DOCSLIB.ORG

Erodium Cicutarium L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Erodium Cicutarium L Notes 881 Antioxidative Effect of Extracts from synthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and Erodium cicutarium L. leukotrienes which are responsible for a number Zbigniew Sroka, Halina Rządkowska-Bodalska of physiological processes such as immunity, blood and Irena Mażol pressure and platelet aggregation (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1988 a). Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy of Wroclaw, PI. Nankiera 1, 50-140 Wroclaw, Poland Another group of free radical reactions are processes caused among others by UV radiation, Z. Naturforsch. 49c, 881-884 (1994); received March 3/June 22, 1994 metal cations (Fe2+, Cu2+) or abnormal products Erodium cicutarium (Storksbill, Hemlock, Storkshill) of porphyrin metabolism. Disorders of the free Extracts, Antioxidative Activity, Oenothera paradoxa radical control system lead to an concentration in­ (Evening Primrose) Oil crease of very active free radicals such as OH' Extracts from Erodium cicutarium L. (EC) and some (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1988b), which initiate standard substances present in EC extracts were tested processes leading, among others, to a modification for their antioxidative properties during Fe2+-induced triglyceride oxidation. Hydrophobic fractions such as of DNA or lipid peroxidation. Oxidation of lipids petroleum ether (PEE), benzene (BE) and chloroform disrupts biological natural membranes which may I (ChE I) extracts as well as hydrophilic fractions i.e. result in pathological effects. water (WE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) showed an antioxi­ In this study the influence of extracts from Ero­ dative effect. Among the tested substances vitamin C and some polyphenolic compounds; tannin, (+)-catechin dium cicutarium on oxidation of Oenothera para­ and gallic acid exhibited antioxidative activity, stronger doxa (OP) oil, in the presence of Fe2+ was in­ than the one of the mentioned extracts. vestigated. Materials and Methods Introduction Preparation o f extracts Recently, much attention has been paid to bio­ logical properties of various plant extracts and The raw material (the dried Erodium cicutarium their application in therapy. They enhance anti­ herb, collected from its natural habitat in the body production (Kumazawa et al., 1982; Kuma- northern part of Poland in autumn) was subjected zawa et al., 1985), stimulate macrophages (Pace to fractionated extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus et al., 1983), B lymphocytes or NK cells (Kuma­ with the following solvents, supplied successively: zawa et al., 1984) and also increase interferon syn­ petroleum ether (PEE), benzene (BE), chloro­ thesis (Zieliriska-Jenczylik et al., 1988). form (ChE I) and methanol (ME). From the ob­ Erodium cicutarium (EC) is a one- or two-year tained extracts the solvent was distilled off and the plant found in the fields, roadsides of the lowlands remaining residue was dried. After concentration and lower piedmonts in Poland. It is known for its of the ME extract the residue was mixed with antihemorrhagic activity, antiviral effect in rela­ 10 parts of boiling water, and heated of 100 °C tion to myxoviruses, Herpes virus type 1, vesicular (water bath) for 2 h. The cooled water solution stomatitis and vaccinia virus (Zieliriska-Jenczylik was separated from the formed sticky precipitate. et al., 1987). The clear filtrate (WE) was exhaustively extracted Reactions producing free radicals in the human with chloroform, then with ethyl acetate and fi­ body take place very often. Some of them such as nally with ethyl ether. The obtained three frac­ unsaturated fatty acids oxidation are very impor­ tions: chloroform (ChE II), ethyl acetate (EAE) tant in natural physiological processes leading to and ethyl ether (EEE) were evaporated under re­ duced pressure and dried. All the fractions: PEE, BE, ChE I, WE, ChE II, EAE, EEE and the water residue after extraction Reprint requests to Dr. Z. Sroka. process (WR) were tested for their antioxidative Telefax: 004871442277. activity simultaneously with the standard sub- 0939-5075/94/1100-0881 $ 06.00 © 1994 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. All rights reserved. 882 Notes stances identified previously in Erodium cicuta- in the presence of the investigated compounds rium herb. was calculated according to the equation shown below. Measurement of OP oil oxidation [igC - [igP 100 = / Emulsion: 0.24% (v/v) OP oil in 3.5% (w/v) of ^gC arabic gum in 0.2 m Tris(2-amino-2-hydroxy- methyl-l,3-propanediol)-HCl buffer, pH 7.4, was |igC, |ig of malonaldehyde formed in control test; shaken vigorously for 1 0 min. [igP, |ig of malonaldehyde measured in sample TBA reagent: 0.375 g of thiobarbituric acid after tested compound addition; /, percentage of (TBA) was dissolved (boiling bath) in 30 ml H 2 0, inhibition. then 15 g of trichloroacetic acid and 2.1 ml of 10 n HC1 was added. The solution was adjusted to 1 0 0 ml with distilled water. Methods: The antioxidant activities of extracts Table I. The influence of various extracts from Erodium isolated from Erodium cicutarium were measured cicutarium on the oxidation of OP oil. The rate of the according to the method of Buege and Aust (1978) reaction was expressed as |ig of malonaldehyde formed with some modifications. in the sample after 30, 60, 120 and 180 min incubation. When antioxidative effect of WE, ChE II, EAE, Type of extract Time of reaction [min] EEE, WR and standard substances were studied 30 60 120 180 the following procedure was applied. 1, 2 or 5 mg Malonaldehyde formed in the reaction mixture [[xg] of examined substances were added into 1 2 ml of emulsion. Control tests were prepared without ef­ Petroleum ether control 0.90 1.12 1.85 2.41 fectors. After 5 min preincubation at 25 °C, 100 |xl extract (PEE) 1 mg 0.22 0.56 0.90 1.57 2 mg 0.34 0.34 0.78 1.01 of 37.8 mM of freshly prepared Mohr salt 5 mg 0.17 0.06 0.22 0.50 ((NH 4 )2 S0 4 xFeS 0 4 x 6 H 2 0 ) solution in water Benzene extract control 1.06 1.51 2.36 3.03 was added into the mixture. 0.5 ml of emulsion (BE) 1 mg 0.56 0.95 1.68 1.91 was sampled and moved into 2 ml of TBA solu­ 2 mg 0.34 0.78 1.51 1.68 5 mg 0.45 0.73 1.23 1.23 tion, heated (boiling bath) for 2 0 min, and centri­ Chloroform ex­ control 0.95 1.51 2.24 2.86 fuged for 10 min at lOOOxg. Sample absorption tract I (ChE I) 1 mg 0.00 0.56 0.95 1.12 was measured at 535 nm in a 1 cm glass cuvette. 2 mg 0.00 0.56 0.90 1.01 5 mg 0.00 0.11 0.22 0.50 The amount of oxidation product was deter­ Water extract control 1.40 1.57 2.13 2.69 mined after 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 min of incubation (WE) 2 mg 0.92 1.04 1.15 1.37 with ferrous ions and expressed as |ig of malon- 5 mg 0.17 0.00 0.11 0.22 Chloroform ex­ control 1.35 1.79 2.58 3.42 aldehyde formed in a 1 2 ml reaction mixture. tract II (ChE II) 1 mg 1.23 1.40 2.24 2.92 When the influence of hydrophobic fractions 2 mg 1.12 1.35 2.13 2.52 PEE, BE and ChE I on oxidation OP oil was 5 mg 1.06 1.18 1.46 1.63 determined the following changes in measure­ Ethyl acetate control 1.40 1.57 2.47 3.20 extract (EAE) 1 mg 1.12 1.29 1.85 2.13 ment procedure were introduced. 1,2 or 5 mg of 2 mg 1.12 1.12 1.68 1.57 the extract to be assayed were dissolved in 2 ml 5 mg 0.22 0.11 0.22 0.00 Ethyl ether control 1.12 1.68 2.02 2.52 of chloroform. Then, 0.5 ml of 6 % (v/v) solution extract (EEE) 1 mg 1.18 1.63 1.91 2.75 of OP oil in chloroform was added. After stir­ 2 mg 1.12 1.63 1.85 2.24 ring, the sample was evaporated under reduced Water residue control 0.90 1.29 1.68 2.36 pressure in the presence of nitrogen. 1 2 ml of (WR) 1 mg 0.90 1.12 2.13 2.24 2 mg 0.78 1.23 1.68 2.02 3.5% (w/v) of arabic gum solution in 0.2 m Tris- 5 mg 0.73 1.12 1.63 2.36 HCl buffer, pH 7.4, was added and the emulsion was prepared as previously described. Further ChE I, chloroform extract obtained from raw material steps in the measurement of the oxidation proc­ (see preparation of extracts - section Materials and Methods). ChE II. chloroform extract obtained from hot ess were carried out according to the method water fraction (see preparation of extracts - section described above. The inhibition of the reaction Materials and Methods). Notes 883 Results and Discussion 120 and 180 min. When 5 mg of WE or EAE were The malonaldehyde formed during OP oil added the inhibition was similar to the effect ob­ oxidation and the reaction inhibition in the served with 5 mg of PEE and ChE I. ChE II, EEE presence of EC extracts is shown in Tables I and WR had the lowest effect on oxidation of and II. OP oil. PEE and ChE I exhibited similar effect on oxi­ Tannin, catechins, gallic and elagic acids, sugars dation of OP oil. In the presence of 1 mg of PEE (glucose, galactose, fructose) amino acids (glycine, in the sample inhibition of malonaldehyde forma­ alanine, proline, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, tion was equal to 76, 50, 51, 35% of the control glutamic acid), vitamins K and C were identified (without extract) after 30, 60, 120 and 180 min of in Erodium cicutarium extracts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Exotic Plant Species Occurring in Aztec Ruins National Monument
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Inventory of Exotic Plant Species Occurring in Aztec Ruins National Monument Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SCPN/NRTR—2010/300 ON THE COVER Common salsify (Tragopogon dubius) was one of the most widespread exotic plant species found in the monument during this inventory. Photograph by: Safiya Jetha Inventory of Exotic Plant Species Occurring in Aztec Ruins National Monument Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SCPN/NRTR—2010/300 Julie E. Korb Biology Department Fort Lewis College 1000 Rim Drive Durango, CO 81301 March 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural re- source topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientif- ically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mechanics of Explosive Dispersal and Self-Burial in the Seeds of the Filaree, Erodium Cicutarium (Geraniaceae)
    521 The Journal of Experimental Biology 214, 521-529 © 2011. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd doi:10.1242/jeb.050567 RESEARCH ARTICLE The mechanics of explosive dispersal and self-burial in the seeds of the filaree, Erodium cicutarium (Geraniaceae) Dennis Evangelista1,*, Scott Hotton2 and Jacques Dumais2 1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and 2Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA *Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Accepted 8 November 2010 SUMMARY The filaree (Erodium cicutarium), a small, flowering plant related to geraniums, possesses a unique seed dispersal mechanism: the plant can fling its seeds up to half a meter away; and the seeds can bury themselves by drilling into the ground, twisting and untwisting in response to changes in humidity. These feats are accomplished using awns, helical bristles of dead but hygroscopically active tissue attached to the seeds. Here, we describe the kinematics of explosive dispersal and self-burial based on detailed high-speed and time-lapse videos. We use these observations to develop a simple mechanical model that accounts for the coiling behavior of the awn and allows comparison of the strain energy stored in the awn with the kinetic energy at launch. The model is used to examine tradeoffs between dispersal distance and reliability of the dispersal mechanism. The mechanical model may help in understanding the invasive potential of this species and provides a framework for examining other evolutionary tradeoffs in seed dispersal mechanisms among the Geraniaceae. Supplementary material available online at http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/214/4/521/DC1 Key words: Erodium cicutarium, seed dispersal, awn, bending, hygroscopic movement, burial, biomechanics, fast movement in plants, ballistic movement.
    [Show full text]
  • THAISZIA Anatomical Study of Some Erodium (Geraniaceae) Species In
    Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 26 (1): 11-20, 2016 http://www.bz.upjs.sk/thaiszia THAISZIAT H A I S Z I A JOURNAL OF BOTANY Anatomical study of some Erodium (Geraniaceae) species in Iran 1* 1 1 MARYAM KESHAVARZI , EHTERAM NAJAFIAN , ZAHRA NAZEM BOKAEE & MAHVASH 1 SAIFALI 1Plant Science Dept., Faculty of Biological sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran; *corresponding author: [email protected] Keshavarzi M., Najafian E., Nazem Bokaee Z. & Saifali M. (2016): Anatomical study of some Erodium (Geraniaceae) species in Iran. – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 26 (1): 11-20. – ISSN 1210-0420. Abstract: The genus Erodium (Geraniaceae) composed of 75 species in all continents except Antarctica. Its main center of diversification is Mediterranean region with 62 species. There are 15 annual and perennial Erodium species in Iran. In present study stem, leaf and petiole anatomical structures were considered for 16 populations of 7 Erodium species. Totally 18 qualitative and 27 quantitative features were evaluated and measured. Anatomical data revealed a significant variation between studied species. The most diagnostic characters were shape of abaxial leaf cross sections and form of gaps, diameter of stem cross section, presence or absence of fiber in petiole structure, number and shape of vascular bundles in stem, stem hair type, shape of adaxial surface of midrib and number of vascular bundles in petiole. Studied taxa were clearly separated by selected anatomical characters. Keywords: anatomical structure, Erodium, Geranicaceae, leaf, stem, petiole. Introduction Erodium Aiton (Geraniaceae) with 75 species is distributed in all continents except Antarctica (FIZ et al. 2006). Its main diversification center is Mediterranean region with 62 species (FIZ et al .
    [Show full text]
  • Logiske Meddelelser Udgivet Af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 23, Nr
    Biologiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 23, nr. 6 Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 23, no. 6 (1958) CYTOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE GENUS ERODIUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE COLLECTIVE SPECIES E. CICUTARIUM (L.) L’HER. BY KAI LARSEN København 1958 i kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard D et K ongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab udgiver følgende publikationsrækker: T he R oyal Danish Academy of Sciences and L etters issues the following series of publications: Bibliographical Abbreoiation Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed (8") Overs. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Annual in Danish) Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser (8“) Hist. Filos. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter (4**) Hist. Filos. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Hislorg, Philology, Philosophy, Archeology, Art History) Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser (8°) Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Matematisk-fysiske Skrifter (4°) Mat. Fys. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology) Biologiske Meddelelser (8®) Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. Biologiske Skrifter (4°) Biol. Skr. Dan. Vid. Selsk. (Botany, Zoology, General Biology) Selskabets sekretariat og postadresse: Dantes Plads 5, København V. The address of the secretariate of the Academy is: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Dantes Plads 5, Kobenhavn V, Denmark. Selskabets kommissionær: Ejnar Munksgaard’s Forlag, Nørregade 6, København K. The publications are sold by the agent of the Academy: Ejnar Munksgaard, Publishers, 6 Horregade, Kobenhaon K, Denmark. Biologiske Meddelelser udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Bind 23, nr. 6 Biol. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 23, no. 6 (1958) CYTOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE GENUS EBODIUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE COLLECTIVE SPECIES E. CICUTARIUM (L.) L’HER.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Erodium in Southern Africa
    S.Afr.J. Bot., 1990,56(1): 79-92 79 The genus Erodium in southern Africa H.J.T. Venter* and R.L. Verhoeven Department of Botany, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 Republic of South Africa Accepted 28 August 7989 A taxonomic treatment of Erodium L'Herit. (Geraniaceae) in southern Africa is presented. Eight species, of which two are possibly no longer present in southern Africa, are recognized. All of these species are exotics from Europe and the Mediterranean Region. Only Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit. is widely distributed over southern Africa, the rest are largely concentrated in the south-western Cape where they inhabit moist situa­ tions. Erodium incarnatum (L.) L'Herit, only indigenous Erodium species in southern Africa is to be transferred to Pelargonium. 'n Taksonomiese verwerking van Erodium L'Herit. (Geraniaceae) in suider Afrika word aangebied. Agt spesies, waarvan twee waarskynlik nie meer in suidelike Afrika voorkom nie, word onderskei. AI hierdie spesies is uitheems en afkomstig uit Europa en die Middellandse Seegebied. Slegs Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit. is wyd oor suider Afrika versprei, die ander is hoofsaaklik in die suidwestelike Kaap gekonsentreer waar hulle in vogtige omgewings groei. Erodium incarnatum (L). L.'Herit, die enigste inheemse Erodium­ spesie in suider Afrika sal na Pelargonium oorgeplaas word. Keywords: Erodium, Geraniaceae, southern Africa, taxonomy 'To whom correspondence should be addressed Introduction (L.) L'Herit. and E. moschatum (L.) L'Herit. as Erodium L'Herit. belongs to the Geraniaceae, a family occurring at the Cape. Drege (1843) listed E. moschatum comprising five (Bortenschlager 1967) or six (Hutch­ (L.) L'Herit.
    [Show full text]
  • A REVIEW on ERODIUM CICUTARIUM: a POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi Qar University, Iraq
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ZENODO IAJPS 2017, 4 (01), 110-116 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN (USA): IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article A REVIEW ON ERODIUM CICUTARIUM: A POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Received: 20 December 2016 Accepted: 21 January 2017 Published: 11 February 2017 Abstract: Phytochemical analysis showed that Erodium cicutarium contained Tannin, catechins, gallic and elagic acids, sugars (glucose, galactose, fructose), amino acids (glycine,alanine, proline, histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamic acid), vitamins K and C , and wide range of essential and volatile oils. Erodium cicutarium possessed many pharmacological effects included antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, interferon induction, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antiproliferative effects and affected smooth and cardiac muscles tones. This review discussed the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Erodium cicutarium. Keywords: Erodium cicutarium, contents, pharmacology Corresponding author: QR code Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press as Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, A Review on Erodium Cicutarium: A Potential Medicinal Plant, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(01). www.iajps.com Page 110 IAJPS 2017, 4 (01), 110-116 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: Taxonomic classification: A large and increasing number of patients in the Kingdom: Plantae, Subkingdom: Viridiplantae, world use medicinal plants and herbs for health Infrakingdom: Streptophyta, Superdivision: purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • How Some Exotic Plants Reached the American Southwest
    California Exotic Pest Plant Council 1996 Symposium Proceedings Stowaways and Invited Guests: How Some Exotic Plants Reached the American Southwest Barbara Tellman Water Resources Research Center, The University of Arizona 350 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 The Earliest Exotic Plant Introductions The history of exotic plant species introduction goes back many thousands of years. The earliest recorded plant importation comes from ancient Egypt about 1470 B.C., when Queen Hatsheptsut ordered frankincense trees (Boswellia sp.) and other plants from Punt on the East African coast. The Persians, Greeks, Romans and many other ancient civilizations imported plants. For more than 2000 years Native American peoples farmed with plants which they domesticated such as cotton, squashes, agave, and beans and spread them far from their original location. Agriculture was an important component of the Spanish conquest. Columbus brought with him on his second voyage not only horses, cattle, sheep, goats, swine and domestic fowl, but also plants of lemons, bergamots, melons, orchard fruits and sugar cane. In 1493 the first American plants were sent back to Spain. With the spread of the missions, crops gradually moved up from Mexico. In 1763 Juan Nentvig, a Spanish soldier and explorer recorded a lengthy list of herbs and edible plants growing in Sonoran desert mission gardens.1 As early as the 17th century European scientists were traveling the world over seeking new species of plants and bringing back specimens, seeds and cuttings. Plant hunters had to find ways to keep plants alive during long sea voyages where fresh water was at a premium. One plant explorer lost several years work when his plants were watered with sea water.
    [Show full text]
  • Botany Primer, 2018
    7/3/2018 Botany Primer June 26, 2018 Montrose, CO Denise Culver and Pam Smith Colorado Natural Heritage Program Warner College of Natural Resources Colorado State University www.cnhp.colostate.edu Denise and Pam Denise R. Culver Pam Smith • Grew up in Rock Springs, • BS Botany, Ohio, MS Botany WY! Michigan, 10 years in • Park Service flunky for 10+ Colorado yrs • Park Ranger 11 years • BS from U of WY, MS ‐ MSU • Private Consulting 13 years • Worked in Wyoming, CSU 2008 Montana, and Colorado • • Started at CNHP in 1995 Volunteer: Forensic Botany, CSU Extension, City of FC • Bicycled the Baja Peninsula Natural Areas 1 7/3/2018 Two things you should know But I also offer free car repairs as I am the teacher needed for the class Two things you should know I have a twin sister My current favorite plant is a (she’s the evil one) barrel cactus 2 7/3/2018 Your Turn!! Outline 1. Overview of Plant Classification and Evolution 2. Basic Terminology 3. Vegetative Morphology 4. Flowers and Fruits 5. Session over at 4:00 3 7/3/2018 Carl Linneaus 1707‐1778 Plant Classification • Study of patterns in plants and their families • Linnaeus formalized modern system of naming organisms ‐ binomial nomenclature • Every thing has a unique Latin name • Genus + Specific Epithet = Species Name • Culver denise L. – Genus capitalized, species not; underlined or italics 4 7/3/2018 Vascular Plant Classification Kingdom—Plantae Division (phyta) Class (sida) Subclass (ae) Order (ales) Family (aceae) Genus Species Rio Grande Cottonwood Kingdom—Plantae Division—Magnoliophyta‐Flowering Plants Class—Magnoliopsida‐Dicotyledons Subclass—Dilleniidae Order—Salicales Family—Salicaceae Genus—Populus Species—deltoides Subspecies—wislizeni 5 7/3/2018 Plant Taxonomy The science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies and names plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Control by Species, from the Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine
    Weed Control by Species: Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve October 2000 2 Acacia spp. or acacia ____________________________________________________ 4 Anthemis cotula or Mayweed chamomile ____________________________________ 5 Atriplex semibaccata or Australian saltbush _________________________________ 5 Avena barbata and A. fatua or slender wild oat and wild oat ____________________ 6 Brassica nigra or black mustard ___________________________________________ 6 Bromus diandrus or ripgut _______________________________________________ 7 Capsella bursa-pastoris or shepherd’s purse _________________________________ 7 Cardaria draba or hoary cress_____________________________________________ 8 Carduus pycnocephalus or Italian thistle ___________________________________ 10 Carpobrotus chilensis, C. edulis or sea fig and hottentot fig ____________________ 12 Centaurea melitensis or tocalote __________________________________________ 13 Centaurea solstitialis or yellow starthistle___________________________________ 13 Chenopodium album or lamb’s quarters ___________________________________ 15 Cirsium vulgare or bull thistle____________________________________________ 16 Conium maculatum or poison hemlock. ____________________________________ 16 Convolvulus arvensis or field bindweed or wild morning-glory _________________ 19 Cortaderia jubata and C. selloana or Jubata grass and pampas grass ____________ 21 Cynodon dactylon or Bermuda grass ______________________________________ 24 Delairia odorata or cape ivy (Senecio mikanoides
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Plant Surveys and Vegetation Mapping For
    Appendix A Rare Plant and Vegetation Surveys 2002 and 2003 Santa Ysabel Ranch Open Space Preserve Prepared For The Nature Conservancy San Diego County Field Office The County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation By Virginia Moran, M.S. Botany Sole Proprietor Ecological Outreach Services P.O. Box 2858 Grass Valley, California 95945 Southeast view from the northern portion of the West Ranch with snow-frosted Volcan Mountain in the background. Information contained in this report is that of Ecological Outreach Services and all rights thereof reserved. Santa Ysabel Ranch Botanical Surveys 2 Contents I. Summary ……………………………………………………………… ……………. 4 II. Introduction and Methods……………………………..……………… …………… 5 III Results…………………………………………………………………...…………… 6 III.A. East Ranch Species of Interest Plant Communities III.B. West Ranch Species of Interest Plant Communities III.C. Sensitive Resources of the Santa Ysabel Ranch IV. Discussion……………………………………………………………….……………. 14 V. Conclusion…………………………………………….……………….……………… 18 VI. Management Recommendations…………………….……………………… …….. 19 VII. Suggested Future Projects………………….…….……………………… …………26 VIII. Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………… …….. 28 IX. References Cited / Consulted ……………………..……………………………….. 29 X. Maps and Figures ………………………….……………………………… ……... 30 Appendices 1 - 6 …………………………….…………………………………………….…44 Santa Ysabel Ranch Botanical Surveys 3 I. Summary The Santa Ysabel Ranch Open Space Preserve was established in 2001 from a purchase by The Nature Conservancy from the Edwards Family; the Ranch is now owned by the County of San Diego and managed as a Department of Parks and Recreation Open Space Preserve. It totals nearly 5,400 acres and is comprised of two parcels; an "East Ranch” and a "West Ranch". The East Ranch is east of the town of Santa Ysabel (and Highway 79 running north) and is bordered on the east by Farmer's Road in Julian.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Composition of Cattle and Vizcacha Diets in Cen- Tral Argentina
    J. Range Manage. 52:370–377 Botanical composition of cattle and vizcacha diets in cen- tral Argentina ELIANA E. BONTTI, ROBERTO M. BOO, LILIA I. LINDSTRÖM, AND OMAR R. ELIA Authors are assistant and fellow, Departamento de Biología and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); professor and researcher, Departamento de Agronomía (UNS) and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC); assistant, Departamento de Agronomía (UNS); research technician, CONICET. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS). Avenida San Andres 800 (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Abstract Resumen Cattle (Bos taurus) and vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) Las dietas de vacunos (Bos taurus) y vizcachas (Lagostomus diets were examined monthly in the semiarid Caldenal in cen- maximus) fueron examinadas mensualmente en el Caldenal tral Argentina. Cow-calf operations are the most important semiárido del centro de Argentina. La ganadería es la princi- economic activities within the region. In spite of a widespread pal actividad en la región. A pesar que la vizcacha se encuen- distribution of the vizcacha in Argentina, comparative studies tra ampliamente distribuida en la Argentina, existen pocos of the diet of cattle and vizcacha are scarce. The objective of estudios comparativos de la dieta de vacunos y vizcachas. El this work was to analyze the botanical composition, seasonal objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la composición botánica, trends, and possible dietary overlap between cattle and viz- tendencias estacionales y posible superposición dietaria entre cacha. Diets were determined by microscopic analysis of cattle vacunos y vizcachas. Las dietas se determinaron por análisis and vizcacha feces collected from November 1994 through microhistológico de heces de vacunos y vizcachas recogidas December 1995 in a shrubland community of the southern desde noviembre de 1994 hasta diciembre de 1995 en una Caldenal.
    [Show full text]