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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Somali Region
Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions Adegehe, A.K. Citation Adegehe, A. K. (2009, June 11). Federalism and ethnic conflict in Ethiopia. A comparative study of the Somali and Benishangul-Gumuz regions. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/13839 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). 8 Inter-regional Conflicts: Somali Region 8.1 Introduction The previous chapter examined intra-regional conflicts within the Benishangul-Gumuz region. This and the next chapter (chapter 9) deal with inter-regional conflicts between the study regions and their neighbours. The federal restructuring carried out by dismantling the old unitary structure of the country led to territorial and boundary disputes. Unlike the older federations created by the union of independent units, which among other things have stable boundaries, creating a federation through federal restructuring leads to controversies and in some cases to violent conflicts. In the Ethiopian case, violent conflicts accompany the process of intra-federal boundary making. Inter-regional boundaries that divide the Somali region from its neighbours (Oromia and Afar) are ill defined and there are violent conflicts along these borders. In some cases, resource conflicts involving Somali, Afar and Oromo clans transformed into more protracted boundary and territorial conflicts. As will be discussed in this chapter, inter-regional boundary making also led to the re-examination of ethnic identity. -
Violent Conflict Implications of Mega Projects in Nyangatom Woreda, Ethiopia by Fana Gebresenbet, Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta and Yonas Tariku
Briefing Note #5 - May 2019 Violent Conflict Implications of Mega Projects in Nyangatom Woreda, Ethiopia By Fana Gebresenbet, Mercy Fekadu Mulugeta and Yonas Tariku Introduction This briefing note explores conflict in the past 10 years Key Findings in the Nyangatom Woreda of South Omo Zone, South- • Recorded, violent incidents have shown a ern Nations Nationalities and Peoples’ region, Ethiopia. decline in 2017/18; The Nyangatom are one of the 16 ethnic groups indig- enous to the Zone. They are found at the southwest- • Cattle raiding remains the most frequent violent ern corner of the Zone adjacent to two international act; boundaries with South Sudan and Kenya. • The decline of violent incidents is not indicative of positive peacebuilding efforts; The study is situated in a physical and political envi- ronment that has shown rapid change due to dam • Changing resource access is a reason for the and large-scale agricultural projects. The Lower Omo decline of violence with some groups and the witnessed rapid transformation over the past decade, increase of violence with others, discouraging following the construction of the Gilgel Gibe III dam, interaction with some and encouraging it with large sugar cane plantations, factories and other others; investments, along with some infrastructural and • According to zone and woreda officials the demographic change. safety net (particularly distribution of food) This briefing is part of a research project “Shifting In/ program is also instrumental in the decline of equality Dynamics in Ethiopia: from Research to Appli- violence; cation (SIDERA).” The project explores environmen- • The decline of violence has to be comple- tal, income and conflict dynamics after the state-led mented with acts of genuine efforts to build development interventions. -
Oromo Democracy): an Example of Classical African Civilization
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Major Studies and Reports Commission for Blacks 3-2012 Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): An Example of Classical African Civilization Asafa Jalata Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_blackmaj Recommended Citation Jalata, Asafa, "Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): An Example of Classical African Civilization" (2012). Major Studies and Reports. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_blackmaj/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Commission for Blacks at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Major Studies and Reports by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gadaa (Oromo Democracy): An Example of Classical African Civilization by Asafa Jalata, Ph.D. [email protected] Professor of Sociology, Global Studies, and Africana Studies The University of Tennessee, The Department of Sociology Knoxville, Tennessee Abstract The paper briefly introduces and explains the essence of indigenous Oromo democracy and its main characteristics that are relevant for the current condition of Africa in general and Oromo society in particular. It also illustrates how Oromo democracy had functioned as a socio-political institution by preventing oppression and exploitation and by promoting relative peace, security, sustainable development, and political sovereignty, and how the gadaa system organized Oromo society -
Memo on Violence in South Omo Areas, SNNPRS, Ethiopia (October 2019): a Call for Preventive Action and Rule of Law
Memo on violence in South Omo areas, SNNPRS, Ethiopia (October 2019): a call for preventive action and rule of law Concerned Scholars Ethiopia (CSE) 25 October 2019 1. Since the 2018 change of government and the significant and promising reform process in Ethiopia, not all regions and peoples have fared equally well. While the policies of the new, Nobel Laureate PM Abiy Ahmed and his government hold out hope for millions and have bought very meaningful, positive changes, developments on the local level in ‘peripheral’ regions outside the purview of the Federal government are not yet addressed. Scores of people – including those of ethnic minority groups - are suffering of displacement, killings, and discrimination – all issues that are not in line with the new ethos of democratic reform and human rights respect. 2. The present Memo calls attention to the situation in the South Omo Region - as emblematic for more general problems that play out in some areas of the Southern Regional State (SNNPRS), in Beni Shangul-Gumuz, Gambela and possibly other Regional States of Ethiopia. 3. The prime cases at hand here are that of the ‘Bodi’ people (self-name: Me’en, with two sub-divisions: Mela and Chirim) in South Omo Zone (since 2nd week of September), and the Mursi people in South Omo Zone (since 29 September 2019, through to 13 October). Since 20 October there are also indications of additional instability in the Dima area (southwest of Mizan town) that has led to killings of people of the Suri ethnic group. So far, no decisive action has been taken by either the Federal Army or by local, Zonal or SNNPRS Regional authorities against abusive police and armed forces units. -
East and Central Africa 19
Most countries have based their long-term planning (‘vision’) documents on harnessing science, technology and innovation to development. Kevin Urama, Mammo Muchie and Remy Twingiyimana A schoolboy studies at home using a book illuminated by a single electric LED lightbulb in July 2015. Customers pay for the solar panel that powers their LED lighting through regular instalments to M-Kopa, a Nairobi-based provider of solar-lighting systems. Payment is made using a mobile-phone money-transfer service. Photo: © Waldo Swiegers/Bloomberg via Getty Images 498 East and Central Africa 19 . East and Central Africa Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Republic of), Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda Kevin Urama, Mammo Muchie and Remy Twiringiyimana Chapter 19 INTRODUCTION which invest in these technologies to take a growing share of the global oil market. This highlights the need for oil-producing Mixed economic fortunes African countries to invest in science and technology (S&T) to Most of the 16 East and Central African countries covered maintain their own competitiveness in the global market. in the present chapter are classified by the World Bank as being low-income economies. The exceptions are Half the region is ‘fragile and conflict-affected’ Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, Djibouti and the newest Other development challenges for the region include civil strife, member, South Sudan, which joined its three neighbours religious militancy and the persistence of killer diseases such in the lower middle-income category after being promoted as malaria and HIV, which sorely tax national health systems from low-income status in 2014. -
Cairo Workshop Participants
Master Cairo Workshop Participant List # Country Name Title Institution 1 Djibouti Abdourazak Ali Osman Director of Planning Department Ministry of Education 2 Djibouti Ali Sillaye Abdallah Manager of the Project Implementation Unit Ministere de la Sante 3 Djibouti Ammar Abdou Ahmed Dri. of Epidemiology and Hygiene Ministere de la Sante 4 Djibouti Assoweh Abdillahi Assoweh Service Information Sanitaire Ministere de la Sante 5 Djibouti Fatouma Bakard M&E Specialist, SIDA project Le Secretariat Executif 6 Djibouti Housein Doualeh Aboubaker Chef de Service Ministere de Finances 7 Djibouti Hussein Kayad Halane Unite de Gestion de Projets Ministere de la Sante 8 Djibouti M. Abdelrahmane Dir. of Planning and Research Ministere de la Sante 9 Djibouti Mohamed Issé Mahdi Secrétaire Générale du Comité Supérieur de Ministère de l'éducation nationale l'Education 10 Egypt Abdel Fattah Samir Abdel Fattah Accountant, ECEEP Ministry of Education 11 Egypt Abdel Samie Abdel Hafeez Director PPMU Ministry of Economy 12 Egypt Ahmed Abdel Monem Manager PAPFAM, League of Arab States, 22 "A" 13 Egypt Ahmed Saad El Sayed Head, Information Dept. Ministry of Communication and InformationTechnology: 14 Egypt Alfons Ibrahim Hanna Head, Finance Ministry of Education 15 Egypt Amal Sayed Ali Ministry Of Local Development 16 Egypt Amany Kamel Education Specialist Ministry of Education 17 Egypt Amr Mostafa Director of Int. Cooperation IT Industry Development Agency (ITIDA) 18 Egypt Amr Zein El-Abdein Mahmoud Education Specialist Ministry of Education 19 Egypt Bodour Nassif Executive Manager Development Programs Dept. National Telecom Regulatory Authority in Egypt 20 Egypt Ebraheem Abdel Khalek Member of Quality Office Ministry of Education 21 Egypt Essam Galal Hassan Shaat General manager of local monitoring Ministry of Local Development 22 Egypt Farouk Ahmed Mahmoud Sohag Gov. -
Oromo Indigenous Religion: Waaqeffannaa
Volume III, Issue IV, April 2016 IJRSI ISSN 2321 – 2705 Oromo Indigenous Religion: Waaqeffannaa Bedassa Gebissa Aga* *Lecturer of Human Rights at Civics and Ethical Studies Program, Department of Governance, College of Social Science, of Wollega University, Ethiopia Abstract: This paper discusses the African Traditional religion on earth. The Mande people of Sierra-Leone call him as with a particular reference to the Oromo Indigenous religion, Ngewo which means the eternal one who rules from above.3 Waaqeffannaa in Ethiopia. It aimed to explore status of Waaqeffannaa religion in interreligious interaction. It also Similar to these African nations, the Oromo believe in and intends to introduce the reader with Waaqeffannaa’s mythology, worship a supreme being called Waaqaa - the Creator of the ritual activities, and how it interrelates and shares with other universe. From Waaqaa, the Oromo indigenous concept of the African Traditional religions. Additionally it explains some Supreme Being Waaqeffanna evolved as a religion of the unique character of Waaqeffannaa and examines the impacts of entire Oromo nation before the introduction of the Abrahamic the ethnic based colonization and its blatant action to Oromo religions among the Oromo and a good number of them touched values in general and Waaqeffannaa in a particular. For converted mainly to Christianity and Islam.4 further it assess the impacts of ethnic based discrimination under different regimes of Ethiopia and the impact of Abrahamic Waaqeffannaa is the religion of the Oromo people. Given the religion has been discussed. hypothesis that Oromo culture is a part of the ancient Cushitic Key Words: Indigenous religion, Waaqa, Waaqeffannaa, and cultures that extended from what is today called Ethiopia Oromo through ancient Egypt over the past three thousand years, it can be posited that Waaqeffannaa predates the Abrahamic I. -
Hum Ethio Manitar Opia Rian Re Espons E Fund D
Hum anitarian Response Fund Ethiopia OCHA, 2011 OCHA, 2011 Annual Report 2011 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Response Fund – Ethiopia Annual Report 2011 Table of Contents Note from the Humanitarian Coordinator ................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 2011 Humanitarian Context ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Map - 2011 HRF Supported Projects ............................................................................................. 6 2. Information on Contributors ................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Donor Contributions to HRF .......................................................................................................... 7 3. Fund Overview .................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Summary of HRF Allocations in 2011 ............................................................................................ 8 3.1.1 HRF Allocation by Sector ....................................................................................................... -
519 Ethiopia Report With
Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Ethiopia: A New Start? T • ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY KJETIL TRONVOLL ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully © Minority Rights Group 2000 acknowledges the support of Bilance, Community Aid All rights reserved Abroad, Dan Church Aid, Government of Norway, ICCO Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- and all other organizations and individuals who gave commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- financial and other assistance for this Report. mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. For further information please contact MRG. This Report has been commissioned and is published by A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the ISBN 1 897 693 33 8 issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the ISSN 0305 6252 author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in Published April 2000 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. Typset by Texture Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Tadesse Tafesse (Programme Coordinator) and Katrina Payne (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR KJETIL TRONVOLL is a Research Fellow and Horn of Ethiopian elections for the Constituent Assembly in 1994, Africa Programme Director at the Norwegian Institute of and the Federal and Regional Assemblies in 1995. -
Cranfield University at Silsoe
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY AT SILSOE James Webster Culture’s Influence Towards Understanding Stakeholder Interactions in Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Projects Institute of Water and Environment PhD Thesis CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY AT SILSOE Institute of Water and Environment PhD Thesis Academic Year 2005/6 James Webster Culture’s Influence Towards Understanding Stakeholder Interactions in Rural Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion Projects Supervisor: Professor Richard Carter August 2006 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Cranfield University ABSTRACT Variations frequently occur between the intended and actual outcomes of rural water, sanitation and hygiene promotion projects, even projects that exhibit best practice. As a result, the intended impact of poverty reduction through sustained health improvements is diminished. This thesis establishes that inadequate consideration of culture in interactions between and within project stakeholders is a major reason for these unintended project outcomes. Aspects of individual and group behaviour that are influenced by culture are examined, and an initial conceptual framework of established cultural dimensions developed. This framework is then applied to a broad variety of stakeholder groups: seven end user groups and two implementing agencies in Ethiopia and Uganda; national Governments and international donor organisations. As a result, two new cultural dimensions are proposed. Firstly, concern for public self- image, defined as ‘the degree to which an individual expresses interest in how others perceive him/herself, and the manner in which the individual seeks to influence that perception’. Secondly, spirituality, defined as ‘the nature and degree of people’s beliefs and practices concerning the existence, nature, and worship of, and connectedness to God, a god, gods, or a greater spiritual whole, and involvement of the divine or greater spirit in the universe and human life’. -
Natural Disasters in the Middle East and North Africa
Natural Disasters in Public Disclosure Authorized the Middle East and North Africa: A Regional Overview Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized January 2014 Urban, Social Development, and Disaster Risk Management Unit Sustainable Development Department Middle East and North Africa Natural Disasters in the Middle East and North Africa: A Regional Overview © 2014 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundar- ies, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorse- ment or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Recon- struction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com.