DOCSLIB.ORG

Republic of Ghana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Republic of Ghana Republicof Ghana Ministry of Lands and Forestry Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized OF NORTHERNSAVANNA BIODIVERSITYCONSERVATION PROJECT (NSBCP) (DRAFT) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized A. B. Acheampong FILECOPY P. 0. Box OS1551 Osu-Accra February, 2001 Northernsavanna BiodiversityConservation Project - EA Page ix 1.0 INTRODUCTIONAND BACKGROUND 1 2.0 DESCRIPTIONOF PROJECT 2 3.0 ENVIRONMENTALPOLICIES, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 4 3.2 World Bank's Safeguard Policies and Guidelines 5 4.0 METHODOLOGYFOR DEVELOPINGENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 6 4.2 Desktop analyses 7 4.3 Field Visits 7 5.0 DESCRIPTIONOF PROJECTENVIRONMENT 9 5.1 Physical Environment 10 5.1.1 Climate and Meteorology 10 5.1 .2Geology and Topography 10 5.1.3 Surface and Groundwater Hydrology 12 5.2 Biological Environment 12 5.2.1 Ecology 12 5.2.2 Flora 12 5.2.3 Fauna 14 5.2.4 Rare or Endangered Species 14 5.2.5 Wild Animal Migration 15 5.3 Socio-Cultural Environment 15 5.3.1 The People 15 5.3.2 On-farm livelihood activities 16 5.3.3 Land Tenure 17 5.4 The Pilot Sites 18 5.5.1 Gbele Resource Reserve 19 5.5.2 The Faunal Corridors 20 6.0 EVALUATIONOF POTENTIALENVIRONENMENAL AND SOCIALIMPACTS OF PROJECT 24 6.1 General 24 6.2. Important Environmental and Social Components used in the Analysis 25 6.2.1 Potential Ecological Implications 27 6.2.2 Potential Implications for Natural Resources 27 6.2.3 Potential Socio-economic/Health Implications, 27 (I) Physical Environment 28 6 7.0 INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENT AND TRAININGFOR THE IMPLENTATIONOF THE PROPOSEDMITIGATION MEASURES 35 7.1 General 35 7.2 Institutional Arrangement 36 7.3 Training, Monitoring and Reporting on Environmental Management and Assessment 38 8.0 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS 41 8.1 Conclusions 41 8.2 Recommendations 41 REFERENCES 44 APPENDIXI 46 APPENDIX11 50 SUMMARYDESCRIPTION OF NSBCP 50 Project Design Summary 58 GHANA: NORTHERN SAVANNABIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PROJECT 58 Legislation 65 Environmental Assessment L.I 66 APPENDIX IV 70 APPENDIXVI 1 7 List of Acronyms CIPSEG- Co-operativeIntegrated Project on SavannaEcosystems of Ghana CITES - ConventionInternational Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Flora and Fauna DPA - District Planning Authorities EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EPA - Environmental Protection Agency GERMP- Ghana EnvironmentalResource Management Project GIS - Geographic Information System LI - Legislative Instrument MOH - Ministry of Health MLF - Ministry of Lands and Forestry NEAP - National Environmental Action Plan NSBCP - NorthernSavanna Biodiversity Conservation Project PMCU- Project Monitoringand Co-ordinatingUnit SRMC - Savanna Resource Management Component UDS - University of Development Studies UNESCO- United NationsEducation, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Northern savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project - EA Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Consultantwishes to expresshis appreciationand gratitudeto the Ministryof Lands and Forestryfor giving the assignment. Specialthanks are also due to Mr M Abu-Juam(Project Co-ordinator), Mr Amissah, ProjectAdministrator and the staff of the Ministry on the Natural Resources ManagementProject for their assistanceand co-operation. He wishes to thank Dr E. Dwumfourof the World Bank,Ghana Office,for his invaluableadvice during the preparationof this report. The following personsand institutions,who helped in various ways, especiallyduring the field trips are acknowledged:Mr N. Ankudey,Director of Wildlife Departmentand his staff, Mr MosesAnangora, Senior Wildlife Officer in charge of the Gbele ResourceReserve, Mr Haizel of the NationalGame Reserve Mole, Mr Daniel Kojo Anko and Mr EddieTelly of the Bolgatangaand Tamaleoffices of the Environmental ProtectionAgency respectively, Mr Abudulai Ziblim,M.O Abebrese, and Mr Moses Wondohall of the ForestryServices Divisionand Mr. M. Kumahof SRMC. District Chief Executivesand the staff of the districtsassemblies, where the projects are sited and indeedthe chiefs and peopleof various projectsites, spent several hours to interact and discussthe biodiversityproblems with the consultantand his team, for which the Consultantis grateful. Northern savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project - EA Page jjj EXECUTIVESUMMARY The Northern Savanna BiodiversityConservation Project (NSBCP)is designed with the primary objective of improving the environment, livelihoods and health of the people of the Northern Savanna Zone of Ghana through the conservation and sustainableuse of natural resources. Specificallythe projectaims at the optimal use of the savanna ecosystem - to restore and conserve agro-biodiversity,medicinal plants, wood fuel, bush meat and grazing lands- and sustain povertyalleviation. The projectconsists of five main components: - formulationof a policy framework; - capacity building of key governmentinstitutions; - promotionof biodiversityconservation, research and development; - developingcommunity-based management actions; and - programmemanagement, monitoring and evaluation. Projectinterventions would be through: a. supportfor community-basedsavanna woodland and wildlife resource management b. support for improved management and monitoring of savanna biodiversity through the establishmentof special protectionareas in additionto and within the existing system of savannareserves that explicitlyincorporate biodiversity conservationas an integralmanagement objective. c. stimulating and supporting improved land managementpractices to support agro-biodiversity (e.g. through reforestation of degraded savanna areas, cultivationof indigenouscrops, etc.) and Northern savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project - EA Page iv d. efficient use of extracted savanna products (e.g. medicinal products, bush meat) that assureslocal users sustainablebenefits. The purpose of this environmental assessment is to determine the potential environmentaland social impacts of establishingspecial protectionareas in addition to existing system of savanna reserves and also of agro-biodiversityand medicinal plants conservationand suggest mitigatingmeasures for any adverse impacts. The project seeks to tackle the issue of conservationof bio-diversityin the Northern Savanna with vital components and cross-links to land degradation and desertification,which are the key natural resourcemanagement issues in Ghana. An impact matrix analysis of the project activities against environmentalparameters indicatesthat the projectgenerally has strong positive environmentalobjectives and orientation.The perceived impacts of the project activities from the impact analysis show that they are mostly beneficial. No perceived significant adverse impact has been registeredfor the projectactivities. However, the absorption of communal forests (dedicated forest) into the two proposedfauna corridorsand use of crop landsfor medicinalplants cultivationwould have some impactsthat need to be addressed. These impactsinclude: - Landuseconflict as a result of the communityhaving to give up potentialfarming lands in communalforest for the fauna corridorsand medicinalplant cultivation. - Conflictbetween humans and animals in the use of water and other resources. - Loss of cultural beliefs and practices - Migrationto and populationincrease around the pilot sites. The impactswould be felt in all the local communities,which derive their livelihoods from the land and especiallyfrom the communal dedicatedforests that would form part of the project sites. Northern savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project - EA Page v The women in some communities believe that provision of credit during the harvesting period would enable them to alleviate poverty through shea butter extraction,processing of dawadawaand malt and par-boilingpaddy for sale To ensure that the project objectivesare realised the following mitigation measures are proposed: - Restorationof the fertility of old farmlandsto enable substantialcrop yields from them - Provisionof funds to supportcultivation of medicinal plants and abandonedlocal crop varieties - Provisionof dams/dugoutsfor watering livestockand dry season gardening - Provision of potable water - Provision of alternative livelihood source for the communities - credit facilities especiallyfor women to go into agro-processing - Provisionof facilities and fundingfor communication,education and training - Provision of funds to build natural resourcesmanagement capacities of District Assemblies. - Restrictionof employmentfrom the projectto membersof the local communities. It is further proposedthat: - In each of the pilot communities,a community-basedland use model should be introduced that integrates well with the community's land use system, which should lead to a communityland use plan. - A baseline survey (inventory) should be conducted to identify products of commercialvalue and promotedto take the pressureoff the land. - Initiate efforts to enhance resourceavailability by locating private, indigenousor external,government or donor support. - Evolveterms and conditionsof accessto and exploitationof renewableresource; both formal and effective rules. Northern savanna Biodiversity Conservation Project - EA Page vi The socio-economicsurvey proposedunder the projectshould includethe following: - Current availabilityof renewablenatural resources- wood stock (plants, bushes, trees) pasture,soil, water and humanfood supply conditions. - Existing supply and demand situation of resources in surplus, equilibrium and deficit areas. - Identification of the nature of user communities
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Unity-Progress-Justice” Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso Unity-Progress-Justice” The official flag of Burkina Faso The rural countryside Woman in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso 1 Location and Geography Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa and is around 274,200 square kilometres in size. It is surrounded by six other nations: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Ivory Coast to the southwest. As of 2014, it had an estimated population of 17.3 million people. It is home to 42 people per square kilometer. The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou. This country is made up of two types of land. Majority of the country is covered by a peneplain, with a few isolated hills. However, the southwest of the country is the opposite. It forms a sandstone massif and houses the highest peak in Burkina Faso—Mount Tenakourou. At an elevation of 749 meters (or 2,457 ft), Mount Tenakourou stands out in the relatively flat country which averages an altitude of 400 meters. Mount Tenakourou The country we know as Burkina Faso was formerly known as the Republic of Upper Volta up until 1984. It owes its former name to the three rivers which run across it. The Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. The Black Volta is one of only two rivers which flows year round and is a primary source of water to many animals, and sadly, people. Natives canoeing in the Black Volta Location of Burkina Faso 2 Climate and Environment Burkina Faso has a primarily tropical climate but has two very distinct seasons—the rainy season and the dry season.
    [Show full text]
  • Rachel Bauermeister Norwell High School Ossian, IN, USA Ghana, Water Scarcity “Sack Solution” That Saves Ghana Humans Do
    Rachel Bauermeister Norwell High School Ossian, IN, USA Ghana, Water Scarcity “Sack Solution” that Saves Ghana Humans do not have the ability to survive without water for prolonged periods of time. Humans need water for almost every bodily process, which is why they can only survive a short time without it. Similarly, countries need water to fulfill their daily needs, such as for irrigation in agriculture. Access to water is the lifeblood of every country. Without access to water in Northern Ghana, the daily tasks they need carry out to survive are limited during the dry seasons. Ghana spans across 238,533 square kilometers of Western Africa. To put this size into a better perspective, Ghana is about the size of Texas. In this vast area lives 28,102,471 people, of which 56.7% live in urban areas, and 43.3% in rural areas. The geography of Ghana is mostly made up of low plains with plateaus in the south-central area. Ghana is most known for being home to the world’s largest artificial lake (“Ghana”). The problems encountered by any nation often cannot be resolved without assistance from the government. The government plays a key role in any project, but also has its own limitations. Both parties’ election platforms have focused on private-sector-driven growth, which will hopefully lead to finding a solution for this water scarcity issue (“Ghana: Current Issues and U.S. Relations in Brief”). Since the food supply is an important matter to ordinary citizens, they can also play a role in supporting their government.
    [Show full text]
  • Volta-Hycos Project
    WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION Weather • Climate • Water VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT SUB-COMPONENT OF THE AOC-HYCOS PROJECT PROJECT DOCUMENT SEPTEMBER 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………….v 1 WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS)……………1 2. BACKGROUNG TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLTA-HYCOS…………………………... 3 2.1 AOC-HYCOS PILOT PROJECT............................................................................................... 3 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AOC HYCOS PROJECT ................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 General objective........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Immediate objectives .................................................................................................................. 3 2.3 LESSONS LEARNT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AOC-HYCOS BASED ON LARGE BASINS......... 4 3. THE VOLTA BASIN FRAMEWORK……………………………………………………... 7 3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS....................................................................................................... 7 3.2 COUNTRIES OF THE VOLTA BASIN ......................................................................................... 8 3.3 RAINFALL............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLTA BASIN.............................................................. 11 3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan 2010-2014
    AUTORITE DU BASSIN DE LA VOLTA VOLTA BASIN AUTHORITY Bénin- Burkina- Côte d’Ivoire- Ghana- Mali- Togo VOLTA BASIN AUTHORITY STRATEGIC PLAN 2010-2014 June 2010 Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... 2 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Annexes ....................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................. 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Aim of Study and Expected Results ............................................................................. 6 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 7 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN .................................... 8 2.1 Overview of the Volta Basin ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of CPWF Research in the Volta River Basin
    A partner of the Summary of CPWF Research in the Volta River Basin September 2013 The farmers in the Volta river basin, some of the poorest in About the Volta River Basin the world, generally rely on rain-fed agriculture. However, insufficient or irregular rainfall frequently puts farmers • The Volta river’s three main tributaries are the Black at risk of losing their crops. In addition, climate change is Volta, White Volta and Red Volta. making already variable rainfall less reliable. • The Volta river basin covers parts of the countries of Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Mali, and Cote The risk of losing crops makes farmers reluctant to invest d’Ivoire, totaling an area of about 400,000 km2. in agriculture and water management. Farmers must have access to a reliable water supply to sustain their livelihoods. • About 20 million people live in the river basin. The countries in the river basin have some of the fastest growing populations in the world. The Volta Basin Development Challenge • Annual precipitation rates vary from 400 mm in the northern parts to 1,600 mm in the south. The Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) began its research in the Volta river basin in 2003. Between 2003 and • Most people live in rural areas, and more than two- thirds work in agriculture. More than 70 percent of 2008, twelve independent projects conducted research on a the population in Burkina Faso and Ghana lives on less wide range of water and food-related issues. When designing than $US2.00 a day. its second round of projects, CPWF decided to limit its focus to one theme and one geographical area.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources and Environmental Management in Ghana
    Journal of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University Vo1.9, No.I. pp.87-98. February 2004 Water Resources and Environmental Management in Ghana Kwabena KANKAM-YEBOAH*, Philip GYAU-BOAKYE**, Makoto NISHIGAKI*** and Mitsuru KOMATSU*** (Received December 3, 2003) Three principal river basins are found in Ghana and the Volta River Basin is the major one, covering about three-quarters of Ghana. The basin is shared with Mali, Burkina Faso, Cote d'lvoire, Togo and Benin. Water from the Volta River Basin is used for drinking water supply, generating hydro-electric power, irrigation, inland fisheries and lake transport. The sustainable management of the Volta River Basin is thus of great importance. Land use activities in the basin are thus closely monitored not only in Ghana, but also in the other riparian countries as well. This paper presents information and data on the water resources and environmental management of the Volta River Basin in Ghana. Key words: water resources, environmental management, Volta River Basin, Ghana, water utilization 1 INTRODUCTION both the forest and savannah zones since the early 1970s (Opoku-Ankomah and Amisigo, 1998; Paturel, et al. Ghana is covered by three main river basins. These 1997; Aka, et al. 1996). The mean annual temperatures are the Volta, South-Western and the Coastal Basins. The vary between 24.4 DC and 28.1 DC. Gyau-Boakye and Volta River Basin (Fig. 1) covers about 70 % of the total Tumbulto (2000) have observed that the mean annual surface area of the country and it is shared by six West temperature in the basin has increased by 1 DC between Africa countries, namely; Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, 1945 and 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • A COMMUNITY PARK for the TOWN of AKYEM ODA, GHANA By
    THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL (Under the Direction of Pratt Cassity) ABSTRACT This thesis presents a program and design for a new community park for Akyem Oda, a small town in the rain forest region of Ghana. The town was visited two times in 2004 and 2005 as part of the ongoing yearly Summer Service-Learning Studio during which time a site inventory was performed. Background research for the program development included geography and history of Ghana with a special focus on the Asante kingdom, traditional building techniques, land planning and an exploration of Akyem history in relationship to the dominant kingdom of Asante. A photo documentation of the main features of Akyem Oda and their spatial relationships to each other completes the research part of this thesis. The program for the proposed ‘Three Akyem Community Park’ integrates a Parade Ground, a Cultural Center and three Groves representing each of the three Akyem people on the 8.9 acres rectilinear site. INDEX WORDS: Africa, Akyem Oda, Architecture, Asante, Cultural Center, Community Park, Courtyard House, Diaspora, Ghana, Grove, Land Planning, Parade Ground, Service-Learning, Tourism THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL Diploma, Tuebingen University, Germany, 1996 M.S., The University of Georgia, 2003 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2007 © 2007 Alexander Nagel All Rights Reserved THE THREE AKYEM: A COMMUNITY PARK FOR THE TOWN OF AKYEM ODA, GHANA by ALEXANDER NAGEL Major Professor: Pratt Cassity Committee: Mary Anne Akers Karim Traore Jennifer Perissi Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who in different ways helped me along the way towards completion of my program and this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Savannah Foci of the Basin Dienkoa in Burkina Faso Where Combined
    Bri"fl,f*t'pt"per N" 4 I SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES OF THE PLANNING EVALUATION AND TRANSFER UNIT Briefing Paper for EAC21, June 2000 This paper highlights the activities that were carried out by the PET Unit from July 1999 through May 2000. l. Epidemiological Evaluations: 1.1 In the original Programme area Epidemiological evaluations were undertaken in more than 115 villages in basins amoung which are the Comoe, Leraba, Mouhoun (Volta Noire), Sissili, Koulpeologo, Nakambe (White Volta), Nazinon (Red Volta) and Oti-Pendjari rivers basins in Burkina Faso; Bandam4 Bou, Baoule, Comoe rivers basins in C6te d'Ivoire; Black, White and Red Volta, Kulpawn/Irrtole, Sissili, Oti and Daka rivers basins in Ghana; Bagoe, Banifing [V, Bani-Yame, Farako-Lotio rivers basins in Mali; tributaries of the Niger river basin in Niger in the original Programme area where vector confiol was stopped over 9 years ago. This was a continuation of an exercise that was started towards the end of 1997 and is planned to be completed this year. The overall results were generally excellent in most of the basins under epidemiological surveillance, with prevalence remaining at 0% in most places. The results are not satisfactory in the basins which are still under ivermectin teatuent like Kulpawn/Tvlole (Prevalenceof 23.9Yo at Bielikpong) and Oti (Prevalence of 23.8% at Kuntuli).in Ghana. 1.2 Evaluations in the extension areas Follow-up evaluations were carried out in 155 villages mainly in Burkina Faso and in the extension areas of the Programme in Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Senegal and Togo in basins where there was either combined lanriciding and ivermectin freatnent or ivermectin teatnent alone.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Ghana Advisory Board
    THE HISTORY OF GHANA ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF GHANA Roger S. Gocking The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findiing, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cocking, Roger. The history of Ghana / Roger S. Gocking. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096-2905) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-313-31894-8 (alk. paper) 1. Ghana—History. I. Title. II. Series. DT510.5.G63 2005 966.7—dc22 2004028236 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Roger S. Gocking All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004028236 ISBN: 0-313-31894-8 ISSN: 1096-2905 First published in 2005 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 987654321 Contents Series Foreword vii Frank W. Thackeray and John
    [Show full text]
  • Background Conditions in Upper East Region, Northern Ghana, 2005
    Working paper: background conditions in Upper East region, Northern Ghana, 2005 [N.B. Text from this Working Paper was later incorporated into the evaluation of the LACOSREP II, published by IFAD] Roger Blench Wa, Sunday, 01 January 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Upper East Region ...................................................................................................................................... 1 3. Environmental background and ecology .................................................................................................. 2 3.1 Vegetation .............................................................................................................................................. 2 3.2 Rainfall and climate .............................................................................................................................. 3 4. Demography and human population......................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Demography........................................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 Language and ethnicity......................................................................................................................... 6 4.3 Social structures ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Ground-Water Reconnaissance of the Republic of Ghana, with a Description of Geohydrologic Provinces
    A Ground-Water Reconnaissance of the Republic of Ghana, With a Description of Geohydrologic Provinces By H. E. GILL r::ONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HYDROLOGY OF AFRICA AND THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1757-K Prepared in cooperation with the Volta River Authority, the Ghana .Division of Water Supplies, and the r;eological Survey of Ghana under the .FJuspices of the U.S. Agency for lnterttational Development rJNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government F"inting Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract__________________________________________________________ K 1 Introduction------------------------------------------------------ 2 Purpose and scope___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 Previous investigations_________________________________________ 2 Acknowledgments_____________________________________________ 3 GeographY--------------------------------------------------- 3 Clinaate------------------------------------------------------ 5 GeohydrologY----------------------------------------------------- 6 Precarnbrianprovince__________________________________________ 7 Lower Precambrian subprovince_____________________________ 7 Middle Precambrian subprovince____________________________ 8 Upper Precambrian subprovince_____________________________ 10 Voltaianprovince----------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Policy Implementation in Protected
    AN EXPLORATION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN PROTECTED WATERSHED AREAS: CASE STUDY OF DIGYA NATIONAL PARK IN THE VOLTA LAKE MARGINS IN GHANA A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science Jesse S. Ayivor March 2007 This thesis entitled AN EXPLORATION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN PROTECTED WATERSHED AREAS: CASE STUDY OF DIGYA NATIONAL PARK IN THE VOLTA LAKE MARGINS IN GHANA by JESSE S. AYIVOR has been approved for the Program of Environmental Studies and the College of Arts and Sciences by Nancy J. Manring Associate Professor of Political Science Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Abstract AYIVOR, JESSE S., M.S., March 2007, Program of Environmental Studies AN EXPLORATION OF POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN PROTECTED WATERSHED AREAS: CASE STUDY OF DIGYA NATIONAL PARK IN THE VOLTA LAKE MARGINS IN GHANA (133 pp.) Director of Thesis: Nancy J. Manring The demise of vital ecosystems has necessitated the designation of protected areas and formulation of policies for their sustainable management. This study which evaluates policy implementation in Digya National Park in the Volta Basin of Ghana, was prompted by lack of information on how Ghana Forest and Wildlife policy, 1994, which regulates DNP, is being implemented amidst continues degradation of the Park. The methodology adopted involved interviews with government officials and analysis of institutional documents. The results revealed that financial constraints and encroachment are the main problems inhibiting the realization of the policy goals, resulting in a steady decrease in forest cover within the Park.
    [Show full text]