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Regulating Trans-Ingur/I Economic Relations Views from Two Banks
RegUlating tRans-ingUR/i economic Relations Views fRom two Banks July 2011 Understanding conflict. Building peace. this initiative is funded by the european union about international alert international alert is a 25-year-old independent peacebuilding organisation. We work with people who are directly affected by violent conflict to improve their prospects of peace. and we seek to influence the policies and ways of working of governments, international organisations like the un and multinational companies, to reduce conflict risk and increase the prospects of peace. We work in africa, several parts of asia, the south Caucasus, the Middle east and Latin america and have recently started work in the uK. our policy work focuses on several key themes that influence prospects for peace and security – the economy, climate change, gender, the role of international institutions, the impact of development aid, and the effect of good and bad governance. We are one of the world’s leading peacebuilding nGos with more than 155 staff based in London and 15 field offices. to learn more about how and where we work, visit www.international-alert.org. this publication has been made possible with the help of the uK Conflict pool and the european union instrument of stability. its contents are the sole responsibility of international alert and can in no way be regarded as reflecting the point of view of the european union or the uK government. © international alert 2011 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. -
Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals Report 2010
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Millennium Dev elopment Goals Report 2010 ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS REPORT 2010 OCTOBER 2010 2 FOREWORD This MDG 2010 Report presents an analysis of progress on the MDG targets set by Afghanistan, one of the states striving to reduce poverty in the midst of serious insecure conditions that it continues to encounter. Emerging out of decades of conflicts, we took the bold step in 2004 to join the league of countries committed to pursue policies and strategies to reach the millennium development goal targets and reduce poverty. As a late comer to the league, we set our millennium development goal targets for 2020 instead of 2015. Through using a set of selected indicators this report measures our country’s progress towards the targets it set for each of the goals from the original baseline position it started. Despite difficulties in data collection due to initial lack of technical capacity, inadequate resources and insecure conditions hampering data collection, the Central Statistics Organization and our line ministries have collected as much data as possible, which enabled us to prepare this report for the Millennium Summit. Our data analyses reflect our current position in the targets we have set, relative to our initial (baseline) conditions but our data also shows some absolute progress we have made, which might look small in closing the gap between the initial condition and the MDG targets, yet their achievements, which reflect a resource constrained determination in pursuit of the millennium development goals. Our 2010 Report shows in which goals and targets advances have been made while not neglecting areas where progress is still lagging and inequalities continuing. -
Chronicle: the Caucasus in the Year 2009
Chronicle: The Caucasus in the year 2009 January 2 January 2009 Greece, which takes over the OSCE chairmanship from Finland, declares diplomatic efforts will continue to reach a consensus on the extension of the OSCE mission in Georgia 4 January 2009 Georgian Ministry of Internal Affairs says Georgian police post was attacked in the village of Ganmukhuri at the Abkhaz administrative border 6 January 2009 Azerbaijan Democratic Party condemns the closure of foreign radio stations in Azerbaijan 6 January 2009 Georgian public TV announces Georgia’s participation in the Eurovision song contest in Moscow in May 8 January 2009 An inter-agency anti-corruption council is set up in Georgia to upgrade the national anti-corruption strategy and action plan 9 January 2009 US and Georgian officials sign a bilateral charter on strategic partnership 9 January 2009 Transit of Russian gas to Armenia is halted after a gas pipeline is damaged in Southern Georgia 10 January 2009 Russian state-controlled electricity trader Inter RAO signs a memorandum of understanding with Georgia on the exploitation of the Enguri hydro power plant (HPP) 12 January 2009 Tbilisi Mayor Gigi Ugulava rules out early elections 12 January 2009 Swiss Foreign Minister Micheline Calmy-Rey visits Georgia to sign agreement with Georgian Foreign Minister Grigol Vashadze on the protection of Georgia’s interests in Russia by Switzerland 12 January 2009 Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves visits Azerbaijan 13 January 2009 Opposition parties in Georgia criticize the government for striking -
Abkhazia to Be Included in Even More Distant
caucasus analytical caucasus analytical digest 07/09 digest rity? Which flexible arrangements are conceivable for zia, whether in the framework of a common state or the issuing of visas for Abkhaz holders of Georgian as two cooperating independent states, have become passports that would allow Abkhazia to be included in even more distant. The same is true to an even greater European education and exchange programs? extent for the possible integration of both into a “polit- Which measures would allow the EU to enhance ical Europe” expanded to include the Black Sea region. the efficiency of its necessary long-term engagement on Nevertheless, that seems to be the only alternative to the behalf of political and legal reforms in Georgia? The suc- development that currently seems to be the most likely cess of these reforms is a precondition for the country’s one, namely a factual annexation of the small Abkhaz peaceful domestic consolidation and thus also for greater state by Russia in a Southern Caucasus that will likely flexibility towards the secessionist republics. be afflicted by geopolitical confrontation and instabil- Since the events of August 2008, the prospects of ity for a long time to come. peaceful reconciliation between Georgia and Abkha- Translated from German by Christopher Findlay About the Author Walter Kaufmann is an independent analyst and the former director (2002–2008) of the Heinrich Böll Foundation South Caucasus. Opinion Georgia’s Relationship with Abkhazia By Paata Zakareisvili, Tbilisi Abstract The August 2008 conflict between Georgia and Russia fundamentally changed the situation regarding the separatist territories in Georgia, fundamentally strengthening Russia’s position. -
Dr. Kaush Arha Senior Advisor for Strategic Engagement, United States Agency for International Development (Usaid)
FORUM SPEAKERS H.E. NOVRUZ MAMMADOV PRIME MINISTER OF AZERBAIJAN Mr. Novruz Mammadov was appointed Prime Minister of Azerbaijan in April 2018. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Mammadov was serving as an Assistant to the President of Azerbaijan on foreign issues as well as serving as Head of the Department of Lexicology and Stylistics of the French Language at the Azerbaijan University of Languages. Previously, Mr. Mammadov has served as a senior interpreter in Algeria and Guinea, Dean of Preparatory Faculty and Dean of Faculty of the French Language at the Azerbaijan Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages, Head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan, and interpreter to former President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev. He was granted the rank of Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan in January 2002 and in September 2005, Mr. Mammadov became a member of the National Commission of the Republic of Azerbaijan for UNESCO. Mr. Mammadov has received a number of honors including the French Legion d’Honneur Order by former French President Jacques Chirac, the Order of the Legion of Honor of Poland by former Polish President Lech Kaczyński, and the Order of Glory (Shohrat) by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan. MR. ELDAR ABAKIROV DEPUTY MINISTER OF ECONOMY OF KYRGYZSTAN Eldar Abakirov is Deputy Minister of Economy of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and a Board Member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Kyrgyzstan. From 2010-11 he worked as an expert at the National Bank of Kyrgyzstan and from 2003-10 he held several positions including Chief Specialist to the Deputy Director of the Treasury Department at JSC Bank Center Credit in Almaty, Kazakhstan. -
RECCA-Annual-Review
YEARS FROM NEGOTIATION TO INVESTMENT, CONSTRUCTION, & TRADE: A NEW DECADE OF PROGRESS RECCA Annual Review 2016 www.recca.af Download our publications at www.recca.af Standard Disclaimer This is a technical document drawing on multiple data sources, all of which are open source. While any analysis is based on this data, both sins of commission or omission are the responsibility of the RECCA technical team. Should there be either typographic or data errors in the report, kindly communicate these in writing to [email protected] and a revised version will be posted on line. This report is the final consultation version only. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Copyright Statement All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Directorate General of Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malik Asghar Street, Phase II, Kabul City, Afghanistan. 2016 © Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan +93 20-210-4350 /RECCAfghanistan flickr/RECCAfghanistan [email protected] @RECCAfghanistan /RECCAfghanistan www.recca.af +RECCAfghanistan CONTENTS 1 Message from the Minister of Foreign Affairs 2 Abbreviations 3 Executive Summary 7 RECCA Annual Review 2016 Overview 10 Regional Cooperation & Investment -
Chronicle: the Caucasus in the Year 2014
Chronicle: The Caucasus In the Year 2014 January 1 January 2014 The Georgian State Ministry for Reintegration is renamed into State Ministry for Reconciliation and Civic Equality in a move that Tbilisi officials say will help engagement with the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia 4 January 2014 Russia pledges over 180 million dollars to the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in 2014–2016 through a decree signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev with the financial aid to be provided via the Russian Ministry of Construction 14 January 2014 Hungary becomes the twelfth country to recognize Georgia’s neutral travel documents designed for residents of the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia 16 January 2014 Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili says that Russia lacks the levers to deter the country’s signing of an Association Agreement with the European Union although provocations are expected 20 January 2014 Georgian President Giorgi Margvelashvili meets with his Turkish counterpart Abdullah Gül and Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan during a visit to Turkey that includes meetings with representatives of the Georgian diaspora 30 January 2014 Czech President Milos Zeman says during Armenian President Serzh Sarkisian’s official visit to Prague that the mass killings of Armenians during the Ottoman empire amounted to a “genocide” February 3 February 2014 Azerbaijani parliament speaker Oqtay Asadov calls on religious clerics to perform prayers in Azeri and not in Arabic to make it easier for people to -
Como Exportar Geórgia
Como Exportar Geórgia entre Ministério das Relações Exteriores Departamento de Promoção Comercial e Investimentos Divisão de Informação Comercial Como Exportar Geórgia Sumário SUMÁRIO VI – ESTRUTURA DE COMÉRCIO............................50 1..Canais.de.distribuição.......................................... 50 INTRODUÇÃO.........................................................2 2..Promoção.de.vendas............................................ 53 MAPA......................................................................3 3..Práticas.comerciais.............................................. 55 DADOS BÁSICOS.....................................................4 VII - RECOMENDAÇÕES ÀS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS 60 I – ASPECTOS GERAIS............................................5 1. Geografia.............................................................5 ANEXOS................................................................62 2..População.............................................................6 I.–.ENDEREÇOS...................................................... 62 3..Transportes.e.comunicações.................................. 12 II.–.TRANSPORTES.E.COMUNICAÇÕES.COM. 4..Estrutura.política.e.administrativa.......................... 15 .......O.BRASIL........................................................ 79 5..Participação.em.organizações.internacionais............ 18 III.–.INFORMAÇÕES.SOBRE.SGP............................... 79 IV.–.INFORMAÇÕES.PRÁTICAS.................................. 80 II – ECONOMIA, MOEDA E FINANÇAS...................20 1..Perspectiva.econômica........................................ -
Abkhazia: the Long Road to Reconciliation
Abkhazia: The Long Road to Reconciliation Europe Report N°224 | 10 April 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Political Realities in Abkhazia .......................................................................................... 3 A. Russia’s Military Presence ......................................................................................... 3 B. Russian Financial Dependence .................................................................................. 6 C. Property and Other Disputes ..................................................................................... 8 III. Overcoming Obstacles in the Georgia-Russia Standoff and Abkhazia ........................... 12 A. Georgia-Russia Relations .......................................................................................... 12 B. The Geneva International Discussions and Humanitarian Issues ............................ 13 C. The Non-Use of Force ............................................................................................... -
The Brookings Institution the Political Crisis in Georgia
GEORGIA-2009/06/17 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION THE POLITICAL CRISIS IN GEORGIA: PROSPECTS FOR RESTORATION Washington, D.C. Wednesday, June 17, 2009 PARTICIPANTS: Introduction: CARLOS PASCUAL Vice President and Director Foreign Policy Studies, The Brookings Institution Featured Speaker: IRAKLI ALASANIA Former U.N. Ambassador Head of Alliance for Georgia Moderator: STEVEN PIFER Acting Director, Center for the United States and Europe (CUSE) The Brookings Institution * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 GEORGIA-2009/06/17 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. PASCUAL: Good afternoon. My name is Carlos Pascual. I'm one of the Vice Presidents of Brookings, and the Director of the Foreign Policy Studies Program, and it's a real pleasure to welcome you to this discussion with Irakli Alasania on Georgia, it's democratic roots and its future as an independent state and the future of his democracy. It's a real pleasure to welcome you to this discussion and to welcome Irakli here to Brookings. He, as an individual, is actually a symbolic of a new generation, and what is easy to call the former Soviet states but in fact is something different, and we still are in search of a better name for it. But he's someone who has lived his professional career in an independent Georgia, which is in fact a startling transition and new reality. And it's one that despite all of the challenges and difficulties that we have seen over the years, is one from which we should take encouragement that Georgia has gained its independence, it's sustained its independence, and that there is now a new breed of young professional who are accomplished and whose reality is an independent Georgian state, and they will never go back from that independent Georgian state. -
Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan National Development Strategy 1387 – 1391 (2008 – 2013) A Strategy for Security, Governance, Economic Growth & Poverty Reduction ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful إِ نﱠ ا ﻟ ﻠّ ﻪَ ﻻَ ﻳُ ﻐَ ﻴﱢ ﺮُ ﻣَﺎ ﺑِ ﻘَ ﻮْ مٍ ﺣَﺘﱠﻰ ﻳُ ﻐَ ﻴﱢ ﺮُ و اْ ﻣَﺎ ﺑِ ﺄَ ﻧْ ﻔُ ﺴِ ﻬِ ﻢْ Verily, never will Allah change the condition of people unless they change it themselves (013,011) VISION FOR AFGHANISTAN By the solar year 1400 (2020), Afghanistan will be: A stable Islamic constitutional democracy at peace with itself and its neighbors, standing with full dignity in the international family. A tolerant, united, and pluralistic nation that honors its Islamic heritage and the deep seated aspirations toward participation, justice, and equal rights for all. A society of hope and prosperity based on a strong, private-sector led market economy, so- cial equity, and environmental sustainability. OUR GOALS The Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) serves as Afghanistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and uses the pillars, principles and benchmarks of the Af- ghanistan Compact as a foundation. The pillars and goals of the ANDS are: 1. Security: Achieve nationwide stabilization, strengthen law enforcement, and improve personal security for every Afghan. 2. Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights: Strengthen democratic processes and in- stitutions, human rights, the rule of law, delivery of public services and government ac- countability. 3. Economic and Social Development: Reduce poverty, ensure sustainable development through a private-sector-led market economy, improve human development indicators, and make significant progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). -
Enges to Georgia’S Sovereign Interests
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉ GEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES EXPERT OPINION JOHANNA POPJANEVSKI TOWARD A CRIMEA SCENARIO? RUSSIA’S ANNEXATION POLICIES IN ABKHAZIA AND SOUTH OSSETIA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS 40 2015 The publication is made possible with the support of the US Embassy in Georgia. Editor: Jeffrey Morski Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2015 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies ISSN 1512-4835 ISBN 978-9941-0-7724-1 Introduction Since independence, the conflicts over the secessionist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have constituted troublesome challenges to Georgia’s sovereign interests. Tbilisi’s lack of control of 20 percent of its territory has not only compromised Georgia’s national identity, it has also delayed im- portant state-building processes. Moreover, Russia’s invasion of Georgia in 2008 and its subsequent recognition of the two regions as independent states led to the belated realization that the secessionist conflicts are not merely domestic issues but belong to a larger conflict between Russia and Georgia. Over the last year, a series of events have again put Georgia’s relations with Russia and its breakaway regions at stake. Following the coming to power of Moscow-loyal Raul Khajimba in Abkhazia in August 2014, Mos- cow has initiated strategic alliance agreements with Sukhumi and Tskhin- vali, making the regions further dependent on Russia’s military support and increasing Russia’s political influence over the secessionist authorities.