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An Ill-Fated Journey by Lindsay Foss

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An Ill-Fated Journey by Lindsay Foss Appendix : canadian geographic articles 4 ADAPTED FROM N An Ill-fated Journey by Lindsay Foss www.canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition/history4 n May 5, 1845, Sir John Franklin, an explorer and captain O of the Royal Navy, was given official instructions to go on a three-year expedition to locate the Northwest Passage, a route linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. On the morning of May 19, 1845, the from starvation and malnutrition. expedition consisting of two ships – the More recently, theories suggest the Terror and Erebus – sailed from Green- Franklin Expedition crew fell victim hithe, England, along with 129 men and to lead poisoning – nearly 8,000 tin enough provisions to last at least three cans, sealed with lead and filled with years. preserved meat, soup and vegetables, were aboard the ships. At the end of July 1845, the expedition met two whaling ships – the Prince of According to some, the rest of the crew Wales and the Enterprise – in Baffin Bay. abandoned the ships and trekked across It was the expedition’s last contact with the ice, towards King William Island. the outside world. None of the men survived the expedi- tion. Reports from the Inuit suggest During September 1846, the Terror and that crew died right there on the ice. Erebus became trapped in the Arctic ice in the Victoria Strait, forcing the end of Many questions surrounding the Frank- the expedition. lin Expedition remain unanswered. From this point, the details of the ex- Only a few facts remain: Franklin and pedition are scarce, leaving room for his two sea-faring vessels remain in myth and mystery. Discoveries from the Canadian Arctic, stubbornly sunk search parties confirm that Sir John roughly 100 kilometres away from the Franklin died on June 11, 1847 by an Northwest Passage they were sent to unknown cause, and by the spring of find over 150 years ago. 1848, 24 members of the crew had died. People speculate that they died For the full online special feature, visit: canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition Appendix 4 | Finding Franklin | Canadian Geographic article 1 4 Annexe : articles de canadian geographic EXTRAIT DE N Une expédition fatale par Lindsay Foss www.canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition/history4 e 5 mai 1845, Sir John Franklin, un explorateur et L capitaine de la Marine royale, a reçu des instructions officielles pour entreprendre une expédition de trois ans pour trouver le Passage du Nord-Ouest reliant les océans Atlantique et Pacifique. Le matin du 19 mai 1845, l’expédition et de malnutrition. Plus récemment, formée de deux navires, le Terror et certaines théories laissent croire que l’Erebus, est partie de Greenhithe, en l’équipage de l’expédition Franklin a Angleterre, avec 129 hommes à bord été victime d’un empoisonnement au et des provisions suffisantes pour au plomb. Quelque 8 000 boîtes de con- moins trois ans. serves, scellées au plomb et contenant de la viande, de la soupe et des légumes À la fin de juillet 1845, l’expédition a ren- se trouvaient à bord des navires. contré deux baleiniers, le Prince of Wales et l’Enterprise, dans la baie de Baffin. Selon certains dires, le reste de Ce fut le dernier contact de l’expédition l’équipage a abandonné les navires avec le monde extérieur. et a marché à travers les glaces vers l’île King William. Aucun homme n’a Au cours du mois de septembre 1846, survécu à cette expédition. Selon des le Terror et l’Erebus devinrent emprison- rapports des Inuits, les membres de nés dans les glaces de l’Arctique dans l’équipage sont morts sur la glace. le détroit de Victoria, forçant la fin de l’expédition. De nombreuses questions entourant l’expédition Franklin demeurent sans À partir de ce moment, les détails de réponse. cette expédition sont rares et donnent lieu à un mythe et au mystère. Les dé- Seuls quelques faits demeurent: Frank- couvertes des équipes de recherche lin et ses deux navires demeurent dans confirment que Sir John Franklin est l’Arctique canadien, coulés à environ décédé le 11 juin 1847 de cause incon- 100 kilomètres du Passage du Nord- nue et, au printemps de 1848, 24 mem- Ouest qu’ils devaient trouver il y a plus bres de l’équipage étaient morts. On de 150 ans. spécule qu’ils sont morts de famine Pour obtenir plus de détails, veuillez consulter le site Web suivant : canadiangeographic.ca/specialfeatures/franklinexpedition (en anglais seulement) Annexe 4 | À la recherche de Franklin | Article 1 de Canadian Geographic Appendix : canadian geographic articles 4 N ADAPTED FROM Northern Exposure by Jeffrey Murray Canadian Geographic, January/February 2007 n search of a shortcut from Europe to Asia, early Europeans’ I maps of the Northwest Passage started as theory and slowly developed into accurate representations. The first explorers concentrated on the Between 1903 and 1906, the Norwegian inlets of Baffin Island and on Hudson adventurer Roald Amundsen travelled Strait and Hudson Bay. the passage in his ship the Gjøa, becom- ing the first to make the crossing by sea. After these routes were found to be dead ends, William Edward Parry in 1819 Almost 40 years later, Canada’s Henry and John Ross in 1829 refocused Arctic Larsen in the RCMP schooner St. Roch exploration into the icy straits north of became the first person to travel the Baffin Island. passage from west to east, in 1940-42. When the St. Roch returned to Vancou- The Franklin expedition from 1845 ver from Halifax in 1944, it became the to 1847 and Franklin search parties af- first vessel to sail through the passage terwards defined most of the Arctic re- in a single year and to have travelled it gion by the end of the 1800s. A search in both directions. team led by Robert McClure from 1850 to 1854 is credited with discovering the For a period, more was known about the Northwest Passage. Around that time, Arctic islands and the Northwest Passage the British government realized that than about the boreal ecozone of Ontario using the Northwest Passage as a ship- and the Prairies. ping route was impossible, so they gave the Arctic islands to Canada on July 31, 1880. For the full article, visit: canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/jf07/alacarte Appendix 4 | Finding Franklin | Canadian Geographic article 2 4 Annexe : articles de canadian geographic EXTRAIT DE N Exposition au Nord par Jeffrey Murray Canadian Geographic, janvier/février 2007 ées de la recherche d’un raccourci de l’Europe N à l’Asie, les premières cartes des Européens sur le Passage du Nord-Ouest sont d’abord apparues comme une théorie et sont lentement devenues des représentations exactes. Les premiers explorateurs se sont con- des îles de l’Arctique au Canada le 31 centrés sur les passages de l’île de Baf- juillet 1880. fin ainsi que sur le détroit d’Hudson et la baie d’Hudson. De 1903 à 1906, l’aventurier norvégien Roald Amundsen a traversé le passage Après avoir découvert que ces routes à bord de son navire, le Gjøa, le pre- étaient des impasses, William Ed- mier à le faire par voie maritime. ward Parry, en 1819, et John Ross, en 1829, ont reconcentré l’exploration de Presque 40 ans plus tard, le Canadien l’Arctique dans les détroits glacés du Henry Larsen, à bord de la goélette nord de l’île de Baffin. St. Roch de la GRC, est devenu la pre- mière personne à traverser le passage L’expédition Franklin, de 1845 à 1847, et d’ouest en est, en 1940-1942. Lorsque les équipes de recherche par la suite, le St. Roch est revenu à Vancouver à ont défini la plus grande partie de la ré- partir d’Halifax, en 1944, il est devenu gion arctique à la fin des années 1800. le premier navire à traverser le passage Une équipe de recherche, dirigée par en une seule année et à avoir navigué Robert McClure de 1850 à 1854, est dans les deux directions. reconnue pour avoir découvert le Pas- sage du Nord-Ouest. À cette époque, le Pendant un certain temps, on en gouvernement britannique s’est rendu connaissait davantage sur les îles de compte que l’utilisation du Passage du l’Arctique et le Passage du Nord-Ouest Nord-Ouest comme route de naviga- que sur l’écozone boréale de l’Ontario tion était impossible. Il a donc fait don et des Prairies. Pour obtenir plus de détails, veuillez consulter le site Web suivant : canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/jf07/alacarte (en anglais seulement) Annexe 4 | À la recherche de Franklin | Article 2 de Canadian Geographic Appendix : canadian geographic articles 4 N ADAPTED FROM Northwest Passage Trailblazer by Stefan Superina Canadian Geographic, January/February 2012 enry Larsen, immigrated to Canada from Norway Hin 1923, and about 20 years later, become the first Canadian to navigate the treacherous Northwest Passage. Soon after joining the RCMP in 1928, winter of 1940 on the coast of Victoria Larsen became the master commander Island. But that didn’t mark the end of of the St. Roch, a wooden schooner that Larsen’s relationship with the passage. supplied RCMP posts in the western Two years later, when the Canadian Arctic, carrying out regular police du- government ordered Larsen to recon- ties and responding to emergencies. In firm the nation’s Arctic independence, 1940, Larsen finally got the chance to he set off again, this time from Hali- navigate through the Northwest Pas- fax, navigating the St. Roch through sage, on a west-to-east course — the the Northwest Passage via the Prince first person to do so.
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