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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Local History of Ethiopia
Local History of Ethiopia She - Snoch © Bernhard Lindahl (2008) She.., check also Sce.., Scia.. -- She, ethnic group (sub-group related to the Bench), numbering about 13,290 according to 1994 census ?? She (small Gimira kingdom around 1700) ../.. [Pa] HED04 Shebba (Scebba) 2987 m 10/37 [+ WO] HCP39 Shebe (Shebie, Shebel, Shabe, Shabie, Sciabe) 07/36 [Gz WO Gu] 0720'/3631' 1726/1766 m (with Tuesday market and sub-post office), midway between Jimma and Bonga Centre in 1964 of Diedo wereda & of Shebe sub-district. There was (-1970s-) a Lazarist Catholic mission. ?? Shebe (in Sidamo), with rock carvings ../.. [20] HCK58 Shebedino (Sciabadino) (plain) 06/38 [Ad WO Gu] HCL50 Shebedino wereda (centre in 1964 = Leku) 06/38 [Ad] (-1994-) is divided into 94 rural and 4 urban kebeles. -- Shebel, Shäbäl was an early Amhara family group name in eastern Gojjam. ?? Shebel (Shäbbäl) (historically recorded), cf Shabel ../.. [+ Pa n] H.... Shebel Berenta wereda (-1997-) 10/38 [n] (-1994-) is divided into 44 rural kebeles and 1 urban. H.... Shebel sub-district (centre in 1964 = Yedemes Abo) 10/38 [Ad] shebele (shäbäle) (A) tall and handsome, straight and well-built /youth/ JDK21 Shebele (Sciavelli) 0916'/4240' 1528 m, 09/42 [Gz] (village not at the river of this name) JDK83 Shebele (Shebelli, Shaveli, Shavelli, Sciaveli) 09/42 [Gz x Gu WO] (Sheble, Shebelie, Shebole, Sciabellei) 09/42 [MS Ad WO] Gz: 0947'/4246' 1386 m MS: 0945'/4238' = JDK71 (0941'/4246' = JDK73) 1400/1450 m Sub-district & its centre in 1964. -- Shebeli, Shabeli (Italian: Sciaveli), a somalized Bantu group living in the middle part of the Webi valley HDL60 Shebeli 0937'/3830' 1985 m, south-west of Fiche 09/38 [AA Gz] KCP30 Shebeli (Shebelli, Scebeli) 0732'/4543' 600/700 m 07/45 [+ Mi WO Gz] Mineral exploitation of mica was located about 31 km south-west of Jijiga in the Fafan river catchment area. -
A Small Dictionary of Hamar with Some Lexical Notes on Banna and Karo∗
Studies in Ethiopia Languages, 4 (2015), 35{75 A Small Dictionary of Hamar with Some Lexical Notes on Banna and Karo∗ Yona TAKAHASHI (University of Tsukuba) [email protected] Abstract This report provides a small dictionary with around 1,200 entries of Hamar (in- cluding Banna and Karo) in South Ethiopia. Although there are a large number of open issues on the study of Hamar, there are few arguments even on the phone- mic inventory, accentuation rules or the morphophonemics which is necessary for the lexicography. The dictionary will be a basis of scholarly debate towards the better documentation, comprehensive description and classification on the Hamar language. 1 Introduction Hamar is one of the Omotic tribes who live in the Omo Valley, Southwestern Ethiopia close to the border of Sudan and Kenya. According to the Ethnologue1 there live 46,500 Hamar people and 27,000 Banna people2 in which 38,400 peo- ple are monolingual. The Hamar language belongs to the South Omotic. The Omotic is widely considered to be a branch of the Afroasiatic, but the attribution is controversial (Theil 2012). ∗This work was supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) `Documentation of Minority Languages and the Dynamism of Ethiopian Languages' (Hideyuki INUI, 2014{2018, Grant Number: 26300022). 1https://www.ethnologue.com/language/amf 2Ethnologue puts the same language tag on both Hamar and Banna, though Banna is to some extent influenced by Ari. 35 Studies in Ethiopia Languages, 4 (2015), 35{75 The basic vocabulary (about 1,200 entries) shown in this report is a part of the linguistic research during 2006{2014 in Addis Ababa, Arba Minch3, Key Afar4, Jinka5, Dimeka6 and Turmi7 (Takahashi 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014)8. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Chinese, general in Angola Arab in Burundi Population: 52,000 Population: 3,400 World Popl: 15,471,900 World Popl: 703,600 Total Countries: 62 Total Countries: 31 People Cluster: Chinese People Cluster: Arab, Arabian Main Language: Chinese, Mandarin Main Language: Arabic, North Levantine S Main Religion: Non-Religious Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.70% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 1.05% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Portions www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Ming Xia Source: Pat Brasil "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Gujarati in Burundi Swahili in Burundi Population: 2,800 Population: 13,000 World Popl: 3,367,100 World Popl: 1,808,600 Total Countries: 29 Total Countries: 25 People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other People Cluster: Bantu, Swahili Main Language: Gujarati Main Language: Swahili Main Religion: Hinduism Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.20% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.60% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous Source: Luciano Rizzello - Flickr "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arab in Comoros Comorian, Mwali in Comoros Population: 900 -
Somalia, Country Information
Somalia, Country Information SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for currency, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up to date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY file:///V|/vll/country/uk_cntry_assess/apr2003/0403_Somalia.htm[10/21/2014 10:09:18 AM] Somalia, Country Information 2.1 Somalia (known officially as the Somali Democratic Republic) has an area of 637,657 sq. -
A Delicate Balance Land Use, Minority Rights and Social Stability in the Horn of Africa
Introduction A Delicate Balance Land Use, Minority Rights and Social Stability in the Horn of Africa Edited by Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe 1 A Delicate Balance Land Use, Minority Rights and Social Stability in the Horn of Africa Edited by Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe Copyright © 2014 Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University. Cover pictures © Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe Printed in Ethiopia. All rights reserved. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. ISBN: 978-99944-975-4-6 Institute for Peace and Security Studies Addis Ababa University Acknowledgements This edited volume holds thirteen chapters, including the introduction and concluding sections. Three chapters are products of commissioned research on Ethiopia’s lowlands where land deals are occurring, and all eleven chapters were presented and critically assessed at a two day international conference organized by the Addis Ababa University’s Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS). The Austrian Development Agency (ADA) covered all expenses related to fieldwork (for the three commissioned researches), and the conference as well as the editing and printing of this book. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the ADA for their continued support of the IPSS’ research activities. Fana Gebresenbet and Zeynya Shikur handled the first phase of this project, before the actual conference dates, which included the preparation and wide circulation of the call for papers, development of selection criteria, and facilitating the selection process. Myriam Mamo and Zeynya Shikur were responsible for organizing the conference and creating a very favourable atmosphere for lively debates, with help from the IPSS’ Operations Team. -
Ethiopia & Djibouti 6
©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd 339 Behind the Scenes SEND US YOUR FEEDBACK We love to hear from travellers – your comments keep us on our toes and help make our books better. Our well-travelled team reads every word on what you loved or loathed about this book. Although we cannot reply individually to your submissions, we always guarantee that your feed- back goes straight to the appropriate authors, in time for the next edition. Each person who sends us information is thanked in the next edition – the most useful submissions are rewarded with a selection of digital PDF chapters. Visit lonelyplanet.com/contact to submit your updates and suggestions or to ask for help. Our award-winning website also features inspirational travel stories, news and discussions. Note: We may edit, reproduce and incorporate your comments in Lonely Planet products such as guidebooks, websites and digital products, so let us know if you don’t want your comments reproduced or your name acknowledged. For a copy of our privacy policy visit lonelyplanet.com/ privacy. working editors. It has been a huge pleasure to work OUR READERS with co-author Anthony, who shares the same pas- Many thanks to the travellers who used the last sion for Africa. At home, a gros bisou to Eva and lots edition and wrote to us with helpful hints, useful of love to Morgane, whose support was essential. advice and interesting anecdotes: Alex Sternick, Amira Elwakil, Ankerstjerne Rønneberg, Anthony Ham Arie van Oosterwijk, Barney Smith, Basia Jozwiak, Special thanks to so many people in Ethiopia –Tania, Bettina Voss, David French, Denise Hunter , Elizabeth Cheru, Fre, Ingeda, Luigi, Françoise, Shif, Julia, Nick, Greive, Fabrice Cairaschi, Gregory Kipling, Helen Melako, Mohamed, Mulugeta and others. -
Language Maintenance and Shift in Ethiopia: the Case of Maale
LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AND SHIFT IN ETHIOPIA: THE CASE OF MAALE by JACOBUS GERTHARDUS VAN ASWEGEN submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS WITH SPECIALISATION IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF L A BARNES JUNE 2008 Acknowledgements I wish to acknowledge my supervisor, Professor L. A. Barnes, for his insightful suggestions, and his patience and encouragement, which made this research possible. I am also indebted to my wife, Janet, and my four sons, Jonathan, Ruben, Darius and Matthew, for their patience with the many hours spent in my study, as well as The Word for the World Bible Translators and the Kale Heywet Church of Ethiopia, for their assistance on the Maale Bible translation and mother-tongue literacy projects, which inspired this study. I also wish to acknowledge the support of family, friends and churches, which has enabled me to work among the Maale people. ii Abstract The focus of this study is on language maintenance and shift in Maale, a minority language spoken in Ethiopia. The main aims of the study are to give an account of the underlying social factors that have contributed to language maintenance in the Maale speech community, and to investigate whether the mother-tongue literacy programme in the Maale region is going to facilitate language maintenance or contribute to language shift. The findings suggest that regional nationalism, which corresponds to ethnic nationalism in Paulston’s theory of social mobilisation, is the reason why the Maale language has been maintained as a viable language in spite of centuries of political repression. -
Historical Dictionary of Somalia, New Edition
Historical Dictionary of Somalia, New Edition Mohamed Haji Mukhtar The Scarecrow Press 02-304 Front 12/17/02 8:17 AM Page i AFRICAN HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES Edited by Jon Woronoff 1. Cameroon, by Victor T. Le Vine and Roger P. Nye. 1974. Out of print. See No. 48. 2. The Congo, 2nd ed., by Virginia Thompson and Richard Adloff. 1984. Out of print. See No. 69. 3. Swaziland, by John J. Grotpeter. 1975. 4. The Gambia, 2nd ed., by Harry A. Gailey. 1987. 5. Botswana, by Richard P. Stevens. 1975. Out of print. See No. 70. 6. Somalia, by Margaret F. Castagno. 1975. Out of print. See No. 87. 7. Benin (Dahomey), 2nd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1987. Out of print. See No. 61. 8. Burundi, by Warren Weinstein. 1976. Out of print. See No. 73. 9. Togo, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1996. 10. Lesotho, by Gordon Haliburton. 1977. 11. Mali, 3rd ed., by Pascal James Imperato. 1996. 12. Sierra Leone, by Cyril Patrick Foray. 1977. 13. Chad, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 14. Upper Volta, by Daniel Miles McFarland. 1978. 15. Tanzania, by Laura S. Kurtz. 1978. 16. Guinea, 3rd ed., by Thomas O’Toole with Ibrahima Bah-Lalya. 1995. 17. Sudan, by John Voll. 1978. Out of print. See No. 53. 18. Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, by R. Kent Rasmussen. 1979. Out of print. See No. 46. 19. Zambia, 2nd ed., by John J. Grotpeter, Brian V. Siegel, and James R. Pletcher. 1998. 20. Niger, 3rd ed., by Samuel Decalo. 1997. 21. Equatorial Guinea, 3rd ed., by Max Liniger-Goumaz. -
The Islamic Movement in Somalia
THE ISLAMIC MOVEMENT IN SOMALIA: A Historical Evolution with a Case Study of the Islah Movement (1950-2000) This dissertation is submitted to the Institute of the Islamic Studies, McGill University, in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Islamic history By Abdurahman Moallim Abdullahi Montreal, May, 2011 ii ABSTRACT Author: Abdurahman M. Abdullahi Title: The Islamic Movement in Somalia: A Historical Evolution with a Case Study of Islah Movement (1950-2000) Department: Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University Degree sought: PhD in the Modern History of Islam This research constructs the historical evolution of the Islamic movement in Somalia from 1950 to 2000, focusing on the Islah (Islaax) Movement as a case study. The thesis is divided according to four chronological phases: the Islamic revival, the growth of Islamic consciousness, the Islamic awakening, and the Islamic movements. The first chapter provides background and deals with the revival of the Sufi Brotherhood in the nineteenth century and its encounter with colonialism. The second chapter examines the rise of Islamic consciousness during Somalia‟s struggle for independence after the return of Italy to Somalia to administer the UN trusteeship in 1950. The third chapter, the Islamic awakening, deals with the early formation of Islamic organizations such as Nahdah, Ahal, and Waxdah and their confrontation with the military regime. This chapter also provides a case study of the secular family law adopted by the military regime in 1975 which fragmented and radicalized the Islamic awakening into Islaax, Takfiir, and Itixaad by the 1980s. The fourth chapter looks at the emergence of the Islamic movements starting in 1978 with the foundation of Islaax. -
395 INDEX a Abba Garima 144 Abba Liqanos 139 Abba Pentalewon 139
© Lonely Planet 395 Index INDEX A Ahmed Gragn the Left-Handed 35, 36, cafes 328-9 Abba Garima 144 135, 166, 310, 370 clubbing 330 Abba Liqanos 139 AIDS 51, 53, 54, 58-9 emergency services 318 Abba Pentalewon 139 air travel food 326-8 Abuna Aregawi church 145 Djibouti 296-7 history 316-18 accommodation, see also individual Eritrea 363 internet access 318 locations Ethiopia 259-61, 264-5, 265 itineraries 319 Djibouti 294 Somaliland 282-3 medical services 318 Eritrea 354-5 Aksum 131-43, 133, 140 shopping 330-1 Ethiopia 241-2 Aksum, kingdom of 32, 33-5, 140, 301 sights 320-4 Somaliland 281 Amba Metera 339 travel to/from 331 activities, see also individual activities Ambo 229-30 travel within 331-2 Eritrea 355-6 Amhara people 52, 55, 376 walking tours 324-5, 324 Ethiopia 242-4 amoebic dysentry 374 Assab 352-3 Adadi Maryam 170 animals 12, see also birds, birdwatching ATMs Adaito 352 books 75, 79 Djibouti 295 Adare houses 222 Eritrea 314-15 Eritrea 359 Addis Ababa 82-107, 84, 86-7, 91 Ethiopia 75-8, 181 Ethiopia 251 accommodation 96-9 animism 56, 310 Somaliland 282 activities 95-6 Ankober 167 Awasa 176-8, 177 azmari beats 104 Anuak people 238-9, 240 Awash 212 cafes 102-3 Arba Minch 189-91, 190 Awash Arba 212 clubbing 104 Arbatu Ensessa 164 Awash Falls 211 courses 96 Arbore 199 Awash National Park 210-12, 210 drinking 103 archaeological sites azmari beats 60, 104 emergency services 85 Adulis 351 Azuwa Maryam 116 festivals 96 Dahlak Kebir Island 349 food 99-102 Hadar 212-13 B history 83 Las Geel 278-80 Babille 225 internet access 85 Metera 340-1 -
Meanings of Violence and Its Impacts on the Socio-Political Relations Among the Turkana and Samburu of Baragoi, Northern Kenya
Meanings of Violence and Its Impacts on the Socio-Political Relations among the Turkana and Samburu of Baragoi, Northern Kenya Inaugural Dissertation To complete the Doctorate from the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Cologne In the subject Social and Cultural Anthropology Presented by Willis Okumu Born on 16th March 1983 In Gem Rae, Nyando, Kisumu County Cologne, 30th September 2016 Declaration I solemnly declare that I prepared the dissertation I am presenting independently and without undue assistance, that I have completely stated the sources and aids used, and that in each individual case I have identified the passages in the dissertation, including tables, maps and images, that are quoted from other works literally or in spirit as a borrowing; that this dissertation has not been presented to any other faculty or university for examination; that it has not yet been published, apart possibly from partial publication approved by the chairperson of the doctoral committee after consultation with the supervising professor, as well as that I will not undertake any such publication before completing the doctorate. I am aware of the provisions in Sect. 20 and 21 of the doctoral regulations. The dissertation I am presenting has been supervised by Prof. Dr. Michael Bollig and Prof. Dr. David Anderson ………………………… ……………………………. Prof.Dr. Michael Bollig Willis Okumu Meanings of Violence and Its Impact on Socio-Political Relations among the Turkana and Samburu of Baragoi, Northern Kenya Abstract This thesis investigates the ways in which the Turkana and Samburu pastoralists groups use violence to negotiate their day to day relationships.