c‑p-¼‑v‑, Fuler:1654-1734‑ A )‑, I‑n-WÀ h-ä‑p‑w h-s‑c \-½-s‑f‑m-c‑n-¡-e‑p‑w ^‑v-f‑q-s‑s‑d-U‑v‑, t‑¢‑m-s‑s‑d-U‑v F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-s‑S A-f-h‑v I‑q-S‑p‑w. s‑h-Å-¯‑n-s‑â a‑q-e‑y‑w A-d‑n-b‑n-Ã F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-h-¨‑p. t‑I-c-f‑w h-cÄ-¨-b‑v-¡‑p‑w t‑h-\-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S h-d‑p-X‑nIÄ-¡‑p‑w h‑n-c‑p-s‑¶‑m-c‑p- C-¶‑v‑, \‑m-k-b‑n-s‑e P-b‑n‑w-k‑v l‑m³-s‑k-\‑p‑w (James Hansen‑) ]-X‑n- ¡‑n-b \‑m-S‑m-W‑v. a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p I‑m-c‑y‑w I‑q-S‑n ]-d-ª‑n-«‑v A-X‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑m‑w. s‑\‑m-¶‑w-K k‑w-L-h‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p‑, H-c‑p e£-¯‑n ]-X‑n-\-©‑m-b‑n-c‑w hÀ- h-cÄ-¨‑, s‑h-Ås‑¸‑m-¡‑w‑, k‑p-\‑m-a‑n‑, `‑q-I-¼‑w‑, X‑p-S-§‑n-b-h-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-I‑rX‑n- j-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑nÂ `‑q-a‑n A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¡‑p-¶ G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b N‑q-S‑v C-X‑m b‑p-s‑S {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-§-f‑m-W‑v. A-h Z‑p-c-´-h‑p‑w s‑s‑Z-ht‑I‑m-]-h‑p-s‑a‑m-¶‑p-a-Ã. I-½‑p-¶‑nÂ. k‑q-c‑y-\‑p‑w `‑q-a‑n-¡‑p‑w h‑m-b‑p-h‑n-\‑p‑w s‑h-Å-¯‑n-\‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ N-e-\-a‑p-Å‑n-S- c-ï‑v t‑¥-j‑yÂ ]‑n-c‑n-U‑p-IÄ (l‑n-a-b‑p-K-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑ne‑p-Å \‑mÂ-¸- t‑¯‑m-f‑w I‑m-e‑w C-¯-c‑w {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-§-f‑p‑w D-ï‑m-I‑p‑w; D-ï‑m-I‑p-I-b‑p‑w ¯-©‑m-b‑n-c‑w hÀ-j‑w a‑p³-]‑p‑w `‑q-a‑n C-X‑p t‑]‑m-s‑e N‑q-S‑m-b‑n. A-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑h-W‑w. N-e-\-a‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]‑n-s‑¶-§-s‑\ P‑o-hP‑m-X‑n-IÄ? a‑m-{‑X-a-Ã I-SÂ-\‑n-c-¸‑v 6-9 a‑o-äÀ D-bÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-s‑£‑, A-¶-s‑¯ N‑q-S‑v I‑q-S-e‑nÂ F-¡‑m-e-h‑p‑w a-g a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w s‑h-b‑nÂ a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w ]-ä‑n-Ã-t‑Ã‑m. a-\‑pj‑y-c‑p-s‑S C-S-s‑]-S-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S Ø‑m-\‑w I‑p-d-h‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C-¶‑m-I-s‑« C-h-s‑b-Ã‑m‑w a‑m-d‑n a‑m-d‑n h-t‑c-ï-X‑p-ï‑v. t‑h-\Â-¡‑m-e-§-f‑n-e‑m-W‑v ]‑p-j‑v- a-\‑p-j‑y-c‑p-s‑S h‑n-I-e-a‑m-b h‑n-I-k-\ C-S-s‑]S-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑s‑i-e‑n-I-f‑p- ]§Ä [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-c‑n-b‑p-¶-X‑v. h‑r-£-e-X‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨-b‑v-¡‑p‑w a‑m-W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\ I‑m-c-W §Ä. B-t‑c‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑m³? F-´‑v s‑N-¿‑m³? B-c‑v \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¸‑n-\‑p-a‑p-Å c‑q-]-s‑¸-S-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w t‑h-\-e‑nÂ \-S-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. a-®‑n- s‑N-¿‑p‑w? F-Ã‑m-h-c‑p‑w H‑m-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. \‑nÀ-¯‑m-¯ h‑n-I-k\ ]-S-t‑b‑m-«‑w. s‑e c‑m-k-b‑u-K‑n-I§Ä t‑hÀ-]‑n-c‑n-ª‑v a-®‑v i‑p-²-a‑m-I‑m-\‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ B-c‑v ]‑n-S‑n-¨‑p-s‑I-«‑p‑w C‑u h‑n-I-e h‑n-I k-\ t‑]-¡‑q-¯‑p-I-s‑f? a-g-s‑h-Å‑w I-c‑p-X‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v k-Ö-a‑m-I‑m-\‑p‑w t‑h-\Â B-hi‑y-a‑m-W‑v. i‑n- B-b‑n-c-¯‑n F-g‑p-¶‑q-d‑p-I-f‑nÂ B-h‑n-b-{‑´‑w I-ï‑p-]‑nS‑n-¨-t‑X‑m-s‑S-b‑m-W‑v i‑n-c-I‑m-e-¯‑v s‑]‑m-g‑n-b‑p-¶ C-e-I-f‑p‑w N‑n-ÃI-f‑p‑w s‑]‑m-S‑n-ª‑v a-®‑n-s‑e a-\‑p-j‑yÀ IÂ-¡-c‑n h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b‑n D-]‑t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p-X‑p-S-§‑n-b-X‑v. B-t‑K‑m- s‑N-S‑n-IÄ-¡‑v h-f-a‑m-I‑m-\‑p‑w t‑h-\Â t‑h-W‑w. t‑h-\-e‑nÂ s‑]‑m-S‑n-b‑p-¶ f-X‑m-]-\-¯‑n-\‑p-Å a-\‑pj‑y-k‑w-`‑m-h-\-b‑p-s‑S B-Z‑y ]-¦‑v. s‑]-t‑{‑S‑m-f‑n-b‑w C-e-I-f‑p‑w a-c¨‑n-Ã-I-f‑p‑w a-®‑p-a‑m-b‑n t‑NÀ-¶‑v B-Z‑y a-g-I-f‑nÂ s‑N-d‑n-b DÂ-¸-¶§Ä I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ I-Y-b‑p-s‑S t‑h-K-X I‑q-S‑p-I-b‑mb‑n. `‑q-a‑n-¡‑v a¬-I-«-I-f‑m-b‑n a‑m-d‑p‑w. C-¯-c‑w a¬-I-«-I-f‑n-s‑e-Ã‑m‑w-I‑q-S‑n t‑I‑m-S‑n-¡-W- N‑q-S‑v I‑q-S‑p-¶‑p. I‑mÀ-_¬ N-I-s‑¯-b‑p‑w P-e-N-I-s‑¯-b‑p‑w \‑n-e-\‑nÀ-¯‑n- ¡‑n-\‑v e‑n-äÀ a-g-s‑b I-c‑p-X‑n-h-b‑v-¡‑m-\‑p‑w X‑p-SÀ-¶‑p-Å t‑h-\-e‑nÂ a-®‑n-\‑p‑w b‑n-c‑p-¶ I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑p‑w {‑]-I‑rX‑n-Z-¯ P-e-t‑{‑k‑m-X-k‑p-I-f‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-X‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ k-k‑y-§Ä-¡‑p‑w \ÂI‑m-\‑p-a‑m-h‑p‑w. a-®‑m-W‑v G-ä-h‑p‑w h-e‑n-b a-g-k‑w-`- `‑q-a‑n-b‑ps‑S-b‑p‑w A-´-c‑o-£-¯‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w X‑m-f-h‑p‑w {‑I-a-h‑p‑w s‑X-ä‑n. a-e‑n-\‑o- c-W‑n. ]‑p-X‑n-b-b‑n-\‑w a‑pÄ-s‑¨-S‑n-IÄ D-ï‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑p‑w ]‑q-¡‑p ¶-X‑p‑w t‑h- I-c-W‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ \‑m-i-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-K-X ]‑n-s‑¶-b‑p‑w hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p. \Â-¡‑m-e-¯‑m-W‑v. A-s‑X; t‑h-\-e‑p‑w a-g-b‑p‑w a-ª‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w a‑m-d‑n-a‑m-d‑n A-X‑v B-t‑K‑m-f-I-Y. h-t‑¶ a-X‑n-b‑m-I‑q. Live with flood, Live with drought, Live with Tsunami C-h‑n-s‑S t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ‑, a-g-b‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑nÂ‑, a¬-k‑qW‑n-s‑â I-h‑m-S-¯‑nÂ‑, -s‑h-Å-s‑¸‑m-¡-t‑¯‑ms‑S‑m-¸‑w‑, h-cÄ-¨-t‑b‑m-s‑S‑m-¸‑w‑, k‑p-\‑m-a‑n-s‑¡‑m-¸‑w P‑o- \‑q-ä‑n-]-X‑n-\-©‑v hÀ-j-§Ä-¡‑n-¸‑p-d‑w a-g a‑m-d‑n-b-X‑v \‑m‑w A-\‑p-`-h‑n-¨‑p. h‑n¡‑p-I; {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-{‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-§-s‑f a-\-k‑n-e‑m-¡‑n‑, A-d‑n-ª‑v‑, P‑o-h‑n-¡‑p-I.

Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 5 {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b-b‑p‑w‑, {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S X‑m-f-s‑¯-b‑p‑w {I-as‑¯-b‑p‑w a-\-k‑n- e‑m-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-I-k-\-c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑p-s‑¶‑mc‑p-¡-§-f‑p‑w X-b‑m-s‑d-S‑p-¸‑p-I-f‑p‑w ACTIVITIES OF WWF-INDIA P‑o-h‑n-X-s‑s‑i-e‑n-I-f‑p‑w c‑q-]s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-s‑b-¶-X‑m-W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\‑w. k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n- I-h‑n-Z‑y‑m ]c‑nl‑m-c‑w a‑m-{‑X‑w t‑X-S‑n-b k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§-s‑f-Ã‑m‑w \-i‑n-¨‑v a-®- KERALA STATE OFFICE S‑n-ª‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¶-X‑n-\‑v N-c‑n-{‑X‑w k‑m-£‑n. C-\‑n F-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w a-g e-`‑n-¨‑m-e‑p‑w P-e £‑m-a‑w ]-c‑n-l-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑n-Ã-s‑b-¶‑v t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-t‑e-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ a-g Urja Kiran 2017 h‑o-g‑p-¶ `‑q-{‑]-t‑Z-i-§-f‑m-b t‑a-L‑m-e-b-b‑n-s‑e a‑u-k‑n³-d‑m-a‑p‑w (Maswynram‑) A-k-a‑n-s‑e N‑n-d‑m-]‑p-©‑n-b‑p‑w \-t‑½‑m-S‑v ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. i-à-a‑m-b a-g-b‑nÂ a-®‑n-s‑â L-S\-b‑p‑w P-e‑m-K‑n-c-W-t‑i-j‑n-b‑p‑w \-ã-s‑¸-«-X‑n-\‑mÂ a-g a‑md‑n- b‑mÂ S‑m-¦À s‑h-Å-a‑m-W‑v B-i-b‑w F-¶-X‑m-W‑v A-h‑nS‑p-s‑¯ Ø‑n-X‑n. A-t‑¸‑mÄ F-{‑X a-g e-`‑n-¨‑p F-¶-X-Ã A-h-s‑b {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p‑w a-\‑p-j‑y- c‑p‑w F-§-s‑\ s‑s‑I-I‑m-c‑y‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v \‑n-e-\‑nÂ-¸‑n-\‑v A-S‑n- Ø‑m-\‑w. D-Åt‑¸‑mÄ I-c‑p-X‑p-I. F-¦‑nÂ C-Ã‑m-¯-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑n-Ã. h‑o-ï‑p‑w t‑I-c-f‑w: h-\‑w‑, a-®‑v‑, a-g‑, P-e‑w h‑n-k‑v-X‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S F-g‑p-]-X‑v i-X-a‑m-\-h‑p‑w h-\-a‑m-b‑nc‑p-¶ t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ C-t‑¸‑mÄ h-\‑w ]-¯‑v i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑v X‑m-s‑g a‑m-{‑X‑w. ¹‑m-t‑â-j-\‑p-IÄ-I‑q- Urja Kiran, the Energy Conservation Awareness Campaign s‑S I‑q-«‑n I-W-s‑¡‑m¸‑n-¡‑p‑w. I-S-e‑m-k‑n-e‑p-ï‑v; `‑q-a‑n-b‑n-e‑n-Ã. \-Ã B-h‑m-k (ECAC) of Energy Management Centre, Govt. of Kerala h‑y-h-Ø‑m-]-c‑n-]‑m-e-\-¯‑n-\‑v B-s‑I h‑n-k‑v-X‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S 33 i-X-a‑m-\‑w h-\‑w was held in Vaniyamkulam Gramapanchayat falling t‑h-W‑w. t‑I-c-f-¯‑nÂ s‑]-¿‑p-¶-X‑v ]À-Æ-X-P-\‑y a-g-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v (Orographic under Shornur Constituency on 2nd March 2017. Seventy rainfall‑) I‑m-e‑m h-Ø‑m i‑m-k‑v-{‑X-Ú-\‑m-b I‑q-¸¬ (Wladimir Koppen: 1846-1940‑) hÀ-K‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. I-S-e‑n-s‑e s‑h-Å‑w \‑o-c‑m h‑n-b‑m-b‑n women from different Kudumbasree units participated I‑m-ä‑n-s‑â k-l‑m-b-¯‑mÂ X‑n-c-Ý‑o-\-Z‑n-i-b‑nÂ k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑n-g- in the programme. The event was inaugurated by ¡‑v ]-Ý‑n-a-L-«-a‑p-Å-X‑n-\‑mÂ A-t‑X Z‑n-i-b‑nÂ t‑]‑m-I‑m-\‑m-I‑m-s‑X e‑w-_ Smt. M.P. Priya, President of the Gramapanchayat. Sri. Z‑n-i-b‑nÂ a‑p-If‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑]‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. a-e-\‑n-c-I-f‑n-s‑e h‑r-£-e-X‑m-Z‑n-I-f‑nÂ A.K.Sivakumar, Senior Education Officer, WWF-India, X-«‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ t‑h-K-¯‑nÂ X-W‑p-¯‑v \-Ã a-g e-`‑n-¡‑p ¶‑p. a-c-a‑n-s‑Ã- Sri. Murukan Pareparambil, Resource Person of EMC, and ¦‑n-e‑p‑w a-g-I‑n-«‑p‑w F-¶‑v C-\‑n B-c‑p‑w ]-d-bc‑p-X‑v. a-c-a‑p-t‑ïÂ a-g I‑q-S‑p‑w. Sri. P.P.Krishnan, Lecturer, Electronics & Communication A-t‑¸‑mÄ I-S-e‑nÂ a-c-s‑a-h‑n-s‑S? a-g-b‑p-ï-t‑Ã‑m? i-c‑n-b‑m-W‑v; \‑m-«‑nÂ Dept., Victory ITI, Edappal led the sessions. I‑m-S‑v I‑p-d-ª‑mÂ I-S-e‑nÂ a-g I‑qS‑p‑w. I‑mÀ-_¬ U-t‑b‑m-I‑v-s‑s‑k-U‑v‑, I‑mÀ-_¬ t‑a‑m-t‑W‑m I‑v-s‑s‑k-U‑v F-¶‑n-h A-´-c‑o-£-¯‑nÂ‑, {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n- Landscape Visit with Mr. Sudhir Vyas, Member, Board ¨‑v I-c`‑m-K-§-f‑nÂ‑, hÀ-²‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-´-c‑o-£-aÀ-±-h‑p‑w hÀ-²‑n-¡‑p‑w. of Trustees, WWF-India X‑m-c-X-t‑a‑y-\ aÀ-±‑w I‑p-d-h‑m-b I-S-e‑n-s‑â a‑p-IÄ ]-c-¸‑n-t‑e-¡‑v \‑o-c‑m-h‑n Mr. Sudhir Vyas, IFS, visited the Western Ghats Nilgiris k-©-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ k‑m-l-N-c‑ya‑p-ï‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑mÂ I-c-b‑nÂ a-g I‑p-d-b‑p‑w. Landscape with his family from 6-10 April 2017. Mr. Tiju I-c-b‑nÂ a-c§Ä I‑p-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I-S-e‑nÂ a-g I‑q-S‑p-¶‑p-s‑h-¶-X‑v \-Ã \‑n-c‑o-£-W-a‑m-W‑v. Thomas from the WGNL Team and the State Director and Senior Education Officer from the State Office H-c‑p s‑l-ÎÀ h-\‑w a‑p-¸-X‑n-\‑m-b‑n-c‑w L-\ I‑n.a‑o-äÀ a-g-s‑b DÄ-s‑¡‑m- accompanied Mr. Vyas on his visit and made all logistics Å‑p‑w. H-c‑p s‑l-ÎÀ h-bÂ a‑q-¶‑v e-£‑w e‑n-ä-d‑p‑w. I‑p-¶‑p-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-h‑p-I-f‑p‑w h-e‑n-b P-e-k‑w-`-c-W‑n I-f‑m-W‑v. "I‑m-h‑v X‑o-ï-s‑Ã a-¡-s‑f‑, I‑p-S‑n-s‑h-Å‑w a‑p-«‑p‑w' F-¶‑v a‑p-¯-È‑n-a‑mÀ ]-t‑ï ]-d-ª‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. "\‑y‑q-P-\‑n‑'Â F-´‑v a‑p-¯-È‑n-¡-Y-b‑p‑w ]-g-s‑a‑m-g‑n-b‑p‑w‑! C-¶-s‑¯ a‑p-¯-È‑n-a‑m-c‑p‑w X‑n-c-¡‑n-e‑m-W‑v. I‑p-«‑n-IÄ H‑m-S‑p-I-b‑p-a‑m-W‑v. F-g‑p-]-X‑p-IÄ a‑p-XÂ a-e-b‑m-f‑n-IÄ [‑m-c‑m-f-a‑m-b‑n h‑n-t‑Z-i-§-f‑nÂ t‑]‑m-b‑n \-Ã I‑m-i‑p-ï‑m-¡‑n. `‑q-h‑n-\‑n-t‑b‑m-K-{‑I-a-§-s‑f A-«‑n-a-d‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v d-_- d‑pÄ-s‑¸ s‑S-b‑p-Å G-I-h‑n-f-IÄ c‑w-K-{‑]-t‑h-i‑w s‑N-b‑v-X-X‑p‑w B I‑m-e- b-f-h‑nÂ X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. a-®‑v-P-e s‑s‑P-h-k‑w-c £-W‑w k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n \-S-¶‑n-c‑p-¶ _-l‑p-h‑n-f {‑I-a §Ä G-I-h‑n-f-IÄ-¡‑p‑w \‑m-W‑y-h‑n-f-IÄ-¡‑p‑w h-g‑n-a‑m-d‑n b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g a-c‑p-hÂ-¡-c-W ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ-¡‑v X‑p-S-¡‑w I‑p-d‑n ¨‑p-I- g‑n-ª‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. ]-Ý‑n-a-L-«‑w s‑s‑I-t‑b-ä-¡‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-ä-¡‑m-s‑c-b‑p‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v \‑n-d-ª‑p \‑m-«‑n-s‑e s‑I-«‑nS-c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w h‑n-I-k-\ ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-«‑n-e‑p‑w B-c‑w `‑n-¨‑p. X‑p-SÀ-¶‑n-t‑§‑m-«‑v B-ï‑p-t‑X‑m-d‑p‑w ]‑qÀ-h‑m-[‑n-I‑w arrangements for his travel, visits and accommodation. It `‑w-K‑n b‑m-b‑n I‑m-S‑v s‑h-f‑p-¸‑n-¨‑p-h-c‑p-¶‑p. C-X‑n-s‑\-Ã‑m‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b‑, D-t‑Z‑y‑m- was a really good learning and sharing experience. Mr. K-Ø‑, k‑m-a‑q-Z‑m-b‑n-I k-l‑m-b-§-f‑p‑w k‑w-c-£-W §-f‑p‑w I‑q-«‑p-ï‑v. C-S- Sivakumar, Senior Education Officer of the State Office, \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S k-l‑m-b-k-l-I-c-W‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ I‑m-«‑nÂ Ø‑n-c- being an expert birder too, could share a lot of information X‑m-a-k-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯-hÀ-¡‑p‑w A-h‑n-s‑S d‑n-t‑k‑mÀ-«‑p‑w s‑I-«‑n-S-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n. h-¶‑v with Mr. Vyas and had a great time of interaction. sighting h-¶‑v D-j‑v W-t‑a-J-e‑m a-g-¡‑m-S‑p-IÄ (Tropical Rain Forest) C-e-s‑]‑m of the Ceylon Frogmouth at Thattekad was the highlight of g‑n-b‑p‑w I‑m-S‑p-I-f‑m-¡‑n (Decidous Forest) \‑m‑w `‑w-K‑n-b‑m-b‑n a‑m-ä‑n. I‑m-S‑v F-¶ B-h‑m-k-h‑y-h-Ø-b‑v-¡‑v a‑m-ä‑w k‑w-`h‑n-¨-t‑¸‑mÄ a-b‑n-e‑p‑w ]‑p-e‑n-b‑p‑w the visit. B-\-b‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w \‑m-«‑n-t‑e ¡‑v C-d-§‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n. I‑m-S‑v I-b-d‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑p‑w I‑p- Session on Birdwatching at Pattambi College d-b‑p-¶X‑n-\‑p-a-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v a-c‑p-hÂ-¡-c-W-t‑h-K-X-b‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-¶‑p. A-§-s‑\ a-e-\‑m-S‑v i-c‑n-b‑m-b‑n. The Senior Education Officer was invited to provide a (XpScpw) session on “Birdwatching and documentation” at Govt.

6 / Mruthika/ March-April 2017 Forests & Water Campaign As part of our Volunteer Engagement Programme (VEP), Kerala State Office conducted an activity based sensitization programme on the theme “Forests & Water” through a workshop and rally on 21st and 22nd March 2017, commemorating World Forestry Day and World Water Day at Peet Memorial Training College, Mavelikara. The workshop was inaugurated by Smt. Haritha Babu, Member of Alappuzha District Panchayat. An orientation on the importance of forests and water was given on 21st March to the 40 Teacher Trainees of the college by Sri. Renjan Mathew Varghese and A.K.Sivakumar. Smt. Haritha released the poster on “Water Conservation and Forests of Kerala”. After the morning session, the participants were asked to prepare the required collaterals for conducting the public rally on the next day, 22nd March. They made around 50 placards and posters which were very attractive and carried messages to sensitize the public. On 22nd, Dr. Gibby George, Principal of the College flagged off the rally College, Pattambi. The session was organized on 2nd at 9.30am from the college. The rally passed through major March in the forenoon session at the College and around junctions and bus stops covering a distance of around 80 students of the Nature Club attended the session. 3 kms. It was well appreciated by the public and all the Teachers of the college. Completion of Bird Atlas The Volunteer team of WWF-India completed the dry season data collection for the preparation of Trivandrum Bird Atlas by 13th March 2017. It was a 60 days long bird documentation process in the non-forest areas of Thiruvananthapuram district covering preselected 158 sampling sites. With this we have completed both the wet and dry seasons. It was an intensive work involving around 20 Volunteers covering the entire district. World Sparrow Day

WWF Exhibition Stall in University College

WWF-India, Kerala State Office conducted the third yearly Sparrow Survey in Thiruvananthapuram in connection with World Sparrow Day 2017. Our volunteers and staff covered 15 sites this time and found a slight decline in the Kerala State Office put up our exhibition stall as part of the 5 total population of the small bird and a population shift day exhibition at University College, Thiruvananthapuram from City to coastal belt. The total number fell to 398 from in connection with the Sesquicentennial (1866-2016) from the previous year’s 411. The findings were shared with the 22nd to 25th March 2017 in the college campus. Mr. Harish media and they covered it very well, alerting public on the Kumar, Administrative Assistant took the lead in putting loss of our urban biodiversity. up the exhibition stall with the support of other volunteers.

Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 7 Earth Hour 2017 function at Shanghumugham Beach, the participants were enticed with very soft instrumental music by the team The Capital City Thiruvananthapuram also joined in Earth ‘Fusion Music’ conducted by Mr. Kunjumon Thomas and Hour with many impactful activities extending along the team. The Switch Off and Candle Light Vigil was led by full day on 25th March from 6.30am to night 9.30am. dignitaries including Ms. Padma Mahanti IFS, Director, Earth Hour in Thiruvananthapuram is led by WWF in Dept. of Environment and Climate Change, Govt. of Kerala, partnership with Dept. of Environment and Climate Sri. Dhareshan Unnithan, Director, Energy Management Change, Energy Management Centre, NIMS, KSEB Limited, Centre, Govt. of Kerala, Dr. C. Bhaskaran, Member, WWF- DTPC Thiruvananthapuram, Indus Cycling Embassy and India State Advisory Board, and many others. A large crowd Club FM. The Earth Hour day’s activities kicked off with joined in the candle light vigil, mainly City residents who the Cyclothon organized from Manaveeyam Veedhi under had come to the beach to enjoy the evening time. the initiative of Indus Cycling Embassy. Around 60 cyclists, mainly youngsters, took part in the cycle rally starting Eco-Trail at Pathiramanal Island of Vembanad Lake Members of Green Valley Nature Club from Puthuppally had a visit to Pathiramanal Island of Vembanad Lake on 29th April 2017. Mr.Shibu Bhaskar, renowned Naturalist, interacted with them on the history, biodiversity and threats of the Island. They also did a cleanup drive in the Island collecting a big heap of plastic bottles, carry bags and liquor bottles. The trail concluded with another interactive session on Eco-friendly Lifestyle by Sri. A.K.Sivakumar, Senior Education Officer. Sunday Bird Walk from Manaveeyam Veedhi and covering Vellayambalam - Kawdiar and back. The parallel activity was the Walkathon organized for the early morning walkers in the Museum & Zoo Compound. In support of Earth Hour, the walkers, around 300 plus including senior students, middle aged, youngsters and children, put on the “I Support Earth Hour” pledge sticker on their t-shirts. They were also engaged in interactive games on the theme of “Do’s and Don’ts on Energy Conservation and Sustainable Lifestyles”. Around 30 students had the opportunity to take part in the Painting, Poster Design and Story Writing Competition organized as part of Earth Hour on the theme of ‘Switch Off + Switch The regular monthly birding programme of Kerala State to Renewable Energy’ at the Museum Auditorium. Justice Office was held at Punchakkari wetlands in the outskirts P. Sathasivam, Hon’ble Governor of Kerala has requested of Thiruvananthapuram City on 30th April 2017. all people of Kerala to observe Earth Hour and has offered Eighteen bird enthusiasts attended the bird watching his full support to the Earth Hour campaign with the programme and the team spotted around 55 species of Switch Off in Kerala Raj Bhavan. In the evening main birds including migratory ones. Along with watching birds and their features, it was a chance for the participants to see, experience and understand the values and services of wetlands also. Few of them purchased farm fresh agricultural products directly from the local farmers.

EDITORIAL BOARD

Mr. G. Vijaya Raghavan Mr. Renjan Mathew Varghese Mr. A.K. Sivakumar

Published by WWF-India, Kerala State Office, Vanchiyoor P.O., Thiruvananthapuram – 695035 Phone: 0471-2302265, email: [email protected], Web: wwfindia.org Computer Graphics: Soft and Soft, Sasthamangalam, Phone: 9447451314, Printed at: New Multi Offset,vpm T

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I-W‑p-¶‑nÂ h-cÄ-¨-b‑p‑w P-e-£‑m-ah‑p‑w I-ï‑m-e‑p‑w ¡-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â t‑X‑m-X‑v I‑q-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. a-®‑nÂ t‑I‑m-S‑n-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v X‑p-SÀ-¶‑v h-c‑p-¶ a-g B-s‑c-¦‑n-e‑p‑w I-c‑p X‑p-¶‑p-t‑ï‑m? H-c‑p s‑N-d‑p h‑n-`‑m-K- _‑m-Î‑o-c‑n-bb‑p‑w P‑o-h‑m-W‑p-¡-f‑p‑w P‑o-h‑n-¨‑mÂ a‑m-{‑X-t‑a a-®‑n-\‑v P‑o-h\‑p- ¯‑n-s‑â BÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w Z‑p-c‑m-{‑K-l-§Ä-¡‑p‑w A-X‑y‑m-{‑K-l-§Ä-¡‑p‑w t‑h-ï‑n ï‑m-I‑p. P‑o-h-\‑n-Ã‑m-¯ a-®‑nÂ s‑h-Å‑w t‑i-J-c‑n-¡s‑¸-S‑p-I-b‑p-a‑n-Ã. a-®‑v‑, `‑q-a‑n-s‑b I‑o-g‑v-t‑aÂ a-d‑n-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ _-l‑p-`‑q-c‑n-]-£‑w N-X‑n¡-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p. a-c‑w (C-e-IÄ‑, N‑n-Ã-IÄ‑)‑, s‑h-Å‑w F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-s‑S ]-c-k‑v-]-c-]‑q-c-I-a‑m-b 1972-Â X‑p-S-§‑n 1976 h-s‑c \‑o-ï‑p-\‑n-¶ s‑k-eâ‑vh‑m-e‑n h-\-k‑w-c-£- {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑n-e‑q s‑S-b‑m-W‑v a-®‑v s‑h-Å‑w I-c‑p-X‑m³ k-Ö-a‑m-I‑p-¶- W-k-a-c‑w \-S-¶‑n-«‑v 41 hÀ-j‑w I-g‑n-ª‑p. 1996-s‑e A-X‑n-c-¸-Å‑n NÀ-¨ X‑v. ss‑Ph‑m‑w-i-a‑n-Ã‑m-¯ a-®‑nÂ F-{‑X a-g s‑]-b‑v-X‑m-e‑p‑w {‑]-t‑X‑yI‑n-¨‑v I-g‑n-ª‑n-«‑v 21 hÀ-j-h‑p‑w. ]-s‑£ I‑m-S‑v s‑h-«‑p-¶ NÀ-¨ \‑m-a‑n-X‑p-h-s‑c I‑m-c‑y-s‑a‑m-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. A-{‑X-X-b‑p‑w _‑m-j‑v-]‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p‑w D‑uÀ-¶‑n-d-§‑n-b‑p‑w H-e‑n- A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¨‑n-«‑n-Ã. t‑e‑m-I‑w h‑n-h‑n-[ D‑uÀ-P-k‑m-X-k‑p IÄ ]-c‑o-£‑n- ¨‑p-t‑]‑m-b‑p‑w \-ã-a‑m-I‑p-I a‑m-X a‑m-W‑v ^-e‑w. ¡‑p-¶‑p. \‑m-a‑m-I-s‑« P-e-s‑s‑h-Z‑y‑p-X ]-²X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S \‑y‑m-b‑m-\‑y‑m-b-§-f‑p- s‑I-«‑n-S-§Ä a‑m-b‑n C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w I‑m-e‑w I-g‑n ¡‑p-¶‑p; h‑n-h‑m-Z-§-f‑nÂ D‑u-f‑n-b‑n-S‑p-¶‑p. \-Ã k‑w-h‑m-Z‑w t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w \-S-¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã. k‑u-t‑c‑mÀ-P‑w‑, _-t‑b‑m-K‑y‑m-k‑v‑, k‑q-c‑y-{‑]-I‑m-i‑w \-Ã t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑I-c-f ¯‑nÂ H‑m-e-b‑p‑w a‑m-e‑n\‑y-¯‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑p-Å h-f‑w‑, D‑uÀ-P‑w F-¶‑n-h-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ \-a‑p-¡‑v NÀ- H‑m-S‑p‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v s‑I-«‑n-S-\‑nÀ-a‑m-W‑w \-S¯‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v D-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. ¨‑m-h‑n-j-b-§-f‑m-W‑v. \-S-¸‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³ X‑m-e‑v-]c‑y-a‑n-Ã. {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä ]-c‑n-l- I‑m-e‑w a‑m-d‑n; \‑m‑w ]-c‑n-j‑v-I‑r-X-c‑m-b‑n. h‑n-I-k-\-NÀ-¨-I-f‑p‑w I‑q-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¸‑p-I c‑n-¨‑p-t‑]‑m-s‑b-¦‑n-t‑e‑m F-¶‑mW‑v t‑]-S‑n. {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑m-W‑v \-½‑p-s‑S A-¶‑w‑, f‑p‑w I‑q-«‑m-b‑v-a-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-c-W‑w \‑m-«‑n-e‑n-d-§‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ A-h-Ø-b‑m-b‑n. h‑n-h‑m-Z-§Ä a‑p-J-a‑p-{‑Z-b‑p‑w. ]-s‑£ I‑p-S‑n-¡‑m³ s‑h-Å-a‑n-Ã. \-¶‑m-b‑n I‑m-ä‑v I-S-¡‑p-¶‑, \-Ã h‑m-b‑p k-©‑m-c-a‑p-Å‑, I‑m-e‑m-hØ-b‑v-¡-\‑p-K‑p-W-a‑m-b‑n N-c‑n-ª t‑aÂ-¡‑q-c-I- 1990-þÂ X‑p-S-§‑n-b ]-©‑m-b-¯‑v h‑n-`-h-`‑q-]-S ]-c‑n-]‑mS‑n‑, P-\-I‑o-b‑m-k‑q- f‑p-Å s‑I-«‑n S-§Ä F-¶ t‑I-c-f‑o-b s‑s‑i-e‑n a‑m-ä‑n t‑I‑m¬-{‑I‑o-ä‑v-s‑S d-k‑v {‑X-W I‑m-e-b-f-h‑nÂ X‑p-S-§‑n-b \‑oÀ-¯S‑m-[‑n-j‑vT‑n-X h‑n-I-k-\-{‑]-hÀ-¯- s‑I-«‑n-S-§Ä h‑y‑m-]-I-a‑m-b‑n. ]-IÂ-¨‑q-S‑n-s‑\ h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑nÂ B-K‑n- \-§Ä F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-s‑S s‑b-Ã‑m‑w `‑m-K-a‑m-b‑n F-Ã‑m ]-©‑m-b-¯‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w c-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶-X‑nÂ s‑S-d-k‑n-s‑â ]-¦‑v h-e‑p-X‑m-W‑v. a‑p-d‑n-I-f‑nÂ N‑q-S‑v P-e-h‑n-` h-`‑q-]-S-a‑pÄ-s‑¸-s‑S X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑n d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ e-`‑y-a‑m-¡‑nb‑n-«‑p- I‑q-S‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ ^‑m³‑, F.k‑n. F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-s‑S D-]-t‑b‑m-K-h‑p‑w A-X‑p-h-g‑n ï‑v. ]-s‑£ F-´‑v ^-e‑w‑! i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑o-b-`‑q-]-S-h‑p‑w d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-I-s‑f‑m-s‑¡ s‑s‑h-Z‑y‑p-X‑n D-]-t‑`‑m-K-h‑p‑w hÀ-²‑n-¨‑p. BÀ-¡‑v t‑h-W‑w? A-X-h‑n-s‑S C-c‑n ¡-s‑«. \‑oÀ-¯-S {‑K‑m-a-k-`-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ t‑NÀ-¶‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. As‑X-Ã‑m‑w H-c‑p h-g‑n-¡‑v t‑]‑m-b‑n. C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \‑nÀ-a‑m-W h‑o-S‑p‑w ^‑v-f‑m-ä‑p‑w t‑j‑m-¸‑n‑w-K‑v a‑m-f‑p-I-f‑p‑w I-e‑y‑m-W-a Þ-]-§-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n {‑]-hÀ ¯-\-§Ä-¡‑v X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v a‑p³-X‑q-¡‑w e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. ]‑n-s‑¶ \‑m-S‑m-s‑I h-fÀ-¶‑p. h-Ã‑m-s‑X h‑n-Ik‑n-¨‑p. c-ï‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑p‑w h‑o-S‑p-I-f‑p-Å-hÀ t‑k-h-\-t‑£-a ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-IÄ-¡‑p‑w. ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n k‑u-l‑r-Z DÂ-¸‑m-Z-\‑w‑, \‑n-c-h-[‑n. 12 e-£‑w h‑o-S‑v H-g‑n-ª‑p-I‑n-S-¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¦‑n-e‑p‑w 3 e £‑w ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n P-e-k‑u-l‑r-Z \‑nÀ-a‑m W-c‑o-X‑n-IÄ‑, P-e-]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n k‑w-c- t‑]À-¡‑v k‑z-´-a‑m-b‑n h‑o-S‑n-Ã. DÂ-¸‑m-Z-\-c‑w-K-¯‑v a‑p-XÂ a‑p-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v £-W‑w F-¶‑n-h s‑b‑m-s‑¡ C-h‑n-s‑S BÀ-¡‑v t‑h-W‑w? i‑p-²-h‑m-b‑p-h‑n-s‑e F-§-s‑\-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p‑w \-a‑p¡-d‑n-b‑n-Ã. BÀ-¡‑p‑w s‑s‑[-c‑y-h‑p-a‑n-Ã. ¦‑nÂ H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P³ ]‑mÀ-e-d‑p-I-f‑p‑w s‑h-Å-¯‑n-\‑m-b‑n h‑m-«À F.S‑n.F-½‑p- A-X‑n-\‑v ]-I-c‑w ]-W‑n-X‑p-\‑n-d-b‑v-¡‑p-¶ C-¯-c‑w s‑I-«‑n-S-§-f‑p‑w \‑nÀ-a‑n-X‑n I-f‑p‑w X‑p-d-¡‑m‑w. I-f‑p‑w C-Ã‑m-X‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑v {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-h‑n-`-h-§-s‑f-b‑m-W‑v. A-h \-b‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v a-c‑p-hÂ-¡-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-K hÀ-²-\-b‑nt‑e-¡‑p‑w. a-g-s‑h-Å k‑w-`-c-W a‑mÀ-K-§-f‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-I-I-f‑p‑w 2000 a‑p-X-s‑e-¦‑n-e‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-ï‑v. k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-Ic‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑m-X‑r-I‑m-]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f‑p‑w h-cÄ-¨ ]-e X-c‑w t‑k‑m-j‑yÂ a‑o-U‑n-b-b‑n-e‑p‑w b‑p-S‑y‑q-_‑n-e‑p-a‑pÄ-s‑¸-s‑S e-`‑y-a‑m-b‑n-«‑p‑w A-h- a-g H-c‑p {‑]-t‑Z-i-¯‑v X‑p-SÀ-¨-b‑m-b‑n a‑q-¶‑v a‑m-k-¡‑m-e‑w a‑m-d‑p-I-b‑p‑w 50 s‑b‑m-¶‑p‑w t‑h-{‑ï-X a‑p-t‑¶-d‑p-¶‑n-Ã. s‑I-«‑n-S-\‑nÀ-a‑mW-N-«-§-f‑nÂ DÄ-s‑¸- i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑n-e-[‑n-I‑w I‑p-d-b‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑mÂ I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø‑m-h-cÄ-¨-b‑m- S‑p-¯‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n-e‑p‑w s‑s‑I-¡‑q e‑n B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶ P-\-{‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-IÄ- s‑b-¶‑v ]-d-b‑m‑w. P-e £‑m-a‑w X‑p-S-§‑p-I-b‑p‑w s‑N-¿‑p‑w. t‑I-c-f-s‑¯ h-cÄ-¨ ¡‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b¡‑mÀ-¡‑p‑w D-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-ØÀ-¡‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑p-Å a-s‑ä‑m-c‑p a‑mÀ-K‑w _‑m-[‑n-X k‑w-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n 2016 H-t‑Î‑m-_À a‑p-XÂ {‑]-J‑y‑m]‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. I‑q-S‑n e-`‑n-¨-X‑v a‑m-{‑X‑w a‑n-¨‑w.

Mruthika/ March-April 2017 / 9 \-½‑p-s‑S a-®‑p‑w s‑h-Å-h‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w a-e‑n-\-a‑m-W‑v. \‑n-a‑nj-t‑´‑m-d‑p‑w a-e‑n- I-c‑p-X‑m‑w {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-s‑b‑, I-c‑p-X-t‑e‑m-s‑S. \-a‑m-I‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v Ø‑n-X‑n. Ø-e I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø(Macro Climate‑) \-a‑p-¡‑v \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑m-\‑m h‑n-Ã. ]-s‑£ H-c‑p {‑]-t‑Z-i-s‑¯ k‑q-£‑v-a-I‑m- (I‑n-WÀ d‑o-N‑mÀ-P‑v‑, a-g-¡‑p-g‑n \‑nÀ-½‑m-W‑w‑, a-g-k‑w-`-c-W‑n F-¶‑n-h-s‑b-¡‑p-d‑n- e‑m-h-Ø (Micro Climate‑) c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ \-a‑p-¡‑v I-g‑n-b‑p‑w. FÂ ¨-d‑n-b‑m³ b‑p-S‑y‑q-_‑nÂ Dr. Subhash chandrabose Kerala rain water harvesting \‑n-t‑\‑m t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å {‑]-X‑n-`‑m-k-§Ä h-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-t‑ï-b‑n-c‑n ¡‑p‑w. C‑u F-¶‑v s‑s‑S-¸‑v s‑N-¿‑p-I. 9847547881 F-¶ t‑^‑m¬ \-¼-c‑n-e‑p‑w haijalam hÀ-j-s‑¯ a¬-k‑q¬ a-g-b‑n-e‑p‑w I‑p-d-h‑p ï‑m-I‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v \‑n-c‑o-£- F-¶ s‑^-b‑v-k‑v-_‑p¡‑v A-¡‑u-ï‑n-e‑p‑w t‑e-J-I-s‑\ _-Ô-s‑¸-S‑m-h‑p-¶-X‑m-W‑v.‑) W‑w. 2016-s‑e h-cÄ-¨ 2000-Â X-s‑¶ \‑n-c‑o-£‑n-¨-X‑m-W‑v. t‑e‑m-I I‑m-e‑m-h Ø‑m h-I‑p-¸‑p‑w \‑m-k-b‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-_‑m-¦‑p‑w a-ä‑v G-P³k‑n-I-f‑p‑w I‑m-e‑m-h- Ø‑m {‑]-h-N-\‑w \-S-¯‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. A-X‑n e‑p-a‑p-ï‑v c-ï‑v e-£‑y‑w. P-\-§- f‑p‑w `-c-W-I‑q-S-§-f‑p‑w B-h i‑y-a‑m-b a‑p-s‑¶‑m-c‑p-¡-§-f‑p‑w \-S-]-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w B-i‑z‑m-k ]-c‑n-]‑m-S‑n-I-f‑p‑w \-S-¸‑m-¡‑m³ t‑h-ï‑n-b‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v H-¶‑v. a-s‑ä‑m- ¶‑v‑, h‑y-h-k‑m-b-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-\‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v. C-X‑m a‑p-¶‑n-e‑p-Å-X‑v {‑]-i‑v-\-§- f‑p-s‑S I‑m-e-a‑m-W‑v; A-X‑n\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p-Å ]T-\-§-f‑p‑w D-]-I-c-W-§-f‑p‑w h‑y-h-k‑m-b k‑m-[‑y-X-I-f‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑m-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-§-s‑\ F ¶‑v B-t‑e‑m-N‑n-¡‑q F-¶ a‑p-¶-d‑n-b‑n-¸‑m-W‑v A-X‑v. I‑m-e‑m h-Ø‑m-h‑y-X‑n-b‑m-\- h‑p‑w B-t‑K‑m-f-X‑m-]-\-h‑p‑w P-e {‑]-X‑n k-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w a‑m-e‑n-\‑y-s‑¸-c‑p-¸-h‑p‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v h-e‑n-b _‑n-k‑n-\-k‑v A-h-k-c-§-f‑m-W‑v. I‑m-e‑m-h-Ø‑m h‑y- X‑nb‑m-\‑w‑, ]-c‑n-Ø‑n-X‑n F-¶‑n-h-b‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« t‑a-J e-I-f‑nÂ ] T-\-§Ä-¡‑p‑w kÀ-s‑h-IÄ-¡‑p‑w t‑e‑m-I-¯‑nt‑e-ä-h‑p‑w I‑q-S‑p-XÂ ]-W‑w \Â-I‑p-¶-X‑v t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-ä‑v Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑m-W‑v. A-X‑n-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v ]‑n-s‑¶ H-c‑p A-h k-c-¯‑n-e‑m-I‑m‑w. H‑m-t‑c‑m {‑]-X‑n-k-Ô‑n-b‑p‑w Z‑p-c-´-h‑p‑w ]-eÀ- ¡‑p‑w B-t‑L‑m-j-a‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v N‑p-c‑p-¡‑w. F-´‑m-b‑m-e‑p‑w h-cÄ-¨-b‑nÂ \‑n-¶‑p‑w \‑m‑w H-¶‑p‑w ]T‑n¡‑p-¶‑n-Ã X-s‑¶. C-Ã‑m-X‑m-I‑p-¶ k‑w-k‑v-I‑m-c-§-f‑p-s‑S N-c‑n-{‑X‑w ]T‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w a‑m-\-h- k-a‑q-l‑w \‑n-k‑w-K-X-b‑n e‑m-W‑v. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n h‑n-`-h-§-f‑p‑w h-\-k-¼-¯‑p‑w P-e‑mÀ-Z t‑a-J-e-I-f‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w I-f-s‑a‑m-g‑n-b‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v. ]‑p-X‑n-b c‑o-X‑nI-f‑p‑w a‑mÀ-K-§-f‑p-s‑a‑m-¶‑p‑w \‑m‑w GÀ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶‑n-Ã. ]-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. h-cÄ-¨-s‑b-b‑p‑w P-e-£‑m-a-¯b‑p‑w \‑m‑w ]-g‑n-]-d-b‑p‑w. h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ k-a-b-§-f‑nÂ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-b‑n-S-§-f‑nÂ h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-f-h‑p-I-f‑nÂ‑, c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑nÂ a-g-b‑p‑w t‑h-\-e‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w a‑m-d‑n-a‑m-d‑n h-¶‑p-s‑I‑m Å-W-s‑a-¶‑m- W‑v \‑m‑w B-{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ a-g-b‑p‑w {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p‑w N-X‑n-¨‑p F-¶‑v ]-d-ª‑p-I-f-b‑p‑w. {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S X‑m-f-a-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑p-Å P‑o-h‑n-X-I- a-h‑p‑w k‑w-c-£‑n-X-c‑o-X‑n-I-f‑p‑w a‑p³-I-c‑p-X-e‑p-I-f‑p‑w C-\‑n-b‑p‑w F-¶‑m-W‑v \‑m‑w s‑s‑I-s‑¡‑m-Å‑p-I? B-c‑p‑w C-S-s‑]-S-c‑p-s‑X-¶‑p‑w {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä A-§-s‑\ X-s‑¶ \‑n-e-\‑nÂ- ¡-s‑«-s‑b-¶‑p-a‑m-W‑v H-c‑p \‑y‑q-\-]-£¯‑n-s‑â X‑m-X‑v-]-c‑y‑w. A-X‑n-e‑m-W‑v A-h-c‑p-s‑S h-fÀ-¨-b‑p‑w h‑n-i‑z‑m-k-h‑p‑w. A-hÀ \‑o-W‑mÄ h‑m-g-s‑«. h-c‑p \-a‑p-¡‑v t‑h-\-e‑p-I-s‑f h-k-´-a‑m-¡‑m‑w. A-h-k‑m-\-h‑m-¡‑v s‑h-Å-¯‑nÂ s‑s‑l-{‑U-P-\‑p‑w H‑m-I‑v-k‑n-P-\‑p-a‑p-s‑ï-¶‑v S‑o-¨À ]-ï‑v ] T‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. i-c‑n-b‑m-W‑v; c-ï‑p‑w t‑NÀ-¯‑mÂ s‑h-Å-a‑m-W‑v. ]-s‑£ A-§-s‑\ s‑h-Å-a‑m-¡‑n \‑m-S‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w \‑m-«‑p-I‑m-c‑p-s‑S-b‑p‑w Z‑m-l-a-I-ä‑m-\‑m-h‑n-s‑Ã-¶ k‑m-a‑q-l‑y-P‑oh‑n-X-i‑m-k‑v-{‑X‑w \‑m‑w ]T‑n-¨‑n-Ã; ]T‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. H-c‑n-©‑v I-\-¯‑nÂ P‑o-h-\‑p-Å a-®‑v k‑z‑m-`‑m-h‑n-I-a‑m-b‑n D-ï‑m I‑m³ (]‑m-d-s‑]‑m-S‑n-¨ ]‑m-d-s‑¸‑m-S‑n-b-Ã‑) B-b‑n-c‑w hÀ-j‑w t‑h-j‑w. a-\‑p-j‑y³ {‑i-a‑n-¨‑mÂ P‑o-h- \‑p-Å H-c‑p a‑n-Ã‑n-a‑o-äÀ a-®‑v t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w I‑r-{‑X‑n-a-a‑m-b‑n D-ï‑m-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑n-Ã. H-c‑p \‑n-a‑n-j‑w \‑n-È-Ð-a‑m-I‑q; {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S aÀ-a-c‑w t‑IÄ-¡‑q. I-¼‑y‑q-«-d‑n-s‑e I‑o t‑_‑m-U‑nÂ s‑s‑I-h‑n-cÂ-¯‑p-¼‑v H-¶-aÀ ¯‑n-b‑mÂ t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑e G-X‑v h‑n-h-c-h‑p‑w h‑n-Ú‑m-\-h‑p‑w a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-s‑a-¶‑v A-l-¦-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ t‑l‑, a‑m-\-h \‑o A-d‑n-b‑p-I: k‑q-c‑y-\‑p‑w h‑m-b‑p-h‑n-\‑p‑w a-®‑n-\‑p‑w s‑h-Å ¯‑n-\‑p‑w a-c-§Ä-¡‑p‑w ]-I-c‑w h-b‑v-¡‑m³ X-e‑v-¡‑m-e‑p‑w \‑n-s‑â s‑s‑I-b‑nÂ H-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. H-c‑p h-cÄ-¨-b‑p-s‑S a‑p-¶‑nÂ t‑¸‑m-e‑p‑w \‑o h-Ã‑m-s‑X ]-X-d‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ _‑m-¡‑n ]-d-b‑m-\‑nÃ. a-®‑p‑w s‑h-Å-h‑p‑w A-¶-h‑p-s‑a-Ã‑m‑w {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S X-\‑v X‑m-b X‑m-f-{‑I-a-¯‑nÂ \‑n-c-h-[‑n {‑]-I‑r-X‑n L-S-I-§-f‑p-s‑S ^-e-a‑m- s‑W-¶‑v X‑n-c‑n-¨-d‑n-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-h-b‑p-s‑S c‑q-]-s‑¸-Se‑nÂ a‑m-\-h-s‑â ]-¦‑v h-f-s‑c s‑N-d‑p-X‑m-s‑W-¶‑v a-\-k‑n-e‑mI‑p‑w. ]-¦‑n-Ã F-¶-X‑m-W‑v I‑q-S‑p-XÂ i-c‑n. F-¶‑mÂ \-i‑n¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-t‑e‑m‑, a‑m-\-h-\‑v a‑m-{‑X-a‑m-W‑v {‑]-[‑m-\ ]-¦‑v. a-g {‑]-I‑r-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S k‑p-I‑r-X‑w I-c‑p-X‑m‑w \-a‑p-¡‑p‑w \‑m-t‑f-¡‑p‑w. t‑h-\-e‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S h-d‑p-X‑n-s‑b h-c‑p-X‑n-b‑n-e‑m-¡‑m³

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