DOCSLIB.ORG

GIPE-002285.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GIPE-002285.Pdf OF THE WORKS OF CAPTAIN SIR RICHARD F. BURTON, VOLUME VII. FIRST FOOTSTEPS 1M EAST AFRICA. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME II. FIRST FOOTSTEPS IN EAST AFRICA OR, AN EXPLORATION OF HARAR BY CAPTAIN SIR RICHARD F. BURTON, K.C.M.G., P.R.G.S., Ltc .. &c., lic. BDITKD BY HIS WIPE, ISABEL BURTON Ql1.tmori4f Gbition. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME II. LONDON: TYLSTON AND EDWARDS. MDCCCXCIV (.AU...,.." """,,,.J Printed for the PahlislMn .. T •• M&CCu P .... .. Sobo _ .. x........: w. CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAPTBR. PAGE. VIII.-'-Ten Days at Harar (COIIIi.....a) 1 IX.-A Ride to Berberah 42 X.-Berberah and its Environs 71 Postscript 94 ApPBNDICBS. I.-Lieutenant Speke's Diary H.-Grammatical Outline and Vocabulary of the Harari Language 149 I H.-Lieutenant Heme's Meteorological 01>- servatioDs • 207 IV.-On Infibulation (OIfIitttd) - 215 V.-Account of Lieutenant Barker's Attempt to reach Harar - 219 INDEX - 243 VOL. 1I. 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME ll. H. H. Ahmad Bin Abi Bakr, Amir of Harar to f- TITLB PAGB. Map of Berberab . to f- P. 1 Costume of HaIaI . to f- 16 House at one of .. Kin's" Cities . 127 Ground plan of ruins • 127 Mala at Jid Ali • 128 Plan of foundation of a Fort - 129 ! I n JUIB E ILl II / I~Gt/~-J " .~ .. J ~:.j • '.A , '- "- ~~- ... --1,- _.- , ' ... '" ' . , . .J ,. ..! '­ ;. ,A,_ - :~~- , , .c. ~~ ....t_ ~ ...._ ~- --;."- " • ~. - __ ~ J..- • , .. , ~ ". -.!. ~- . "', -.... -!. .~ • .~ ft_ ..t! ~_ ~--e..~ - --- " -' , ..1,...- ~ -- --f-6_.~_'-' J_-"- .,.L --"," Z., A~~ -J-. .,J_ J'_ tI~ _. • • . "- " " , , , , ~. ,- ,-, .. ~. ,'. , FIRST FOOTSTEPS IN EAST AFRICA. CHAPTER VIII.-(CDII"'''ued.) TEN DAYS AT HARAR. I NOW proceed to a description of unknown Harar. The ancient capital of Hadiyah, called hy the citizens" Harar Gay,'" by the Somal" Adari," by the Gallas "Adaray," and by the Arabs and ourselves 0 .. Harar,' n lies, according to my dead reckoning, 220 S.W. of, and '75 statute miles from, Zayla-25:t W. of, and 219 miles distant from, Berberah. This would place it in 9° 20' N. lat., and 42° 7' E. long. The thermometer showed an altitude of about 5,500 feet above the level of the sea.' Its site is the slope of a • Thus M. Isenberg (Preface to Amharic Grammar. p. iv.) calls the city Honar or AIvge. 11 .. Haru." is not an uncommODIl&ID.8 in this part of Eastern Africa: according to some. the city is so c:01led from a kind of tree. according to others, from the nIley below iL . 3 I say abcoI : we were compelled to boll our thermome.... at WiIeDsi, not VOIlt".riDg upoD such OperatiOll within the city. VOL. II. 1 2 First Footsteps .. East A/riclS. hill which falls gently from west to east. On the eastern side are cultivated fields; westwards a terraced ridge is laid out in orchards; northwards is a detached eminence covered with tombs; and to the south, the city declines into a low valley bisected by a mountain bum. This irregular positi0'tt is well sheltered from high winds, especially on the northern side, by the range of which Kondura is the lofty apex; hence, as the Persian poet sings of a heaven·favoured city- .. Its heat is not hot, nor its cold, cold." During my short residence the air reminded me of Tuscany. On the afternoon of the 11th January there . was thunder accompanied by rain: frequent showers fell on the 12th, and the moming of the 13th was clear; but as we crossed the mountains, black clouds obscured the heavens. The monsUn is heavy during one summer month; before it begins the crops are planted, and they are reaped in December and January. At other seasons the air is dry, mild, and equable. The province of Hadiyah I is mentioned by Makrizi as one of the seven members of the Zayla Empire,' founded by Arab invaders, who in the 7th century of our ""a conquered and colonized the low tract between the Red Sea and the Highlands. Moslem Harar exer­ cised a pernicious inlluence upon the fortunes of Christian Abyssinia.' J '!be proriDce is eight da,.. by DiDe ill _to with a large army. aDd IIIOIIeJ derived from the trade ill ...... ucbo. 1_ chiefty boilowed from Taki a1-DiD Ahmad biD Ali a1-Makrizi. 2 '!be other sis """' lIat, ArabiDi, Duaro. SharlJah, Bali aDd Danh. 3 A c:iJCUlDlltaDtiaI 8CCOIIIIt of the Jihad or Mollem Cl'1IOadeo is. I am told. g;.a ill the Path a1-H._b anfortJmatdy a rare -on. wbich .... _ procarabIe at Zanri..... '!be Amir of Harar bad bat ODe -. and the other is to be foaacJ as Mocba or Hadaydab. VlII.-T... lJtJys III H.tIr. 3 The allegiance claimed by the Ethiopian Emperors from the Ade1-the Dankali and ancient Somal-was evaded at a remote period, and the intractable Moslems were propitiated with rich presents, when they thought proper to visit the Christian court. The Ahys<;inians supplied the Adel with slaves, the latter returned the value in rock-salt, commercial intercourse united their interests, and from war resulted injury to both people. Nevertheless the fanatic lo,",landers, propense to pillage and proselytizing, burned the Christian churches, mas­ sacred the infidels, and tortured the priests, until they provoked a blood feud of uncommon asperity. In the '4th century (A.O. 1312-1342) Amda Sion, Emperor of Ethiopia, taunted by Amano, King of Haeliyah, as a monarch fit only to take care of women, overran and plundered the Lowlands from Tegulet to the Red Sea. The Amharas were commanded to spare nothing that drew the hreath of life: to ful6l a prophecy which foretold the fall of AI.Islam, they perpetrated every kind of enormity. Peace followed the death of Amda Sion. In the reign of Zan Yakub' (A.o. 1434-1468), the lIame of war was again fanned in Hadiyah by a Zayla princess who was slighted by the Ethiopian monarch on account of the length of her foreteeth: the hostilities which ensued were not, however, of an important nature. 1keda Mariam, the next occupant of the throne, passed his life in a constant struggle for supremacy over the Adel: OIl his death·bed he caused himself to be so placed that his face looked towards those lowlands, upon whose subjuga. tion the energies of ten years had been vainly expended. At the close of the 15th century, Mahfuz, a bigoted Moslem, inflicted a deadly blow upon Abyssinia. I This piDee baiJt -Debra --.•• the -HiDci GIory.-. _ cIedicatod to the Vup. Mary" GaDdor. 1-2 First Footsteps in East Af,ica. Vowing that he would annually spend the forty days of Lent amongst his infidel neighbours, when, weakened by rigorous fasts, they were less capable of bearing arms, for thirty successive years he burned churches aud monasteries, slew without mercy every male that fell in his way, and driving off the women and children, he sold some to strange slavers, and presented others to the Sharifs of Meccah. He bought over Za Salasah, commander in chief of the 1!:mperor's bod} guard, and caused the assassination of Alexander (A.D. 1+78-1495) at the ancient capital Tegulet. Naud, the successor, obtained some transient advantages over the Moslems. During the earlier reign of the next emperor, David If 1. son of Na'ud,' who being but eleven years old when called to the throne, was placed under the guardianship of his mother the Iteghe Helena, new combatants and new instruments of warfare appeared on both sides of the field. After the conquest of Egypt and Arabia by Selim I. (A. D. 1516)' the caravans of Abyssinian pilgrims travelling to Jerusalem were attacked, the old were butchered and the young were swept into slavery. Many Arabian merchants lied from Turkish violence and injustice, to the opposite coast of Africa, whereupon the Ottomans took possession from Aden of Zayla, and not only laid the Indian trade under heavy contributions by means of their war.galleys, but threatened the total destruction of Abyssinia. They aided ami encouraged Mahfuz to continue his depredations, whilst the Sharif of Meccah gave him command of Zayla, the key of the • A priDce of maar title.; be is g........ny ca1Jed Waaag Saggad. " feared amongst the liooo," became be spent the lattu yean of his Jjfe ill the wild. 2 A1-Yaman sabmitted to Sulaymaa Paaba ill A.I•• '5j8. VIII.-Tm Days at Ha,ar. 5 upper country, and presented him with the green banner of a Crusader. On the other hand, the great Albuquerque at the same time (A. D. IS08-151S) was viceroy of India, and to him the Iteghe Helena applied for aid. Her am­ bassador arrived at Goa, "bearing a fragment of wood belonging to the true cross on which Christ died,"' whicb relic had been sent as a token of friendship to her brother Emanuel by the elllpress of }Ethiopia. The overture was followed by the arrival at Masawwah of an embassy from the King of Portugal. Too proud, how­ ever, to await foreign aid, David at the age of sixteen took the field in person against the Moslems. During the battle that ensued, Mahfuz, the Goliath of the Unbelievers, was slain in single combat by Gabriel Andreas, a soldier of tried valour, who had assumed the monastic life in consequence of having lost the tip of his tongue for treasonable freedom of speech: the green standard was captured, aDd 12,000 Moslems fell. David followed up his success by invading the lowlands, and, in defiance, struck his spear through the door of the king of Adel.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 519 Ethiopia Report With
    Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Ethiopia: A New Start? T • ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY KJETIL TRONVOLL ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully © Minority Rights Group 2000 acknowledges the support of Bilance, Community Aid All rights reserved Abroad, Dan Church Aid, Government of Norway, ICCO Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- and all other organizations and individuals who gave commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- financial and other assistance for this Report. mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. For further information please contact MRG. This Report has been commissioned and is published by A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the ISBN 1 897 693 33 8 issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the ISSN 0305 6252 author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in Published April 2000 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. Typset by Texture Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Tadesse Tafesse (Programme Coordinator) and Katrina Payne (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR KJETIL TRONVOLL is a Research Fellow and Horn of Ethiopian elections for the Constituent Assembly in 1994, Africa Programme Director at the Norwegian Institute of and the Federal and Regional Assemblies in 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia COI Compilation
    BEREICH | EVENTL. ABTEILUNG | WWW.ROTESKREUZ.AT ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Ethiopia: COI Compilation November 2019 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared within a specified time frame on the basis of publicly available documents as well as information provided by experts. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord This report was commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Background information ......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Geographical information .................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Map of Ethiopia ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trends and Spatio-Temporal Variation of Female
    Tesema et al. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:719 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08882-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Trends and Spatio-temporal variation of female genital mutilation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a Spatio-temporal and multivariate decomposition analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health surveys Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema1*, Chilot Desta Agegnehu2, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale1, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem1, Alemneh Mekuriaw Liyew1, Yigizie Yeshaw3 and Sewnet Adem Kebede1 Abstract Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a serious health problem globally with various health, social and psychological consequences for women. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of female genital mutilation varied across different regions of the country. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend and determinants of female genital mutilation among reproductive-age women over time. Methods: A secondary data analysis was done using 2000, 2005, and 2016 Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs) of Ethiopia. A total weighted sample of 36,685 reproductive-age women was included for analysis from these three EDHS Surveys. Logit based multivariate decomposition analysis was employed for identifying factors contributing to the decrease in FGM over time. The Bernoulli model was fitted using spatial scan statistics version 9.6 to identify hotspot areas of FGM, and ArcGIS version 10.6 was applied to explore the spatial distribution FGM across the country. (Continued on next page) * Correspondence: [email protected] 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia: Regional Coverage of Antiretroviral U.S
    U.S. Department of State UNCLASSIFIED [email protected] PEPFAR http://hiu.state.gov Ethiopia: Regional Coverage of Antiretroviral U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION UNIT Therapy (ART) in the National Response, 2011 HIV prevalence (age 15-49)1 Estimated need of ART2 Estimated ART coverage2 SAUDI Percent SAUDI In Percent 5.0% - 6.5% ARABIA 54,000 - 110,000 ARABIA thousands 80% or more Harari People, 2.0% - 4.9% Red 31,000 - 53,000 Red Red Addis Ababa* 110 50% - 79% >95% 1.5% - 1.9% Sea 7% 9,800 - 30,000 Sea Oromia Sea 100% 108,485 30% -49% 0.9% - 1.4% Gambela 1,900 - 9,700 29% or less *Coverage appears 6.5% to exceed estimated 0 100 200 km regional need due ERITREA 6 ERITREA ERITREA to ART provision to YEMEN YEMEN 90 0 100 200 mi clients from outside 80 Tigray Tigray Tigray the region. SUDAN SUDAN SUDAN 5 Afar Gulf of Afar Gulf of Afar Gulf of Aden Aden 70 Aden Amhara DJIBOUTI Amhara DJIBOUTI Amhara DJIBOUTI 60 Binshangul 4 Binshangul Binshangul Gumuz Dire Dawa Gumuz Dire Dawa Gumuz Dire Dawa SOMALIA SOMALIA SOMALIA Addis Harari Addis Harari 50 Addis Harari Ababa 3 Ababa Ababa People People People 40 Gambela ETHIOPIA Gambela ETHIOPIA Gambela ETHIOPIA People People People Oromia Somali Oromia Somali Oromia Somali 2 30 SNNP Provisional SNNP Provisional SNNP Provisional SOUTH administrative SOUTH administrative SOUTH administrative 20 SUDAN line SUDAN line SUDAN line 1 Somali Administrative SNNP Administrative Harari People 10 Administrative boundary 0.9% boundary 1,879 boundary 10% KENYA KENYA KENYA Rank ..
    [Show full text]
  • Harar Without Hararis March 11, 2020
    Harar without Hararis March 11, 2020 by Abdullah Sherif There is a shameful silence over the ongoing systematic removal of Hararis from Harar What began in the middle of 2018 as nightly chants of “ciao, ciao Adare” (‘goodbye Harari’), pack your bags, and “kinyyaa” (‘this is ours’) culminated with the Harari National League (HNL) surrendering half of the administration of Harar to the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP). Unchecked, this will end in the complete removal of Hararis from Harar—politically and physically. Hararis are a unique ethnic minority group in Ethiopia, who have now also become a minority in their indigenous home, the ancient city of Harar. While Hararis used to inhabit a much larger area in the past, they have been relegated to behind the walls of Harar (Jugol) and its environs since after the Jugol was erected in the mid 1500s. For centuries, Harar was an important city in Ethiopia: Richard Burton called it “the Timbuktu of the East”; UNESCO references it as one of Islam’s holiest cities. During the Italio-Ethiopian war in 1935-36, The New York Times, The Times of India, The Globe, and others wrote much about Harar, some describing it as Ethiopia’s second-largest city. Today, virtual silence. While there is no war, a serious crisis is taking place. Ethiopia recently gained the unfortunate distinction of having the largest number of people internally displaced by conflict, almost 2.9 million in 2018, surpassing war-torn countries like Syria. As Ethiopia grapples with the challenges of political change and reform, Harar faces its own challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Living Environment of Harar Jugol, Ethiopia �����������������������Harar Jugol, Ethiopia エチオピア・古都ハラールの居住環境に関する研究
    計画系 674 号 【カテゴリーⅡ】 日本建築学会計画系論文集 第77巻 第674号，951-957，2012年 4 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 77 No. 674, 951-957, Apr., 2012 A STUDY ON THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF A STUDY ON THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF HARAR JUGOL, ETHIOPIA �����������������������HARAR JUGOL, ETHIOPIA エチオピア・古都ハラールの居住環境に関する研究 * ** RumiRumi OKAZAKI OKAZAKI＊ and Riichi Riichi MIYAKE MIYAKE ＊＊ ��� �� � ��� �� 岡 崎 瑠 美 ， 三 宅 理 一 Harar, situated in the eastern highland of Ethiopia, has flourished by dominating the caravan route from Red Sea to the inland Ethiopia. Registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2006, the old town of Harar Jugol still maintains its traditional character as Muslim city. This paper aims at the status quo of its architectural heritage by analyzing its building typology as well as the housing conditions for those who reside within the old residences, some of which date back even to the 17th century. According to the full research on both the buildings and the inhabitants in a selected case study area, central Harar was proved to be a unique city with the characteristic of woman-headed society with strong tie among them. Unlike other historical cities in Ethiopia, Harar still keeps the nature of comparatively wealthy residents supported by a dense network of Harari who dispersed all over Ethiopia. Keywords: Harar Jugol, Kebele, Ge Gar, Historical Heritage ���������, ���, ����, ���� 1. Objective and Research Method co-habitation of different ethnic and religious groups. Actually native (1) Objective Harari people represent only 11.8% of the total municipal population after Harar is one of the most impressive cities in Ethiopia as it still Amhara (40.5%) and Oromo (28.1%), but they still keep their own maintains the historical core surrounded by city walls, called Harar Jugol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevancy of Harari Values in Self Regulation
    THE RELEVANCY OF HARARI VALUES IN SELF REGULATION AND AS A MECHANISM OF BEHAVIORAL CONTROL: HISTORICAL ASPECTS by ABDULMALIK ABUBAKER NORMAN SINGER, CHAIR WILLIAM ANDREEN AHMED ZEKARIA STEVEN HOBBS GRACE LEE A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2016 Copyright Abdulmalik Abubaker 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The subject under consideration in this dissertation is various values of a particular society who refer to themselves as gey usu (people of the city). To expound how they utilize values to regulate their members’ behaviors and the relations they have with other people four entities are identified: Family, educational, trade and social institutions. Family as the basic institution is discussed to expound how birth and marriage ceremonies are perceived by Hararis. How these events are surrounded by various symbols with the values enshrined in them, which are expressed through rituals, actions, words and gestures, are as well expounded. The mechanisms how these symbols are used to regulate individual and social behaviors are also discussed. Education as one of the vital instruments to develop the individuals and the society which should enjoy continuous sufficiency and prosperity is also discussed. How successful the society is in achieving these goals is dependent on the values the education system is promoting. Trade, which is much related with Harar and Hararis history, how it is used as a means of securing and maintaining peace through concessions to other people is discussed. This dissertation suggests the underlying ideas of peaceful trade are values such as righteousness, honesty, sincerity, diligence, trust, non-discrimination and fairness in the relations among traders.
    [Show full text]
  • Aǧamī in Ethiopia: a Short Note on an Arabic-Islamic Collection of Texts Written in Ethiopian Script (Fidäl)
    Alessandro Gori Beyond ‘aǧamī in Ethiopia: a short Note on an Arabic-Islamic Collection of Texts written in Ethiopian Script (fidäl) Abstract: As in many other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Muslims in Ethiopia have produced a substantial amount of literature in their local languages, mostly using the Arabic script rather than the Ethiopic syllabary (fidäl), which has been connected with the Ethiopian Christian Church and state for centuries. Recently, after fidäl was adopted to write the language of the Harari Muslim people, a manuscript was written in which texts in Arabic and Old Harari were copied in Ethiopic script. I have analysed the manuscript in this paper, highlighting the strategies that the copyist followed in order to transcribe Arabic into fidäl, and have attempted to place the work within the general framework of Islamic-Chris- tian relationships in Ethiopia. 1 Fidäl, Arabic and Islamic languages in Ethiopia: sketching a framework The usage of the Ethiopian script (fidäl)1 to write Arabic and other ‘Islamic langu- ages’ of the Horn of Africa2 is not completely unknown, but has so far been scar- cely documented and analysed. While it is actually a relatively rare phenomenon, it does deserve some attention, as its study could be of some interest for linguists (particularly sociolinguists) and more generally for researchers investigating the social and cultural history of the Muslims of the Horn of Africa. The data presented in this paper were compiled within the framework of and thanks to the re- search project ‘Islam in the Horn of Africa: a Comparative Literary Approach’ (IslHornAfr, Euro- pean Research Council Advanced Grant 322849).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia April 2007
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT ETHIOPIA 11 APRIL 2007 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE ETHIOPIA 11 APRIL 2007 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN ETHIOPIA, 24 MARCH 2007 TO 5 APRIL 2007 REPORTS ON ETHIOPIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 1 APRIL 2007 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.03 2. ECONOMY ......................................................................................... 2.01 3. HISTORY ........................................................................................... 3.01 Dergue Trials ................................................................................ 3.06 Border Conflict with Eritrea 1998-2006....................................... 3.06 National Elections May 2005 ....................................................... 3.13 4. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ................................................................... 4.01 March 2007.................................................................................... 4.01 5. CONSTITUTION .................................................................................. 5.01 6. POLITICAL SYSTEM............................................................................ 6.01 Political Overview......................................................................... 6.01 The Executive Branch.................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assemblée Générale GÉNÉRALE A/HRC/4/9/Add.3 28 Février 2007
    NATIONS UNIES A Distr. Assemblée générale GÉNÉRALE A/HRC/4/9/Add.3 28 février 2007 FRANÇAIS Original: ANGLAIS CONSEIL DES DROITS DE L’HOMME Quatrième session Point 2 de l’ordre du jour provisoire APPLICATION DE LA RÉSOLUTION 60/251 DE L’ASSEMBLÉE GÉNÉRALE DU 15 MARS 2006 INTITULÉE «CONSEIL DES DROITS DE L’HOMME» Rapport de l’experte indépendante sur les questions relatives aux minorités, Mme Gay McDougall Additif MISSION EN ÉTHIOPIE* (28 novembre-12 décembre 2006) * Le résumé du présent rapport est distribué dans toutes les langues officielles. Le rapport proprement dit est joint en annexe au résumé, et il est distribué dans la langue originale seulement. GE.07-11114 (F) 210307 220307 A/HRC/4/9/Add.3 page 2 Résumé L’experte indépendante sur les questions relatives aux minorités, Mme Gay McDougall, s’est rendue en Éthiopie du 28 novembre au 12 décembre 2006, dans le cadre de son mandat. Au cours de sa visite, elle a mené de nombreuses consultations à Addis-Abeba, et s’est rendue dans la région de Gambella. Elle s’est entretenue avec des responsables de l’administration fédérale et des États, des représentants de la société civile, des universitaires, des membres de l’opposition politique, des étudiants et des représentants de minorités. Elle a organisé des débats, notamment avec des femmes issues des groupes ethniques touchés par le conflit dans la région de Gambella. La Constitution éthiopienne pose de solides fondements pour les droits, les libertés et l’égalité. Elle marque un abandon de la vision politique des gouvernements précédents, qui se caractérisait par la domination d’un groupe ethnique sur tous les autres.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Copenhagen
    Languages and literatures of the Muslims of the Horn of Africa some first general reflections Gori, Alessandro Published in: L'Africa, l'Oriente mediterraneo e l'Europa Publication date: 2015 Citation for published version (APA): Gori, A. (2015). Languages and literatures of the Muslims of the Horn of Africa: some first general reflections. In P. Nicelli (Ed.), L'Africa, l'Oriente mediterraneo e l'Europa: Tradizioni e culture a confronto (pp. 119-126). Bulzoni Editore. Africana Ambrosiana Download date: 24. Sep. 2021 Africana Ambrosiana 1 ACCADEMIA AMBROSIANA CLASSE DI STUDI AFRICANI Sezioni di Berberistica, Coptologia, Etiopistica L’AFRICA, L’ORIENTE MEDITERRANEO E L’EUROPA TRADIZIONI E CULTURE A CONFRONTO a cura di Paolo Nicelli BIBLIOTECA AMBROSIANA BULZONI EDITORE ISBN 978-88-6897-013-0 La collana «Africana Ambrosiana» è in distribuzione presso l’Editore Bulzoni. Per l’acquisto di singoli volumi e la sottoscrizione di un ordine continuativo rivolgersi al medesimo. Comitato scientifico Lionel Galand, Philippe Luisier, Harry Stroomer Direttore Pier Francesco Fumagalli Segreteria di redazione Vermondo Brugnatelli, Alberto Camplani, Agostino Soldati Coordinamento editoriale Clara Bulfoni Africana Ambrosiana ha adottato il sistema di Blind Peer-Review © 2015 Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana 20123 Milano (Italy) ˗ Piazza Pio XI, 2 Proprietà letteraria e artistica riservata Bulzoni Editore 00185 Roma, via dei Viburni, 14 http://bulzoni.it e-mail: [email protected] SOMMARIO Pier Francesco Fumagalli Prefazione ........................................................................................pag. V Preface ............................................................................................. » IX *** Paolo Nicelli Manoscritti dell’Africa araba, etiopica e copta al tempo di Federico Borromeo, letti e catalogati da Enrico Rodolfo Galbiati ed Eugenio Griffini .......................pag. 1 Africa berbera Lionel Galand L’évolution des études berbères.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Derbé Belanbel Historical and Cultural Site Wagaw Bogale* Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
    ACCESS Freely available online rism & OPEN ou H f T o o s l p a i t n a r l i u t y o J Journal of ISSN: 2167-0269 Tourism & Hospitality Research Article A History of Derbé Belanbel Historical and Cultural Site Wagaw Bogale* Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to reconstruct the history of Derbé Belanbel historical and cultural site. This is very crucial because though the historical and cultural site in question played a significant role in revealing the history and the tourism industry of the Region and by extension the history of the country; scholars have not given the attention it deserves so far. In the process of reconstructing its history, we came to realize that no scholar has studied the site before. Derbé Belanbel is located in Dhuhun wereda of Nogob Zone of the Ethiopian Somali Regional State. It is far from the town of Jigjiga, the administrative center of the Region, by about 450 kilometers in its southern direction. Methodologically the researcher mainly used the qualitative method and culled data from secondary literature but the study heavily relies on field observation and information gathered from knowledgeable informants. As far as we have tried to establish, Derbé Belanbel was a medieval center of culture and civilization of the Harla Somalis characterized by stone built houses, steles, and a Mosque that appropriately suggest a religious settlement. The stone built houses are similar with those located in the Harar, Dire Dawa and Zeila areas as well as with those located in the northern parts of proper Somalia.
    [Show full text]