DOCSLIB.ORG

The BAR Domain Proteins: Molding Membranes in Fission, Fusion, and Phagy Gang Ren,1,4 Parimala Vajjhala,1 Janet S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The BAR Domain Proteins: Molding Membranes in Fission, Fusion, and Phagy Gang Ren,1,4 Parimala Vajjhala,1 Janet S MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Mar. 2006, p. 37–120 Vol. 70, No. 1 1092-2172/06/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/MMBR.70.1.37–120.2006 Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. The BAR Domain Proteins: Molding Membranes in Fission, Fusion, and Phagy Gang Ren,1,4 Parimala Vajjhala,1 Janet S. Lee,1 Barbara Winsor,4 and Alan L. Munn1,2,3* 1 2 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, ARC Special Research Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, and School of Downloaded from Biomedical Sciences,3 University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia, and UMR7156, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Universite´Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg 67084, France4 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................................39 BUDDING YEAST Rvs PROTEINS...........................................................................................................................40 Nutrient Availability and the Control of Cell Proliferation ...............................................................................40 Rvs161p and Rvs167p Proteins and Their Common BAR Domain...................................................................40 BAR Domains of Rvs161p and Rvs167p Assemble into Heterodimers .............................................................40 Loss of Rvs161p or Rvs167p Causes a Similar and Diverse Spectrum of Phenotypes ..................................42 http://mmbr.asm.org/ Reduced viability upon starvation (Rvs؊).........................................................................................................42 Growth sensitivity to salt (especially Na؉).......................................................................................................42 Growth sensitivity to cytotoxic compounds .......................................................................................................42 Growth sensitivity to elevated temperature.......................................................................................................43 Growth on nonfermentable carbon sources ......................................................................................................43 Meiosis and sporulation ......................................................................................................................................43 Heterogeneous cell size and morphology upon starvation or exposure to Na؉ ..........................................43 Loss of actin cytoskeleton polarization to sites of polarized growth.............................................................43 Delocalized cell wall chitin deposition....................................................................................................44 Loss of bipolar bud site selection.......................................................................................................................44 on October 26, 2015 by University of Queensland Library Defective fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis...............................................................................44 Inefficient cell-cell fusion during mating...........................................................................................................44 Rvs161p and Rvs167p Structure-Function Relationships...................................................................................45 Rvs Proteins Localize to the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton ..................................................................................45 Subcellular localization of Rvs161p and Rvs167p............................................................................................45 Interactions between Rvs167p and actin patch proteins.................................................................................47 Roles of Rvs161p and Rvs167p in Endocytosis ....................................................................................................49 Rvs161p and Rvs167p in receptor-mediated internalization of ␣-factor......................................................49 Role for Rvs161p and Rvs167p in postinternalization trafficking through endosomes?............................57 Roles of Rvs161p and Rvs167p in the Secretory Pathway ..................................................................................58 Rvs161p and Rvs167p are not essential for all secretory membrane traffic................................................58 Rvs proteins may be required for polarized secretion during cell division .................................................58 Rvs proteins and post-Golgi apparatus traffic .................................................................................................58 Rvs proteins and ER-to-Golgi apparatus traffic...............................................................................................59 Rvs proteins and mating......................................................................................................................................59 rvs Mutations Interact with Actin and Myosin Mutations .................................................................................63 Rvs؊ phenotypes are associated with mutations affecting other actin cytoskeleton proteins ...................63 Genetic interactions between Rvs proteins and actin......................................................................................67 Genetic interactions between Rvs proteins and yeast myosins ......................................................................67 Rvs Proteins and Membranes.................................................................................................................................68 Association of cortical actin cytoskeleton with membranes............................................................................68 Fractionation of Rvs proteins with membranes ...............................................................................................68 Rvs proteins and lipid rafts ................................................................................................................................68 Suppression of Rvs؊ phenotypes by mutations affecting glycosphingolipid biosynthesis..........................69 Regulation of Rvs167p by Phosphorylation ..........................................................................................................72 Regulation of Rvs167p by Ubiquitination .............................................................................................................73 Genomic and Proteomic Approaches and the Diverse Network of Rvs Interactions......................................74 Large-scale two-hybrid screens for Rvs161p- and Rvs167p-interacting proteins ........................................74 Identification of Rvs167p SH3 domain-interacting proteins by phage display............................................74 Identification of Rvs161p- and Rvs167p-interacting proteins by high-throughput proteomics.................74 Mapping the genetic interactions of Rvs161p and Rvs167p by synthetic genetic array.............................74 Rvs161p and Rvs167p physical and genetic interactions suggest multiple functions in vivo....................74 * Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. Phone: 61-7-3346 2017. Fax: 61-7-3346 2101. E-mail: a.munn @imb.uq.edu.au. 37 38 REN ET AL. MICROBIOL.MOL.BIOL.REV. FISSION YEAST BAR DOMAIN PROTEINS Hob1p AND Hob3p......................................................................75 Hob3p, Fission Yeast Ortholog of Rvs161p ..........................................................................................................75 Hob3p has a domain structure similar to that of Rvs161p............................................................................75 Hob3p functions in polarization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton but not endocytosis............................75 Functional conservation between Hob3p, Rvs161p, and human Bin3.....................................................................75 Hob1p, Fission Yeast Ortholog of Rvs167p ..........................................................................................................75 Hob1p has a domain structure similar to that of Rvs167p............................................................................75 Hob1p is not required for polarization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton or endocytosis .........................75 Hob1p interacts with actin assembly proteins and protein kinases that regulate cell polarity................76 Downloaded from Hob1p functions in regulating cell cycle progression in response to nutrient availability........................76 Functional Conservation of Hob1p and Bin1 and Divergence of Rvs167p ......................................................76 Hob1p functions in regulation of cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage...............................76 Hob1p functions in a cell stress signal transduction pathway upstream of Hob3p ...................................77 VERTEBRATE BAR DOMAIN PROTEIN AMPHIPHYSIN 1 ..............................................................................77 Endocytic Recycling of Synaptic Vesicles ..............................................................................................................77 Role of dynamin 1 in synaptic vesicle recycling ...............................................................................................77
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dynamin Functions and Ligands: Classical Mechanisms Behind
    1521-0111/91/2/123–134$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.116.105064 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 91:123–134, February 2017 Copyright ª 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics MINIREVIEW Dynamin Functions and Ligands: Classical Mechanisms Behind Mahaveer Singh, Hemant R. Jadhav, and Tanya Bhatt Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India Received May 5, 2016; accepted November 17, 2016 Downloaded from ABSTRACT Dynamin is a GTPase that plays a vital role in clathrin-dependent pathophysiology of various disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, endocytosis and other vesicular trafficking processes by acting Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth as a pair of molecular scissors for newly formed vesicles originating disease, heart failure, schizophrenia, epilepsy, cancer, dominant ’ from the plasma membrane. Dynamins and related proteins are optic atrophy, osteoporosis, and Down s syndrome. This review is molpharm.aspetjournals.org important components for the cleavage of clathrin-coated vesicles, an attempt to illustrate the dynamin-related mechanisms involved phagosomes, and mitochondria. These proteins help in organelle in the above-mentioned disorders and to help medicinal chemists division, viral resistance, and mitochondrial fusion/fission. Dys- to design novel dynamin ligands, which could be useful in the function and mutations in dynamin have been implicated in the treatment of dynamin-related disorders. Introduction GTP hydrolysis–dependent conformational change of GTPase dynamin assists in membrane fission, leading to the generation Dynamins were originally discovered in the brain and identi- of endocytic vesicles (Praefcke and McMahon, 2004; Ferguson at ASPET Journals on September 23, 2021 fied as microtubule binding partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphorylation of Synaptojanin Differentially Regulates Endocytosis of Functionally Distinct Synaptic Vesicle Pools
    8882 • The Journal of Neuroscience, August 24, 2016 • 36(34):8882–8894 Cellular/Molecular Phosphorylation of Synaptojanin Differentially Regulates Endocytosis of Functionally Distinct Synaptic Vesicle Pools X Junhua Geng,1* Liping Wang,1,2* Joo Yeun Lee,1,4 XChun-Kan Chen,1 and Karen T. Chang1,3,4 1Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and 3Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, and 4Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 The rapid replenishment of synaptic vesicles through endocytosis is crucial for sustaining synaptic transmission during intense neuronal activity. Synaptojanin (Synj), a phosphoinositide phosphatase, is known to play an important role in vesicle recycling by promoting the uncoating of clathrin following synaptic vesicle uptake. Synj has been shown to be a substrate of the minibrain (Mnb) kinase, a fly homolog of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A); however, the functional impacts of Synj phosphorylation by Mnb are not well understood. Here we identify that Mnb phosphorylates Synj at S1029 in Drosophila. We find that phosphorylation of Synj at S1029 enhances Synj phosphatase activity, alters interaction between Synj and endophilin, and promotes efficient endocytosis of the active cycling vesicle pool (also referred to as exo-endo cycling pool) at the expense of reserve pool vesicle endocytosis. Dephosphorylated Synj, on the other hand, is deficient in the endocytosis of the active recycling pool vesicles but maintains reserve pool vesicle endocytosis to restore total vesicle pool size and sustain synaptic transmission. Together, our findings reveal a novel role for Synj in modulating reserve pool vesicle endocytosis and further indicate that dynamic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Synj differentially maintain endocytosis of distinct functional synaptic vesicle pools.
    [Show full text]
  • Solitary and Repetitive Binding Motifs for the Ap2 Complex Α-Appendage in Amphiphysin and Other Accessory Proteins
    SOLITARY AND REPETITIVE BINDING MOTIFS FOR THE AP2 COMPLEX α-APPENDAGE IN AMPHIPHYSIN AND OTHER ACCESSORY PROTEINS Lene E. Olesen*, Eva M. Schmid*, Marijn G. J. Ford#*, Yvonne Vallis, M. Madan Babu, Peter Li, Ian G. Mills∑, Harvey T. McMahon§ and Gerrit J.K. Praefcke♣§ Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Neurobiology Division, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. ♣ Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute for Genetics, Zülpicher Straße 47, 50674 Köln, Germany. Running Title: Classification of AP2 α-appendage-binding FxDxF and DxF/W motifs § Address correspondence to: Harvey T. McMahon, Email: [email protected]; Tel.: +44(0)1223-402311; Fax: +44(0)1223-402310 or Gerrit J.K. Praefcke, Email [email protected]; Tel.: +49(0)221-470-1561; Fax: +49(0)221-470-6749 Adaptor protein (AP) complexes bind to coated pits, for the platform subdomain of the transmembrane proteins destined for α-appendage. The motif domain of internalisation and to membrane lipids, so amphiphysin1 contains one copy of each of a linking cargo to the accessory internalisation DxF/W and FxDxF motif. We find that the machinery. This machinery interacts with the FxDxF motif is the main determinant for the appendage domains of APs, which have high affinity interaction with the α-adaptin platform and β-sandwich subdomains, appendage. We describe the optimal sequence forming the binding surfaces for interacting of the FxDxF motif using thermodynamic and proteins. Proteins which interact with the structural data and show how sequence subdomains do so via short motifs, usually variation controls the affinities of these motifs found in regions of low structural complexity for the α-appendage.
    [Show full text]
  • BIN1/M-Amphiphysin2 Induces Clustering of Phosphoinositides to Recruit Its Downstream Partner Dynamin
    ARTICLE Received 19 May 2014 | Accepted 22 Oct 2014 | Published 9 Dec 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6647 BIN1/M-Amphiphysin2 induces clustering of phosphoinositides to recruit its downstream partner dynamin Laura Picas1, Julien Viaud2, Kristine Schauer1, Stefano Vanni3, Karim Hnia4, Vincent Fraisier5, Aure´lien Roux6, Patricia Bassereau7,Fre´de´rique Gaits-Iacovoni2, Bernard Payrastre2, Jocelyn Laporte4, Jean-Baptiste Manneville1 & Bruno Goud1 Phosphoinositides play a central role in many physiological processes by assisting the recruitment of proteins to membranes through specific phosphoinositide-binding motifs. How this recruitment is coordinated in space and time is not well understood. Here we show that BIN1/M-Amphiphysin2, a protein involved in T-tubule biogenesis in muscle cells and fre- quently mutated in centronuclear myopathies, clusters PtdIns(4,5)P2 to recruit its down- stream partner dynamin. By using several mutants associated with centronuclear myopathies, we find that the N-BAR and the SH3 domains of BIN1 control the kinetics and the accumu- lation of dynamin on membranes, respectively. We show that phosphoinositide clustering is a mechanism shared by other proteins that interact with PtdIns(4,5)P2, but do not contain a BAR domain. Our numerical simulations point out that clustering is a diffusion-driven process in which phosphoinositide molecules are not sequestered. We propose that this mechanism plays a key role in the recruitment of downstream phosphoinositide-binding proteins. 1 Institut Curie and CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. 2 INSERM, UMR1048, Universite´ Toulouse III, Institut des Maladies Me´taboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 1 avenue Jean Poulhe`s, 31432 Toulouse, France.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Physiological Role of BIN1 Isoforms in Skeletal Muscle Development, Function and Regeneration
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/477950; this version posted December 11, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Differential physiological role of BIN1 isoforms in skeletal muscle development, function and regeneration Ivana Prokic1,2,3,4, Belinda Cowling1,2,3,4, Candice Kutchukian5, Christine Kretz1,2,3,4, Hichem Tasfaout1,2,3,4, Josiane Hergueux1,2,3,4, Olivia Wendling1,2,3,4, Arnaud Ferry10, Anne Toussaint1,2,3,4, Christos Gavriilidis1,2,3,4, Vasugi Nattarayan1,2,3,4, Catherine Koch1,2,3,4, Jeanne Lainné6,7, Roy Combe2,3,4,8, Laurent Tiret9, Vincent Jacquemond5, Fanny Pilot-Storck9, Jocelyn Laporte1,2,3,4 1Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France 2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Illkirch, France 3Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, Illkirch, France 4Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France 5Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France 6Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, F- 75013, Paris, France 7Sorbonne Université, Department of Physiology, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F- 75013, Paris, France 8CELPHEDIA-PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), Illkirch, France 9U955 – IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, 94700, France 10Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, UMRS 794, F- 75013, Paris, France Correspondence to: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/477950; this version posted December 11, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Sorting Nexins in Protein Homeostasis Sara E. Hanley1,And Katrina F
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 6 November 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0241.v1 Sorting nexins in protein homeostasis Sara E. Hanley1,and Katrina F. Cooper2* 1Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] * [email protected] Tel: +1 (856)-566-2887 1Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA Abstract: Sorting nexins (SNXs) are a highly conserved membrane-associated protein family that plays a role in regulating protein homeostasis. This family of proteins is unified by their characteristic phox (PX) phosphoinositides binding domain. Along with binding to membranes, this family of SNXs also comprises a diverse array of protein-protein interaction motifs that are required for cellular sorting and protein trafficking. SNXs play a role in maintaining the integrity of the proteome which is essential for regulating multiple fundamental processes such as cell cycle progression, transcription, metabolism, and stress response. To tightly regulate these processes proteins must be expressed and degraded in the correct location and at the correct time. The cell employs several proteolysis mechanisms to ensure that proteins are selectively degraded at the appropriate spatiotemporal conditions. SNXs play a role in ubiquitin-mediated protein homeostasis at multiple levels including cargo localization, recycling, degradation, and function. In this review, we will discuss the role of SNXs in three different protein homeostasis systems: endocytosis lysosomal, the ubiquitin-proteasomal, and the autophagy-lysosomal system. The highly conserved nature of this protein family by beginning with the early research on SNXs and protein trafficking in yeast and lead into their important roles in mammalian systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Endocytic Membrane Trafficking Pathway Plays a Major Role
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Liverpool Repository RESEARCH ARTICLE The Endocytic Membrane Trafficking Pathway Plays a Major Role in the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease Sara Bandres-Ciga, PhD,1,2 Sara Saez-Atienzar, PhD,3 Luis Bonet-Ponce, PhD,4 Kimberley Billingsley, MSc,1,5,6 Dan Vitale, MSc,7 Cornelis Blauwendraat, PhD,1 Jesse Raphael Gibbs, PhD,7 Lasse Pihlstrøm, MD, PhD,8 Ziv Gan-Or, MD, PhD,9,10 The International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), Mark R. Cookson, PhD,4 Mike A. Nalls, PhD,1,11 and Andrew B. Singleton, PhD1* 1Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain 3Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 4Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 5Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 6Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 7Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 8Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway 9Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada 10Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada 11Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA ABSTRACT studies, summary-data based Mendelian randomization Background: PD is a complex polygenic disorder.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the DAN Gene Family in Vertebrates
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/794404; this version posted June 29, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. RESEARCH ARTICLE Evolution of the DAN gene family in vertebrates Juan C. Opazo1,2,3, Federico G. Hoffmann4,5, Kattina Zavala1, Scott V. Edwards6 1Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 2David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 3Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD). 4 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 39762, USA. Cite as: Opazo JC, Hoffmann FG, 5 Zavala K, Edwards SV (2020) Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State Evolution of the DAN gene family in University, Mississippi State, 39762, USA. vertebrates. bioRxiv, 794404, ver. 3 peer-reviewed and recommended by 6 PCI Evolutionary Biology. doi: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 10.1101/794404 Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. This article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology Posted: 29 June 2020 doi: 10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100104 ABSTRACT Recommender: Kateryna Makova The DAN gene family (DAN, Differential screening-selected gene Aberrant in Neuroblastoma) is a group of genes that is expressed during development and plays fundamental roles in limb bud formation and digitation, kidney formation and morphogenesis and left-right axis specification.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutations in Pi(3,5)P2 Signaling and Neurodegeneration in Mouse and Human
    MUTATIONS IN PI(3,5)P2 SIGNALING AND NEURODEGENERATION IN MOUSE AND HUMAN by Clement Y. Chow A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Human Genetics) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Professor Miriam H. Meisler, Chair Professor Sally A. Camper Professor David Ginsburg Associate Professor David C. Kohrman Assistant Professor Geoffrey G. Murphy Clement Y. Chow 2008 To my wife, Candace For all her love and support ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my mentor, Miriam Meisler. She is the consummate scientist. Miriam is inquisitive and interested in a wide range of topics. This trait has taught me to always ask the right questions and be skeptical of conclusions that are not supported by data. Miriam’s unending desire to make each oral presentation perfect drove me to improve my own skills. I came to this lab without any public presentation skills, but I am now greatly improved in my presentation abilities, a skill crucial for a successful scientific career. Miriam is a perfectionist when it comes to writing and always encouraged me to do the same. I will continue to strive to perfect my writing abilities. I came to the lab wanting to positionally clone a mouse mutant. I told Miriam that I would stay in the lab if she allowed me to do so. She was supportive and excited from the beginning, allowing me to pursue a project with an unknown future. This allowed me to learn, first hand, many aspects of genetics that such a project provides.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity Mediated by Clathrin Adaptor-Protein Complexes 1 and 2 in Mice
    Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity mediated by Clathrin Adaptor-protein complexes 1 and 2 in mice Dissertation for the award of the degree “Doctor rerum naturalium” at the Georg-August-University Göttingen within the doctoral program “Molecular Biology of Cells” of the Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS) Submitted by Ratnakar Mishra Born in Birpur, Bihar, India Göttingen, Germany 2019 1 Members of the Thesis Committee Prof. Dr. Peter Schu Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, (Supervisor and first referee) University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Dr. Hans Dieter Schmitt Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute (Second referee) for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany Prof. Dr. med. Thomas A. Bayer Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Additional Members of the Examination Board Prof. Dr. Silvio O. Rizzoli Department of Neuro-and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Dr. Roland Dosch Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany Prof. Dr. med. Martin Oppermann Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany Date of oral examination: 14th may 2019 2 Table of Contents List of abbreviations ................................................................................. 5 Abstract ................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Multivariate Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Multivariate analysis reveals diferentially expressed genes among distinct subtypes of difuse astrocytic gliomas: diagnostic implications Nerea González‑García1,2, Ana Belén Nieto‑Librero1,2, Ana Luisa Vital3, Herminio José Tao4, María González‑Tablas2,5,6, Álvaro Otero2, Purifcación Galindo‑Villardón1,2, Alberto Orfao2,5,6 & María Dolores Tabernero2,5,6,7* Diagnosis and classifcation of gliomas mostly relies on histopathology and a few genetic markers. Here we interrogated microarray gene expression profles (GEP) of 268 difuse astrocytic gliomas—33 difuse astrocytomas (DA), 52 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA) and 183 primary glioblastoma (GBM)—based on multivariate analysis, to identify discriminatory GEP that might support precise histopathological tumor stratifcation, particularly among inconclusive cases with II–III grade diagnosed, which have diferent prognosis and treatment strategies. Microarrays based GEP was analyzed on 155 difuse astrocytic gliomas (discovery cohort) and validated in another 113 tumors (validation set) via sequential univariate analysis (pairwise comparison) for discriminatory gene selection, followed by nonnegative matrix factorization and canonical biplot for identifcation of discriminatory GEP among the distinct histological tumor subtypes. GEP data analysis identifed a set of 27 genes capable of diferentiating among distinct subtypes of gliomas that might support current histological classifcation. DA + AA showed similar molecular profles with only a few discriminatory genes
    [Show full text]
  • Rabbit Anti-ADAM9/FITC Conjugated Antibody-SL20104R-FITC
    SunLong Biotech Co.,LTD Tel: 0086-571- 56623320 Fax:0086-571- 56623318 E-mail:[email protected] www.sunlongbiotech.com Rabbit Anti-ADAM9/FITC Conjugated antibody SL20104R-FITC Product Name: Anti-ADAM9/FITC Chinese Name: FITC标记的去整合素样金属蛋白酶9抗体 A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9; A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9; ADAM 9 antibody ADAM metallopeptidase domain 9; Cellular disintegrin Alias: related protein; Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9; MCMP; MDC9; Meltrin gamma; Metalloprotease disintegrin cysteine rich protein 9; Mltng; Myeloma cell metalloproteinase; ADAM9_HUMAN. Organism Species: Rabbit Clonality: Polyclonal React Species: Human,Mouse,Rat,Dog,Cow,Rabbit,Sheep, ICC=1:50-200IF=1:50-200 Applications: not yet tested in other applications. optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user. Molecular weight: 88kDa Form: Lyophilized or Liquid Concentration: 2mg/1ml immunogen: KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human ADAM9 Lsotype: IgGwww.sunlongbiotech.com Purification: affinity purified by Protein A Storage Buffer: 0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol. Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. The lyophilized antibody is stable at room temperature for at least one month and for greater than a year Storage: when kept at -20°C. When reconstituted in sterile pH 7.4 0.01M PBS or diluent of antibody the antibody is stable for at least two weeks at 2-4 °C. background: This gene encodes a member of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family. Members of this family are membrane-anchored proteins structurally related to Product Detail: snake venom disintegrins, and have been implicated in a variety of biological processes involving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including fertilization, muscle development, and neurogenesis.
    [Show full text]