DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Fire Activity Report 1996

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Fire Activity Report 1996 U.S. FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE Annual Fire Activity Report 1996 cÜxÑtÜxw uç W|ä|á|ÉÇ Éy exyâzxá Y|Üx `tÇtzxÅxÇà UÜtÇv{ UÉ|áx? \wt{É TABLE OF CONTENTS 1996 Fire Statistics Regional Map . i National Fire Summary . 1 Regional Fire Summary . 2 Wildfires . 15 By Cause . 16 By Size Class . 16 No Page . 17 By State . 18 10 - Day Period . 20 Wildfire Occurrence Map (missing). .21 Prescribed Burns . 22 Burn Plan Objective . 23 By State . 24 Prescribed Burn Occurrence Map (missing). 26 1992 - 1996 Statistics Region 1. 27 Region 2. 29 Region 3. 31 Region 4. 33 Region 5. 35 Region 6. 37 Region 7. 39 Regions 1-7 . 41 5-Year Average . 43 False Alarms . 45 Support Action . 45 1987 - 1996 Statistics Wildfires. 46 Prescribed Burns. 47 Department of Interior Wildfires. 48 Prescribed Burns. 49 U.S. FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE Regional Map i NATIONAL The 1996 wildland fire season was a The Service burned 261,268 acres, with challenge for firefighters for many 157,994 acres being the 5-year reasons. Major fire suppression activity average. All Regions had higher occurred for almost 10 months, numbers of personnel in the field - either beginning in the Southern States as on Service incidents or providing early as January and continuing in support to our cooperators, with a southern California in late October. This mobilization range from 12 to 114 marathon season left geographic areas personnel out at any one time. There competing for national resources were 111 non-fire funded to battle blazes on their fronts. personnel made available, with a Although challenged by a long fire number of these filling law season, firefighters worked enforcement/security assignments diligently and with a passion for on major incidents. Regions also safety. As a result, no Federal cooperated by exchanging engine firefighters lost their lives on crews and other personnel to firelines while battling a blaze. support Service pre-positioning Wildland urban interface problems needs. Fire assignments and continued to be a problem, with exchanges of personnel always 800 structures destroyed in 14 benefit the receiving and sending States. A few national statistics: units by allowing employees to learn new ways of doing business 6,065,998 acres were and refresh themselves from the affected by wildland fires - routine of their normal work. the most since 1952, when 6,690,000 acres burned. Prescribed fire activity suffered due to the weather and the national fire 93,363 fires were reported to season. The Service burned 164,263 NIFC. The 10-year average is acres, with 189,290 acres being the 72,869. 5-year average. As a new initiative within the Fire Management Program, Federal agencies spent a several students from the Student combined $721 million on fire Conservation Association were trained suppression. in prescribed burning operations, and worked in Regions 6 and 4. These Miller's Reach fire in Anchorage, students learned about two separate Alaska, claimed 344 structures ecosystems while providing extra help to after burning 37,336 acres during burn more acreage. We will use this the first 2 weeks in June. approach again this year, with the hope of expanding the program. Two military battalions were mobilized to support suppression activities during the latter part of August. 1 REGION Fire activity for 1996 was relatively light Rehabilitation plans were completed and on Region 1 refuges in comparison to approved for two fires on the Minidoka other agencies, especially in Oregon and for five fires on Mid-Columbia River and California. The most significant NWRC. activity was increased inter-refuge use of fire crews for prescribed burns. This Inter-regional sharing of fire crews occurred both Regionally and nationally continued in 1996. Region 1 crews saw again this year. action on St. Marks and Florida Panther NWRs in Region 4, and Bitter Lake and As usual, Regional fire staffing is in a Buenos Aires NWRs in Region 2. state of flux. FMO Additionally, refuge crews Joette Borzik was participated in 181 support hired at our new San action fires to other Diego NWR to agencies, both in and out of handle interagency the Region. coordination, planning and fire Prescribed fire continues to history for southern be strongly emphasized in California. She will the Region. Refuge have an engine crew this coming personnel were able to complete 89 season. San Luis NWR (California) had burns, for a total of 22,574.4 acres. This a new crew and worked closely with is a reduction from usual prescribed fire Bakersfield BLM (through Kern NWR) acreage due to intense wildfire activity in and the Sierra and Mendocino National Oregon and California during the normal Forests. About 50 percent of the crew's prescribed fire season and the fact that time was spent doing large fire support. nationally, we were in Preparedness Both career-seasonal engine bosses at Level IV and V for an extended period of Malheur NWR moved on to new time. positions (Jeff Casey to Texas coast refuges [AFMO] and Andy Renc to a maintenance position at Malheur NWR). These vacated positions are presently being advertised. There were 62 wildfire starts on Region 1 refuges in 1996, with 65 additional threatening the refuges. The 62 wildfires burned 8,975.2 acres of FWS land. 2 REGION refuges. This jump-started the request As the R-2 fire season turned out this and activation for emergency year, the hottest dispatch was presuppression funds throughout the supporting the interagency fire Region to preposition engine crews. As community in the Southwest, Northwest, the Southwest fire season came to an and Northern area large fires. Resource end, support for the Northwest fire mobilization from refuges consisted of season began. At the height of the engines and an array of interagency Northwest fire season, only two engine overhead assignments, to include air crews remained in Region 2 - one at operations, dispatch, single resource, Lower Rio Grande Valley and one at safety officer, and line operation Buenos Aires. positions. Approximately 650 staff days were devoted to interagency support. With emergency presuppression engine During Region 2's 360-day fire season, crews in place and the Southwest area 135 fires burned approximately 30,500 fire season off to a fast start, the acres with wildfires prescribed fire burn occurring in each month program was left in a of the year. This was state of flux. State-wide the second busiest fire burn bans and season in terms of acres restrictions occurred in burned, and the highest late winter in Oklahoma number of incidents in and Texas, continuing the past 10 years. throughout Arizona and Human-caused and New Mexico in the late lightning-caused starts spring and early were split at summer months. By 78/22 percent, respectively. Nearly half mid-August, with a national the acres burned were attributed to Preparedness Level of V, one-third of human-caused fires from 2 refuges in the targeted FY96 prescribed burn acres the Region (Wichita Mountains and had been accomplished. Region 2 Bosque Del Apache). ended up with 49 prescribed burns, for a total of 19,220.8 acres burned. Aransas The 1996 wildland fire season in and Brazoria contributed to 37 of the Region 2 began in January with a wind- prescribed burns, for a combined 15,223 driven 8,000-acre grass fire on Wichita acres. Several refuge fire stations with Mountains Wildlife Refuge. The fire a fire management staff were able to started 8 miles southwest of the refuge assist in conducting prescribed burns in and consumed 10,000 acres of their designated intra- and interagency grassland off-refuge. Ongoing drought zone areas. The Region certified one conditions, along with extreme weather Type 2 Burn Boss and three Type 3 conditions, would be the mainstay of fire Burn Boss positions this season. behavior influence throughout the late winter in parts of Oklahoma and Texas One of the season's highlights in terms of rehabilitation needs was the San Pedro fire on Bosque Del Apache NWR, 3 which burned 4,100 acres between management staff to discuss and June 8 and June 12, 1996. DI-1202 fire develop decisions in the areas of: report occurrence remarks were: “In FIREPRO budget submissions/requests, terms of magnitude and behavior, this fire training issues, personnel hiring was the worst fire in the 57-year history issues, prescribed burn crew of the refuge. In a matter of hours, developments, prescribed burn plan some of the finest riparian forest in the project submissions, emergency middle Rio Grande Valley was presuppression/severity funding destroyed. This native riparian requests, primary and secondary community supports one of the most firefighter retirement coverage status, diverse wildlife assemblage of any and equipment maintenance and habitat in the southwestern United acquisition. In November, the Region States, and is invaluable to neotropical hosted the national Regional Fire migrating songbirds and several Management Coordinators’ meeting in endangered species." Albuquerque, New Mexico. Discussion highlights in this 2-day meeting included: Refuge fire management programs review of the 1996 fire season by throughout the Region conducted Region, fire engine training details, wildland firefighting safety refresher emergency presuppression detail courses, several 100 and 200 level guidelines, fire program manager’s suppression courses, and basic aviation course, FY97-and-beyond budget safety. The Region was able to update, SCA RX Burn Crew, Wildland squeeze in an FMO meeting in late Fire Policy implementation, and August at Austin, Texas. The 3-day fire standardized PDs for fire positions. management meeting provided the opportunity for national, Regional and ***ALL FIREFIGHTERS HAVE THE refuge fire management staff, refuge RIGHT TO A SAFE ASSIGNMENT*** project leaders, and Regional personnel 4 REGION Fire activity in Region 3 was about as part of interagency crews, especially average in intensity for 1996.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • California Fire Siege 2007 an Overview Cover Photos from Top Clockwise: the Santiago Fire Threatens a Development on October 23, 2007
    CALIFORNIA FIRE SIEGE 2007 AN OVERVIEW Cover photos from top clockwise: The Santiago Fire threatens a development on October 23, 2007. (Photo credit: Scott Vickers, istockphoto) Image of Harris Fire taken from Ikhana unmanned aircraft on October 24, 2007. (Photo credit: NASA/U.S. Forest Service) A firefighter tries in vain to cool the flames of a wind-whipped blaze. (Photo credit: Dan Elliot) The American Red Cross acted quickly to establish evacuation centers during the siege. (Photo credit: American Red Cross) Opposite Page: Painting of Harris Fire by Kate Dore, based on photo by Wes Schultz. 2 Introductory Statement In October of 2007, a series of large wildfires ignited and burned hundreds of thousands of acres in Southern California. The fires displaced nearly one million residents, destroyed thousands of homes, and sadly took the lives of 10 people. Shortly after the fire siege began, a team was commissioned by CAL FIRE, the U.S. Forest Service and OES to gather data and measure the response from the numerous fire agencies involved. This report is the result of the team’s efforts and is based upon the best available information and all known facts that have been accumulated. In addition to outlining the fire conditions leading up to the 2007 siege, this report presents statistics —including availability of firefighting resources, acreage engaged, and weather conditions—alongside the strategies that were employed by fire commanders to create a complete day-by-day account of the firefighting effort. The ability to protect the lives, property, and natural resources of the residents of California is contingent upon the strength of cooperation and coordination among federal, state and local firefighting agencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Is It a Red Flag Day?
    Is it a Red Flag Day? A Special Section on the Social Aspects of Wildfire Presented by the National Park Service in cooperation with Project Learning Tree, the Fire Prevention Officers of Marin County, and the Marin Independent Journal Advertising Department 2 Fire Recycles ildland fire is an plant particles while the larger material AIR SUN W ecological remains as ash. process affecting almost Ash returns nutrients from plants back all of the earth's vegeta- into the soil, especially calcium, potassi- tion. Underwater plants um and phosphorous. Nitrogen is are generally an returned by the nitrogen-fixing plants that PLANTS excpetion, although flourish after a fire and begin the process FIRE when seaweed or algae of regrowth. Without nitrogen, proteins are left onshore to dry, cannot be made, and DNA cannot be SOIL they too, can become fuel. reproduced. In some places, wildland fire occurs regularly enough that Most of the earth's nitrogen is in the species depend on it. air, but can’t be breathed in. Nitrogen-fix- What's Inside ers host bacteria in their roots which The length of a fire return interval, or convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form Fire Recycles . 2 "fire cycle" varies based on the climate, plants and animals can use. Defensible Space vegetation, and ignition frequency of a Like many hardwood trees, shrubs and other Perspectives. 3 particular location. Ignitions are mainly Plants in the pea family (legumes) are flowering plants, this California bay survived caused by lightning, volcanic ash, lava, notorious for their nitrogen fixing abilities. a wildfire by resprouting at the base.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaster Declarations in California
    Disaster Declarations in California (BOLD=Major Disaster) (Wildfires are Highlighted) 2018 DR-4353 Wildfires, Flooding, Mudflows, And Debris Flows Declared on Tuesday, January 2, 2018 - 06:00 FM-5244 Pawnee Fire Declared on Sunday, June 24, 2018 - 07:11 FM-5245 Creek Fire Declared on Monday, June 25, 2018 - 07:11 2017 DR-4301 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Mudslides Declared on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 - 13:15 EM-3381 Potential Failure of the Emergency Spillway at Lake Oroville Dam Declared on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 - 14:20 DR-4302 Severe Winter Storm Declared on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 - 14:30 DR-4305 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, and Mudslides Declared on Thursday, March 16, 2017 - 04:48 DR-4308 Severe Winter Storms, Flooding, Mudslides Declared on Saturday, April 1, 2017 - 16:55 DR-4312 Flooding Declared on Tuesday, May 2, 2017 - 14:00 FM-5189 Wall Fire Declared on Sunday, July 9, 2017 - 14:18 FM-5192 Detwiler Fire Declared on Monday, July 17, 2017 - 19:23 DR-4344 Wildfires Declared on Tuesday, October 10, 2017 - 08:40 2016 FM-5124 Old Fire Declared on Saturday, June 4, 2016 - 21:55 FM-5128 Border 3 Fire Declared on Sunday, June 19, 2016 - 19:03 FM-5129 Fish Fire Declared on Monday, June 20, 2016 - 20:35 FM-5131 Erskine Fire Declared on Thursday, June 23, 2016 - 20:57 FM-5132 Sage Fire Declared on Saturday, July 9, 2016 - 18:15 FM-5135 Sand Fire Declared on Saturday, July 23, 2016 - 17:34 FM-5137 Soberanes Fire Declared on Thursday, July 28, 2016 - 16:38 FM-5140 Goose Fire Declared on Saturday, July 30, 2016 - 20:48
    [Show full text]
  • The View from Here
    The View from Here Figure 1 -- The iconic image of the South Canyon Fire blow-up that will claim the lives of 14 wildland firefighters. Acknowledging our current culture and its shortcomings while using its strengths to lead change. December 2018 The View from Here 1 This collection represents collective insight into how we operate and why we must alter some of our most ingrained practices and perspectives. Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 I Risk ................................................................................................................................................ 4 1. The Illusion of Control ............................................................................................................. 5 2. It’s Going to Happen Again ................................................................................................... 14 3. The Big Lie – Honor the Fallen .............................................................................................. 19 4. The Problem with Zero ......................................................................................................... 26 5. RISK, GAIN, and LOSS – What are We Willing to Accept? .................................................... 29 6. How Do We Know This Job is Dangerous? ............................................................................ 39 II Culture .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Fire Activity Report
    U.S. FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE Regional Map Akaska REGION 7 Pacific REGION 1 Mountain - Prairie Northeast REGION 6 REGION 5 Great Lakes-Big Rivers California and Nevada REGION 3 REGION 8 Southeast Southwest REGION 4 REGION 2 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 2007 Fire Statistics Regional Map .............................................................................................................. i Regional Activity Summaries Pacific .............................................................................................................. 1 Southwest ........................................................................................................ 5 Great Lakes-Big River .................................................................................... 8 Southeast ......................................................................................................... 12 Northeast ......................................................................................................... 18 Mountain-Prairie ............................................................................................. 24 Alaska .............................................................................................................. 28 California and Nevada...................................................................................... 41 Wildfires Fire Activity Map ............................................................................................. 50 Number / Acres ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Letter of Interest
    I would like to add my name to the list of nominations. In my professional capacity of Emergency Manager, I have over 35 years of local government experience. My work on local hazard mitigation plans projects affecting our coastline has helped me become familiar with the role of the California Coastal Commission. Currently, our City of Port Hueneme is working with local, state, and Federal stakeholders in addressing coastal erosion and sand replenishment. We also have several strategic plans that will cause us to interface with the Coastal Commission in the coming years. I believe in a regional approach to planning and caring for our coast. My local government experience has also provided me the skill set necessary for serving on this very important commission. Thank you for your consideration. Respectfully, Laura D. Hernandez City Councilmember City of Port Hueneme 250 N. Ventura Road Port Hueneme, CA 93041 (805) 986-6503 [email protected] Laura D. Hernandez Port Hueneme City Council Ms. Hernandez was elected to the Port Hueneme City Council in 2018 She was elected by her peers as Mayor Pro Tem in 2019 and served as Education the City’s Mayor in 2020. Ms. Laura D. Hernandez offers over 35 years ▪ California State of local government experience. As a member of the City Council, she University, Los Angeles (CSULA) Master of serves as a member of the Board of Directors for the following special Science, Public districts and organizations. Administration (MSPA) ▪ University of • Ventura County Regional Sanitation District and
    [Show full text]
  • Wildfires and Air Pollution the Hidden Health Hazards of Climate Change
    SLUG WILDFIRES AND AIR POLLUTION THE HIDDEN HEALTH HAZARDS OF CLIMATE CHANGE By Alyson Kenward, PhD, Dennis Adams-Smith, and Urooj Raja 2013 WILDFIRES AND AIR POLLUTION THE HIDDEN HEALTH HAZARDS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ABOUT CLIMATE CENTRAL Climate Central surveys and conducts scientific research on climate change and informs the public of key findings. Our scientists publish and our journalists report on climate science, energy, sea level rise, wildfires, drought, and related topics. Climate Central is not an advocacy organization. We do not lobby, and we do not support any specific legislation, policy or bill. Climate Central is a qualified 501(c)3 tax-exempt organization. Climate Central scientists publish peer-reviewed research on climate science; energy; impacts such as sea level rise; climate attribution and more. Our work is not confined to scientific journals. We investigate and synthesize weather and climate data and science to equip local communities and media with the tools they need. Princeton: One Palmer Square, Suite 330 Princeton, NJ 08542 Phone: +1 609 924-3800 Toll Free: +1 877 4-CLI-SCI / +1 (877 425-4724) www.climatecentral.org 2 WILDFIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SUMMARY Across the American West, climate change has made snow melt earlier, spring and summers hotter, and fire seasons longer. One result has been a doubling since 1970 of the number of large wildfires raging each year. And depending on the rate of future warming, the number of big wildfires in western states could increase as much as six-fold over the next 20 years. Beyond the clear danger to life and property in the burn zone, smoke and ash from large wildfires produces staggering levels of air pollution, threatening the health of thousands of people, often hundreds of miles away from where these wildfires burn.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to Order Requesting Information Re. Zogg Fire and Order
    Case 3:14-cr-00175-WHA Document 1250 Filed 10/26/20 Page 1 of 16 1 JENNER & BLOCK LLP Reid J. Schar (pro hac vice) 2 [email protected] 353 N. Clark Street 3 Chicago, IL 60654-3456 4 Telephone: +1 312 222 9350 Facsimile: +1 312 527 0484 5 CLARENCE DYER & COHEN LLP 6 Kate Dyer (Bar No. 171891) [email protected] 7 899 Ellis Street 8 San Francisco, CA 94109-7807 Telephone: +1 415 749 1800 9 Facsimile: +1 415 749 1694 10 CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE LLP Kevin J. Orsini (pro hac vice) 11 [email protected] 12 825 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10019 13 Telephone: +1 212 474 1000 Facsimile: +1 212 474 3700 14 Attorneys for Defendant PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC 15 COMPANY 16 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 17 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION 18 19 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Case No. 14-CR-00175-WHA 20 Plaintiff, RESPONSE TO ORDER 21 REQUESTING INFORMATION RE 22 ZOGG FIRE AND ORDER FOR v. FURTHER INFORMATION RE 23 ZOGG FIRE PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY, 24 Judge: Hon. William Alsup Defendant. 25 26 27 28 RESPONSE TO ORDER REQUESTING INFORMATION RE ZOGG FIRE AND ORDER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION RE ZOGG FIRE Case No. 14-CR-00175-WHA Case 3:14-cr-00175-WHA Document 1250 Filed 10/26/20 Page 2 of 16 1 Defendant Pacific Gas and Electric Company (“PG&E”) respectfully submits this 2 response to the Court’s October 12 and October 21, 2020 orders requesting information 3 regarding the Zogg Fire.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonoma County Community Wildfire Protection Plan
    Sonoma County Community Wildfire Protection Plan FIRE SAFE SONOMA Disclaimer Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view(s) of any governmental agency, organization, corporation or individual with which the authors may be affiliated. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. The Sonoma County Community Wildfire Prevention Plan (the Plan) is a work in progress. Various changes are anticipated throughout the Plan over the next several years. Readers are urged to consult with their own agencies having jurisdiction regarding the use or implementation of this Plan, as well as their own legal counsel on matters of concern. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this Plan, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by receiving this publication. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your specific situation. The publisher, sponsors and authors shall not be liable for any loss of profit or any other damages, including but not limited to, special incidental and/or consequential damages. This Plan is not to be construed as indicative of project “activity” as defined under the “Community Guide to the California Environmental Quality Act, Chapter Three; Projects Subject to CEQA.” Because the Sonoma County CWPP does not legally commit any public agency to a specific course of action or conduct and thus, is not a project subject to CEQA or NEPA.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 ODF Protection Fire Season Report
    PROTECTION FROM FIRE FIRE SEASON REPORT 2016 Protecting Oregon’s forestlands from fire through a complete and coordinated system. TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Protection Division at a glance _________________________________________________ 3 Fire Season Overview_________________________________________________________ 4 Fire Season at a glance _______________________________________________________ 5 Wildfire causes and prevention ________________________________________________ 10 Fire Operations ____________________________________________________________ 13 Equipment Pool ____________________________________________________________ 17 Smoke Management ________________________________________________________ 19 Fire investigation ___________________________________________________________ 22 Agency Contact Information __________________________________________________ 23 FIRE SEASON 2016 REPORT MISSION AND STRATEGY The mission of the Oregon Department of Forestry’s Fire Protection Division is to protect more than 16 million acres of private and public forestland in Oregon from wildfire. This is accomplished through a complete and coordinated system that brings together the personnel and other resources of the Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF) with: other state agencies city fire departments • rural fire protection districts • rangeland protection associations • federal wildfire agencies • contractors • forest landowners • •As the largest fire department in Oregon, the Division’s over-arching goal is to minimize cost and loss through
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Tahoe West Science Summary Report
    Lake Tahoe West Science Summary of Findings Report November 3, 2020 Cover Photo: Looking north to the Lake Tahoe West area from a prescribed burn at Baldwin meadow, with the burned area from the Emerald wildfire of 2016. Science Team Members Jonathan W. Long, Patricia N. Manley, Angela Mariana Dobre and Erin Brooks (University of M. White, Keith M. Slauson, Stacy A. Drury, Eric Idaho) S. Abelson, Brandon M. Collins (USDA Forest Sam Evans, Tim Holland, and Matthew Potts Service Pacific Southwest Research Station) (University of California at Berkeley) Keith Reynolds (USDA Forest Service Pacific Adrian Harpold and Sebastian Krogh Navarro – Northwest Research Station) (University of Nevada at Reno) William Elliot and I. Sue Miller (USDA Forest John Mejia (Desert Research Institute) Service Rocky Mountain Research Station) Chad Hoffman & Justin Ziegler (Colorado State Rob Scheller and Charles Maxwell (North University) Carolina State University) Abstract As part of the Lake Tahoe West Restoration Partnership, a science team worked with resource managers to evaluate effects of forest dynamics and management strategies on social and ecological values within a 59,000-acre landscape in the western part of the Lake Tahoe basin in California. Forest growth and fire dynamics were modeled across the landscape using the LANDIS-II platform over 100 years; interconnected models were used to evaluate changes in wildlife habitat, water quality, and economics. Additional modeling and some field monitoring were conducted to evaluate how treatments would affect fire behavior, fuels, and snow hydrology within forest stands. These investigations evaluated how different management strategies would affect outcomes important to stakeholders, including abundance of old trees, wildlife habitat, fine sediment, water quantity, implementation costs, fire characteristics and threats, air quality, cultural resource quality, and carbon sequestration.
    [Show full text]
  • Risk of Post-Fire Metal Mobilization Into Surface Water Resources
    Science of the Total Environment 599–600 (2017) 1740–1755 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Science of the Total Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/scitotenv Review Risk of post-fire metal mobilization into surface water resources: Areview Joji Abraham ⁎, Kim Dowling, Singarayer Florentine School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen Campus, VIC 3350, Australia HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT • Forest catchment supply high quality water to a number of communities around the world. • Forest fire release sequestered metals from soil organic matter and vegetation. • Post-fire erosion rapidly transports these metals to downstream soil and water bodies. • Their deposition in the water bodies af- fects the water quality and aquatic biota. • This metal contamination may reach to human being as a consumer. article info abstract Article history: One of the significant economic benefits to communities around the world of having pristine forest catchments is Received 8 March 2017 the supply of substantial quantities of high quality potable water. This supports a saving of around US$ 4.1 trillion Received in revised form 11 May 2017 per year globally by limiting the cost of expensive drinking water treatments and provision of unnecessary infra- Accepted 11 May 2017 structure. Even low levels of contaminants specifically organics and metals in catchments when in a mobile state Available online 19 May 2017 can reduce these economic benefits by seriously affecting the water quality. Contamination and contaminant mo- fi Editor: D. Barcelo bility can occur through natural and anthropogenic activities including forest res. Moderate to high intensity forest fires are able to alter soil properties and release sequestered metals from sediments, soil organic matter Keywords: and fragments of vegetation.
    [Show full text]