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Niterói 2017 Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto De Ciências Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Filosofia Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Amanda Muniz Logeto Caitité O autismo como diversidade: ontologias trazidas à existência no ativismo político, em práticas da psicologia e em relatos em primeira pessoa. Niterói 2017 Amanda Muniz Logeto Caitité O autismo como diversidade: ontologias trazidas à existência no ativismo político, em práticas da psicologia e em relatos em primeira pessoa. Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia do Departamento de Psicologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Psicologia. Área de concentração: Subjetividade, política e exclusão social Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Katia Aguiar Niterói 2017 Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Central do Gragoatá C137 Caitité, Amanda Muniz Logeto. O autismo como diversidade : ontologias trazidas à existência no ativismo político, em práticas da psicologia e em relatos em primeira pessoa / Amanda Muniz Logeto Caitité. – 2017. 212 f. : il. Orientadora: Katia Aguiar. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Psicologia, 2017. Bibliografia: f. 190-202. 1. Ontologia. 2. Transtorno do espectro autista. 3. Psicologia. 4. Deficiência psicossocial. I. Aguiar, Katia. II. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Psicologia. III. Título. Bibliotecária: Mahira de Souza Prado CRB-7/6146 DEDICATÓRIA Às forças misteriosas do mundo. A mainha, painho, Loy, Bento e Rubem, porque são uma família muito amorosa. Às tias Ivanilde, Neide, Cleusa, Célia, Sylene, Simone, Vera, Madá, Tania, aos tios Reginaldo e Paschoal, assim como a Arilson e Dra. Bertine, pelas preces e conselhos. Às demais amigas e amigos, porque sem o amor de vocês eu não teria conseguido. A João, por me fazer tão feliz. AGRADECIMENTOS A Katia Aguiar, agradeço por ser essa manifestação vibrante, alegre, da força que é o acaso. Escolher é verbo que aqui não se aplica, você foi uma excelente orientadora para mim. Fomos um presente, uma para a outra, uma dádiva! Tenho com nitidez na memória os olhos cintilantes que encontrei em você, no dia em que nos conhecemos. Tudo naquele dia foi um conforto, fui inundada pela segurança de ter o apoio necessário para completar o desafio que me coloquei, ao escolher o caminho de cursar o doutorado. Em todas as vezes que me abraçou e me deu a mão, um novo ímpeto de alegria e perseverança se formou em mim! Eu não teria conseguido longe de você, sem que você tivesse apostado com tanta força na possibilidade de conclusão do curso, agradeço sobretudo pela existência dessa tese! Você pôde acompanhar de forma competente meus processos de escrita, e garantiu as condições necessárias para a concretização do texto, e da banca de defesa. Agradeço pela leitura atenta, e por cada uma das nossas reuniões de orientação. Ao coletivo que você compõe, sou grata pela enorme receptividade, no pouco tempo de convivência que tivemos. Agradeço em especial a Diana Malito, por ser essa pessoa tão bonita e carinhosa, pela leitura atenta deste trabalho, observações muito proveitosas, e pela disponibilidade com que sempre me recebeu. A Clarice Rios, sou grata pela participação nas bancas de qualificação e defesa, e sobretudo à existência desta tese! Com seu incentivo e apoio, eu pude ganhar autoconfiança para iniciar a pesquisa, obter aprovação no conselho de ética, e realizar as entrevistas. Sem você eu não teria acesso a grande parte da bibliografia utilizada, não teria alcançado a perseverança necessária para escrever este trabalho. Agradeço a disponibilidade para se encontrar comigo, a leitura cuidadosa dos capítulos, e a honestidade em apontar no texto aquilo que pode ser dito com outras palavras, num outro tom ou formato. Guardo uma admiração imensa por sua competência como pesquisadora, e a convicção de que você tem muito a contribuir para o estudo do autismo no Brasil! Levarei comigo a memória das tantas vezes que me abraçou, incentivou e ofereceu suporte afetivo. A Marcia Moraes, agradeço por participar das bancas de qualificação e defesa, e por ser essa fonte inesgotável de alegria contagiante! Em meio a mulheres fortes, pude experimentar eu também a força de dizer o que penso, e descobrir que minhas contribuições também são valiosas. Em sala de aula, aprendi contigo, Marcia, a valorizar alunas e alunos, com a convicção de que qualquer comentário é matéria para construir um pensamento incrível, e de que ensinar é enaltecer a potência de cada pessoa que encontramos. Serei sempre imensamente grata por acolherem a minha presença, permitindo que eu reconhecesse em mim atitudes que podem mudar, para que eu possa beneficiar mais efetivamente as comunidades onde me encontro. Agradeço pelas excelentes discussões de textos e trabalhos, e em especial a Fátima Queiroz, pelas contribuições no exame de qualificação. A Arthur, agradeço pela oportunidade de cursar o doutorado, por ter me escolhido como orientanda, por me acolher com todo o respeito, alegria e carinho, e pela leitura dos meus textos. De tudo o que aprendi contigo, guardo com um zelo particular a importância de ser amorosa comigo mesma, e importância me inserir com mais afinco em atividades acadêmicas. Tenho muita admiração por seu trabalho! Aos colegas de grupo de pesquisa e orientação, sou grata por terem sido pacientes em um momento difícil. Pude aprender muito com as excelentes discussões de textos e projetos, e sou especialmente grata a Natalia pela introdução ao autismo como tema de pesquisa, e a Bruno por ser sempre tão gentil. Agradeço a Rita, por ser esta pessoa tão competente e atenciosa, assim como aos demais servidores e funcionários da UFF, em especial a Cláudia pelo carinho e pela maravilhosa salada de frutas. Agradeço também ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia. A Karla, agradeço o desejo de aprender a arte de ser uma psicóloga poeta, ofício que minha imaginação nunca ousara alcançar, e que você materializou de forma repentina, cintilante, em algum lugar entre meu espanto e minha paixão. O gosto por literatura, poesia, e filosofia permitiu uma intimidade contigo, um deslumbre imediato. Que presente o acaso me ofertou! Nosso encontro me restituiu aos poucos a alegria dos dias, o desejo de mar, de rio, de novos encontros, de vida! Gratidão ao acaso, por ter me proporcionado essa dádiva, e à equipe de estágio que tive a oportunidade de acompanhar. Minha gratidão mais encantada por Willy, que recolheu toda a ternura do mundo e trouxe para mim, embrulhada em músicas e poesias, a cada aniversário e no momento que antecedeu a defesa. Encontrei neste, e em tantos outros gestos de cuidado, um sopro de vida que me acendeu o desejo de estar no mundo, e de escrever. Agradeço também por algumas de suas palavras bonitas, que vaguearam por nossas conversas, e depois encontraram passagem neste texto. Que as forças misteriosas permitam a continuidade de cada átimo de brilho que você traz no olhar, brilho que, uma vez em meus olhos, faz da sua presença em minha vida a mais desejada eternidade. Agradeço a Giovanna Marafon e Beatriz Sankovschi pela incrível participação na banca de defesa. Vocês transbordam amorosidade e perspicácia, suas sugestões serão de inestimável valor para desdobramentos futuros deste trabalho. Sou grata a Rita Louzeiro, Amanda Paschoal, Fernanda Santana, e demais ativistas brasileiros da neurodiversidade, por compartilharem suas reflexões nas redes sociais, contribuindo muito para a elaboração deste texto. Agradeço à CAPES, pela bolsa de doutorado. Agradeço a todas as pessoas que cederam gentilmente seu tempo para participar desta pesquisa, em especial àquelas cujas contribuições não puderam ser incluídas no texto. Guardo um carinho enorme por cada uma de vocês! RESUMO CAITITÉ, A. M. L. O autismo como diversidade: ontologias trazidas à existência no ativismo político, em práticas da psicologia e em relatos em primeira pessoa. Tese (Doutorado em Psicologia) – Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 2017. O autismo tem ganhado visibilidade na mídia, nas redes sociais, assim como no cotidiano de escolas, universidades e outras instituições. Com o acréscimo mundial no número de diagnósticos, questões relativas à definição, e a políticas públicas de cuidado aglutinam pessoas com diferentes posicionamentos, que constroem locais com práticas distintas. Neste trabalho, partimos da concepção de que a realidade do autismo não existe em si mesma, mas ganha forma nestes diferentes campos de prática. Se em manuais da psiquiatria o autismo foi constituído originalmente como patologia, é possível que, em outros locais, outras ontologias venham a existir. Diante destas muitas possibilidades, buscamos colocar em evidência práticas que fazem o autismo existir como diversidade. Foi esta a ontologia que decidimos privilegiar neste texto, propondo uma descrição inventiva da realidade. Para isso, visitamos três campos diferentes: descrevemos as disputas entre grupos de autistas e pais de autistas; entrevistamos profissionais dedicados a diferentes práticas da psicologia (psicanálise e terapias comportamentais); consultamos um documentário, e livros em que autistas contam as histórias de suas vidas. Em cada um destes campos, encontramos elementos que nos permitiram fazer o autismo existir neste texto como um modo diverso de estar no mundo, uma diferença a ser respeitada. Palavras-chave: ontologia, transtorno do espectro autista, psicologia, deficiência psicossocial. ABSTRACT CAITITÉ, A. M. L. Autism as diversidty: ontologies
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