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Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Public Disclosure Authorized QUALITATIVE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MONITORING ROUND TWO REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JUNE 2013 World Bank and Myanmar Development Research COMMISSIONED BY THE LIVELIHOODS AND FOOD SECURITY TRUST FUND Public Disclosure Authorized Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Round Two Report 2 This report has not undergone the review accorded to official World Bank publications. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Round Two Report 3 Acknowledgement We would like to thank Australia, Denmark, the European Union, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States for their kind contributions to improving the livelihoods and food security of the poorest and most vulnerable people in Myanmar. Their support to the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT) is gratefully acknowledged. Disclaimer This document has been produced with financial assistance from Australia, Denmark, the European Union, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the governments of Australia, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Round Two Report 4 CONTENTS Executive Summary .............................................................. i Livelihoods ................................................................................................................................... i Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... i Livestock ......................................................................................................................................iii Fishing ........................................................................................................................................... iv Casual Labor .............................................................................................................................. iv Shocks and Coping Strategies ............................................................................................ v Gender .......................................................................................................................................... vi External Assistance .............................................................................................................. vii Social Relations and Institutions .................................................................................. vii Changes from QSEM 1 ....................................................................................................... viii Implications for Lift ............................................................................................................ viii Introduction ........................................................................ 1 Methodology ....................................................................... 2 Analytical Framework ........................................................................................................... 5 Report Structure........................................................................................................................ 7 Section One: Livelihoods ..................................................... 8 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................. 8 Crops and Landholding Sizes............................................................................................... 8 Labor and Farming Assets ................................................................................................. 12 Other Farming Inputs –Fertilizer, Pesticides and Seeds ...................................... 13 Credit ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Markets ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Agriculture Shocks ................................................................................................................ 23 Livestock ................................................................................................................................... 24 Households ................................................................................................................................ 24 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Outputs and Markets ............................................................................................................ 27 Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Round Two Report 5 Livestock Shocks ..................................................................................................................... 30 Fishing ........................................................................................................................................ 31 Households ................................................................................................................................ 31 Inputs ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Outputs and Markets ............................................................................................................ 33 Fishing-specific Shocks ........................................................................................................ 34 Casual Labor ............................................................................................................................ 34 Households ................................................................................................................................ 34 Casual Labor Shocks ............................................................................................................. 38 Section Two: Shocks and Coping Strategies ...................... 39 Migration and Remittances ............................................................................................. 41 Reducing Household Expenditures ............................................................................. 42 Pawning Household Assets .............................................................................................. 44 Section Three: Gender ...................................................... 45 Section Four: External Assistance ..................................... 47 Aid Received ............................................................................................................................ 47 Needs, Priorities and Community Perceptions ..................................................... 49 Aid Delivery, Targeting and Decision-making ....................................................... 51 Community Contributions................................................................................................ 53 Transparency, Aid Equity & Complaints ................................................................... 54 Section Five: Social Relations and Institutions .................. 56 Social Capital and Collective Action ............................................................................ 56 Conflict and crime ................................................................................................................. 59 Types and functions of local institutions .................................................................. 61 Dynamics of leadership and power ............................................................................. 62 Section Six: Changes from QSEM 1 ................................... 67 Section Seven: Conclusions & Implications ....................... 68 Climate adaptation ............................................................................................................... 68 Credit and financial services ........................................................................................... 69 Qualitative Social and Economic Monitoring Round Two Report 6 Agriculture, Extension and Livestock......................................................................... 69 Fishing ........................................................................................................................................ 70 Aid effectiveness.................................................................................................................... 70 Appendices .......................................................................
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