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World Bank Document 24559 December 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Ufbam MiMM Omrf LmMJ Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized PILOTING URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN SRI LANKA: METROPOLITAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 1990-1998 Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program (MEIP) An initiative of the World Bank, executed in Sri Lanka in partnership with the Ministry of Plan Implementation and Parliamentary Affairs December 1998 This publication was written by Tanvi Nagpal and Illangovan Patchamuthu, The World Bank and Ravi Pereira and Mookiah Thiruchelvam, MEIP, Colombo. Contents Foreword Acronyms Acknowledgments Summary: MEIP in perspective I. Brief History of MEIP-Colombo II. Strategies and Investment Planning III. Investment Program and Pilot Projects IV. Moving to Secondary Cities V. Lessons Learned Foreword As one of the first environmental initiatives funded by the World Bank in Sri Lanka, the Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program or MEIP, as it is commonly called, has lived up to high expectations. MEIP played a pioneering role in the evolution of the World Bank's dialogue with Sri Lankan stakeholders on environmental issues. It provided a venue for the government, civil society including nongovernmental organizations, the private sector, and the media to engage in constructive dialogue. Environmental policy, legislation and institutional reform in Sri Lanka have benefited from MEIP programs. MEIP has also assisted in mobilizing resources for environmental investments, including the World Bank-funded Colombo Environmental Improvement Project. Through its pilot and community demonstration projects, MEIP has not only made a difference in the lives of people, it has created structures that will enable communities to improve their own environment in the future. This publication and a series of issue papers that will emerge from the MEIP workshop in Colombo in December 1998, will highlight MEIP achievements, some of its innovations and the general lessons that were learned. We hope that these documents will be a useful guide for communities, nongovernmental organizations and other policy makers committed to solving the array of environmental problems that face urban areas every day. MEIP is a true team effort and we would like to extend our thanks to the Government of Sri Lanka and its officials, members of the private sector, representative of nongovernmental organization, community members, and MEIP staff. Roberto Bentjerodt Richard Ackermann Country Director, Sri Lanka Sector Manager, Environment South Asia Region South Asia Region The World Bank The World Bank November 20, 1998 iii Abbreviations and Acronyms CDC: Community Development Council CEA: Central Environment Authority . CEIP: Colombo Environmental Improvement Program CIEDP: Committee for the Integration of Environment into the Development Process CMC: Colombo Municipal Council CMRSP: Colombo Metropolitan Regional Structural Plan EMS: Environmental Management Strategy GOSL: Government of Sri Lanka IDA: International Development Association IPM: Industrial Pollution Management KfW: Kreditanstalf fur Wiederanfban (Reconstruction Credit Agency, Germany) MEIP: Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program M/HUD: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development NDB: National Development Bank NESC: National Environmental Steering Committee NGO: Nongovernmental Organization NWSDB: National Water Supply and Drainage Board PACE: Public Awareness Campaign on Environment PCAF: Pollution Control and Abatement Fund SMI-IV: Small and Medium Industries - IV SCOPE: Scheme for the Pollution of Control from Existing Industries UDA: Urban Development Authority UNDP: United Nations Development Programme USAID: United States Agency for International Development Acknowledgments In addition to the Staff, Consultants, Associates and NPCs - Past and Present of MEIP - Colombo, the staff of the World Bank field office and the NPCs of other regional MEIPs the following persons were closely associated with various phases of MEIP: Abayawardana, Dr. S. A. K. Kotagaama, Prof. S. Ailapperuma, W. D. Kuruppu, R Algama, R. Kuruppu, Ms. S. Allahakone, Ms. N. Madugalle, Deshabandu T. B. Amarasinghe, Cecil Maliyadde, C. Amarasinghe, Patrick Marikkar, Ms. Neela Amaratunga, G. K. Mathes, Dr. J. A. P. Ambalavanar, Dr. V. McCauley, Dr. D. Amirthalingamn, A. Mendis, Prof W. Anandagoda, A. Mohamed, Akiel Arudpragasam, Prof. K. D. Mohideen, Faiz Baldwin, M. Mohottala, Dr. A. W. Bandarathilake, K. G. D. Mohottala, Ms. N. Basnayake, H. Mubarak, Dr. A. M. Bassnayake, Dr. B. F. A. Nanayakkara, E. A. Batuwitage, Ms. P. Nanayakkara, V. K. Bulankulame, S. W. P. Nesiah, Dr. D. Chandrasekera, D. Nilaweera, Dixon Chanmugam, Ms. Shenuka Obeysekera, Dr. Sarath Chularathna, H. M. U. Paskaralingain, R. de Mel, Sathis Peiris, Tilney de Silva, Dr. N. R. Perera, G. L. de Silva, Lalanath Perera, G. V. S. de Tissera, C. H. Perera, M. A. V. Dias, Ms. Visakha Perera, S. S. Dissanayake, Leonard Perinpanayagam, T. Dissanayake, T. K. Premachandra, D. G. Dixon, N. D. Ramanujam, Dr. P. Ellepola, Ms. Ramnani Ranaweera, K. A. H. Femando, R. M. S. Ratwatte, Charitha Fermando, Austin Samarakody, Priyantha Femando, Tissa Sapukotana, U. Gunapala, R. D. Scott, Ed Gunasekara, K. A. S. Selvanathan, Mano Gunashanhar, G. J. Seneviratne, Asitha Gunawardena, Vas Senevirtne, S. L. Gunawardene, Prasanna Silva, Prof N. Guneratne, A. W. Silva, Prasanna Hewage, Ari Sirivardana, Vasantha Jayamaha, J. H. J. Sivagnansothy, V. Jayamanne, Ms. Manel Siyambalapitiya, Dr. J. T. Jayaratne, K. A. Speldewinde, Ms. K. P. M. Jayasekera, Lakshman Weerasekera, D. Jayasinghe, Roy Weerasinghe, Ms. Sandhya Jayasinghe, Lionel Weragoda, N. V. K. K. Jayasundara, Shantha Wickremaratne, L Jayatilake, K. A. K. Wijewantha, N. W. E Jayawardena, C. D. R. A. Yasaratne, Ms. Shirani Jayawardena, A. R M. Jayawardena, A. S. Jayawardena, H. M. K. S. Jayaweera, D. S. Jinadasa, S. A. Junaid, M. N. Kanagasingam, T. Karunaratne, Ms. Malika Keerthiratne, J. G. vi World Bank Staff Colombo Development Council Department of Meteorology Abedin, Ms. E. Department of Motor Traffic Ackerman, R. Development Finance Corporation of Ceylon Bentjerodt, R. Extemal Resources Department Davis, Ms. Gloria Federation of Charnbers of Commerce and Industries of Sri Hafeez, Rohil Lanka Hulugalle, Ms. S. Galle Municipal Council Illangovan, P. Industrial Technology Institute (formally CISIR) Kim, Ms. K. Industrial Association of Sri Lanka Kitamori, Ms. K. Kandy Municipal Council Koch-Wesser, Ms. M. Legal Draftsmen's Department Nagpal, Ms. T. Marine Pollution Prevention Authority Nangia, Rakesh Ministry of Finance Ramankutty, R. Ministry of Forestry and Environment Shah, J. Ministry of Housing and Urban Development Stem, S. Ministry of Industrial Development Vanjani, Ms. S. Ministry of Plan Implementation & Parliamentary Affairs Walton, T. E. Ministry of Provincial Council and Local Government Williams, D. Ministry of Science and Technology Zao, N. Ministry of Transport and Highways National Aquatic Resources and Research and Development MEIP Staff Agency National Building Research Organization de Silva, Shamali National Development Bank Fernando, Bernadette National Housing and Development Authority Hiripitya, Chandana National Planning Department Illangovan, Patchamuthu National Water Supply and Drainage Board Pereira, Ravi Nuwara Eliya Municipal Council Perera, Tamara Sri Lanka Association for Advancement of Science Pakeer, Zuhura Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Development Corporation Pilapitiya, Sumith Sri Lanka Ports Authority Ramachandran, Easha Sri Lanka Standards Institution Thiruchelvamn, M. Transport Study and Planning Centre Veliah, Mankesh University of Moratuwa Wanniarachchi, Malraki University of Peradeniya Wijeratne, Danny Urban Development Authority Wijeratne,Danny Urban Program Unit Nongovernmental Organizations Westem Provincial Council Sevanatha Donor Organizations Environmental Foundation Ltd Asia Foundation ArtEacharya Foundation Canadian Intemational Development Agency EMACE Foundation Government of Belgium Evergreen Foundation Nuwara E1liya Tourism and Trade Services Association Government of the Netherlands Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) United Nations Development Program Companies United States Agency for Intemational Development Andropogan Associates, USA Associated Engineering Intemational Ltd, Canada BKH Consulting Engineers, the Netherlands Engineering Consultants Ltd, Sri Lanka Environmental Engineering Consultants, Sri Lanka Environmental Resources Management, UK Grannt-McCann- Erickson, Sri Lanka Resource Development Consultants, Sri Lanka Roche Intemational, Canada Soil and Water Ltd, Finland Govermment and Private Institutions Board of Investment Central Environmental Authority Ceylon National Chamber of Industries Ceylon Petroleum Corporation Coast Conservation Department vii MEIP in Perspective In the eight years of its operation in Colombo, the Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program (MEIP) has made a lasting impression on policy makers and communities in the way they perceive urban environmental issues. MEIP has brought new ideas and innovative approaches to the table. It has partnered with local governments, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations (NGO) and communities to pilot projects, programs and approaches that have often, but not always, been success stories. Many of the ideas originated by MEIP have been adopted by the Government of Sri Lanka. Private enterprises have embraced good
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